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Abstract Background Despite the globally reducing hospitalization rates and the much lower risks of Covid-19 mortality, accurate diagnosis of the infection stage and prediction of outcomes are clinically of interest. Advanced current technology can facilitate automating the process and help identifying those who are at higher risks of developing severe illness. This work explores and represents deep-learning-based schemes for predicting clinical outcomes in Covid-19 infected patients, using Visual Transformer and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), fed with 3D data fusion of CT scan images and patients’ clinical data. Methods We report on the efficiency of Video Swin Transformers and several CNN models fed with fusion datasets and CT scans only vs. a set of conventional classifiers fed with patients’ clinical data only. A relatively large clinical dataset from 380 Covid-19 diagnosed patients was used to train/test the models. Results Results show that the 3D Video Swin Transformers fed with the fusion datasets of 64 sectional CT scans + 67 clinical labels outperformed all other approaches for predicting outcomes in Covid-19-infected patients amongst all techniques (i.e., TPR = 0.95, FPR = 0.40, F0.5 score = 0.82, AUC = 0.77, Kappa = 0.6). Conclusions We demonstrate how the utility of our proposed novel 3D data fusion approach through concatenating CT scan images with patients’ clinical data can remarkably improve the performance of the models in predicting Covid-19 infection outcomes. Significance Findings indicate possibilities of predicting the severity of outcome using patients’ CT images and clinical data collected at the time of admission to hospital.

Key clinical massage Pseudoaneurysms and aneurysms of the visceral arteries are rare entities. To the best of our knowledge, rupture of a proximal parental artery during endovascular treatment of a visceral aneurism/pseudoaneurysm has not been reported and should be kept in mind as a tragic possibility immediately following an apparently successful management of them. Abstract A 55‐year‐old woman with a history of coronary artery disease was referred to our hospital with abdominal pain as her primary complaint. Early works revealed anemia, a small amount of free peritoneal fluid, and a possible large aneurysm or pseudoaneurysm by the greater curvature of the stomach. She underwent emergency angiography that showed a large aneurism/pseudoaneurysm of the gastroepiploic artery. Successful embolization of the lesion was performed using the isolation technique. Perforation of a side branch of the gastroduodenal artery was observed on the immediate postembolization control angiography. Therefore, parent artery coiling was done immediately with good results. She was symptom‐free and stable hemodynamically after the procedure, during the hospital course, and in the follow‐ups.

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common brain failure for which no cure has yet been found. The disease starts with a disturbance in the brain structure and then it manifests itself clinically. Therefore, by timely and correct diagnosis of changes in the structure of the brain, the occurrence of this disease or at least its progression can be prevented. Due to the fact that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to obtain very useful information from the brain, and also because it is non-invasive, this method has been considered by researchers. Materials and Methods: The data were obtained from an MRI database (MIRIAD) of 69 subjects including 46 AD patients and 23 healthy controls (HC). Individuals were categorized based on two criteria including NINCDS-ADRAD and MMSE, as the gold standard. In this paper, we used the support vector machine (SVM) and Bayesian SVM classifiers. Results: Using the SVM classifier with Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) kernel, we distinguished AD and HC with an accuracy of 88.34%. The most important regions of interest (ROIs) in this study included right para hippocampal gyrus, left para hippocampal gyrus, right hippocampus, and left hippocampus. Conclusion: This study showed that the SVM model with Gaussian RBF kernel can distinguish AD from HC with high accuracy. These studies are of great importance in medical science. Based on the results of this study, MRI centers and neurologists can perform AD screening tests in people over the age of 50 years.

