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Resumen: Objetivos: Estudiar la eficacia de la terapia manual en el tratamiento de la cefalea tensional (CT) valorando los estudios controlados aleatorizados (ECA) publicados desde el año 2000 hasta abril del 2013. Métodos: Se realizó la búsqueda en las bases de datos MEDLINE, EBSCO, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PEDRO y OVID. Se incluyeron ECA que analizasen a pacientes con CT tratados con terapia manual y que recogiesen como variable de resultado la intensidad, frecuencia, duración del dolor de cabeza. La calidad metodológica fue valorada por 2 revisores independientes mediante la escala Jadad. Los datos de los ECA fueron extraídos por 2 revisores. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 14 ECA. Doce de ellos se consideraron de calidad aceptable (Jadad ≥ 3) y 2 de baja (Jadad = 2). Los estudios mostraron resultados positivos obteniendo disminución de la intensidad y/o frecuencia de cefaleas, reducción del consumo de medicamentos y mejora de la calidad de vida en pacientes con CT. Conclusiones: Debido a la heterogeneidad en diseños, instrumentos de medida y tratamientos de los estudios, no es posible obtener conclusiones definitivas sobre la eficacia de la terapia manual en pacientes con CT aunque se aprecien efectos beneficiosos. No obstante, el análisis de los estudios indica que, al recibir tratamiento con terapia manual, los pacientes con CT evolucionaron de forma más favorable respecto a aquellos que recibieron tratamiento habitual o un tratamiento placebo. Se requiere un mayor número de estudios con mayor calidad metodológica, así como mayor homogeneidad de los tratamientos y de los métodos de valoración de los resultados, para determinar la eficacia de la terapia manual en la CT. Abstract: Objectives: To study the efficacy of manual therapy in the treatment of tension-type headache (TTH) by assessing the quality of randomized control trials (RCTs) published from the year 2000 to April 2013. Methods: A search was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE, EBSCO, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PEDRO and OVID. An analysis was made of RCT including patients with TTH receiving any manual therapy, and assessing outcome measures including the intensity, and frequency or duration of the headache. Two independent referees reviewed the methodological quality of RCTs using the Jadad scale. Data from the studies were extracted by two different reviewers. Results: A total of fourteen RCTs were selected. Twelve studies showed acceptable quality (Jadad scale ≥3), and the remaining 2 had low quality (Jadad = 2). The studies showed positive results, including reduction in headache intensity and/or frequency, reduction of medication consumption, and improvement in quality of life. Conclusions: The effectiveness of manual therapy for TTH cannot be completely assessed due to the heterogeneity in study design, outcome measures, and different treatments. Nevertheless, the results suggest patients with TTH receiving manual therapies showed better progress than those receiving conventional treatment or placebo. Further studies of high quality using manual therapy protocols, and also including standardized outcome measures, are now needed to clarify the efficacy of manual therapy in the management of TTH. Palabras clave: Cefalea tensional, Fisioterapia, Terapia manual, Keywords: Tension-type headache, Physical therapy, Manual therapy

Objectives: To study the efficacy of manual therapy in the treatment of tension-type headache (TTH) by assessing the quality of randomised control trials (RCTs) published from the year 2000 to April 2013. Methods: A search was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE, EBSCO, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PEDRO and OVID. An analysis was made of RCT including patients with TTH receiving any manual therapy, and assessing outcome measures including the intensity, and frequency or duration of the headache. Two independent referees reviewed the methodological quality of RCTs using the Jadad scale. Data from the studies were extracted by two different reviewers. Results: A total of fourteen RCTs