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Water-Soluble Conjugated Polymer as a Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring Adenosine Triphosphate Level Fluctuation in Cell Membranes during Cell Apoptosis and in Vivo
- Source :
- Analytical chemistry. 89(17)
- Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used as the energy source in cells and plays crucial roles in various cellular events. The cellular membrane is the protective barrier for the cytoplasm of living cells and involved in many essential biological processes. Many fluorescent probes for ATP have been successfully developed, but few of these probes were appropriate for visualizing ATP level fluctuation in cell membranes during the apoptotic cell death process. Herein, we report the synthesis of a new water-soluble cationic polythiophene derivative that can be utilized as a fluorescent sensor for detecting ATP in cell membranes. Poly((3-((4-methylthiophen-3-yl)oxy)propyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride) (PMTPP) exhibits high sensitivity and good selectivity to ATP, and the detection limit is 27 nM. The polymer shows low toxicity to live cells and excellent photostability in cell membranes. PMTPP was practically utilized for real-time monitoring of ATP levels in the cell membrane through fluorescence microscopy. We have demonstrated that the ATP levels in cell membranes increased during the apoptotic cell death process. The probe was also capable of imaging ATP levels in living mice.
- Subjects :
- Male
Polymers
Transplantation, Heterologous
Mice, Nude
Antineoplastic Agents
Apoptosis
02 engineering and technology
010402 general chemistry
01 natural sciences
Analytical Chemistry
Cell membrane
chemistry.chemical_compound
Mice
Adenosine Triphosphate
Limit of Detection
Cell Line, Tumor
Neoplasms
medicine
Fluorescence microscope
Animals
Humans
Fluorescent Dyes
Cell Membrane
Optical Imaging
Water
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
0104 chemical sciences
Transplantation
medicine.anatomical_structure
Membrane
Biochemistry
chemistry
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Solubility
Cell culture
Cytoplasm
Biophysics
Cisplatin
0210 nano-technology
Energy source
Adenosine triphosphate
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15206882
- Volume :
- 89
- Issue :
- 17
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Analytical chemistry
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....a80130c3f8dda3db1f25f8c0b6e0f74f