Introduction: In human, the growth of the cerebellum may be less affected by Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR). Then, measurement of transverse cerebellar diameter can be used as an appropriate measurement for determining the gestational age of fetus with IUGR. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the agreement of different biometric parameters such as transverse cerebellar diameter, femur length and biparietal diameter in sonographic determining of gestational age of fetuses with IUGR and comparing them. Methods: This cross sectional study was performed on 35 pregnant women with small abdomen suspected to IUGR fetuses who referred to sonography ward of Kermanshah Imam Reza Hospital in 2016. Gestational age was determined based on the LMP of patient. Ultrasound was performed for patients; gestational age was measured by Transverse Cerebellar Diameter (TCD) and other sonographic routine parameters, and then the results were compared. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) and paired t-test, Wilcoxon, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient. PResults: There was no significant difference between gestational age predicted by TCD parameter and LMP (P>0.05). But, gestational age determined by the parameters of BPD and Femur Length was significantly lower than gestational age based on LMP (P

Background and Aim: This study aimed at analyzing the demographic characteristics of the patients with non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, their angiographic results and the correlation between computed tomography (CT) scan and angiography findings. Methods and Materials/Patients: In a descriptive study, we retrospectively reviewed the records of the patients with non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage based on their brain CT or lumbar puncture findings from 2011 to 2017. For all patients, four vessel catheter angiography via the femoral approach was performed in the Medical Imaging Center of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Results: We investigated 143 cases with non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage which was indicated in CT findings (91.61%) or lumbar puncture (8.39%). Of 143 patients, 64 (44.8%) were men and 79 (55.2%) women (mean age 53.7±12.1 years old). Moreover, 104(72.7%) patients had Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH), 19(13.3%) of them had Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH), 8(5.6%) ones had Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH) and 12(8.4%) patients had normal brain CT. There were 100 cases of aneurysm (69.93%), 13 cases of Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM) (9.09%), 28 cases with negative angiograms (19.58%), and 2 cases with other pathologies (1.4%). Seven (4.89%) cases of multiple aneurysms were also recorded. Of 13 patients with AVM, 8(61.5%) patients had AVM in parieto-occipital region, 2(15.4%) in temporal, 1(7.7%) in frontal region and 2(15.4%) had deep AVM. Two (1.4%) patients with SAH had dural AVF. Twenty-eight (19.6%) patients had negative angiogram, 22 cases of them had second angiography after one to two weeks. The most common positive finding in the second angiogram was Acom aneurysm (18.18%). Conclusion: Aneurysms and AVMs are the most common causes of non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage. The most common site of intracranial aneurysms is the circle of Willis. A second angiogram after one to two weeks is necessary in most patients with negative results in first angiography after non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage.

We aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of maternal renal vasculature Doppler ultrasound indices in the prediction of preeclampsia. A total of 40 pregnant women with a gestational age of more than 20 weeks were included and followed. The pregnant women underwent a Doppler ultrasound examination to measure the resistance index (RI) of the interlobar arteries of right and left kidneys and the renal interlobar vein impedance index (RIVI). Of the included women, 15 patients developed preeclampsia based on clinical and laboratory criteria. The renal vascular Doppler ultrasound indices were compared between the two groups. Then, using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, the diagnostic accuracy of interlobar artery RI and RIVI were investigated in the prediction of preeclampsia occurrence. RIVI values of right and left kidneys were significantly higher in the preeclampsia group compared to the normal pregnancy group. The left kidney interlobar artery RI at a cut-point of 0.59 had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 40% (area under curve=0.7, P-0.03) in the prediction of preeclampsia. The RIVI of the left kidney (adjusted odds ratio=17.14, 95% CI = 3.46 to 47.28) was statistically significant in predicting preeclampsia (P-0.006). We found that, besides other routine methods, using Doppler ultrasound and measuring RIVI can be reliable in the prediction of preeclampsia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the globally reducing hospitalization rates and the much lower risks of Covid-19 mortality, accurate diagnosis of the infection stage and prediction of outcomes are clinically of interest. Advanced current technology can facilitate automating the process and help identifying those who are at higher risks of developing severe illness. This work explores and represents deep-learning-based schemes for predicting clinical outcomes in Covid-19 infected patients, using Visual Transformer and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), fed with 3D data fusion of CT scan images and patients' clinical data. Methods: We report on the efficiency of Video Swin Transformers and several CNN models fed with fusion datasets and CT scans only vs. a set of conventional classifiers fed with patients' clinical data only. A relatively large clinical dataset from 380 Covid-19 diagnosed patients was used to train/test the models. Results: Results show that the 3D Video Swin Transformers fed with the fusion datasets of 64 sectional CT scans + 67 clinical labels outperformed all other approaches for predicting outcomes in Covid-19-infected patients amongst all techniques (i.e., TPR = 0.95, FPR = 0.40, F0.5 score = 0.82, AUC = 0.77, Kappa = 0.6). Conclusions: We demonstrate how the utility of our proposed novel 3D data fusion approach through concatenating CT scan images with patients' clinical data can remarkably improve the performance of the models in predicting Covid-19 infection outcomes. Significance: Findings indicate possibilities of predicting the severity of outcome using patients' CT images and clinical data collected at the time of admission to hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the importance of the textbooks within the field of ELT, EFL textbooks should be subjected to for their suitability. Therefore, this article compared three dimensions of meaning (i.e., contents, subject positions, and social relations) in the conversations of the three volumes of the Vision textbook series developed by Iranian educational system. To this end, the theory and procedures of critical discourse analysis, as expounded by Fairclough (1989), were applied to the corpus of the study. The analysis into the dimension of contents revealed that the focus of material developers was more on the topics of everyday and school issues. The analysis into subject positions demonstrated that the material developers had focused more on the student character, with a tinge of gender inequality. The analysis into social relations disclosed their focus on the family and school life relationships for older students, tending to depict male supremacy. Besides, it was revealed that the ideology of Iran centrism had been underscored in the three textbooks thereby focusing on the issue of localization. Finally, two semi-structured interviews were conducted with two material developers of Vision series, which corroborated the CDA results. The findings of this study may have implications for language teachers and material developers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: The curriculum is the most important component of the educational system and evaluation is one of the most significant and sensitive components of the curriculum too. Through evaluation, the efficiency and effectiveness of programs can be increased. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted to evaluate the residency curriculum of the Pediatrics Department of Hormozgan Medical School using the CIPP model. The statistical population in the study included 20 Pediatrics residents and 20 faculty members who were selected by the census method. Researcher-made questionnaires were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed via descriptive-analytical statistical methods using SPSS version 22. Results: The dimensions of context, input, process, and product were evaluated as relatively desirable. The context, input, process, and product status had a statistically significant difference from the participant's perspective. According to (p=0.01) and the average score of faculty members and residents respectively (M=3.15) and (M=2.57), it can be said that faculty members have a more positive attitude towards residents in evaluating the Pediatrics residency curriculum except for the product dimension. Conclusion: Generally the curriculum of the Pediatrics Department of Hormozgan Medical School was evaluated as relatively desirable from the perspective of faculty members and residents. This issue shows, there is a long way to improve the quality of the curriculum, which will be achieved by eliminating the shortcomings in various areas of education. Consequently, it will be effective to evaluate the periodical of the Pediatrics department curriculum to improve it and achieve long-term educational goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social robots are expected to take over a significant number of jobs in the coming decades. The present research provides the first systematic evaluation of occupation suitability of existing social robots based on user perception derived classification of them. The study was conducted in the Middle East since the views of this region are rarely considered in human–robot interaction research, although the region is poised to increasingly adopt the use of robots. Laboratory-based experimental data revealed that a robot's appearance plays an important role in the perception of its capabilities and preference for it to perform a particular job. Participants showed a preference for machine-like robots to perform dull and dirty occupations and humanoids, but not androids, to perform jobs requiring extensive social interaction with humans. However, other aspects of appearance than morphology determine whether a robot is preferred for a job irrespective of its perceived capability to do it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vartoun village is located 35 km North East of Isfahan County and is an administrative unit of Sagzi County. Karkas mountain range with a height of over 3000 meters covers North and West of Sagzi County as well as Vartoun village and a relatively flat plain covers other areas of this country. Villages and springs emerged in the margin of these mountains, which are considered the origin of contemporary nomadic people in these areas. During visits to villages and springs in this region, man-made caves were discovered in the margin of Vartoun hot spring. As far as we know, the man-made architecture has been developed in different periods and situations with various functions such as residence, refuge, warehouse and animal shelter. In this study, we first attempt to introduce spatial archaeology, architecture plan analysis, Annales school historiography approach and the collection of man-made caves of Vartoun hot spring in its historical-cultural context and analyze its application and creation time. Spatial and building material analysis as well as survey results of man-made caves in the historic-cultural context of Vartoun hot spring, given the therapeutic importance of hot spring and its long distance from nearby cities and villages, indicates a temporary residential use of man-made spaces before the Seljuks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the pattern of the clinical, radiological, diagnostic procedures and loss to follow -up of the diagnosed cases of active tuberculosis (TB) adolescents. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 143 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years with tuberculosis who were admitted TB wards of National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD) in Tehran, Iran, between March 2006 and March 2011. Results: Of the 143 patients identified, 62.9% were females. Median age of the patients was 16 years. The contact source was identified in 47.5%. The most common presenting symptom was cough (86%).Isolated pulmonary TB (PTB) was detected in 113 patients (79%), 21 patients (14.7%) had extrapulmonary TB (EPTB), and 9 patients (6.3%) had PTB and EPTB.The most common site of EPTB was pleural (14%). The most common radiographic finding was infiltration (61%).Positive acid fast smears were seen in 67. 6%.Positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. TB) were seen in 44.7%. Positive Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results were seen in 60%.The adolescents aged 15 to 18 years were more likely to lose weight (p=0.001), smear positive (p=0.001), culture positive (p<0.001) and have positive PCR results (p=0.009). The type of TB (p=0.017) was a significant factor influencing loss to follow-up. Conclusions: The study has revealed that the clinical and radiological findings of TB in adolescents are combination as identified in children and adults. The TB control programs should pay more attention to prevention and treatment of TB in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information on the Iranian congress of radiology 2014 (ICR2014) is presented. Topics discussed at ICR2014 include an overview of the Iranian Society of Radiology, the society's resident research award, the progress of its developments, the recipients of its honorary membership, its gold medalists, scientific program, and the scientific papers presented at the congress.