were selected. Twelve studies showed acceptable quality (Jadad scale ≥3), and the remaining 2 had low quality (Jadad = 2). The studies showed positive results, including reduction in headache intensity and/or frequency, reduction of medication consumption, and improvement in quality of life. Conclusions: The effectiveness of manual therapy for TTH cannot be completely assessed due to the heterogeneity in study design, outcome measures, and different treatments. Nevertheless, the results suggest patients with TTH receiving manual therapies showed better progress than those receiving conventional treatment or placebo. Further studies of high quality using manual therapy protocols, and also including standardised outcome measures, are now needed to clarify the efficacy of manual therapy in the management of TTH. Resumen: Objetivos: Estudiar la eficacia de la terapia manual en el tratamiento de la cefalea tensional (CT) valorando los estudios controlados aleatorizados (ECA) publicados desde el año 2000 hasta abril del 2013. Métodos: Se realizó la búsqueda en las bases de datos MEDLINE, EBSCO, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PEDRO y OVID. Se incluyeron ECA que analizasen a pacientes con CT tratados con terapia manual y que recogiesen como variable de resultado la intensidad, frecuencia, duración del dolor de cabeza. La calidad metodológica fue valorada por 2 revisores independientes mediante la escala Jadad. Los datos de los ECA fueron extraídos por 2 revisores. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 14 ECA. Doce de ellos se consideraron de calidad aceptable (Jadad ≥ 3) y 2 de baja (Jadad = 2). Los estudios mostraron resultados positivos obteniendo disminución de la intensidad y/o frecuencia de cefaleas, reducción del consumo de medicamentos y mejora de la calidad de vida en pacientes con CT. Conclusiones: Debido a la heterogeneidad en diseños, instrumentos de medida y tratamientos de los estudios, no es posible obtener conclusiones definitivas sobre la eficacia de la terapia manual en pacientes con CT aunque se aprecien efectos beneficiosos. No obstante, el análisis de los estudios indica que, al recibir tratamiento con terapia manual, los pacientes con CT evolucionaron de forma más favorable respecto a aquellos que recibieron tratamiento habitual o un tratamiento placebo. Se requiere un mayor número de estudios con mayor calidad metodológica, así como mayor homogeneidad de los tratamientos y de los métodos de valoración de los resultados, para determinar la eficacia de la terapia manual en la CT. Keywords: Tension-type headache, Physical therapy, Manual therapy, Palabras clave: Cefalea tensional, Fisioterapia, Terapia manual

Se presenta el caso de un osteoblastoma recidivante del hueso ganchoso y se revisa el tratamiento de esta lesión. Paciente varón joven con dolor y tumefacción en el dorso de la mano de seis meses de evolución sin respuesta al tratamiento sintomático. A la exploración radiológica se apreció una tumoración lítica del hueso ganchoso, y la RM mostró una tumoración con edema. Por biopsia incisional se diagnóstico que se trataba de un osteoblastoma, por lo que fue intervenido para practicar curetaje intralesional con aporte de esponjosa de cresta ilíaca autóloga. A los seis meses se observó una recidiva local, por lo que fue reintervenido mediante resección en bloque, con resultado final satisfactorio.

En este experimento se probó el comportamiento del extracto líquido de estiércol bovino (ELEB), acidulado con ácidos orgánicos e inorgánicos, en la nutrición de pimiento morrón en un sistema hidropónico con recirculación de la solución nutritiva. Los resultados indicaron que el estiércol líquido contiene todos los nutrimentos esenciales para el desarrollo de plantas; sin embargo, el calcio, el nitrato, el sulfato, el hierro y fósforo se encuentran en cantidades insuficientes. Cuando se aciduló el estiércol líquido con ácidos orgánicos, hubo quelatación de nutrimentos como el calcio, amonio y hierro disminuyendo su contenido en 33, 90 y 23 % respectivamente, en la solución de ELEB. La altura de planta, el número de frutos y el rendimiento por planta se favoreció cuando el ELEB se aciduló con el ácido nítrico.

