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The Global Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP) has launched a project, REVIVE, to connect and support the antimicrobial research and development (R&D) community. REVIVE's educational activities include a webinar series and sessions and presentations at key conferences. REVIVE also aims to connect antimicrobial researchers with each other and with current and retired experts in the field, and to develop a comprehensive repository of relevant resources for the R&D community., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

From climate change to terrorism, the world is confronting complex, trans-national problems. As a contemporary response, governments and non-profit organizations have established grand challenge programs, consisting of multi-sector research and development partnerships, to access innovative new ideas and rapidly scale solutions. Following recent scholarly contributions, this article investigates how problems motivating program establishment were identified, how these problems and related contextual factors evolve over time, and how grand challenge programs evolve in response. It does so through a multi-year study of ten grand challenge programs that differ substantially in purpose and organization. This article finds that adaptive capabilities—inter-organizational governance mechanisms—and operational aspects such as purpose, scope, temporal factors, and partner capabilities are critical to program evolution and impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental geosciences remain underrepresented in art-science partnerships, thereby missing valuable opportunities to enhance inclusive engagement. Here, we highlight potential pathways for scientists and artists to co-create approaches for reaching wider audiences in order to contextualise salient environmental research solutions. We synthesise lessons learned from our collective experiences as a team of scientists, artists, and exhibition officers, evaluate the potential benefits of such collaborations, and explore opportunities to enhance inclusive engagement of environmental geoscience research through art-science partnerships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Community–academic partnerships(CAPs) are a critical component of implementing and sustaining evidence‐based practices (EBPs) in community settings; however, the approaches used and mechanisms of change within CAPs have not been rigorously studied. The first step to advancing the science of CAP is to operationally define and contextualize the approaches used in CAP as part of the implementation process. Our research group has gleaned valuable lessons about the best ways to develop, support, and nurture community partnerships within the context of implementation. In this article, we share these lessons learned and relate them to implementation strategies that are most relevant to community‐partnered implementation endeavors. The implementation strategies most relevant to CAPs are as follows: (a) building a coalition, (b) conducting local consensus discussions, (c) identifying barriers and facilitators to implementation, (d) facilitating interactive problem solving, (e) using an advisory board or workgroup, (f) tailoring strategies, (g) promoting adaptability, and (h) auditing and providing feedback. We offer suggestions for future research to systematically evaluate these strategies, with an eye toward advancing the science of CAP and implementation science and the goal of guiding future research and improving the implementation of EBPs in community settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School district–university research collaborations represent one strategy to increase educators’ ability to use current, research-based information in program decision making and efforts to improve student achievement. However, differences in organizational structures, goals, values, and prior collaborative experiences have made successful school–university research partnerships challenging. This project intentionally structured and examined a mutually beneficial research collaboration between one small urban university with a significant percentage of first-generation college-going students and two local school districts (P-12) to examine high school math achievement and subsequent college math success. One partnership successfully conducted the study and identified actions to increase student success. The other was successful only to the point of partial data collection. This article describes the structures, mechanisms, and conditions that led to the successful partnership and compares them with the unsuccessful one. It contributes to our understanding of developing effective, mutually beneficial school–university research collaborations to improve student outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's view on, Some belief the debate over whether to prioritize skill development or knowledge uptake can be ended by defining knowledge in a way that incorporates both. Levesque avoids the dichotomy by stating that content can be split into substantive and procedural parts. For example, the boiling point of water is substantial content.

This article presents a description of how an interdisciplinary network of academic researchers, community-based programs, parents, and state agencies have joined together to design, test, and scale a suite of innovative intervention strategies rooted in new knowledge about the biology of adversity. Through a process of cocreation, collective pilot testing, and the support of a measurement and evaluation hub, the Washington Innovation Cluster is using rapid cycle iterative learning to elucidate differential impacts of interventions designed to build child and caregiver capacities and address the developmental consequences of socioeconomic disadvantage. Key characteristics of the Innovation Cluster model are described and an example is presented of a video-coaching intervention that has been implemented, adapted, and evaluated through this distinctive collaborative process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the collaborations in clinical trials in the U.S. Topics discussed include trends in collaborative research and development (R&D) arrangements, keys to improving and de-risking alliances and partnerships, and the cloud-based eClinical software. Also being discussed is the identification of new relationships in the data sets of scientists.

