73 results on '"zemlje u razvoju"'
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2. Jugoslavija i ambivalentnost ekonomske saradnje Jug-Jug u sedamdesetim i osamdesetim godinama
- Author
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Jure Ramšak
- Subjects
pokret nesvrstanih ,g-77 ,zemlje u razvoju ,jugoslavija ,dijalog sever-jug ,saradnja jug-jug ,History of Balkan Peninsula ,DR1-2285 - Abstract
Na vrhuncu napora zemalja u razvoju da uspostave Novi međunarodni ekonomski poredak, Jugoslavija je, kao jedna od vodećih članica Pokreta nesvrstanih i Grupe 77 zemalja u razvoju (G-77), nastojala da dokaže da je moguće uspostaviti novi obrazac odnosa između industrijski razvijenih zemalja, kojima je delimično i sama pripadala i saveznika iz ove koalicije, čije su ekonomske baze još uvek bile u fazi izgradnje. U skladu sa određenim dominantnim grupama unutar UN-a, jugoslovenska teorija razvoja spajala je marksistička sa neoklasičnim ekonomskim shvatanjima u ambiciozan program globalne reforme koja je odstupala od stavova kapitalističkih i socijalističkih velesila. Ipak, u isto vreme, ova vizija globalizacije morala je da se nosi sa ideološkim, geopolitičkim i ekonomskim uticajem novonastale neoliberalne revolucije, koja je početkom osamdesetih počela bitno sužavati prostor za manevrisanje. Pored programskih načela sadržanih u zvaničnim dokumentima, ovaj rad prati i konkretne oblike jugoslovenske bilateralne ekonomske saradnje sa pojedinim afričkim zemljama.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Sustainable landscape of cultured meat in developing countries: opportunities, challenges, and sustainable prospects.
- Author
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Guo, Wenxuan and Wiwattanadate, Dawan
- Subjects
- *
LITERATURE reviews , *CONSUMER attitudes , *CONSUMER behavior , *SOCIAL acceptance , *IN vitro meat ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This study aimed to comprehensively examine the research on cultured meat in developing countries over the past decade, focusing on its opportunities and challenges for sustainable meat systems. The research method included a combination of literature review and text mining. The study found that research on cultured meat in developing countries has focused on consumer attitudes and acceptance, cultural factors, and policy and regulation. Consumer purchase intentions, attitudes, and knowledge levels significantly impact the promotion and adoption of cultured meat. At the same time, cultural factors, religious regulations, and sustainability challenges are also important factors affecting the development of cultured meat in developing countries. Furthermore, developing and implementing policy and regulatory frameworks are critical to fostering the development of sustainable meat systems. Through the combination of literature review and text analysis, this study provides an in-depth look at research on cultured meat in developing countries over the past decade. The findings suggest that consumer attitudes, cultural factors, and sustainability challenges are central topics in cultured meat research in developing countries. However, relatively little research has been done on social acceptance, economic feasibility, and technology adoption. These findings provide important insights for policymakers, researchers, and relevant stakeholders in formulating policies and strategies to advance sustainable food systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The impossible trinity of developing countries - the Greek example.
- Author
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Đogo, Marko, Gligorić, Dragan, Grujić, Miloš, and Mekinjić, Boško
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Costs and consumption of analgesics, with special reference to opiates in Serbia and Montenegro from 2015 to 2019.
- Author
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Mladenović, Katarina, Simić, Viktorija Dragojević, Mugoša, Snežana, and Rančić, Nemanja
- Subjects
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ANALGESICS , *NARCOTICS , *MEDICAL equipment , *TRANSDERMAL medication , *DRUG prescribing - Abstract
Background/Aim. Patients in developing countries do not always receive adequate pain-relieving treatment. Monitoring analgesics consumption is of great importance since this can help assess the quality of painful condition management. The aim of this paper was to present a five-year consumption and costs of drugs with analgesic effects in developing countries, exemplified by Serbia and Montenegro, and indicate the main reasons for their (in)adequate prescribing. Methods. The observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in order to analyze the consumption of all analgesics, both opioid and non-opioid, in Serbia and Montenegro, as developing countries. The data concerning analgesic consumption and drug prices were obtained from annual editions of the publications of the Medicines and Medical Devices Agency of Serbia and Montenegro. The World Health Organization methodology with defined daily dose (DDD) as a unit of measure (defined by the number of DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day) was used in these publications. Results. Over the course of five years (from 2015 to 2019) in Serbia, the total allocations for analgesic therapy had a rising trend, from about 43.6 million to 63.3 million euros, while in Montenegro, expenditures showed annual variations with the highest value in 2018. Most of the money in both countries was invested in the M01A group of drugs, for which the highest consumption was also recorded. Significantly higher consumption of opioid analgesics in Montenegro compared with Serbia was observed in the same period, and it predominantly reflected the difference in fentanyl (N02AB03, transdermal patch) prescribing. In Montenegro, consumption of the M01AB group of drugs was prominently higher in comparison to the M01AE drugs group during the whole five-year period, like in Serbia, in which this was not the case just in 2018. Conclusion. Taking into account the importance of analgesics for everyday medical practice, more rational prescribing of these drugs is necessary both in Serbia and Montenegro in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
6. PROTIVRJEČNOSTI GLOBALIZACIJE I TRANZICIJE ZEMALJA ZAPADNOG BALKANA SA POSEBNIM OSVRTOM NA BIH.
- Author
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FOČO, Adnan
- Abstract
Globalization and transition are two processes that have the same goal and that goal is to change the current or existing state. Globalization is change on a global scale while the transition is taking place within one or more countries. Globalization has made the world different. From the first economists Adam Smith and David Ricardo to today's economic theorists, the basis of social change, especially at the global level, is a change in the sphere of economy and in the economic structure of both the developed and the developing countries. Economic changes condition both the social as well as the political changes. These changes do not come one without the other. The common basis and desire of the agents of change is to achieve them in accordance with the set goals and achievements that are desirable for its protagonists. However, changes often take place against the will and expectations of its protagonists and actors. The consequences are often unpredictable although controlled and programmed. The programmed changes are part of the globalization strategy whose actors are developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Empirijsko istraživanje determinanti stranih direktnih investicija u zemljama u razvoju: Studija slučaja zemalja Zapadnog Balkana.
- Author
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Papović, Zoran, Dević, Željko, and Radivojević, Nikola
- Abstract
Copyright of Bankarstvo Magazine is the property of Association of Serbian Banks and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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8. ZNAČAJ UNAPRJEĐENJA SLOBODNE TRGOVINE U ZEMLJAMA U RAZVOJU.
- Author
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Tahirović, Husnija-Beljo
- Abstract
Copyright of Knowledge: International Journal is the property of Institute for Knowledge Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
9. Maternal Mortality Rate and its Causes in the South of Iran.
- Author
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Mirahmadizadeh, Alireza, Moradi, Fariba, Hesami, Elham, Maghsoudi, Ahmad, Mirahmadizadeh, Amin, Seifi, Ali, Kiani, Mahsa, and Moghadami, Mohsen
- Subjects
MATERNAL mortality ,DEATH rate ,ECLAMPSIA ,POSTNATAL care ,WOMEN'S hospitals ,RURAL geography - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis is the property of Nis University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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10. PRODUCTIVITY OF A FARM TRACTOR WITH SINGLE DRUM WINCH DURING WHOLE-TREE TIMBER EXTRACTION.
- Author
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GULCI, Sercan
- Subjects
LOGGING ,FARM tractors ,FORESTS & forestry ,REGRESSION analysis ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Forestry Society of Croatia / Sumarski List Hrvatskoga Sumarskoga Drustva is the property of Forestry Society of Croatia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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11. EMERGING NEEDS IN OSH: A NEW MASTER IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH BY ILO AND UNIVERSITY OF TURIN.
- Author
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Bosio, D., Garzaro, G., Bergamaschi, E., Trombetta, D., Daza, F. M., and Pira, E.
- Subjects
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INDUSTRIAL safety , *BLENDED learning , *HEALTH education ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Public and private sector organizations worldwide are increasingly concerned with improving occupational safety and health (OSH) and increasingly seek skilled OSH professionals. Becoming an OSH professional requires a multidisciplinary training. Since 2012, the University of Turin, along with the International Training Centre of the International Labour Organization (ITCILO), the International Labour Office (ILO) and the International Commission of Occupational Health (ICOH) collected this challenge and opened a master course in OSH. The aim is to assess the consistency and effectiveness of the emerging educational proposal. The proposed programme is opened to participants from both developing and developed countries. Besides a preparatory Internet-based Distance Learning Phase, enabling participants with different backgrounds to reach an adequate level of knowledge, this one-year programme includes a residential period, followed by another distance phase for the preparation of the dissertation. Residential Phase of Turin includes classroom training, study visits to selected enterprises and related training sessions. From 2007 to 2018 more than 300 participants applied first to the Postgraduate course and then to the Master in OSH, with variable occupational backgrounds such as public institutions, private companies and Universities. 65,7% (SD 8,1%) of the participants were enrolled to the Residential Phase, with a mean age of 38 years (SD 7,4), 55,9% (SD 5,2%) achieved the Master Degree. Different evaluation strategies were used. The average satisfaction survey score was high (4,28; SD 0,67). At the end of the training period, participants learnt to manage the use of OSH procedures and techniques and health management systems. The results of the profit and satisfaction questionnaires demonstrate the effectiveness of the course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
12. Testiranje klasičnih teorija strukture kapitala na primjeru hrvatskih velikih poduzeća
- Author
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Ena Pecina
- Subjects
struktura kapitala, teorija kompromisa, teorija hijerarhije financijskih izbora, zemlje u razvoju, velika hrvatska poduzeća ,struktura kapitala ,teorija kompromisa ,teorija hijerarhije financijskih izbora ,zemlje u razvoju ,velika hrvatska poduzeća - Abstract
Svrha ovog rada je ispitati primjenjivost dviju dominantnih teorija strukture kapitala na primjeru hrvatskih velikih poduzeća. Riječ je o teoriji kompromisa i teoriji hijerarhije financijskih izbora, koje su prvenstveno razvijene za velika dionička društva razvijenih zemalja s tržišno orijentiranim financijskim sustavima (poput SAD-a), u kojim uvjetima su najčešće i ispitivane. U ovom radu koriste se modeli razvijeni u radu Shyam-Sunder i Myers (1999), uz nužne modifikacije varijabli. Panel regresijskom analizom na uzorku od 193 velika hrvatska poduzeća za razdoblje od 2004. do 2019. godine, ispituje se efikasnost navedenih teorija, s ciljem utvrđivanja one teorije koja najbolje objašnjava financijsko ponašanje analiziranih poduzeća. Rezultati upućuju da se teorijom kompromisa mogu bolje objasniti formirane strukture kapitala analiziranih poduzeća, odnosno da poduzeća imaju definiranu ciljanu razinu financijskog duga kojoj konvergiraju. Teorija je efikasnija na uzorku kotiranih poduzeća, dok za nekotirana poduzeća teorija gubi eksplanatornu snagu.