Acromegaly is a challenging medical condition that arises from the excessive production of growth hormones and the insulin-like growth factor 1 in the pituitary gland. While surgery is the primary treatment for acromegaly, medication is increasingly being used in patients who are unsuitable for surgery or have experienced treatment failure. Despite advancements in medical and surgical therapies, the treatment of acromegaly remains challenging. In this research, a three-dimensional (3D) in-vitro cell culture model for pituitary adenoma research was developed using hydrogel fiber meshes (HFMs) and GH3 cells. Electrospun nanofibers based on polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid were converted into HFMs by hydrogelification with the leaching of electrosprayed cellulose acetate beads for porosity enhancement. GH3 cells grown in the 3D model exhibited increased dispersion and upregulation of the somatostatin receptor subtypes 2 and 5 compared to those grown in traditional 2D cultures, as well as high sensitivity to somatostatin analogs and tumor-like profiles (as indicated by functional assays and transcriptome analysis, respectively). Therefore, the proposed 3D model accurately represents the physiological response to pituitary-adenoma therapeutic agents. This study highlights the potential of HFMs as a versatile platform for 3D in-vitro cell culture models that can be employed for pituitary adenoma research. Moreover, the proposed 3D cell culture model may contribute to a deeper understanding of tumor biology and facilitate the development of effective therapeutic strategies for acromegaly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is an idiopathic form of pregnancy-induced heart failure associated with preeclampsia. Circulating factors in late pregnancy are thought to contribute to both diseases, suggesting a common underlying pathophysiological process. However, what drives this process remains unclear. Using serum proteomics, we identified the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a marker of cellular senescence associated with biological aging, as the most highly up-regulated pathway in young women with PPCM or preeclampsia. Placentas from women with preeclampsia displayed multiple markers of amplified senescence and tissue aging, as well as overall increased gene expression of 28 circulating proteins that contributed to SASP pathway enrichment in serum samples from patients with preeclampsia or PPCM. The most highly expressed placental SASP factor, activin A, was associated with cardiac dysfunction or heart failure severity in women with preeclampsia or PPCM. In a murine model of PPCM induced by cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of the gene encoding peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator-1α, inhibiting activin A signaling in the early postpartum period with a monoclonal antibody to the activin type II receptor improved heart function. In addition, attenuating placental senescence with the senolytic compound fisetin in late pregnancy improved cardiac function in these animals. These findings link senescence biology to cardiac dysfunction in pregnancy and help to elucidate the pathogenesis underlying cardiovascular diseases of pregnancy. Editor's summary: Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a form of heart failure linked to preeclampsia. Roh et al. found that secreted proteins associated with senescence, a process linked to aging and cellular stress, were increased in sera from patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy or preeclampsia. Placentas from patients with preeclampsia also had elevated gene expression and tissue signatures of senescence. The most up-regulated senescence-associated secretory protein, activin A, was associated with worse heart function in human pregnancy cohorts that included patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy or preeclampsia. In a mouse model of peripartum cardiomyopathy with the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator-1α gene deleted in cardiomyocytes, placentas also showed an amplified senescence phenotype. Treating these mice with the senolytic compound fisetin during mid to late pregnancy reduced placental senescence and improved heart function. Treatment with a monoclonal antibody directed against the activin type II receptor similarly improved heart function. These findings suggest that cardiovascular diseases of pregnancy could be targeted through reducing pathological cellular senescence in the placenta. —Brandon Berry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vascular endothelium is a multifunctional cellular system which directly influences blood components and cells within the vessel wall in a given tissue. Importantly, this cellular interface undergoes critical phenotypic changes in response to various biochemical and hemodynamic stimuli, driving several developmental and pathophysiological processes. Multiple studies have indicated a central role of the endothelium in the initiation, progression, and clinical outcomes of cardiac disease. In this review we synthesize the current understanding of endothelial function and dysfunction as mediators of the cardiomyocyte phenotype in the setting of distinct cardiac pathologies; outline existing in vivo and in vitro models where key features of endothelial cell dysfunction can be recapitulated; and discuss future directions for development of endothelium-targeted therapeutics for cardiac diseases with limited existing treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a rapid decline in renal function, and is associated with a high risk of death. Many pathological changes happen in the process of AKI, including crucial alterations to oxidative stress levels. Numerous efforts have thus been made to develop effective medicines to scavenge excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, researchers have encountered several significant challenges, including unspecific biodistribution, high biotoxicity, and in vivo instability. To address these problems, engineered nanoparticles have been developed to target oxidative stress and treat AKI. This review thoroughly discusses the methods that empower nanodrugs to specifically target the glomerular filtration barrier and presents the latest achievements in engineering novel ROS‐scavenging nanodrugs in clustered sections. The analysis of each study's breakthroughs and imperfections visualizes the progress