Purpose: Although bronchoscopy can be safely performed through endotracheal tube in most intubated critically ill patients, sometimes it could lead to complications such as hypoxia and high airway pressures. Theoretically, transglottic bronchoscopy (TGB) does not interfere with mechanical ventilation and could avoid these complications. In a two-period crossover study, we compared this technique with trans-endotracheal tube bronchoscopy (TEB) in normal anesthetized sheep. Methods: In five sheep, we did TGB first. The bronchoscope was introduced through the nasal nares and passed into the trachea via space between endotracheal tube and vocal folds. Heart rate, V, P, and O saturation were recorded. One week later, we did TEB. In another five sheep, we did TEB first and TGB later. Results: P increased and V and O saturation decreased during TEB (53.2 ± 5.7 vs. 27.6 ± 0.6, P = 0.002; 210 ± 32 vs. 285 ± 26, P = 0.002; 94.3 ± 1.3 vs. 97.5% ± 0.5, P = 0.041, respectively), but not during TGB. The only statistically significant abnormal finding during TGB was a mild tachycardia (96.7 ± 5.7 vs. 94.7 ± 5.5, P = 0.034). Conclusion: Although TGB is time consuming and less convenient than TEB, it has minimal interference with mechanical ventilation. Expertise with this technique could be useful in patients with anticipated significant hypoxia and high airway pressures during bronchoscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the political environment of Afghanistan in 2011, including the assassinations of politicians Ahmad Wali Karzai and Ghulam Haidar as well as the withdrawal of U.S. troops. Topics include the increased military hostility in North and East Afghanistan from groups such as the Taliban's Quetta Shura (Quetta Council), the Haqqani network, and the Hezb-e Islami (Party of Islam) of Gulbuddin Hekmaytar, the death of Osama bin Ladin in Pakistan on May 1, 2011, and the political turmoil faced by Afghan President Hamid Karzai due to conflict over the legitimacy of the Wolesi Jirga Parliament elections.