- Published
- 2021
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13. EKONOMSKI SUVERENITET U PERIODU FINANSIJSKE GLOBALIZACIJE: POSLJEDNJIH ČETVRT STOLJEĆA.
- Author
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Čaušević, Fikret
- Abstract
Copyright of Economics / Ekonomija is the property of Rifin d.o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
14. EKONOMIJOM DO PLEMENITIH CILJEVA.
- Author
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Pantelić, Svetlana
- Abstract
Copyright of Bankarstvo Magazine is the property of Association of Serbian Banks and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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15. Savremeni trendovi međunarodne ekonomske nejednakosti.
- Author
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DRAGIČEVIĆ, OGNJEN
- Abstract
This article presents results of the research in contemporary trends of international economic inequality. The author argues that international economic inequality is a bidirectional and complex concept. The bidirectionality and complexity of the concept is reflected in the fact that there are countries that concurrently converge to or diverge from the most developed countries in terms of their economic development. The key finding presented here is the rise of economic inequality between countries, especially between the poorest and the richest countries. The exceptions are some countries that have made significant progress in the period from 2000 to 2014 in reducing the economic inequality in comparison to the richest countries. The most important factors that have contributed to their progress are distinctive economic institutions and development policies of those countries, as well as the effects of the financial crisis since 2007-2008, which caused a decade-long stagnation in the most developed parts of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
16. Globalizacija i stanje privrede u Republici Srbiji
- Author
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Mnifid, Abdassalam, Carić, Marko, Kovačević, Maja, and Ožegović, Lazar
- Subjects
tranzicija ,economy ,privreda ,inovacije ,transition ,developing countries ,Globalizacija ,zemlje u razvoju ,Globalization ,innovation - Abstract
Predmet istraţivanja je sagledavanje kompleksnog odnosa izmeĊu fenomena globalizacije svetske privrede i uticaja na privredu Republike Srbije. S obzirom da ĉinjenicu da globalizacija utiĉe na proces tranzicije zemalja centralne i istoĉne Evrope ka trţišnoj ekonomiji, a time i na priliv inostranog kapitala, osnovni cilj istraţivanja usmeren je na analizu uticaja procesa globalizacije na privredni rast i razvoj, a u tom smislu i na finansiranje privrede Republike Srbije.Globalizacijom je Republika Srbija nesumnjivo, postala deo sveta, jaĉa se konkurencija, podiţe se i nivo uvoza i izvoza. Znaĉaj za privredni rast svih zemalja, a posebno zemalja u razvoju i zemalja u tranziciji, a time Republike Srbije, imaju strana ulaganja, koja su znaĉajna u strukturnim promenama proizvodnje i izvoza. U Republici Srbiji je proces tranzicije i formiranja osnova za trţišni naĉin privreĊivanja usporen, zbog oteţanih procesa privatizacije, koja je stvorila uslove za nastanak monopolske trţišne strukture, u nedostatku ĉvrstih zakonskih odredaba. Liberalno organizovano trţište, na kome privredni subjekti ne mogu svojim delovanjem ugroziti proklamovane trţišne slobode, uslovljeno je procesima integracije, regionalizacije i globalizacije, kao i uslovima koje diktiraju i nameću vodeće ekonomije današnjice.Afirmacijom novih informaciono-komunikacionih tehnologija, znaĉaj prostora kao faktora regionalnog rasta i razvoja se znaĉajno smanjio, pri ĉemu su se javile velike promene, poĉev od poimanja regiona, njegove neodvojivosti od geografskog prostora i zajednice u njemu, do poimanja regiona u smislu entiteta. Na znaĉaju dobijaju faktori privrednog rasta razvoja, karakteristiĉni za privreĊivanje u ekonomiji, temeljenoj na znanju i inovacijama. The subject of the research is the perception of the complex relationship between the phenomenon of globalization of the world economy and the impact on the economy of the Republic of Serbia. Given that the fact that globalization affects the process of transition of Central and Eastern European countries to market economies, and thus the inflow of foreign capital, the main goal of the research is to analyze the impact of globalization on economic growth and development, and in that sense to finance the economy. The Republic of Serbia has undoubtedly become a part of the world with globalization, competition is strengthening, and the level of imports andexports is rising. Important for the economic growth of all countries, especially developing countries and countries in transition, and thus the Republic of Serbia, are foreign investments, which are important in the structural changes of production and exports. In the Republic of Serbia, the process of transition and the formation of the basis for the market economy has slowed down, due to the difficult privatization process, which has created the conditions for the emergence of a monopoly market structure, in the absence of strict legal provisions. The liberal organized market, in which economic entities cannot endanger the proclaimed market freedoms, is conditioned by the processes of integration, regionalization and globalization, as well as the conditions dictated and imposed by today's leading economies. and development has decreased significantly, with major changes, starting from the notion of the region, its inseparability from the geographical space and the community in it, to the notion of the region in terms of entities. The factors of economic growth and development, characteristic for the economy in the economy, based on knowledge and innovation, are gaining in importance.
- Published
- 2021
17. ANALYSIS OF CENTRAL ASIA ECONOMIC INTEGRATION PROJECTS FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF CONVERGENCE HYPOTHESIS.
- Author
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Yereli, Ahmet Burçin, Kızıltan, Mustafa, and Atsan, Emre
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Copyright of Socioeconomica is the property of Scientific Society Akroasis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
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18. DIREKTNE STRANE INVESTICIJE U ZEMLJAMA U RAZVOJU SA POSEBNIM OSVRTOM NA ZEMLJE ZAPADNOG BALKANA: DINAMIČKA I STRUKTURNA OBILJEŽJA.
- Author
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Klapić, Muharem and Nuhanović, Amra
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,FOREIGN investments ,CAPITAL movements ,GROSS domestic product ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Copyright of Proceedings of the Conference on the Economy of Integrations (ICEI) 2011 is the property of University of Tuzla, Faculty of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
19. DOLAR KAO SVETSKA REZERVNA VALUTA - IZAZOVI I PERSPEKTIVE.
- Author
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Kovačević, Radovan
- Abstract
Copyright of Bankarstvo Magazine is the property of Association of Serbian Banks and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
20. FINANSIJSKE INOVACIJE (IZVEDENICE) I MOGUĆNOSTI PRIMJENE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI.
- Author
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Rovčanin, Adnan, Hanić, Ma Aida, and Topalović, Amir
- Abstract
Copyright of Business Consultant / Poslovni Konsultant is the property of FINconsult Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
21. Countries in development and international tourism
- Author
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Zorić, Milana and Gržinić, Jasmina
- Subjects
tourism and economy ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Economics. Trade and Tourism ,sustainable development ,comparative analysis ,gospodarski razvoj ,turizam i gospodarstvo ,turizam ,zemlje u razvoju ,economic development ,tourism ,otočne zemlje ,countries in development ,island countries ,komparativna analiza ,održivi razvoj ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Ekonomija. Trgovina i turizam - Abstract
Turizam je jedan od najbrže rastućih sektora u svijetu i često se bira kao strategija razvoja, posebice u zemljama u razvoju. Zemljama u razvoju se smatraju zemlje koje su na niskom stupnju ekonomskoga, političkoga i socijalnoga razvoja s obzirom na postignuti stupanj napretka u suvremenome svijetu, unatoč svojemu prirodnomu bogatstvu i ljudskomu potencijalu. Implementacijom turizma postižu se značajni napreci u pogledu zaposlenja, ravnopravnosti, brzo se dolazi do tvrdih deviza, turizam posredno djeluje na ostale sektore te se postiže rast opće kvalitete života. Kada se govori o negativnim utjecajima najčešće je riječ o ekološko – sociološkoj sferi što se očituje u narušavanju okoliša, rastu kriminala i prostitucije te komercijalizaciji autohtone kulture. Kroz održiv pristup planiranju razvoja mogu se dugoročno postići dobri rezultati koji neće ugrožavati lokalno stanovništvo te dovesti do devastacije lokaliteta. Za potrebe istraživanja je provedena komparativna analiza četiriju otočnih zemalja s različitim turističkim pokazateljima i udjelima turizma u BDP-u. Kroz provedeno istraživanje je dokazano kako za razvoj turizma nije dovoljno bogatstvo resursne osnove već je potrebno planirati njezinu valorizaciju te izgradnju prateće infrastrukture i suprastrukture kako bi se posljedično ekonomski efekti turizma pozitivno odrazili na gospodarstvo zemlje. Tourism is one of the fastest-growing sectors in the world is often chosen as a development strategy, especially in countries in development. Countries in development are countries that despite all their potential have a low level of economic, political and sociological development in comparison to the overall development level in the world. By implementing tourism, significant progress regarding employment, equality, foreign income, general life quality and positive influence on other sectors is being noted. When speaking about negative influences, they are mostly manifested in ecological and sociological spheres of life through environmental issues, growth of crime and prostitution statistics, and commercializing original domestic culture. Through sustainable development planning on a long term basis, good results can be accomplished without endangering locals or their habitat. For research purposes, a comparative analysis of four island states that differ in tourism characteristics and tourism share in countriy´s GDP has been conducted. Through the conducted research in this paper, it is clear that having resources is not enough for tourism development. Activities should be planned in order to protect the resources while building the infrastructure necessary for tourism to develop and consequently make positive economic results that will influence the entire country’s economy.