made in developing effective nanodrugs with specific biodistribution and oxidative stress‐targeting capabilities. This review fills the blank of a comprehensive outline over current progress in applying nanotechnology to treat AKI, providing potential insights for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim. Hematological disorders (HD) affect millions of people annually worldwide. Nutritional care is essential in acute or chronic HD, especially in controlling metabolic and gastrointestinal disorders that affect the nutritional status of individuals. Methods. A bibliographic survey was carried out between 2020 and 2022 using two databases: PubMed/MEDLINE and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and the information source Academic Google, irrespective of language or geography. Results. In the first nutrition consultation (FNC), there should be an investigative direction focused on nutritional interventions in the short, medium, and long term. The record in the patient's medical record is relevant for carrying out the consultation, according to the recommendations of the normative councils of medicine and nutrition. The main steps to be followed are the investigation of the presence of food allergies and intolerances; the drugs/nutritional supplements in use; changes in the digestive tract; the presence or absence of picamalacia; and socioeconomic and lifestyle data. In addition, it is necessary to carry out laboratory evaluations, semiological assessment, anthropometric assessment, and assessment of food consumption. In the end, the nutritional approach should be composed of calculation of energy and macronutrient and micronutrient needs, intervention in nutritional status deviations, nutritional guidelines, and nutritional therapeutic planning of return, focusing on adherence to treatment. Conclusion. The first nutrition consultation may represent investigative steps that help the clinical nutritionist in the management, allowing a longitudinal and specific nutritional therapeutic planning for patients assisted in large reference centers for hematological disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal fibrosis (RF) is one of the underlying pathological conditions leading to progressive loss of renal function and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Over the years, various therapeutic approaches have been explored to combat RF and prevent ESRD. Despite significant advances in understanding the underlying molecular mechanism(s), effective therapeutic interventions for RF are limited. Current therapeutic strategies primarily target these underlying mechanisms to halt or reverse fibrotic progression. Inhibition of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, a pivotal mediator of RF has emerged as a central strategy to manage RF. Small molecules, peptides, and monoclonal antibodies that target TGF-β receptors or downstream effectors have demonstrated potential in preclinical models. Modulating the renin-angiotensin system and targeting the endothelin system also provide established approaches for controlling fibrosis-related hemodynamic changes. Complementary to pharmacological strategies, lifestyle modifications, and dietary interventions contribute to holistic management. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the underlying mechanisms of RF and provide an overview of the therapeutic strategies and novel antifibrotic agents that hold promise in its treatment., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin, Cis) is widely employed to treat several types of cancer. It has many important toxic side effects; one of the most important of which is nephrotoxicity. Clemizole hydrochloride (Clem) as the most potent inhibitor of TRPC5 channels was tested in an animal model of Cis‐induced nephrotoxicity. Rats were divided into the following groups: control; Cis (8 mg/kg); Cis + 1 mg/kg Clem; Cis + 5 mg/kg Clem; Cis + 10 mg/kg Clem. Kidney injury was detected by histopathological and biochemical analysis. Urine urea nitrogen (UUN), creatinine, urine neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL), serum catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were studied using a colorimetric assay. Nephrin, synaptopodin, and Rac family small GTPase 1 (RAC1) expressions were detected by Western blot analysis. Cis was found to induce histopathological alterations, including tubular degeneration, congestion, hemorrhage, hyaline casts, glomerular collapse, and apoptotic cell death. Clem at a dose of 1 and 5 mg/kg attenuated histopathological alterations. UUN, creatinine, and NGAL levels increased in the Cis‐administered group, while all doses of Clem decreased in those. CAT and TAS levels decreased, while TOS and oxidative stress index levels increased in the Cis‐treated group. A dose of 1 and 5 mg Clem showed antioxidant effects against oxidative stress. Cis induced lipid peroxidation by increasing MDA levels. All doses of Clem reduced MDA levels. Nephrin and synaptopodin expressions were decreased by Cis, and all doses of Clem increased that. All doses of Clem successfully depressed RAC1 expression. Clem showed a highly ameliorating effect on toxicity caused by Cis by blocking TRPC5 calcium channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined development of emotional support competence within close friendships across adolescence. A sample of 184 adolescents (53% girls, 47% boys; 58% White, 29% Black, 14% other identity groups) participated in seven waves of multimethod assessments with their best friends and romantic partners from age 13 to 24. Latent change score models identified coupled predictions over time from emotional support competence to increasing friendship quality and decreasing support received from friends. Friend‐rated emotional support competence in adolescence predicted supportiveness in adult romantic relationships, over and above supportiveness in adolescent romantic relationships. Teen friendships may set the stage for developing emotional support capacities that progress across time and relationships into adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined struggles to establish autonomy and relatedness with peers in adolescence and early adulthood as predictors of advanced epigenetic aging assessed at age 30. Participants (N = 154; 67 male and 87 female) were observed repeatedly, along with close friends and romantic partners, from ages 13 through 29. Observed difficulty