Objectives: To investigate whether or not the Greulich- Pyle method is sufficient for Kurdish children for determination of the skeletal age. Methodology: The study group consisted of 228 children (126 girls, 102 boys), with a mean age of 10 years. These radiographs were analyzed by two radiologists who were unaware of the age of the children. Results: Mean bone ages were delayed by 2 to 21.6 months when compared to the mean chronological ages in boys aged 7 to 14 years. Mean bone ages were delayed by 6.6 to 11.9 months when compared to the mean chronological ages in girls aged 7 to 9 years and advanced by 2 to 12.2 months in girls aged 10 to 14 years. Conclusions: The results suggest that Kurdish children may have a different pattern of skeletal maturation from that of American children from which the Greulich-Pyle standards is derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents case report of a Jewish infant girl who was admitted to the hospital at 11 months of age because of pallor, weakness and fever of a few days duration. On physical examination there was pallor, and the spleen and liver were 4 cm and 3 cm below the costal margins. She had an episode of generalized convulsions at the time of admission. Investigations showed a hemoglobin level of 6.1 Gm. per 100 ml. and a reticulocyte count of 3.5 per cent.. Leukocyte count was 4,600 with 16 per cent granulocytes.

The article celebrates the life and works of professor Mohsen Ziai, who died on March 27, 2013.

The author describes the case of a two-month-old infant who had been admitted to the hospital because of cyanosis and cough of sudden onset. The x-ray was explained as suggestive of staphylococcal pneumonia. On closer inspection, the diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia could not be ruled out. It was suggested that the patient be given a barium swallow study. The patient was operated on through an abdominal approach and had a good postoperative recovery. The left diaphragm however was severely malformed which made the operative repair extremely difficult, and the condition recurred one month later. It is important for the physician to keep in mind the likelihood of diaphragmatic hernia when he deals with young infants suffering from respiratory distress.

The author describes the medical case of an eight-year-old Caucasian girl who was evaluated for possible leukemia. The girl was clearly retarded and had a facial appearance almost suggestive of mongolism. With a working diagnosis of idiopathic acquired aplastic anemia, the child was started on a therapeutic program of prednisolone and testosterone propionate. The case illustrates the problem that may occur in differentiating a hematologic problem in a mongol from Fanconi's anemia or from idiopathic aplastic anemia. Fanconi's anemia generally responds to androgen therapy but relapses when it is withdrawn. Idiopathic aplastic anemia responds to androgen therapy about 25 per cent of the time and does not relapse with withdrawal of therapy. The passage of time confirmed the diagnosis of aplastic anemia with unknown cause.

The article presents various unusual diseases tend to appear in crops. A case study of a 12-years-old boy from a rural community who had been brought to the hospital because of progressive pain in the back and extremities for the past 18 months, leading ultimately to complete generalized weakness. At the hospital it was obvious that he was suffering from a severe form of rickets. His nutritional history was poor and suggested the possibility of vitamin D deficiency. A 29-year-old young woman, after returning from a seashore vacation, began to have difficulty in manipulating objects and carrying out such responsibilities as dressing herself and handling various instruments and objects. Later, while trying to give injections, she would often drop syringes and needles. She continued to work because of necessity, but her condition was deteriorating progressively with more neuromuscular incoordination, and the head was gradually tilting posteriorly. When looked for, the pathognomonic sign of Wilson's disease was indeed found in both instances, namely, the presence of Kayser-Eleisher rings.