- Published
- 2020
22. Integracija šumarstva BiH unutar aktivnosti ublažavanja klimatskih promjena: šanse i mogućnosti Kjoto protokola
- Author
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Milan Mataruga
- Subjects
Kyoto protokol ,zemlje u razvoju ,šumarstvo ,međunarodna saradnja ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 ,Architecture ,NA1-9428 - Abstract
Bosna i Hercegovina je 6. aprila 2007. godine ratifikovala Kjoto protokol koji je u odnosu na BiH stupio na snagu 15. jula 2007. godine. Kao zemlja Ne-Aneksa I i sa značajno manjom emisijom gasova efekta staklene bašte u odnosu na 1990. godinu, te pozicijom zemlje u razvoju otvaraju se značajne šanse i mogućnosti za integraciju unutar zajednickih aktivnosti usmjerenih u pravcu ublažavanja klimatskih promjena. Sa šumovitošću preko 50% ukupne površine i značajnim učešćem degradiranih površina (goleti, krša, napuštenih površina kao posljedice migracije stanovništa) BiH predstavlja značajan partner u napred navedenim aktivnostima. Kroz navedene trenutne aktivnosti, kao i one koje je u narednom periodu potrebno sto prije realizovati, sa akcentom na sektor šumarstva, iste predstavljaju dobar primjer internacionalne saradnje zemalja u razvoju u implementaciji Kjoto protokola.
- Published
- 2008
23. ZEMLJE U RAZVOJU I POLITIKA U OBLASTI KLIMATSKIh PROMENA.
- Author
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TODIĆ, Dragoljub and GRBIĆ, Vladimir
- Abstract
Copyright of Medunarodni Problemi is the property of Institute of International Politics & Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
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24. STRANE DIREKTNE INVESTICIJE (SDI) U ZEMLJAMA U RAZVOJU S POSEBNIM OSVRTOM NA ZEMLJE JUGOISTOČNE EUROPE.
- Author
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Klapič, Muharem, Omerhodžič, Sead, and Nuhanović, Amra
- Subjects
FOREIGN investments ,CAPITAL movements ,INVESTORS ,ECONOMIC development ,GLOBALIZATION - Abstract
Copyright of Ekonomski Vjesnik is the property of Ekonomski Vjesnik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
25. POREZNE REFORME: POUKE I PREPORUKE IZ ISKUSTVA ZEMALJA ČLANICA OECD-A I ZEMALJA U RAZVOJU.
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Sudžuka, Edina
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TAX reform ,TAXATION ,CORPORATE taxes ,TAX rates ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact charges ,ENERGY consumption ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Copyright of Godišnjak Pravnog Fakulteta u Sarajevu is the property of Godisnjak Pravnog Fakulteta u Sarajevu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
26. Društveno odgovorno poslovanje -- kompanijski pristup.
- Author
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Gregory, Anne and Tafra-Vlahović, Majda
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SOCIAL responsibility of business ,EMERGING markets ,DEMOCRACY ,FOREIGN investments - Abstract
Copyright of Medianali is the property of University of Dubrovnik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
27. ULOGA MEÐUNARODNOG MONETARNOG FONDA (MMF-a) U PODSTICANJU RAZVOJA NERAZVIJENIH ZEMALJA.
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Rička, Željko and Kožarić, Amra
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INTERNATIONAL finance ,FINANCIAL markets ,ECONOMIC stabilization ,ECONOMIC development ,DEVELOPING countries ,DEVELOPED countries - Abstract
Copyright of Economic Review: Journal of Economics & Business / Ekonomska Revija: Casopis za Ekonomiju i Biznis is the property of University of Tuzla, Faculty of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
28. PRIORITETI SPOLJNOPOLITIČKE STRATEGIJE REPUBLIKE SRBIJE.
- Author
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Đukanović, Dragan and Lađevac, Ivona
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INTERNATIONAL relations ,POLITICAL participation - Abstract
Copyright of Medunarodni Problemi is the property of Institute of International Politics & Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
29. Finansijska globalizacija: Ponovna procena.
- Author
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Kose, M. Ayhan, Prasad, Eswar, Rogoff, Kenneth, and Shang-Jin Wei
- Abstract
Copyright of Panoeconomicus is the property of Economists' Association of Vojvodina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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30. Proizvodnost adaptiranog poljoprivrednog traktora s jednobubanjskim vitlom tijekom privlačenja drva stablovnom metodom
- Author
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Sercan Gülci
- Subjects
Tree (data structure) ,Mountainous forests ,forest harvesting ,farm tractor ,productivity ,whole-tree method ,developing countries ,Forest harvesting ,Environmental science ,Forestry ,Extraction (military) ,Agricultural engineering ,Drum ,planinske šume ,pridobivanje drva ,poljoprivredni traktor ,proizvodnost ,stablovna metoda ,zemlje u razvoju ,Winch ,Productivity ,Farm tractor - Abstract
In forested areas with difficult terrain conditions the cost of forest harvesting operations is of great importance. This situation affects the technology standards of tools and equipment used in forestry operations. Especially in developing countries modified farm tractors are widely used as effective tools for transporting timber from stump to landing areas. In this study, productivity of the farm tractor with front-mounted single drum winch designed for multipurpose use in forestry operations was evaluated during whole-tree harvesting operation. The total cost of used system (tractor and winch) is approximately 19580 € (Euro). Time and motion study was implemented by using repetitive time measurement technique during two step timber extraction operation. The effects of main factors such as tree diameter, height, volume, and skidding distance on the total operation time were investigated and then linear regression analysis was performed to develop the mathematical models for whole-tree extraction methods. Time study data resulted that winching trees to the prebunching area was the most time consuming work stage in uphill winching method while skidding trees backward to landing was less time consuming work stage in skidding method. The average productivity of uphill winching and skidding whole-tree was as 12.98 m3/hour and 14.30 m3/hour, respectively. The cost of uphill winching and skidding was 10.77 €/hour and 11.87 €/hour, respectively. It can be concluded that the single-drum hydraulic system, which is mounted on the front of the tractor, can be used as an alternative harvesting equipment especially for uphill winching operations in small scale forestry operations., U pošumljenim područjima s nedostupnim terenom troškovi pridobivanja drva izrazito su važni. To utječe na razinu mehaniziranosti u šumarstvu. Adaptirani poljoprivredni traktori u širokoj su uporabi, posebice u zemljama u razvoju, kao učinkovita sredstva za prijevoz trupaca ili debla od mjesta sječe do stovarišta. U ovom istraživanju procijenjena je proizvodnost adaptiranog poljoprivrednog traktora s jednobubanjskim vitlom smještenim s prednje strane vozila. Ukupni troškovi tog sustava (traktora i vitla) iznose otprilike 19580 € (Eura). Primijenjena je studija rada i vremena povratnom metodom tijekom dvofazne operacije privlačenja drva. Ispitani su učinci glavnih čimbenika kao što su promjer, visina, obujam i udaljenost privlačenja drva na ukupno vrijeme rada te je napravljena linearna regresijska analiza kako bi se razvio matematički model privlačenja drva. Podaci iz studije vremena pokazali su da privitlavanje debla do primarnog sakupljališta zahtijeva najviše vremena tijekom samog privitlavanja drva uzbrdo, dok je privlačenje debla do stovarišta zahtijevalo najviše vremena tijekom privlačenja drva općenito. Prosječna je proizvodnost sakupljanja drva uz nagib 12.98 m3/sat, a privlačenje drva kretanjem unatrag 14.30 m3/sat. Troškovi sakupljanja drva vitlom uz nagib iznose 10.77 €/sat, a privlačenje drva 11.87 €/sat. Može se zaključiti da se hidraulički sustav s jednobubanjskim vitlom, postavljen s prednje strane adaptiranog poljoprivrednog traktora, može koristiti kao alternativna oprema za pridobivanje drva, posebice kod operacija privitlavanja uzbrdo.
- Published
- 2020
31. Analiza tijekova inozemnih izravnih ulaganja nakon globalne ekonomske krize
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Škojc, Matea and Kersan-Škabić, Ines
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FDI motives ,global economic crisis ,transition countries ,inozemne izravne investicije ,financial crisis ,foreign direct investment ,motivi FDI ,developing countries ,zemlje u razvoju ,roles of the multinational companies in FDI ,multinacionalnih kompanija ,globalna ekonomska kriza ,strategije FDI ,uzroci financijskih kriza ,FDI strategies ,tranzicijske zemlje ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Economics. International Economics ,developed countries ,razvijene zemlje ,uloge ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Ekonomija. Međunarodna ekonomija - Abstract
Inozemna izravna ulaganja (foreign direct investment – FDI) nastaju kada rezidenti jedne zemlje postanu vlasnikom 10 ili više posto nekog poduzeća u drugoj zemlji. Inozemna izravna ulaganja se mogu podijeliti na ona koja stvaraju potpuno novu proizvodnu imovinu (greenfield investicije) i na ona kojima se ulaže u već postojeću proizvodnu imovinu (brownfield investicije). Nakon opisa osnovnih obilježja, motiva, strategija privlačenja FDI i uloge multinacionalnih kompanija u FDI, slijedi objašnjenje uzroka financijskih kriza s posebnim osvrtom na globalnu financijsku krizu. Nakon toga slijedi analiza inozemnih izravnih ulaganja netom prije i nakon globalne ekonomske krize u svijetu, na svjetskoj razini, u razvijenim zemljama, zemljama u razvoju i tranzicijskim zemljama. U konačnici, inozemna izravna ulaganja su važna jer nude brojne mogućnosti različitim državama, s ciljem unaprjeđenja gospodarskog rasta i razvoja. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) occurs when the resident of a country becomes the owner of 10 or more percent of an enterprise in another country. Foreign direct investments can be divided into those that create completely new production assets (greenfield investments) and those who invest in already existing productive assets (brownfield investments). After describing the basic features, motives, strategies for attracting FDI and the roles of multinational companies in FDI, there will be an explanation of the causes of financial crises with a special focus on and the global financial crisis. After that, there will be an analysis of foreign direct investment before and after the global economic crisis in the world, in developed countries, developing countries and transition countries. Foreign direct investment are important because they offer numerous opportunities to different countries, with a goal to improve their economic growth and development.