establishing close friendships characterized by mutual autonomy and relatedness from ages 13 to 18, an interview-assessed attachment state of mind lacking autonomy and valuing of attachment at 24, and self-reported difficulties in social integration across adolescence and adulthood were all linked to greater epigenetic age at 30, after accounting for chronological age, gender, race, and income. Analyses assessing the unique and combined effects of these factors, along with lifetime history of cigarette smoking, indicated that each of these factors, except for adult social integration, contributed uniquely to explaining epigenetic age acceleration. Results are interpreted as evidence that the adolescent preoccupation with peer relationships may be highly functional given the relevance of such relationships to long-term physical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objectives. Pristane-induced lupus is a well-established model of murine lupus. Mice injected with Pristane develop lupus-specific autoantibodies and glomerulonephritis. A chance observation led us to identify and characterize haemorrhagic pulmonary capillaritis in Pristane-injected mice. Methods. Eight-week-old C57Bl/10 (B10, H-2b) mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml of Pristane. Control mice received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) injection. Mice were bled at 2 weeks after Pristane injection and monthly thereafter for serology and for antinuclear antibody (ANA). To characterize pulmonary disease, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was carried out for total and differential cell count. Cytokines levels were checked for IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-10. Lungs were examined by histopathology and electron microscopy. Results. All mice injected with Pristane developed a pulmonary capillaritis with perivascular infiltration with macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils. In addition, alveoli showed macrophage and neutrophil infiltration. The degree of perivascular and alveolar inflammation was moderate to severe. BAL was inflammatory with cell composition of macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocyte and eosinophils. There was evidence of endothelial injury on electron microscopy but no evidence of immune complex deposition. IL-6 and IL-10 were increased in BAL but levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 were not. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA) was negative. Kidneys demonstrated an increase in mesangial matrix and cellularity compatible with WHO Class II lupus lesion. There were immune complexes and complement deposition in the kidney. There were oil granulomas in peritoneum, spleen and liver but no evidence of vasculitis in these organs was seen. Conclusion. The relative ease and high penetrability of lesion makes it an attractive model to study pulmonary vasculitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many autistic adolescents and young adults present with aggressive behaviours, which can be challenging for caregivers. The present study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms between social communication understanding and aggressive behaviours in autistic and non-autistic adolescents, specifically the role of emotional dysregulation and its impact on avoidance with caregivers. Caregivers of autistic (n = 275) and non-autistic adolescents (n = 123) completed standardised caregiver-report questionnaires measuring social communication understanding, emotional dysregulation, avoidance between the adolescent and caregiver and aggressive behaviours. A serial mediation analysis indicated that levels of social communication understanding were indirectly associated with aggressive behaviours. This occurred through increased emotional dysregulation, which may have led to increased avoidance between the autistic and non-autistic adolescents and their caregivers. These findings support a sequential process by which adolescents with low social communication understanding are more likely to behave aggressively through being emotionally dysregulated and the impact of this on the increased avoidance within the caregiver-adolescent dyad. This process was found within autistic and non-autistic adolescents, suggesting a mechanism across individuals with aggression. These findings indicate that interventions based on improving emotion regulation ability and responses between adolescents and their caregivers may aid in reducing aggressive behaviours in adolescents and young adults with lower social communication understanding., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

A gap in research on family interventions is the understanding of long-term effects on hypothesized mechanisms of effect regarding children's processes of responding to family stressors. This study assessed the long-term effects of an intervention designed to improve interparental and family conflict resolution on adolescents' emotional insecurity about interparental conflict. Emotional insecurity about interparental conflict has long been linked with adolescents' risk for adjustment problems. These findings have motivated the development of several family-based preventive interventions, one of which is the focus of this study. A community sample of 225 adolescents and their parents participated in an RCT-based study of an intervention designed to reduce adolescent's emotional insecurity about interparental conflict. The intervention's effect on patterns of change in adolescents', mothers', and fathers' reports of the three components of adolescents' emotional insecurity (emotional reactivity, behavioral dysregulation, and cognitive representations) from posttest through the 3-year follow-up were examined using multilevel modeling. Results suggested that the intervention predicted immediate (pre to posttest) and long-term linear decreases in emotional reactivity, as well as long-term quadratic change in behavioral dysregulation. These findings support the beneficial effects of a brief intervention on multiple components of emotional security. The results also underscore the importance of considering the potential of long-term (including nonlinear) patterns of change that may occur as a function of family-based interventions, as well as that the impact of family-based interventions may vary as a function of reporter and component of emotional insecurity., (© 2024 Family Process Institute.)

