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2. Assessment of river embankments security: A case study

Author

Cristo, Cristiana Di, primary, Giudice, Giuseppe Del, additional, Greco, Massimo, additional, Granata, Francesco, additional, Iervolino, Michele, additional, Leopardi, Angelo, additional, Cifù, Nicola, additional, Gabriele, Annalaura, additional, Sarracini, Stefano, additional, and de Marinis, Giovanni, additional

Published
2020
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4. Rethinking Influenza

Author

Rappuoli, Rino, Giudice, Giuseppe Del, Nabel, Gary J., Osterhaus, Albeit D. M. E., Robinson, Robin, Salisbury, David, Stöhr, Klaus, and Treanor, John J.

Published
2009
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6. Dissecting the Human Response to Staphylococcus aureus Systemic Infections

Author

Leuzzi, Rosanna, primary, Bodini, Margherita, additional, Thomsen, Isaac P., additional, Soldaini, Elisabetta, additional, Bartolini, Erika, additional, Muzzi, Alessandro, additional, Clemente, Bruna, additional, Galletti, Bruno, additional, Manetti, Andrea Guido Oreste, additional, Giovani, Cinzia, additional, Censini, Stefano, additional, Budroni, Sonia, additional, Spensieri, Fabiana, additional, Borgogni, Erica, additional, Rossi Paccani, Silvia, additional, Margarit, Immaculada, additional, Bagnoli, Fabio, additional, Giudice, Giuseppe Del, additional, and Creech, Clarence B., additional

Published
2021
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13. Sewer sideweir with throttling pipe

Author

Giudice, Giuseppe Del and Hager, Willi H.

Subjects
Hydraulics -- Research, Sewer systems -- Research, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Science and technology
Abstract

Sewer sideweirs in a combined sewer system are used for diversion of excess discharge during rainfalls. Their hydraulic performance depends significantly on the approach Froude number, the relative weir height, and the overflow length. The throttling pipe is a simple device to limit the discharge to treatment facilities. An experimental work was conducted to establish the main flow features of the converging sewer sideweir. The effect of the throttling pipe was determined. It was concluded that Abwassertechnische Vereinigung of Germany or the European regulations for side overflows can only be satisfied if the weir height is larger than about 70% of the approach diameter. Also, the approach Froude number should be smaller than about 0.7. Using the energy equation, relations for the free surface profile were developed that agree with experimental observations. Further results include the spatial discharge and velocity distributions, the lateral outflow characteristics, the excess overflow, the end depth, and equations for the discharge in the throttling pipe. Previous results of Gisonni and Hager for the short sewer sideweir without throttling pipe are confirmed, and photographs illustrate the complex spatial flow patterns.

Published
1999

18. Short Vi-polysaccharide abrogates T-independent immune response and hyporesponsiveness elicited by long Vi-CRM197 conjugate vaccine.

Author

Micoli, Francesca, Bjarnarson, Stefania P., Arcuri, Melissa, Aradottir Pind, Audur Anna, Magnusdottir, Gudbjorg J., Necchi, Francesca, Benedetto, Roberta Di, Carducci, Martina, Schiavo, Fabiola, Giannelli, Carlo, Pisoni, Ivan, Martin, Laura B., Giudice, Giuseppe Del, MacLennan, Calman A., Rappuoli, Rino, Jonsdottir, Ingileif, and Saul, Allan