This article presents the principles and findings of developing a new participatory assessment of development (PADev) evaluation approach that was codesigned with Dutch nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and northern and southern research institutes over a period of 4 years in the context of rural development in Ghana and Burkina Faso. Although participatory approaches in development evaluations have become widely accepted since the 1990s, the PADev approach is different by taking the principles of holism and local knowledge as starting points for its methodological elaboration. The PADev approach is found to have an added value for assessing the differentiated effects of development interventions across different subgroups in a community through intersubjectivity. Moreover, if PADev is taken up by a multitude of stakeholders, including the intended beneficiaries of development interventions and development stakeholders, it can contribute to a process of local history writing, knowledge sharing, capacity development, and providing input into community action plans and the strategies of community-based organizations and NGOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does trust affect business contracting at the firm level? We analyze the case of foreign high-tech companies investing in China, where the risk of expropriation of their intellectual property is high. We find that firms mitigate this type of risk by taking local trustworthiness into account when making investment decisions. Firms prefer to invest in regions where local partners and employees are considered more trustworthy; they are also more likely to establish joint ventures and to make greater research and development investments. We employ instrumental variable regressions and dynamic panel generalized method of moments estimators to alleviate endogeneity concerns and control for time-invariant heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article offers information related to "Old friends and partners: Allan Bowe as an associate of Carl Faberge" by Boris Gorelik, which appeared in the periodical "Jewellery Studies" on 2021, is presented. Topic includes on the history of the House of Faberge has been thoroughly researched, and many lavishly illustrated volumes of a popular or academic nature have been dedicated to the emergence, development and phenomenal success of that company, some aspects require further exploration.

The theme of innovation isn't more an option for organizations being considered now a mandatory requirement and to legitimize organization at the economic sector to which the organization is linked. The center of the debate has shifted to the question of how to innovate and research, especially due to the significant increase in the cost of carrying out R & D activities. Aiming to contribute to this debate were presented reflections to foster the change of the organizational strategy based on the decision to perform R&D activities through partnership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: In this paper, we suggest that staffing decisions in R&D alliances can reduce the inherent tension between value creation and value protection faced by participating firms. By considering R&D workers a primary source of knowledge leakage, we analyze the role of their intellectual property (IP) protection in shaping the misappropriation threat posed by the partner. We rely on patent ownership and inventorship data to analyze the selection of individuals for R&D collaborations in the pharmaceutical industry between 1991 and 2010. Our results suggest that an inventor's strength of IP protection is an important determinant in allocation decisions since it contributes to offsetting leakage risks in the alliance. The effect is especially strong in alliances that anticipate higher hazards. Managerial Summary The literature argues that firms can reap many benefits from R&D collaborations. However, such activities are challenging to manage because they require firms to put valuable knowledge at risk of misappropriation by the partner. We draw attention to the role that inventors play in generating and channeling knowledge during collaborative work and posit that the strength of the IP protection covering their innovations can safeguard against the consequences of knowledge leakage. We analyze pharmaceutical alliances and find that managers are more prone to allocate to collaborations inventors whose knowledge is better protected, particularly when the alliance anticipates considerable misappropriation risks. Our study has implications for how firms allocate inventors across projects, which may be an important factor for the overall success of firms' R&D strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like governance structure and alliance scope, partner selection may serve to safeguard firms' intellectual assets in R&D alliances. We categorize potential alliance partners into friends, acquaintances, and strangers, depending on their previous alliance experience. Data on 1,159 R&D alliances indicate that the more radical an alliance's innovation goals, the more likely it is that partners are friends rather than strangers. However, strangers are preferred to acquaintances, suggesting partner selection preferences are not transitive. Moreover, results suggest that firms use partner selection, governance structure, and alliance scope as substitute mechanisms to protect valuable technological assets from appropriation in R&D alliances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies argue that paying high acquisition premia is value destroying for acquirer shareholders. There are studies that have even used the size of premium as a measure of low-quality decision making. This paper departs from the earlier research and shows that acquisition premia may be justified when target firms' resources are difficult for the market to value. An analysis of a sample of 458 acquisitions demonstrates that although higher premia are paid for R&D-related assets, the premia do not cause negative abnormal returns. Abnormal returns are more strongly affected by the overall target price levels independent of premia. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I examine the impact of partner technological diversity and alliance organizational form on firm innovative performance. Using a sample of 463 R&D alliances in the telecommunications equipment industry, I find that alliances contribute far more to firm innovation when technological diversity is moderate, rather than low or high. Although this relationship holds irrespective of alliance organization, I find that hierarchical organization, such as an equity joint venture, improves firm benefits from alliances with high levels of technological diversity. Thus, alliance organizational form likely influences partner ability and incentives to share information, which affects performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing importance of collaborative efforts to corporate strategy makes central the decisions about when, with whom, and how to collaborate. This is particularly true for R&D consortia, where there is even greater uncertainty and ambiguity about the need for and outcomes from collaboration than in other strategic alliances. Too often, managers do not know how to structure these R&D consortia effectively. This article examines three different formation paths. While there are commonalities among these formation processes, each occurs under different combinations of initial conditions. The strength of congruent interests and of social and strategic relationships produces distinctive sets of managerial activities and different outcomes. To help managers improve the odds of success in relying on R&D consortia, this article addresses three critical questions in managing the formation process: How do we assess initial conditions? What are the specific managerial priorities we need to set? What other managerial challenges do we foresee? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I analyze the impact of competition on the risk premia of R&D ventures engaged in a multiple-stage patent race with technical and market uncertainty. After solving in closed form for the case of a two-stage race in continuous time, I show that a firm's risk premium decreases as a consequence of technical progress and increases when a rival pulls ahead. Compared to the case where firms collude, R&D competition erodes the option value to mothball a project, reduces the completion time and the failure rate of R&D, and causes higher and more volatile risk premia. Numerical simulations reveal that competition can generate risk premia up to 500 annual basis points higher and up to three times more volatility than in a collusive industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participants in research and development alliances face a difficult challenge: how to maintain sufficiently open knowledge exchange to achieve alliance objectives while controlling knowledge flows to avoid unintended leakage of valuable technology. Prior research suggests that choosing an appropriate organizational form or governance structure is an important mechanism in achieving a balance between these potentially competing concerns. This does not exhaust the set of possible mechanisms available to alliance partners, however. In this paper we explore an alternative response to hazards of R&D cooperation: reduction of the 'scope' of the alliance. We argue that when partner flrms are direct competitors in end product or strategic resource market seven 'protective' governance structures such as equity joint ventures may provide insufficient protection to induce extensive knowledge sharing among alliance participants. Rather than abandoning potential gains from cooperation altogether in these circumstances, partners choose to limit the scope of alliance activities to those that can be successfully completed with limited (and carefully regulated) knowledge sharing. Our arguments are supported by empirical analysis of a sample of international R&D alliances involving electronics and telecommunications equipment companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the development of collaborative relationships between organizations. Much attention has been given to how organizations "expand the pie" of benefits between them; however, there is little that addresses the ensuing issue: how organizations divide the expanded pie. The author examines the relational impact of pie sharing in complex collaboration contexts marked by uncertainty in resources and output, information asymmetries, intangible aspects, and noncomparable factors and processes. The author develops a conceptual framework that examines how the use of equity and equality sharing principles in conjunction with various resource and organizational conditions can be used to affect relational outcomes systematically. Survey results of 300 research and development managers, scientists, and engineers indicate that sharing principles can have a positive or negative effect on the relationship depending on the type of sharing principle used and the characteristics of the resources and organizations. In particular, sharing processes should be responsive to the goals of the collaboration. The results underscore the strategic nature of the sharing phenomenon as well as the importance of relational concerns in complex and uncertain interorganizational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of how research contributes to society typically focuses on the study of those transactions that are mediated through formal legal instruments (research contracts, patent licensing and the creation of companies). Research has shown, however, that informal means of technology transfer are also important. This paper explores the importance of informal collaborations and provides evidence of the extent to which informal collaborations between researchers and non-academic partners take place informally in the social sciences and humanities (SSH). Data is obtained from two studies on knowledge exchange involving researchers working in the SSH area of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research. We show that informal collaborations not officially recorded by the organisation are much more common than formal agreements and that many collaborations remain informal over time. We explore the causes of such prevalence of informality and discuss its policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the context of a long-term institutional 'twinning' partnership initiated by Indiana and Moi Universities more than 22 years ago, a vibrant program of research has arisen and grown in size and stature. The history of the AMPATH (Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare) Research Program is described, with its distinctive attention to Kenyan-North American equity, mutual benefit, policies that support research best practices, peer review within research working groups/cores, contributions to clinical care, use of healthcare informatics, development of research infrastructure and commitment to research workforce capacity. In the development and management of research within our partnership, we describe a number of significant challenges we have encountered that require ongoing attention, many of which are 'good problems' occasioned by the program's success and growth. Finally, we assess the special value a partnership program like ours has created and end by affirming the importance of organizational diversity, solidarity of purpose, and resilience in the 'research enterprise.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author focuses on the policy-relevant research and the relationship of research with the aid agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). According to the author, policy research is carried out by international organizations and NGOs but sometimes the methodology they use is not clear. The author argues that the close relation between aid agencies and academic researchers limit the ability of the refugee researchers which limit their development.