Using the cognitive appraisal theory of coping and the self-determination theory of motivation, we examined the shared variance of motivational orientations, attachment relationships, and gender on adaptive and maladaptive coping among youth experiencing homelessness. Several scales including The Global Motivation Scale (assessing motivational orientations; i.e., autonomous and controlled motivation), the Brief Cope (adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies), and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (self-perceptions of relationships with mothers, fathers, and peers) were administered to 102 youth aged between 16 and 24 (M age  = 20, SD = 2.07) years recruited from an evening program for youth experiencing homelessness in Montreal, Canada. Autonomous motivation was positively associated with engagement in effective coping strategies, while controlled motivation was positively linked to maladaptive coping. Moderation analyses were used to examine whether gender and relationships with attachment figures moderated the relationship between motivation and coping. A significant main effect of peer attachment on adaptive coping emerged, in which greater peer attachment was related to more adaptive coping among the youth. No interaction effects resulted. Although no significant moderating effects were associated with essential relationships and gender, further research implementing a more nuanced approach to assessing the interaction between these constructs may be warranted. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of intervention programs for youth experiencing homelessness, that focus on enhancing autonomous motivation and utilizing peer support to optimize the use of adaptive coping strategies., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Community Psychology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Social skill is a critical asset for adolescents, and early mother-child attachment is an essential contributor to their development. While less secure mother-child attachment is a known risk factor for adolescent social development, the protective factor of neighborhood context in buffering this risk is still not well understood. Research Design: This study used longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 1,876). Adolescent social skills (at age 15) were examined as a function of early attachment security and neighborhood social cohesion (age 3). Results: Children with higher mother-child attachment security at age three had higher adolescent social skills at age 15. The findings show that there was an interaction effect such that neighborhood social cohesion buffered the relationship between mother-child attachment security and adolescent social skills. Conclusion: Our study highlights that early mother-child attachment security can be promotive for cultivating adolescent social skills. Furthermore, neighborhood social cohesion can be protective among children with lower mother-child attachment security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of various organs such as skin, kidneys, bones, and brain and the presence of autoantibodies. Although the cause of SLE is not completely understood, environmental factors, genetic susceptibility, hormone factors, and environmental factors are thought to play essential roles in the pathogenesis of SLE. Among environmental factors, the microbiota are linked to the development of different autoimmune diseases. The microbiota in the nasal cavity and gut are involved in SLE development, but the influence of skin microbiota is still unclear. Here, we demonstrated that epithelial cell–specific IκBζ-deficient (NfkbizΔK5) mice showed spontaneous skin inflammation with increased abundance of Staphylococcus aureus on the skin. When S. aureus was epicutaneously applied on NfkbizΔK5 mice, NfkbizΔK5 mice developed SLE-associated autoantibodies, anti-dsDNA antibodies, anti-Sm antibodies, and glomerulonephritis with IgG deposition. Epicutaneous S. aureus application significantly increased staphylococcal colonization on the skin of NfkbizΔK5 mice with reduced expression of several antimicrobial peptides in the skin. This staphylococcal skin colonization promoted caspase-mediated keratinocyte apoptosis and neutrophil activation, inducing the interleukin-23 (IL-23)/IL-17 immune response by activating dendritic cells and T cells. Furthermore, the subcutaneous administration of anti–IL-23p19 and anti–IL-17A antibodies alleviated the systemic autoimmune response. Together, these findings underscore epithelial-immune cross-talk disturbances caused by skin dysbiosis as an essential mediator inducing autoimmune diseases. Skin staph promotes lupus: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects various organs, and the microbiota of the nasal cavity and gut are involved in SLE development. However, it is unclear how the skin microbiota influences SLE. Using an epithelial cell–specific IκBζ-deficient (NfkbizΔK5) mouse model of spontaneous skin inflammation, Terui et al. tested the impact of Staphylococcus aureus colonization of the skin on SLE-associated effects. The authors found that the spontaneous SLE-associated effects seen in the NfkbizΔK5 mice worsened with skin S. aureus colonization. These effects were associated with neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)–induced epidermal apoptosis via the increased production of IL-17A. Thus, skin S. aureus colonization potentially worsens SLE by mediating increased release of NETs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a thematic analysis of socialization messages about race and racism in White parents' reports of their discussions with adolescents about current events involving racism (e.g., police brutality toward Black