Subjects
IMMUNE response, BONE marrow cells, B cells, T cells, VACCINES
Abstract

Polysaccharide-protein conjugates have been developed to overcome the T-independent response, hyporesponsiveness to repeated vaccination, and poor immunogenicity in infants of polysaccharides. To address the impact of polysaccharide length, typhoid conjugates made with short- and long-chain fractions of Vi polysaccharide with average sizes of 9.5, 22.8, 42.7, 82.0, and 165 kDa were compared. Long-chain-conjugated Vi (165 kDa) induced a response in both wild-type and T cell-deficient mice, suggesting that it maintains a T-independent response. In marked contrast, short-chain Vi (9.5 to 42.7 kDa) conjugates induced a response in wild-type mice but not in T cell-deficient mice, suggesting that the response is dependent on T cell help. Mechanistically, this was explained in neonatal mice, in which long-chain, but not short-chain, Vi conjugate induced late apoptosis of Vi-specific B cells in spleen and early depletion of Vi-specific B cells in bone marrow, resulting in hyporesponsiveness and lack of long-term persistence of Vi-specific IgG in serum and IgG+ antibody-secreting cells in bone marrow. We conclude that while conjugation of long-chain Vi generates T-dependent antigens, the conjugates also retain T-independent properties, leading to detrimental effects on immune responses. The data reported here may explain some inconsistencies observed in clinical trials and help guide the design of effective conjugate vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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20. A phase I, randomized, controlled, dose-ranging study of investigational acellular pertussis (aP) and reduced tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (TdaP) booster vaccines in adults

Author

Leroux-Roels, Geert, primary, Lattanzi, Maria, additional, Solis, Claudia Dovali, additional, Contorni, Mario, additional, Costantini, Marco, additional, Moraschini, Luca, additional, Bardelli, Monia, additional, Bertholet, Sylvie, additional, Borgogni, Erica, additional, Buricchi, Francesca, additional, Cantisani, Rocco, additional, Faenzi, Elisa, additional, Finco, Oretta, additional, Leuzzi, Rosanna, additional, Pizza, Mariagrazia, additional, Rosa, Domenico, additional, Schiavetti, Francesca, additional, Seubert, Anja, additional, Spensieri, Fabiana, additional, Volpini, Gianfranco, additional, Zedda, Luisanna, additional, Giudice, Giuseppe Del, additional, and Galgani, Ilaria, additional

Published
2017
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23. Mecanismos de adyuvancia inmunológica: papel de GITR en el efecto proadyuvante de la enterotoxina termolabil de Escherichia Coli

Author

Tamayo, Esther, Postigo, Jorge, Santiuste, Inés, Carlo, Riccardi, and Giudice, Giuseppe del

Abstract

Trabajo presentado al XXXIV Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Española de Inmunología celebrado en Palma de Mallorca del 21 al 24 de Mayo de 2008., La administración de antígenos proteicos en superficies mucosas induce tolerancia sistémica a los mismos. Este efecto se evita administrando determinados >adyuvantes orales>, como la enterotoxina termolabil de Escherichia Coli (LT) junto al antígeno vacunal. No obstante, el uso de LT en vacunación en mucosas se ve lastrado por su gran toxicidad y por el desconocimiento de los mecanismos inmunológicos implicados en su efecto adyuvante. Para investigar estos mecanismos se analizó la capacidad de LT para inducir la activación y proliferación de los linfocitos a diferentes periodos tras su administración por vía parenteral. El análisis de la expresión de diferentes marcadores de activación linfocitaria y de la incorporación de BrdU en linfocitos, muestra que LT induce selectivamente la expresión de GITR en linfocitos T, pero no su proliferación. Este efecto es dependiente de la actividad mono-ADPribosiltransferasa de LT, dado que LTK63, un mutante atóxico de LT carente de esta actividad y con un efecto pro-adyuvante reducido, no es capaz de inducir GITR en linfocitos T. Así mismo, otro adyuvante inmunológico ampliamente utilizado en animales de experimentación como el adyuvante completo de Freund, tampoco induce la expresión de GITR en linfocitos T. El tratamiento de ratones adultos con gammaglobulina humana monomérica (GGHM) induce un estado de tolerancia linfocitaria que impide la respuesta frente a la forma inmunogénica del antígeno, la gammaglobulina humana agregada (GGHA). Usando este modelo experimental, observamos que LT, pero no LTK63, bloquea la inducción de tolerancia a la GGH. Un bloqueo similar se observa si se administra DTA-1, un AcM agonista anti-GITR, al mismo tiempo que la GGHM. Por el contrario, LT no bloquea la inducción de tolerancia a la GGH en ratones deficientes en GITR. En conjunto, nuestros resultados demuestran que la inducción de GITR en linfocitos T por LT constituye uno de los mecanismos implicados en la actividad adyuvante de esta toxina.