- Published
- 2019
32. Brain drain from developing countries
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Ognjan, Andrea and Bušelić, Marija
- Subjects
education ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Ekonomija. Opća ekonomija ,odljev mozgova [Ključne riječi] ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Economics. General Economy ,obrazovanje ,brain drain ,developing countries ,zemlje u razvoju - Abstract
Migracije stanovništva svoje začetke bilježe u dalekoj prošlosti. Glavni pokretač migracija je težnja za boljim uvjetima života. One predstavljaju svakodnevan događaj i proces koji se negativno odražava na globalno tržište rada i radne snage. Uzroci migriranja mogu se odrediti kroz potisne razloge zbog kojih pojedinci napuštaju zemlju (pushfactors) i privlačne razloge zbog kojih pojedinci odabiru neku drugu, konkretnu zemlju (pullfactors). Migracije mogu biti uzrokovane ekonomskim, političkim i geografskim čimbenicima. Specifičan oblik migracija je odlazak visokoobrazovanih stručnjaka, znanstvenika i intelektualaca popularno nazivanog „odljev mozgova“. Odljev mozgova je termin koji plijeni sve više pažnje u kojem mladi, obrazovani, kreativni i perspektivni ljudski potencijali napuštaju granice matične zemlje u potrazi za samoostvarenjem svojih životnih potreba i ciljeva. Visokoobrazovani ljudi nositelji su razvoja cjelokupnog gospodarstva i napretka neke zemlje. Aktualnost ovoga trenda, njegov globalni razmjer i nedovoljno istraženi uzroci glavni su razlozi u odabiru izbora teme. Odljev mozgova najčešće se javlja u nerazvijenim zemljama koje se bore sa velikom stopom nezaposlenošću, niskim plaćama, nesigurnim radnim mjestima i lošim životnim uvjetima. Najčešći je odljev iz zemalja u razvoju u razvijene zemlje. Problem odljeva mozgova i dalje predstavlja globalni problem, te postoje mnogi negativni utjecaji na zemlje iz koje se migranti iseljavaju te je najočitiji negativan utjecaj gubitak visokoobrazovanih radnika tj. smanjenje ljudskog kapitala koji može negativno utjecati na gospodarski rast zemlje. Odljev mozgova, kao proces prostornog razmještaja obrazovanih ljudskih potencijala, predstavlja proces koji zahtjeva sve veću pozornost, brigu i razumijevanje odgovornih pojedinaca i svih nas. Population migration has its beginning in the far past. Main driver for migrations is search for better life conditions. They represent everyday processes that are having a negative impact on the global workforce market. Cause of migrations can be determined through the reasons why individuals are leaving a country (push factors) and through attracting reasons for which individuals are choosing another country (pull factors). Migrations can be caused by economic, political and geographical factors. Specificform of migration is move of highly educated experts, scientists and intellectuals, popularly named “brain drain”. Brain drain is a term that is getting more attention because young, educated, creative and perspective human potential is leaving borders oftheir home country in search for self-realization of their own life needs and goals. Highly educated people are cornerstone for economic development 69and progress of a country. Relevance of this trend, its global impact and lack of causes research are the main reasons for choosing this thesis. Brain drain is happening most often in undeveloped countries that are dealing with high unemployment rates, low wages, unsecure work positions and bad living conditions. The most common migration is from an undeveloped to a developed country. Problem of brain drain is still a global issue, there are many negative impacts on countries from which migrants are moving out and the most obvious impact loss of highly education workforce i.e. reduction in human resources that can have a negative impact on country’s economic development. Brain drain, as a process of spatial distribution of educated human potentials, presents process that requires greater attention, care and understanding from responsible individuals and society in general.
- Published
- 2019
33. The impact of the financial system on economic growth
- Author
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Golubić, Mateja and Đukec, Damira
- Subjects
financijski sustav ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Economics. Finance ,financial system ,financijski sektor ,developed countries ,developing countries ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Ekonomija. Financije ,razvijene zemlje ,zemlje u razvoju ,financial sector ,economic growth ,ekonomski rast - Abstract
Veza između financijskog razvitka i gospodarskog rasta odavno je predmet razmišljanja ekonomista. Financijski sustav obavlja bitnu ekonomsku funkciju usmjeravanja sredstava od onih koji štede prema onima koji su potrošači. Financijski sektor obavlja šest najvažnijih zadataka koji su bitni na razini ekonomije u cjelini i na razini tvrtke. Financijski sustavi trebaju se razvijati uravnoteženo, kako kroz bankarske, tako i nebankarske podsektore. Spomenuti financijski zadaci ostvaruju se prvenstveno kroz financijske institucije koje su uz financijske instrumente i financijska tržišta tri najznačajnija elementa financijskog sustava. Razvojne i druge specijalizirane bankarske organizacije u svijetu bave se određenim bankarskim zahtjevima, a imaju za cilj da po povoljnijim uslovima financiraju projekte sa visokim eksternim efektima koji će doprinijeti većem uključivanju brojnih privrednih subjekata u njihovu realizaciju i ostvarivanje bržeg razvoja zemlje. Rad hrvatskog financijskog sustava nadzire i regulira Hrvatska narodna banka. Financijski sustav Republike Hrvatske je bankovno orijentiran, te RH nema razvijeno financijsko tržište. Hrvatski financijski sustav je stabilan i polako se oporavlja od prethodnih kriza zahvaljujući HNB koja svojim operacijama na međunarodnim financijskim tržištima tu stabilnost održava. Brojni doprinosi u literaturi sugeriraju da stabilnost financijskog sustava promovira ekonomski rast, ali ne nalazimo točne dokaze koji podupiru tu tvrdnju. Zbog toga su u budućnosti potrebna daljnja istraživanja. The link between financial development and economic growth has long been the subject of economist thinking. The financial system performs an essential economic function of routing funds from those who save to those who are consumers. The financial sector performs six most important tasks at the level of the economy as a whole and at the enterprise level. Financial systems need to be developed in a balanced way, both through banking and non-banking subsectors. These financial tasks are realized primarily through financial institutions that, along with financial instruments and financial markets, are the three most important elements of the financial system. Developing and other specialized banking organizations around the world are dealing with certain banking requirements, and aim to finance projects with high external effects under more favorable conditions, which will contribute to greater involvement of many economic entities in their realization and realization of faster development of the country. The work of the Croatian financial system is supervised and regulated by the Croatian National Bank. The financial system of the Republic of Croatia is bank-oriented, and the Republic of Croatia has no developed financial market. The Croatian financial system is stable and it is slowly recovering from the previous crises thanks to the CNB, which maintains its operations in international financial markets. Numerous contributions in the literature suggest that the stability of the financial system promotes economic growth, but we do not find the exact evidence that supports this claim. That is why further research is needed in the future.
- Published
- 2019
34. Modeliranje veza makroekonomskih pokazatelja i ekonomska politika u funkciji dinamiziranja privrednog rasta
- Author
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Lojanica, Nemanja M., Obradović, Saša, Đorđević, Miroslav, Veselinović, Petar, and Cvetanović, Slobodan
- Subjects
ekonomska politika ,economic policy ,ekonometrijski modeli ,Republic of Serbia ,makreokonomske varijable ,Republika Srbija ,econometric models ,privredni rast ,developing countries ,zemlje u razvoju ,macroeconomic variables ,economic growth - Abstract
Uobičajena je praksa da se prilikom iskazivanja uspešnosti nacionalne ekonomije, kao mera privredne aktivnosti koristi stopa ekonomskog rasta. Sa tim u vezi, postizanje visokih i stabilnih stopa privrednog rasta nameće se kao ultimativni cilj, naročito u zemljama u razvoju. Kako bi se unapredila dinamika rasta, neophodno je adekvatno upravljanje faktorima koji ga determinišu. Modeliranje povezanosti ključnih makroekonomskih varijabli je od višestrukog značaja, u kontekstu dinamiziranja stopa privrednog rasta. Predmet doktorske disertacije odnosi se na ispitivanje ključnih faktora koji generišu privredni rast. Predmet istraživanja je usmeren i na utvrđivanje potencijalnih veza makroekonomskih varijabli i ekonomskog rasta. U fokusu pažnje se nalaze instrumenti monetarne i fiskalne politike, odnosno njihova uloga u postizanju makroekonomske stabilnosti i osnaživanju performansi rasta. Osnovni cilj istraživanja jeste da se na bazi relevantne teorijsko-metodološke i empirijske analize, ispita statistička značajnost i jačina uticaja odgovarajućih determinanti privrednog rasta na ukupnu ekonomsku aktivnost. Teorijskom analizom i empirijskim testiranjem osnovnih modela privrednog rasta, ustanovljeno je da humani kapital, reprezentovan u vidu ulaganja u obrazovanje, kao i sektor za istraživanje i razvoj, predstavljaju generatore privrednog rasta kako u razvijenim, tako i u zemljama u razvoju. Pored toga, na primeru Republike Srbije je pokazano da je održivi ekonomski rast u dugom roku, moguć na bazi povećanog udela investicija u strukturi agregatne tražnje, pri čemu veći udeo istih treba da bude baziran na domaćim izvorima finansiranja. Imajući u vidu da ekonomska politika predstavlja neophodan instrument za postizanje makroekonomske stabilnosti, na primeru Republike Srbije su ispitani efekti monetarne i fiskalne politike na privredni rast, dok je na primeru zemalja Jugoistočne Evrope ispitana međuzavisnost ključnih makroekonomskih pokazatelja. Ključni rezultat modeliranja makroekonomskih varijabli odnosi se na pozitivan uticaj inflacije na privredni rast, i u kratkom i u dugom roku. Stoga, pred nosiocima monetarne politike u zemljama Jugoistočne Evrope je veoma osetljiv zadatak, koji se odnosi na ciljano povećanje ekonomske aktivnosti uz istovremenu konzistentnost sa održavanjem stabilne i niske inflacije u dugom roku. Analiziranjem transmisionog mehanizma monetarne politike u privredi Srbije, ustanovljeno je da devizni kurs i dalje predstavlja osnovni kanal transmisije, kao i da eksterni šokovi vrše značajan uticaj na kretanje privredne aktivnosti. Posmatrajući fiskalni aspekt, pokazano je da povećano učešće državnih izdataka u strukturi agregatne tražnje, ne vrši trajni i pozitivni uticaj na ekonomski rast. Kao potencijalni razlozi, nameću se slaba produktivnost javne administracije, kao i viši nivo koruptivnih aktivnosti. Na kraju, treba istaći da dobijeni empirijski rezultati treba da pruže koristan okvir donosiocima ekonomskih odluka u zemljama u razvoju, prilikom koncipiranja odgovarajuće sektorske strukture nacionalne ekonomije. Pored toga, empirijski rezultati u vezi sa efektima i razvojnim funckijama monetarne i fiskalne politike u Republici Srbiji, mogu poslužiti kao preporuke nosiocima ekonomske politike za sprovođenje odgovarajućih mera, u cilju osnaživanja performansi privrednog rasta. ABSTRACT: It is a common practice to use economic growth rates as a measure of economic activities when the performance of a national economy is to be presented. Thus, the ultimate goal, especially for developing countries, has been to achieve high and stable economic growth rates. Such goals can be reached only by adequately managing the factors which determine the growth. The modelling of relations among key macroeconomic variables has numerous advantages. The doctoral dissertation aims at examination of key macroeconomic variables which influence economic growth and to determine their potential links. The main emphasis is on the instruments of monetary and fiscal policy and their role in achieving macroeconomic stability and enhancing growth performances. The main goal of the research is to determine statistical significance and strength of impact which the determinants of economic growth have based on the overall economic activity with relevant theoretical, methodological and empirical analysis. Theoretical analysis and empirical testing have shown that human capital, represented as investments in education, research and development sector, are generators of economic growth in both developed and developing countries. In addition, the research has shown that in case of the Republic of Serbia sustainable long-term economic growth is possible with an increased share of investments in the structure of aggregate demand when such an increase is based on domestic sources of financing. Since economic policy is a necessary instrument for achieving macroeconomic stability, the study has examined the effects of monetary and fiscal policy on economic growth on the example of the Republic of Serbia while the interdependence between macroeconomic indicators has been examined in case of the countries of Southeast Europe. The main finding of the modeling of macroeconomic variables is the positive impact of inflation on economic growth both in short and long term. Thus the monetary policy makers in the countries of this region have an extremely sensitive task which requires targeted increase of economic activity with simultaneous consistency in maintaining stable and low inflation in the long run. The analysis of the transmission mechanisms of monetary policy in Serbian economy has shown that foreign exchange rate has still been the main channel of transmission and that external shocks have a significant impact on the dynamics of economic activity. The analysis of the fiscal aspect has revealed that an increased share of country’s expenses in the structure of aggregate demand does not have a permanent and positive influence on economic growth. The potential reasons are the low productivity of the public administration and a higher level of corruptive activities. Finally, it should be emphasized that empirically obtained results should provide a valuable frame to fiscal policy makers in developing countries when the concepts of sector structure in a national economy are being created. Besides, empirical results concerning effects and development functions of both monetary and fiscal policy in the Republic of Serbia can serve as a recommendations to policy makers in implementing and managing adequate measures in enhancing economic growth performances.