Americans). Two samples of White parents of primarily White adolescents ages 14–17 were recruited online in September 2019 (Study 1, N = 123) and June 2020 (Study 2, N = 104). Key themes included color‐conscious messages, color‐blind messages, endorsing equal treatment, and references to Whiteness. Rates of discussion in 2020 (79–81%) were double that of 2019 (40.2–43.4%). However, color‐conscious messages were less common in 2020 compared to 2019, and references to Whiteness were rare in 2020. Color‐blind messages were similarly prevalent across both studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adopted adolescents create identity narratives conceptualizing their connections to their families of adoption and birth. Previous work with a sample of adoptive adolescents identified a sub-group who reported negative experiences regarding adoption as part of their navigating of adoptive identity processes (the "Unsettled" group). The current study examined interviews with adolescents in the "Unsettled" group to elucidate these negative experiences, specifically through identifying the relationship challenges linked to adoption. Participants included 30 adopted adolescents (18 females, 12 males) from a longitudinal study of adoptive families. All the adolescents (M age = 15.2 years) were domestically adopted in infancy by heterosexual couples who were the same race as the adolescents (29 White, 1 Mexican American). Thematic analysis revealed six themes reflecting adolescents' relationship challenges as related to adoption, both in terms of interpersonal interactions and how relational experiences influenced adolescents' thoughts and feelings of past, present, and future selves: (a) Negative experiences in relationships with adoptive family members, (b) Negative experiences in relationships with birth family members, (c) Difficulties in the adoptive kinship network, (d) Negative thoughts and feelings toward the self as an adopted person, (e) Negative views toward adoption as a form of building a family, and (f) Negative connections between adoption and future relationships. Multiple subthemes were also identified that built upon topics within the adoption and family systems literature, such as communication among family members, navigation of birth family contact, and adopted adolescents' perceptions of loss. Also identified were four profiles across themes. Implications for mental health providers and adoption professionals are discussed., (© 2023 Family Process Institute.)

Scope: Ready-to-feed liquid infant formulas (IFs) are increasingly being used for newborn preterm infants when human milk is unavailable. However, sterilization of liquid IFs by ultra-high temperature (UHT) introduces Maillard reaction products (MRPs) that may negatively affect systemic immune and kidney development., Methods and Results: UHT-treated IF without and with prolonged storage (SUHT) are tested against pasteurized IF (PAST) in newborn preterm pigs as a model for preterm infants. After 5 days, blood leukocytes, markers of systemic immunity and inflammation, kidney structure and function are evaluated. No consistent differences between UHT and PAST pigs are observed. However, SUHT increases plasma TNFα and IL-6 and reduces neutrophils and in vitro response to LPS. In SUHT pigs, the immature kidneys show minor upregulation of gene expressions related to inflammation (RAGE, MPO, MMP9) and oxidative stress (CAT, GLO1), together with glomerular mesangial expansion and cell injury. The increased inflammatory status in SUHT pigs appears unrelated to systemic levels of MRPs., Conclusion: SUHT feeding may impair systemic immunity and affect kidney development in preterm newborns. The systemic effects may be induced by local gut inflammatory effects of MRPs. Optimal processing and length of storage are critical for UHT-treated liquid IFs for preterm infants., (© 2023 The Authors. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Nephrotoxicity is the dose-limiting side-effect of the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin (Cp). Recent evidence points to renal protective actions of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1). In addition, it has been shown that GPER1 signaling elicits protective actions against acute ischemic injuries that involve multiple organ systems; however, the involvement of GPER1 signaling in Cp-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unclear. This study tested whether genetic deletion of GPER1 exacerbates Cp-induced AKI in male mice. We subjected male mice, homozygous (homo) and heterozygous (het) knockout for the GPER1 gene, and wild-type (WT) littermates to Cp or saline injections and assessed markers for renal injury on the third day after injections. We also determined serum levels of proinflammatory markers in saline and Cp-treated mice. Given the protective role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in Cp-mediated apoptosis, we also investigated genotypic differences in renal HO-1 abundance, cell death, and proliferation by Western blotting, the TUNEL assay, and Ki67 immunostaining, respectively. Cp increased serum creatinine, urea, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels, the renal abundance of kidney injury molecule-1, and NGAL in all groups. Cp-induced AKI resulted in comparable histological evidence of injury in all genotypes. WT and homo mice showed greater renal HO-1 abundance in response to Cp. Renal HO-1 abundance was lower in Cp-treated homo, compared to Cp-treated WT mice. Of note, GPER1 deletion elicited a remarkable increase in renal apoptosis; however, no genotypic differences in cell proliferation were observed. Cp augmented kidney Ki67-positive counts, regardless of the genotype. Overall, our data do not support a role for