Published
2008

25. A phase I, randomized, controlled, dose-ranging study of investigational acellular pertussis (aP) and reduced tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (TdaP) booster vaccines in adults

Author

Leroux-Roels, Geert, Lattanzi, Maria, Solis, Claudia Dovali, Contorni, Mario, Costantini, Marco, Moraschini, Luca, Bardelli, Monia, Bertholet, Sylvie, Borgogni, Erica, Buricchi, Francesca, Cantisani, Rocco, Faenzi, Elisa, Finco, Oretta, Leuzzi, Rosanna, Pizza, Mariagrazia, Rosa, Domenico, Schiavetti, Francesca, Seubert, Anja, Spensieri, Fabiana, Volpini, Gianfranco, Zedda, Luisanna, Giudice, Giuseppe Del, and Galgani, Ilaria

Abstract

ABSTRACTDespite high vaccination coverage worldwide, pertussis has re-emerged in many countries. This randomized, controlled, observer-blind phase I study and extension study in Belgium (March 2012–June 2015) assessed safety and immunogenicity of investigational acellular pertussis vaccines containing genetically detoxified pertussis toxin (PT) (NCT01529645; NCT02382913).420 healthy adults (average age: 26.8 ± 5.5 years, 60% female) were randomized to 1 of 10 vaccine groups: 3 investigational aP vaccines (containing pertussis antigens PT, filamentous hemagglutinin [FHA] and pertactin [PRN] at different dosages), 6 investigational TdaP (additionally containing tetanus toxoid [TT] and diphtheria toxoid [DT]), and 1 TdaP comparator containing chemically inactivated PT. Antibody responses were evaluated on days 1, 8, 30, 180, 365, and approximately 3 years post-booster vaccination. Cell-mediated immune responses and PT neutralization were evaluated in a subset of participants in pre-selected groups. Local and systemic adverse events (AEs), and unsolicited AEs were collected through day 7 and 30, respectively; serious AEs and AEs leading to study withdrawal were collected through day 365 post-vaccination.Antibody responses against pertussis antigens peaked at day 30 post-vaccination and then declined but remained above baseline level at approximately 3 years post-vaccination. Responses to FHA and PRN were correlated to antigen dose. Antibody responses specific to PT, toxin neutralization activity and persistence induced by investigational formulations were similar or significantly higher than the licensed vaccine, despite lower PT doses. Of 15 serious AEs, none were considered vaccination-related; 1 led to study withdrawal (premature labor, day 364; aP4 group).This study confirmed the potential benefits of genetically detoxified PT antigen. All investigational study formulations were well tolerated.

Published
2018
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28. Systems biology of immunity to MF59-adjuvanted versus nonadjuvanted trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines in early childhood.

Author

Nakaya, Helder I., Clutterbuck, Elizabeth, Pollard, Andrew J., Kazmin, Dmitri, Cortese, Mario, Pulendran, Bali, Bosinger, Steven E., Lili Wang, Tao Dong, Cerundolo, Vincenzo, Patel, Nirav B., Zak, Daniel E., Aderem, Alan, Giudice, Giuseppe Del, Rappuoli, Rino, and Siegrist, Claire-Anne

Subjects
IMMUNIZATION of children, FLU vaccine efficacy, IMMUNOLOGICAL adjuvants, IMMUNE system, VACCINATION of children, SYSTEMS biology, MOLECULAR biology, ANTIBODY formation
Abstract