- Published
- 2018
35. Modeliranje veza makroekonomskih pokazatelja i ekonomska politika u funkciji dinamiziranja privrednog rasta
- Author
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Obradović, Saša, Đorđević, Miroslav, Veselinović, Petar, Cvetanović, Slobodan, Lojanica, Nemanja M., Obradović, Saša, Đorđević, Miroslav, Veselinović, Petar, Cvetanović, Slobodan, and Lojanica, Nemanja M.
- Abstract
Uobičajena je praksa da se prilikom iskazivanja uspešnosti nacionalne ekonomije, kao mera privredne aktivnosti koristi stopa ekonomskog rasta. Sa tim u vezi, postizanje visokih i stabilnih stopa privrednog rasta nameće se kao ultimativni cilj, naročito u zemljama u razvoju. Kako bi se unapredila dinamika rasta, neophodno je adekvatno upravljanje faktorima koji ga determinišu. Modeliranje povezanosti ključnih makroekonomskih varijabli je od višestrukog značaja, u kontekstu dinamiziranja stopa privrednog rasta. Predmet doktorske disertacije odnosi se na ispitivanje ključnih faktora koji generišu privredni rast. Predmet istraživanja je usmeren i na utvrđivanje potencijalnih veza makroekonomskih varijabli i ekonomskog rasta. U fokusu pažnje se nalaze instrumenti monetarne i fiskalne politike, odnosno njihova uloga u postizanju makroekonomske stabilnosti i osnaživanju performansi rasta. Osnovni cilj istraživanja jeste da se na bazi relevantne teorijsko-metodološke i empirijske analize, ispita statistička značajnost i jačina uticaja odgovarajućih determinanti privrednog rasta na ukupnu ekonomsku aktivnost. Teorijskom analizom i empirijskim testiranjem osnovnih modela privrednog rasta, ustanovljeno je da humani kapital, reprezentovan u vidu ulaganja u obrazovanje, kao i sektor za istraživanje i razvoj, predstavljaju generatore privrednog rasta kako u razvijenim, tako i u zemljama u razvoju. Pored toga, na primeru Republike Srbije je pokazano da je održivi ekonomski rast u dugom roku, moguć na bazi povećanog udela investicija u strukturi agregatne tražnje, pri čemu veći udeo istih treba da bude baziran na domaćim izvorima finansiranja. Imajući u vidu da ekonomska politika predstavlja neophodan instrument za postizanje makroekonomske stabilnosti, na primeru Republike Srbije su ispitani efekti monetarne i fiskalne politike na privredni rast, dok je na primeru zemalja Jugoistočne Evrope ispitana međuzavisnost ključnih makroekonomskih pokazatelja. Ključni rezultat modeliranja m, It is a common practice to use economic growth rates as a measure of economic activities when the performance of a national economy is to be presented. Thus, the ultimate goal, especially for developing countries, has been to achieve high and stable economic growth rates. Such goals can be reached only by adequately managing the factors which determine the growth. The modelling of relations among key macroeconomic variables has numerous advantages. The doctoral dissertation aims at examination of key macroeconomic variables which influence economic growth and to determine their potential links. The main emphasis is on the instruments of monetary and fiscal policy and their role in achieving macroeconomic stability and enhancing growth performances. The main goal of the research is to determine statistical significance and strength of impact which the determinants of economic growth have based on the overall economic activity with relevant theoretical, methodological and empirical analysis. Theoretical analysis and empirical testing have shown that human capital, represented as investments in education, research and development sector, are generators of economic growth in both developed and developing countries. In addition, the research has shown that in case of the Republic of Serbia sustainable long-term economic growth is possible with an increased share of investments in the structure of aggregate demand when such an increase is based on domestic sources of financing. Since economic policy is a necessary instrument for achieving macroeconomic stability, the study has examined the effects of monetary and fiscal policy on economic growth on the example of the Republic of Serbia while the interdependence between macroeconomic indicators has been examined in case of the countries of Southeast Europe. The main finding of the modeling of macroeconomic variables is the positive impact of inflation on economic growth both in short and long term. Thus the monet
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- 2018
36. Oblikovanje strukture kapitala i identifikacija ograničenja financiranja hrvatskih poduzeća
- Author
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Pecina, Ena
- Subjects
struktura kapitala ,teorija kompromisa ,teorija hijerarhije financijskih izbora ,determinante strukture kapitala ,financijska poluga ,ograničenja financiranja, hrvatska poduzeća ,zemlje u razvoju ,panel modeli ,fiksni efekti - Abstract
Istraživanje doktorske disertacije usmjereno je na analizu oblikovanja strukture kapitala i identifikaciju ograničenja financiranja hrvatskih poduzeća. Preciznije, istražuje se primjenjivost postojećih teorijskih pretpostavki i modela strukture kapitala na primjeru hrvatskih poduzeća, identificiraju ključne determinante financijske poluge, sve uz uvažavanje specifičnosti hrvatskog gospodarstva, uključujući i najvažnije prepreke eksternom financiranju s kojima se poduzeća susreću. Obuhvat istraživanja je, u odnosu na najveći dio dosadašnjih studija, proširen s velikih dioničkih društava na privatna poduzeća, te na skupinu malih i srednjih poduzeća, što dozvoljava da se zaključci izvode kao opći. Primjenom panel regresijske analize na gotovo 3000 poduzeća, za razdoblje od 2004. do 2015. godine, testiraju se modeli teorije kompromisa i teorije hijerarhije financijskih izbora, razvijeni u radu Shyam–Sunder i Myers (1999). Istom metodologijom identificiraju se ključne determinante, njihova značajnost i smjer utjecaja na financijsku polugu poduzeća, pri čemu su determinante klasificirane u tri skupine: (1) determinante na razini obilježja zemlje, (2) determinante na razini obilježja poduzeća, te (3) determinante na razini karakteristika donosioca odluka o financiranju. Na koncu se utvrđuju najvažnija ograničenja financiranja, te njihov utjecaj na oblikovanje strukture kapitala poduzeća, ovisno o dostupnim instrumentima financiranja, po pojedinim kategorijama poduzeća. Zaključci rada mogu se sažeti u sljedećem: (1) u promatranom razdoblju, postojeće teorije strukture kapitala efikasne su u objašnjenju oblikovanja strukture kapitala analiziranih hrvatskih poduzeća, (2) za najveći broj godina i za poduzeća različitih karakteristika, dominantnom, no ne isključivom, pokazuje se teorija hijerarhije financijskih izbora, (3) uočeni obrasci financijskog ponašanja poduzeća rezultat su ponajprije makroekonomskih uvjeta poslovanja, a potom pojedinih obilježja samog poduzeća i njihove financijske politike, (4) ključne determinante financijske poluge pronalaze se u svim analiziranim skupinama determinanti, (5) identificirana ograničenja financiranja različitim intenzitetom utječu na oblikovanje strukture kapitala poduzeća, međusobno različitima prema veličini i organizacijskom obliku.