GPER1 in mediating Cp-induced renal injury. GPER1 deletion promotes renal apoptosis and diminishes HO-1 induction in response to Cp, suggesting that GPER1 may play cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic actions in AKI. GPER1-induced regulation of HO-1 and apoptosis may offer novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examined how parenting and adolescent interpersonal styles jointly influence youths' abilities to form close relationships – a central developmental milestone – yet avoid substance use, which predominantly occurs in the presence of peers. Nine annual waves from an adolescent sample (N = 387) were used to assess (a) combinations of interpersonal and parenting styles from early to middle adolescence using longitudinal latent profile analysis, (b) the validity of these profiles on indicators of adjustment, and (c) the relationships between the profiles and growth in substance use across adolescence as well as substance-related consequences in late adolescence. The results supported five distinct combinations of interpersonal and parenting styles, and validity analyses identified both risk and protective profiles. The protective profile submissive–communal interpersonal style + high-warmth–authoritative parenting style was associated with indicators of positive social adjustment (e.g., friendship quality, resistance to peer influence) as well as lower levels of substance use. Significant differences also emerged with respect to substance-related consequences. The findings of this study highlight how combinations of adolescent interpersonal style and parenting render adolescents more or less successful at navigating peer relationships while avoiding substance use behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceptions of adolescent–parent and adolescent–peer relationship qualities, and adolescents' attachment states of mind were examined as predictors of adult social and romantic relationship quality, depressive symptoms, and work performance. Adolescents (86 male, 98 female; 58% White, 29% African American, 8% mixed race/ethnicity, 5% other groups) were followed from age 13 to 24 via observational, self‐, parent‐, and close friend‐reports. Adolescent close friendship quality was a significantly better predictor of adult peer and romantic outcomes, work performance, and depressive symptoms than parental reports of the parent–teen relationship; attachment security was also a strong predictor of numerous outcomes. Results are interpreted as reflecting the difficulty for parents judging parent–teen relationship quality and as reflecting the growing importance of close friendships during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lichens collected worldwide for centuries have resulted in millions of specimens deposited in herbaria that offer the potential to assess species boundaries, phenotypic diversification, ecology, and distribution. The application of molecular approaches to historical collections has been limited due to DNA fragmentation, but high-throughput sequencing offers an opportunity to overcome this barrier. Here, we combined a large dataset of ITS sequences from recently collected material and historical collections, obtained through Sanger, 454, or Illumina Sequencing, to test the performance of ITS barcoding in two genera of lichenized Basidiomycota: Cora and Corella. We attempted to generate new sequence data for 62 fresh specimens (from 2016) and 274 historical collections (collected between 1888 and 1998), for a final dataset of 1325 sequences. We compared various quantitative approaches to delimit species (GMYC, bPTP, ASAP, ABGD) and tested the resolution and accuracy of the ITS fungal barcoding marker by comparison with a six-marker dataset. Finally, we quantitatively compared phylogenetic and phenotypic species delimitation for 87 selected Cora species that have been formally described. Our HTS approach successfully generated ITS sequences for 76% of the historical collections, and our results show that an integrative approach is the gold-standard for understanding diversity in this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TGF-β1 contributes to chronic kidney disease, at least in part, via Smad3. TGF-β1 is induced in the kidney following acute ischemia, and there is increasing evidence that TGF-β1 may protect against acute kidney injury. As there is a paucity of information regarding the functional significance of Smad3 in acute kidney injury, the present study explored this issue in a murine model of ischemic acute kidney injury in Smad3+/+ and Smad3-/- mice. We demonstrate that, at 24 h after ischemia, Smad3 is significantly induced in Smad3+/+ mice, whereas Smad3-/- mice fail to express this protein in the kidney in either the sham or postischemic groups. Compared with Smad3+/+ mice, and 24 h following ischemia, Smad3-/- mice exhibited greater preservation of renal function as measured by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine; less histological injury assessed by both semiquantitative and qualitative analyses; markedly suppressed renal expression of IL-6 and endothelin-1 mRNA (but comparable expression of MCP-1, TNF-α, and heme oxygenase-1 mRNA); and no increase in plasma IL-6 levels, the latter increasing approximately sixfold in postischemic Smad3+/+ mice. We conclude that genetic deficiency of Smad3 confers structural and functional protection against acute ischemic injury to the kidney. We speculate that these effects may be mediated through suppression of IL-6 production. Finally, we suggest that upregulation of Smad3 after an ischemic insult may contribute to the increased risk for chronic kidney disease that occurs after acute renal ischemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]