The dynamics and molecular mechanisms underlying vaccine immunity in early childhood remain poorly understood. Here we applied systems approaches to investigate the innate and adaptive responses to trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) and MF59- adjuvanted TIV (ATIV) in 90 14- to 24-mo-old healthy children. MF59 enhanced the magnitude and kinetics of serum antibody titers following vaccination, and induced a greater frequency of vaccine specific, multicytokine-producing CD4+ T cells. Compared with transcriptional responses to TIV vaccination previously reported in adults, responses to TIV in infants were markedly attenuated, limited to genes regulating antiviral and antigen presentation pathways, and observed only in a subset of vaccinees. In contrast, transcriptional responses to ATIV boost were more homogenous and robust. Interestingly, a day 1 gene signature characteristic of the innate response (antiviral IFN genes, dendritic cell, and monocyte responses) correlated with hemagglutination at day 28. These findings demonstrate that MF59 enhances the magnitude, kinetics, and consistency of the innate and adaptive response to vaccination with the seasonal influenza vaccine during early childhood, and identify potential molecular correlates of antibody responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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30. Biological importance of the two Toll-like receptors, TLR2 and TLR4, in macrophage response to infection withCandida albicans

Author

Blasi, Elisabetta, primary, Mucci, Anna, additional, Neglia, Rachele, additional, Pezzini, Francesco, additional, Colombari, Bruna, additional, Radzioch, Danuta, additional, Cossarizza, Andrea, additional, Lugli, Enrico, additional, Volpini, Gianfranco, additional, Giudice, Giuseppe Del, additional, and Peppoloni, Samuele, additional

Published
2005
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40. Rationally designed strings of promiscuous CD4+ T cell epitopes provide help toHaemophilus influenzae type b oligosaccharide: a model for new conjugate vaccines

Author

Falugi, Fabiana, primary, Petracca, Roberto, additional, Mariani, Massimo, additional, Luzzi, Enrico, additional, Mancianti, Silvia, additional, Carinci, Valeria, additional, Melli, Maria Luisa, additional, Finco, Oretta, additional, Wack, Andreas, additional, Tommaso, Annalisa Di, additional, Magistris, Maria Teresa De, additional, Costantino, Paolo, additional, Giudice, Giuseppe Del, additional, Abrignani, Sergio, additional, Rappuoli, Rino, additional, and Grandi, Guido, additional

Published
2001
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48. Pump as Turbine (PAT) Design in Water Distribution Network by System Effectiveness.

Author

Carravetta, Armando, Giudice, Giuseppe Del, Fecarotta, Oreste, and Helena M. Ramos

Subjects
WATER distribution, WATER-supply engineering, WATER supply management, WATER pumps, WATER power, HYDRAULICS
Abstract

Water distribution networks face several problems related to leakages, where the pressure control strategy is a common practice for water loss management. Small-scale hydropower schemes, where pumps as turbines replace pressure reducing valves, can be considered an interesting technical solution, which ensures both economic convenience and system flexibility. Due to the water networks' variable operating conditions, a new methodology to model the effectiveness of pumps as turbines was developed based on the efficiency and the mechanical reliability of the hydropower device and the flexibility of the plant. System effectiveness is proposed as the objective function in the optimization procedure and applied to a real system, enabling one to emphasize that the hydraulic regulation mode of the plant is better than the electric regulation mode for American Petroleum Industry (API) manufacturing standards of pumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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49. Mycobacterial heat‐shock proteins as carrier molecules. II: The use of the 70‐kDa mycobacterial heat‐shock protein as carrier for conjugated vaccinescan circumvent the need for adjuvants and Bacillus Calmette Guérin priming)

Author

Barrios, Christy, primary, Lussow, Alexander R., additional, Embden, Jan Van, additional, Zee, Ruurd Van Der, additional, Rappuoli, Rino, additional, Costantino, Paolo, additional, Louis, Jacques A., additional, Lambert, Paul‐Henri, additional, and Giudice, Giuseppe Del, additional

Published
1992
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