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- 2018
37. Emerging needs in OSH: a new master in occupational safety and health by ILO and University of Turin
- Author
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Davide Bosio, Giacomo Garzaro, Enrico Bergamaschi, Daniela Trombetta, Félix Martín Daza, and Enrico Pira
- Subjects
occupational safety and health ,health education and training ,blended learning ,developing countries ,International Labour Organization ,zaštita na radu ,osposobljavanje u zaštiti zdravlja ,vezano učenje ,zemlje u razvoju ,Međunarodna organizacija rada - Abstract
Javne i privatne organizacije diljem svijeta sve se više bave unapređenjem zaštite na radu i u stalnoj su potrazi za obrazovanim stručnjacima. Stručnjakom zaštite na radu postaje se tijekom multidisciplinarnog osposobljavanja. Od 2012. Sveučilište u Torinu u suradnji s Međunarodnim centrom za osposobljavanje pri Međunarodnoj organizaciji rada (ITC-ILO) i Međunarodnoj komisiji za zaštitu na radu (ICOH) odgovorilo je na izazov i otvorilo studij na razini magisterija iz zaštite na radu. Cilj je utvrditi sustavnost i učinkovitost predloženog obrazovanja. Program je otvoren sudionicima iz razvijenih zemalja i zemalja u razvoju. Pored pripremne obrazovne faze putem interneta kojom sudionici različitih predznanja postižu odgovarajuću razinu znanja, ovaj program uključuje i rezidencijalni dio, na koji se nastavlja još jedno razdoblje učenja na daljinu kao priprema za disertaciju. Rezidencijalna faza u Torinu sastoji se od rada u učionici, studijskih posjeta odabranim poduzećima i, s tim u vezi, odgovarajućem osposobljavanju. Između 2007. i 2018. više od 300 sudionika prijavilo se za postdiplomski studij, a zatim za magisterij iz zaštite na radu. Dolazili su iz različitih sredina: javnih institucija, privatnih tvrtki i sveučilišta. Sudionika 65,7 % (SD 8,1%) upisalo je rezidencijalni program, a prosječna im je dob bila 38 godina (SD 7,4), 55,9 % (SD 5,2) završilo je magisterij. Korištene su različite strategije vrednovanja programa. Proječna ocjena zadovoljstva bila je visoka (4,28; SD 0,67). Na kraju osposobljavanja sudionici su naučili upravljati postupcima i tehnikama zaštite na radu kao i sustavima upravljanja zdravljem. Rezultati upitnika o učinkovitosti programa pokazuju korisnost i zadovoljstvo programom., Public and private sector organizations worldwide are increasingly concerned with improving occupational safety and health (OSH) and increasingly seek skilled OSH professionals. Becoming an OSH professional requires a multidisciplinary training. Since 2012, the University of Turin, along with the International Training Centre of the International Labour Organization (ITC-ILO), the International Labour Office (ILO) and the International Commission of Occupational Health (ICOH) collected this challenge and opened a master course in OSH. The aim is to assess the consistency and effectiveness of the emerging educational proposal. The proposed programme is opened to participants from both developing and developed countries. Besides a preparatory Internet-based Distance Learning Phase, enabling participants with different backgrounds to reach an adequate level of knowledge, this one-year programme includes a residential period, followed by another distance phase for the preparation of the dissertation. Residential Phase of Turin includes classroom training, study visits to selected enterprises and related training sessions. From 2007 to 2018 more than 300 participants applied first to the Postgraduate course and then to the Master in OSH, with variable occupational backgrounds such as public institutions, private companies and Universities. 65,7% (SD 8,1%) of the participants were enrolled to the Residential Phase, with a mean age of 38 years (SD 7,4), 55,9% (SD 5,2%) achieved the Master Degree. Different evaluation strategies were used. The average satisfaction survey score was high (4,28; SD 0,67). At the end of the training period, participants learnt to manage the use of OSH procedures and techniques and health management systems. The results of the profit and satisfaction questionnaires demonstrate the effectiveness of the course.
- Published
- 2018
38. DETERMINANTE KREDITNOG REJTINGA RAZVIJENIH ZEMALJA I ZEMALJA U RAZVOJU : Diplomski rad
- Author
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Galić, Mario and Visković, Josip
- Subjects
determinante kreditnog rejtinga ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Economics. Finance ,credit rating determinants ,developed countries ,developing countries ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Ekonomija. Financije ,kreditni rejting ,razvijene zemlje ,zemlje u razvoju ,credit rating - Abstract
Kreditni rejting neke zemlje je značajan pokazatelj razvijenosti i kao takav ima značajnu ulogu za tu zemlju. Nositelji ekonomske politike nastoje ostvariti što bolji kreditni rejting, a da bi to ostvarili potrebno je utvrditi koje su determinante koje značajno djeluju na kreditni rejting. Determinante koje značajno utječu na kreditni rejting nisu iste za svaku zemlju. U ovom radu najprije se teorijski, a zatim i empirijski utvrđuje značaj pojedinih determinati za kreditni rejting razvijenih i zemalja u razvoju. Cilj teorijskog dijela rada je utvrđivanje značaja kreditnih agencija za financijsko tržište te analiziranje ranijih istraživanja u cilju boljeg interpretiranja rezultata dobivenih empirijskim istraživanjem. Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja je dokazivanje jesu li determinante, navedene u dvjema hipotezama, ključne za određenu skupinu zemalja. Determinate koje su navedene kao ključne, u empirijskom dijelu rada su se pokazale statistički značajnima za modele u kojima se pojavljuju. Kao najznačajnije determinante za kreditni rejting razvijenih zemalja se javljaju: BDP per capita, saldo tekućeg računa, javni dug te nezaposlenost. Kod zemalja u razvoju to su: BDP per capita, proračunski deficit, inflacija te rast realnog BDP-a. Dakle, nisu se kao ključne pokazale sve determinante koje su na temelju ranijih istraživanja detektirane kao takve. Zbog toga treba biti oprezan prilikom donošenja odluka, kojima se nastoji poboljšati kreditni rejting zemlje. Credit rating of some country is a significant indicator of development and has a significant role for each country. Economic policy leaders seek to achieve a better credit rating, and in order to achieve this, it is necessary to determine which determinants are significant for credit rating. Determinants that have a significant impact on credit rating are not the same for each country. In this work, theoretically, and then empirically, is determined the importance of certain determinants for credit rating of developed and developing countries. The aim of the theoretical part is to determine the importance of credit agencies for the financial market and to analyze earlier research in order to better interpret the results obtained by empirical research. The main purpose of this research is to prove are determinants listed in two hypotheses crucial for a particular group of countries. The determinants that are crucial, in the empirical part of the work, have been statistically significant for the models they appear in. The most important determinants for the credit rating of developed countries are: GDP per capita, current account balance, public debt and unemployment. In developing countries, they are: GDP per capita, budget deficit, inflation and real GDP growth. Thus, all the determinants that were detected as crucial in earlier researches, are not crucial in this research. This is why is important to be careful at making decision, which can improve the credit rating of the country.
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- 2018
39. Utjecaj primjene načela održive poljoprivrede na konkurentnost zemalja u razvoju
- Author
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Curać Marin and Franić, Ramona
- Subjects
sustainable agriculture ,zemlje u razvoju, održiva poljoprivreda, konkurentnost ,competitiveness ,održiva poljoprivreda ,BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Poljoprivreda (agronomija) ,developing countries ,konkurentnost ,zemlje u razvoju ,BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES. Agronomy - Abstract
Cilj rada je utvrditi kako na konkurentnost poljoprivredne proizvodnje zemalja u razvoju utječe primjena okolišnih standarda, s naglaskom na ekološku dimenziju. Države koje poštuju načela održivog razvoja u poljoprivredi i obvezu poštovanja okolišnih standarda u kojima je poljoprivreda važna gospodarska djelatnost i okosnica izvoza, nove regulative smatraju trgovinskim barijerama. Rad se zasniva na istraživanjima proizvodnje kakaovca u zemljama u razvoju i papra u malezijskoj pokrajini Sarawak. Rezultati pokazuju kako su strože regulative pri zaštiti okoliša i povećanje troškova kod primjene kemijskih proizvoda potaknule farmere na proizvodnju ekološkog papra te se poboljšala tržišna konkurentnost kod proizvodnje crnog i bijelog papra u Maleziji. S druge strane, proizvodnja kakaovca na ekološki prihvatljiv način zahtjeva ogromna ulaganja od strane vlade. Svaki proizvođač ima različitu strukturu troškova tako da bi internalizacija vanjskih učinaka mogla rezultirati većim proizvodnim troškovima u nekim zemljama te manjima u drugim. The aim of the thesis/paper is to determine how the change of the environmental standards affects the competitiveness of the agricultural production in developing countries with a particular emphasis on the ecological dimension. Some countries incorporate the principles of sustainable development in agriculture and comply with the obligations of the ecological standards, according to which agriculture is an important economic activity as well as the mainstay of export. Nevertheless, these countries consider them (the regulations) trade barriers. The thesis/paper is based on the research of the cocoa production in developing countries and the pepper production in the Malaysian region of Sarawak. The results show that stricter regulations in the environment protection together with the increase of expenses and the use of chemical products have encouraged farmers to produce ecological pepper, which resulted in an improved market competitiveness in the production of white and black pepper in Malaysia. On the other hand, the production of cocoa in an ecologically acceptable way requires vast inventments on the part of the government. Each producer has a different expense structure and as a result, the internalization of the outside effects causes/generates higher production expenses in some and lower in other countries.
- Published
- 2017
40. Determinants of high-tech export in developing countries based on Bayesian model averaging
- Author
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Mohsen Mehrara, Samaneh Seijani, and Abbas Rezazadeh Karsalari
- Subjects
Izvoz visoke tehnologije ,Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) ,ponderirani prosjek najmanjeg kvadrata ,zemlje u razvoju ,High technology export ,Bayesian model averaging ,weighted-average least square ,developing countries - Abstract
Given the importance and role of high-tech exports in economic growth, it is necessary to identify variables affecting export. Accordingly, in this article we studied the determinants of export for 24 developing countries during the period 1996 to 2013 based on Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) and Weighted-Average Least Square (WALS) technique. The results show that rule of law as a proxy for Institutional quality, human capital, import (as a measure of openness) and GDP with posterior inclusion probability 100% are the most important variables influencing the high- technology export in developing countries., potrebno je identificirati varijable koje utječu na izvoz. Prema tome, u ovom se članku proučavaju odrednice izvoza za 24 zemlje u razvoju u razdoblju od 1996. do 2013. godine temeljene na tehnici Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) i Weighted-Average Least Square (WALS). Rezultati pokazuju da su vladavina prava kao proxy za institucionalnu kvalitetu, ljudski kapital, uvoz (kao mjera otvorenosti) i BDP sa 100% vjerojatnosti poslije uključivanja, najvažnije varijable koje utječu na visoko-tehnološki izvoz u zemljama u razvoju.
