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Meat intake in relation to composition and function of gut microbiota.
- Source :
-
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) [Clin Nutr] 2025 Jan 03; Vol. 45, pp. 124-133. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jan 03. - Publication Year :
- 2025
- Publisher :
- Ahead of Print
-
Abstract
- Objective: Meat intake is suggested to affect gut microbiome composition and the risk of chronic diseases. We aimed to identify meat-associated gut microbiome features and their association with host factors.<br />Design: Gut microbiota species were profiled by deep shotgun metagenomics sequencing in 9669 individuals. Intake of white meat, unprocessed red meat, and processed red meat was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The associations of meat intake with alpha-diversity and relative abundance of gut microbiota species were tested using linear regression models with adjustment for dietary fiber intake, body mass index, and other potential confounders. Meat-associated species were further assessed for association with enrichment of microbial gene function, meat-associated plasma metabolites, and clinical biomarkers.<br />Results: Higher intake of processed red meat was associated with reduced alpha microbial diversity. White meat, unprocessed, and processed red meat intakes were associated with 36, 14, and 322 microbiota species, respectively. Species associated with processed red meat were enriched for bacterial pathways like amino acid degradation, while those negatively linked were enriched for pathways like homoacetogenesis. Furthermore, species positively associated with processed red meat were to a large extent associated with reduced trimethylamine N-oxide and glutamine levels but increased creatine and carnitine metabolites, fasting insulin and glucose, C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein A1, and triglyceride levels and higher blood pressure.<br />Conclusion: This largest to date population-based study on meat and gut microbiota suggests that meat intake, particularly processed red meat, may modify the gut microbiota composition, functional capacity, and health-related biomarkers.<br />Competing Interests: Conflict of interest HBN and JBH are employees of Clinical Microbiomics. JS reports direct or indirect stock ownership in companies (Anagram kommunikation AB, Sence Research AB, Symptoms Europe AB, MinForskning AB) providing services to companies and authorities in the health sector including Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer, Eli Lilly, Gilead, GSK, Göteborg University, Itrim, Ipsen, Janssen, Karolinska Institutet, LIF, Linköping University, Novo Nordisk, Parexel, Pfizer, Region Stockholm, Region Uppsala, Sanofi, STRAMA, Takeda, TLV, Uppsala University, Vifor Pharma, WeMindstock ownership in Anagram kommunikation AB and Symptoms Europe AB, unrelated to the present study. JÄ has served on advisory boards for Astella, AstraZeneca, and Boehringer Ingelheim, and has received lecturing fees from AstraZeneca and Novartis, all of which are unrelated to the present work. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.<br /> (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1532-1983
- Volume :
- 45
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 39798223
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2024.12.034