This article responds to the drive for research partnerships between academics and practitioners, arguing that while potential benefits are clear, these are frequently not actualized resulting in partnerships that are ineffectual or worse, exacerbate damaging or inequitable assumptions and practices. In order to understand/improve partnerships, a systematic analysis of the interrelationship between what counts as evidence and dynamics of participation is proposed. Drawing on data from a seminar series and iterative analysis of seven case studies of partnerships between Higher Education Institutions and International Non‐Governmental Organisations, the article concludes by suggesting substantial shifts in the theory and practice of partnerships. © 2019 The Authors Journal of International Development Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the use of bilingual constructed response science assessments in the context of a research and development partnership with secondary school science teachers. Given the power that assessments have in today's education systems, our project provided a series of workshops for teachers where they explored students' emergent reform-oriented science meaning-making in our project-designed assessments. Within the context of these workshops, we used discourse analysis to explore how three different groups grappled with the new reform-oriented relationship between science and language: (1) the research team's emergent understandings of how to create improved resources for teachers to better integrate science and language; (2) students' emergent understandings as expressed in their assessment responses; and (3) teachers' emergent understandings of how to integrate science and language in their instruction as expressed in interviews in the teacher writing workshops. Implications for curriculum designers, assessment developers, and professional learning facilitators are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this research was to determine the complementarity of the business models of the investigated enterprises and the factors determining it in the Klaipeda city (Lithuania) incoming tourism. Research was based on the methodological approach of the qualitative research (the phenomenological case study). Data of the research were obtained by using the instrument of partially structured expert interview. As the results of the research, the concept of business model complementarity and the factors that determine it in the tourism business was theoretically analysed; the conceptual model of business model complementarity and the factors that determine it in the incoming tourism was identified, analysed in practice and presented as well. The research results can be used in several practical fields of activities: the obtained results allow to strengthen managerial impact to the creation and development of the potential partnerships; the research methodology is easily adaptable for the determination of business model complementarity of companies that operate in other business systems and prepared research instrument can be considered as a diagnostic tool for inter-organisational relations, it can be used to determine and evaluate the complementarity of company business models in various business systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To what extent is an increased stringency of the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) system apt to stimulate research cooperation between developed and emerging economies? To address this question, we empirically investigate how international joint research projects in the pharmaceutical sector are affected by the regime of IPR in force in the two countries involved in the collaboration. Looking at the joint signature of both patent documents and scientific papers by researchers located in developed and emerging markets, our investigation indicates two opposite effects: joint publications are fostered by stricter IPR rules, whereas joint patents are discouraged. A recently proposed theory provides a plausible rationale for this apparently contradicting result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores issues that arose when implementing innovative and creative research methods in a research partnership between academics and Home Hospice, a community organisation that uses a community-development approach to deliver a community mentoring program for carers who want to care for a terminally ill person at home. The project aimed to investigate the effects of caring for a dying person at home on the wider community. Thus, it contrasted with almost all previous research, which focused on the needs of the terminally ill person or the situation of the carer. To be sensitive when asking people to talk about emotional issues, the innovative methods of PhotoVoice and participatory network mapping were employed, enabling the participants to remain in control and (hopefully) to flourish as a result of the research process. Although the methods proved successful, recruitment of participants was hampered by gate-keeping within and beyond the organisation. We conclude that the dominant social constructions are likely to prevail even when an organisation is trying to change those constructions. In this case, it was constructions of carers as being vulnerable and thus in need of protection from research, but the same principle might apply in other contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]