- Published
- 2017
41. Analiza globalnih tijekova izravnih inozemnih ulaganja
- Author
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Babić, Elena and Kersan-Škabić, Ines
- Subjects
foreign direct investments ,transition countries ,Inozemne izravne investicije ,inflow of investments ,developing countries ,teorije FDI-a ,zemlje u razvoju ,theories of the FDI ,brownfield investicije ,odljevi investicija ,greenfield ,priljevi investicija ,Greenfield and Brownfield investments ,FDI stocks ,tranzicijske zemlje ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Economics. International Economics ,developed countries ,razvijene zemlje ,outflow of investments ,zalihe FDI-a ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Ekonomija. Međunarodna ekonomija - Abstract
Postoje inozemna izravna i neizravna ulaganja, izravna ulaganja su FDI dok su neizravna portfolio ulaganja i ostale vrste investicija. U slučaju FDI-a postoje brownfield i greenfield investicije. Vrijednost greenfield investicija na globalnoj razini u 2015. godini iznosila je 751 mlrd dolara, od toga 560 mlrd uloženo je u razvijene zemlje. Teorijama investiranja nastoji se objasniti način i funkcioniranje investiranja te pronaći najefikasniji put financiranja, javljaju se četiri glavne teorije. Kako bismo znali koliko je zemlja otvorena za suradnju i trgovanje postoji FDI indeks restriktivnosti koji nam govori je li zemlja spremna za međunarodno trgovanje ili posluje unutar svojih granica. Veoma važan čimbenik investiranja jesu transnacionalne i multinacionalne kompanije koje šire svoje poslovanje na globalnoj razini te zapošljavaju strane državljane i investiranju u inozemstvo. Zemlje se dijele na razvijene ekonomije, ekonomije u razvoju i tranzicijske ekonomije, tijekovi izravnih inozemnih investicija mogu se gledati kroz priljeve, odljeve i zalihe. Ukupni priljevi na globalnoj razini u 2015. godini iznosili su 1,76 bilijuna dolara, a ukupni odljevi 1,47 bilijuna. unutarnji tijek zaliha FDI-a u 2015. godini na globalnoj razini iznosio je 24,9 bilijuna dolara dok je odljev zaliha iznosio 25 bilijuna. There are direct and indirect foreign investments in the world. Foreign direct investments can be divided into Greenfield and Brownfield investments. The value of Greenfield investments on the global level in the year 2015 was 751 billions of dollars, of that amount 560 billion was distributed in developed countries. Theories of investment are trying to explain the ways of investing and are finding the most economic ways for financing. Among others, there are four theories that are highlighted: the theory of comparative advantages, the theory of licensing, Dunnings theory of foreign investments and the theory of industrial organization. Investor will invest in a specific country when they find it interesting. FDI index of restrictiveness is telling us which country is open for trade, it has values from 0 to 1, where 0 stands for open market and 1 means closed. Transnational and multinational companies are channels that are highly important for the FDI because they are doing business overseas, operating on global level hiring foreign employees and investing worldwide. The countries are divided into developed economies, developing economies and transitional economies, there are also landlocked and least developed economies. Flows of foreign direct investment can be seen through inflows, outflows and stocks. Total inflows on global level of FDI in the year 2015 came up to 1,76 trillions of dollar while the total outflows calculated for 1,47 trillions. Inward flow of stocks in the 2015 were 24,9 trillions and the outward flow was 25 trillions of dollars.
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- 2016
42. Analiza imidža zemlje podrijetla zemalja u razvoju na percepciju kvalitete marke
- Author
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Kotrman, Marcela
- Subjects
imidž zemlje podrijetla ,zemlje u razvoju ,utjecaj zemlje podrijetla ,percipirana kvaliteta - Abstract
U ovom diplomskom radu definirane su ključne teorijske spoznaje iz područja utjecaja imidža zemlje podrijetla, deriniraju se najvažniji pojmovi, objašnjeni su čimbenici koji utječu na imižd te asocijacije koje iz toga proizlaze te su navedeni najvažniji utjecaji. U radu je također definirana percepcija kvalitete proizvoda, prikazana je veza između percepcije kvalitete i odluke o kupnji te utjecaj imidža zemlje podrijetla na percepciju kvalitete marke. Istraživački dio rada bavio se analizom utjecaja imidža zemlje podrijetla, zemalja u razvoju i razvijenih zemalja, na potrošačevu percepciju kvalitete marke. Na prigodnom uzorku od 171 ispitanika, dobiveni rezultati su potvrdili kako i hrvatski potrošači proizvode iz zemalja u razvoju percipiraju kao manje kvalitetne u usporedbi s onima iz razvijenih zemalja.
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- 2016
43. Utjecaj značaja imidža zemalja u razvoju kao zemlje proizvodnje pri odabiru proizvoda
- Author
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Leitner, Lana
- Subjects
imidž zemlje proizvodnje ,zemlje u razvoju - Abstract
U posljednjih 50 godina globalno tržište doživjelo je promjene zahvaljujući tehnološkom napretku, lakšoj i bržoj dostupnosti informacija i povećanja zasićenosti tržišta jakom konkurencijom. Sve promjene koje se događaju na tržištu dolaze direktnim ili indirektnim putem do potrošača koji na temelju tih informacija formira svoju kupovnu odluku. Širenje interneta i pojava društvenih mreža omogućile su kupcima lakšu i bržu dostupnost informacijama o proizvodima, kretanju cijena i karakteristikama istog proizvoda na drugom tržištu. Eskponencijalni rast internetske prodaje, međunarodne suradnje i marketing proizvođačima je u jednu ruku donio jaču konkurenciju, cjenovne ratove i povećanje snalažljivosti u poslovanju, dok im je u drugu ruku donio priliku za poslovanjem na stranim tržištima, proizvodnju na drugom kraju svijeta i mnoge prilike za smanjenje troškova. Stoga je predmet diplomskoga rada značaj imidža zemalja u razvoju kao zemalja proizvodnje pri kupovini proizvoda. U radu će se promotriti koji sve čimbenici utječu na formiranje imidža zemalja, kako i u kojoj mjeri imidž zemlje utječe na vrednovanje proizvoda i je li on presudan faktor u odluci o kupovini proizvoda. Osnovni cilj istraživanja koji proizlazi iz prethodno definiranog problema je istražiti kako percepcija imidža zemalja u razvoju kao zemalja proizvodnje utječe na kupovno ponašanje hrvatskih potrošača. Pri tome će se promotriti postoji li razlika u namjeri kupovine kod proizvoda niskog i visokog stupanja uključenosti potrošača.
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- 2016
44. The contemporary trends of international economic inequality
- Author
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Ognjen Dragičević
- Subjects
International Economic Inequality ,Economic Development ,Economic Institutions ,Financial Crises ,Developing Countries ,međunarodna ekonomska nejednakost ,ekonomski razvoj ,ekonomske institucije ,finansijske krize ,zemlje u razvoju - Abstract
This article presents results of the research in contemporary trends of international economic inequality. The author argues that international economic inequality is a bidirectional and complex concept. The bidirectionality and complexity of the concept is reflected in the fact that there are countries that concurrently converge to or diverge from the most developed countries in terms of their economic development. The key finding presented here is the rise of economic inequality between countries, especially between the poorest and the richest countries. The exceptions are some countries that have made significant progress in the period from 2000 to 2014 in reducing the economic inequality in comparison to the richest countries. The most important factors that have contributed to their progress are distinctive economic institutions and development policies of those countries, as well as the effects of the financial crisis since 2007-2008, which caused a decade-long stagnation in the most developed parts of the world., Rad je posvećen istraživanju savremenih trendova međunarodne ekonomske nejednakosti. Namera autora u ovom radu jeste da ukaže da je međunarodna ekonomska nejednakost dvosmeran i složen koncept. Dvosmernost i složenost tog koncepta se ogleda u činjenici da istovremeno postoje zemlje koje se u pogledu razvoja udaljavaju ili približavaju najrazvijenijim državama. Ključni zaključak rada jeste da ekonomska nejednakost između država raste, posebno između najsiromašnijih i najbogatijih država. Izuzetak su pojedine zemlje koje su u periodu od 2000. do 2014. godine učinile značajan iskorak u smanjenju ekonomske nejednakosti u usporedbi sa najbogatijim državama. Najvažnije faktore koji su doprineli tom napretku čine osobene ekonomske institucije i razvojne politike tih država, kao i finansijske krize i višedecenijska stagnacija u najrazvijenijim delovima sveta.
- Published
- 2016
45. Low-tech energy solutions for developing countries
- Author
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Gašparini, Stipe and Tomšić, Željko
- Subjects
solarni kolektori ,mali vjetroagregati ,obnovljivi izvori energije ,small wind turbines ,TEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Elektrotehnika ,solarna pećnica ,developing countries ,Energy challenges ,zemlje u razvoju ,renewable energy ,solar collectors ,TECHNICAL SCIENCES. Electrical Engineering ,solarno kuhalo ,solar oven ,energetski izazovi ,hybrid wind turbine ,solar cooker ,hibridne vjetroelektrane - Abstract
U novije vrijeme, zemlje u razvoju sve više postaju predvodnici u korištenju čišćih niskotehnoloških rješenja u energetici. Razlog tome je što takve jednostavne i praktične tehnologije postaju svima dostupne. Tehnologije za iskorištavanje energije Sunca koje se danas najčešće koriste u zemljama u razvoju su sunčani toplinski sustavi za zagrijavanje vode i podršku grijanju, fotonaponski sustavi za proizvodnju električne energije te solarna kuhala i pećnice. Za iskorištavanje energije biomase koriste se biomeileri, a energija vjetra iskorištava se pomoću manjih vjetroagregata. Veoma zanimljiv je princip hibridne vjetroelektrane koja uz stvaranje el.energije ima mogućnost kondenzacije vlage u zraku, čime može proizvoditi pitku vodu. Recently, developing countries are becoming leaders in the use of clean low technology solutions in the energy sector. The reason why this is happening is that such simple and practical technologies become widely available. Solar energy is most commonly exploited with solar thermal systems used for hot water supply, photovoltaic systems used to produce electricity, solar cookers and ovens. Biomeilers are used for utilization of biomass energy. Wind energy is mostly exploited with small wind turbines. Hybrid wind power turbines are very interesting, in addition to the production of electricity they produce water using condensation of moisture in the air.
- Published
- 2015
46. KULTURNE I KREATIVNE INDUSTRIJE – POTENCIJAL ZA RAZVOJ GOSPODARSTVA REPUBLIKE HRVATSKE
- Author
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Battista Ilić, Aleksandar, Simončič, Katarina Nina, Grilec Kaurić, Alica, Bischof, S., and Penava, Ž.
- Subjects
kulturne i kreativne industrije ,zemlje u razvoju ,Republika Hrvatska - Abstract
U posljednjih nekoliko godina u Europskoj uniji raste svijest o važnosti kulturnih i kreativnih industrija. Osim što su pokretači kulturne raznolikosti u Europi, te su industrije jedan od najdinamičnijih gospodarskih sektora Europe. U Republici Hrvatskoj polako se shvaća njihov značaj te se poduzimaju i prvi konkretni koraci u uvrštavanju navedenih industrija u industrijsku granu. Ovaj rad predstavlja teorijski okvir kreativnih i kulturnih industrija te analizira potencijale za razvoj i unapređenje promatranih industrija u Hrvatskoj u cilju razvoja i jačanja gospodarstva. U zaključku rada donesene su određene smjernice za razvoj kulturnih i kreativnih industrija kao i temelji daljnjim istraživanjima.
- Published
- 2015
47. Prikaz žena u medijima
- Author
-
Karanac, Aleksandra
- Subjects
žena ,bioetika ,mediji ,etika ,zemlje u razvoju ,diskriminacija - Abstract
Ovim radom se želi ukazati na problem pristranog prikazivanja žena u medijima. Čitajući novine, gledajući televiziju i slušajući radio, o ženama rijetko kada možemo dobiti objektivan prikaz. Analizom novina dolazimo do zaključka da su žene objekti koje se istima prikazuje samo kao "robove" mode, koji služe za animaciju muškoga roda i pokazivanje svojih atributa. Vrlo malo se piše o uspješnim ženama koje svoju karijeru grade ba "zdravim" temeljima bez nekih skandala. Rad je koncipiran u tri poglavlja. U uvodu je ukratko opisana tema diplomskog rada, zatim se analizira nastanak bioetike i njezina svrha. Treća cjelina prikazuje medije i njihovu ulogu u prikazu žena, te podjelu po odabranim zemljama. U radu je također provedena i obrađena anketa u kojoj je sudjelovalo stotinu ispitanika, a rezultati istraživanja predočeni su grafikonima. Na samome kraju rada napravljena je analiza nekoliko internetskih portala u kojima su obrađeni članci iz Jutarnjeg lista, Večernjeg lista i 24 sata u razdoblju od šest mjeseci.
- Published
- 2015
48. CAPITAL FLOW REVERSALS DURING A FINANCIAL CRISIS: DOES THE PRE-CRISIS COMPOSITION MATTER?
- Author
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Tomislav Globan
- Subjects
financial crisis ,capital flows ,pre-crisis composition ,foreign direct investment ,foreign loans ,emerging and developing countries ,financijska kriza ,priljevi kapitala ,pretkrizna struktura ,izravna strana ulaganja ,inozemni krediti ,zemlje u razvoju - Abstract
Record amounts of global capital flows that reached a peak in 2007 came to a sudden stop in the second half of 2008 with the spread of the financial crisis from the U.S. to the rest of the world. Theoretical assumptions considering different characteristics of various types of capital flows emphasize the higher probability for sudden stop or capital reversal episodes during financial crises in countries whose financial accounts rely more on foreign loans, rather than foreign direct investment (FDI). The aim of this paper is to test these assumptions on a sample of 75 advanced and developing countries during the recent financial crisis. The descriptive analysis revealed different reactions to the crisis and post-crisis recovery amongst various groups of emerging and developing economies. Namely, countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEEC) and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), which had relied predominantly on foreign loans financing prior to the crisis, marked greater reduction in inflows comparing to more FDI reliant Latin American and Developing Asian countries. The econometric model using cross-sectional dataset confirmed that countries that in the pre-crisis period relied more on foreign loan financing, recorded more intensive withdrawal of foreign capital during the crisis. The main contribution of the paper is of an empirical nature, as it provides an insight into the determinants of capital reversals during the recent financial crisis on a sample of relatively large number of countries, and further acknowledges the importance and possible repercussions of the composition of a country’s financial account., Rekordni iznosi globalnih tokova kapitala koji su dosegli vrhunac u 2007., doživjeli su nagli zastoj u drugoj polovici 2008. širenjem financijske krize iz SAD-a na ostatak svijeta. Teorijske pretpostavke o različitim značajkama pojedinih vrsta kapitalnih priljeva ističu veću vjerojatnost za nagli zastoj ili bijeg kapitala tijekom financijskih kriza u zemljama čiji se financijski računi platne bilance više oslanjaju na inozemne kredite, nego na izravna strana ulaganja (FDI). Cilj ovog rada jest ispitati vrijede li navedene pretpostavke na uzorku od 75 razvijenih i zemalja u razvoju tijekom razdoblja recentne financijske krize. Deskriptivna analiza je otkrila različite reakcije na krizu, ali i različitu dinamiku postkriznog oporavka između pojedinih skupina zemalja u razvoju. Naime, zemlje Srednje i Istočne Europe te Zajednice nezavisnih država, koje su se u pretkriznom razdoblju pretežno financirale inozemnim kreditima, zabilježile su znatno veće smanjenje priljeva u odnosu na FDI-u sklonije zemlje Latinske Amerike i Azije. Rezultati ekonometrijskog modela potvrdili su da su zemlje koje su se u pretkriznom razdoblju oslanjale dominantno na inozemne kredite, zabilježile intenzivnije epizode povlačenja inozemnog kapitala tijekom krize. Glavni doprinos ovog rada je empirijske naravi, s obzirom da pruža uvid u odrednice bijega kapitala zabilježenog tijekom nedavne financijske krize na uzorku relativno velikog broja zemalja te daje daljnju potvrdu o važnosti i mogućim posljedicama strukture financijskog računa platne bilance.
- Published
- 2012
49. Izravne inozemne investicije u turističkom sektoru Republike Hrvatske
- Author
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Nikšić Radić, Maja, Perić, Marko, and Herceg, Nevenko et al.
- Subjects
izravne inozemne investicije ,turistički sektor ,turizam ,zemlje u razvoju - Abstract
Za određene kategorije zemalja kao što su nerazvijene zemlje, zemlje u razvoju i tranzicijske zemlje, izravne inozemne investicije su preduvjet ubrzanog napretka i uključivanja u prevladavajuće trendove suvremenog svijeta. Za spomenute zemlje turistički je sektor obećavajuća putanja gospodarskog i ljudskog razvoja. Međutim, obzirom na postignutu razinu globalizacije, turistički je sektor vrlo skromno uključen u globalizacijske tokove. Daljnji razvoj turističkog sektora zahtijeva izravne inozemne investicije. Turizam se smatra i ključnim pokretačem hrvatskog gospodastva. Ulazak izravnih inozemnih investicija u turistički sektor Republike Hrvatske može ispravit njegovu lošu kvalitetu i omogućiti mu da uistinu i postane ključni pokretač hrvatskog gospodarstva.
- Published
- 2010
50. Utjecaj poljoprivredne politike razvijenih zemalja na poljoprivredni sektor zemalja u razvoju
- Author
-
Grgurić, Goran
- Subjects
zemlje u razvoju ,razvijene zemlje ,glad ,slobodna trgovina ,GMO - Abstract
Naglo širenje modernog gospodarskog razvoja, odnosno industrijske revolucije u drugoj polovici 18. stoljeća, u različitim omjerima i na različitim mjestima, stvorilo je nejednakost u globalnom bogatsvu i moći, nejednakost kakva do tada nikad prije nije postojala. Zemlje koje su prve krenule s industrijalizacijom, doživjele su nagli gospodarski rast i stvorile veliku prednost ispred zemalja koje su počele sa gospodarskim rastom prije par desetljeća i naišle na velike prepreke. Izostanak dugog gospodarskog razvoja, dobrih geografskih uvjeta, te loša politika stvorili su veliki jaz između "bogatih" i "siromašnih". Tako su nastali i pojmovi "razvijene zemlje" i "zemlje u razvoju", koji prema određenim značajkama, obuhvaćaju bogate, industrijalizirane, tj. one koje imaju visok nivo razvoja i one više ili manje siromašne, koje imaju nizak nivo razvoja, te su tek nedavno industrijalizirane ili još uvijek nisu. Agrarna prenaseljenost, manje proizvedene količine poljoprivrednih proizvoda i niži dohodci poljoprivrednika, glavne su značajke poljoprivrednih područja zemalja u razvoju, posebno onih siromašnijih. Sve to uz veliku brzinu povećavanja pučanstva, pridonosi velikom, svjetskom problemu, problemu gladi. Glad nije rezultat nedostatka hrane, već složenijih društveno-političkih razloga o kojima ovisi preraspodjela dobara. Liberalizirano globalno tržište smatra se najučinkovitijim načinom za poticanje rasta, jer se svaka zemlja specijalizira u proizvodnji dobara i usluga u kojima ima komparativnu prednost. Ipak, bogate zemlje i velike korporacije dominiraju globalnim tržištem i stvaraju vrlo nejednak odnos moći i informacija, pa je trgovina nejednaka i siromašne zemlje rijetko iskuse poboljšanje. Upravo ta nadmoć omogućuje im iskorištavanje zemalja u razvoju i uspostavljanje kontrole nad njihovom poljoprivredom. Slobodna trgovina najčešće nije "jednako" slobodna za sve. Poljoprivredne subvencije i ostale prepreke trgovini u SAD-u i EU onemogućuju pristup najvažnijim tržištima zemljama u razvoju, a istodobno, te zemlje otvaraju vlastita tržišta za izvoz SAD-a i EU-a. SAD je svjetska supervelesila koja, uz dominaciju nad svjetskim tržištima nafte i nad prodajom oružja, želi uspostaviti dominaciju nad svjetskim poljoprivrednim proizvodima. To je jedan od glavnih smjerova američke politike nakon 2. svjetskog rata. Uvođenjem novog proizvoda na tržište, genetski modificirane hrane, pokušava se kontrolirati poljoprivredna proizvodnja, ponajviše u zemljama u razvoju.
- Published
- 2010
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