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Buddhism is viewed as an arrangement of mental standards and practices that an individual can apply to the advantage of his own otherworldly headway and profound prosperity. Consequently, the essential worth of Buddhism in the cutting-edge world is that it shows a way to joy and true serenity no matter what the political and social climate. Notwithstanding, it would be inappropriate to expect that Buddha's tenet was social and incorporated into the rejection of worry for human relations and society in general. The justification for zeroing in on individual improvement depends on the rule that visually impaired individuals can't lead blind individuals. Or on the other hand, as the Buddha said, "One, who has been soaked in the marsh of avarice and fancy, can't get one more out of that refuse." One must initially decontaminate oneself to have the option to show the way to other people. The various cases in both vestige and in current seasons of strict and political outrages executed by men who truly accepted they served reasons for equity and exemplary nature exhibit the insight of this speculation. We can have a superior world when we initially have better individuals. Dread, desire, narrow-mindedness, scorn, and insatiability are the main drivers of human struggle, whether it is a negligible wrongdoing or a universal conflict.

Drug abuse is a rapidly growing global public health and social mayhem. Almost one out of every eight youth is a victim of drug abuse. Drug abuse is not strictly consumption of hard drugs like cocaine, marijuana etc. some over-the-counter drugs that contain caffeine, drugs that serve as analgesics and every other drug can be abused. This is because drug abuse is simply the wrong use of drugs. Hence, this study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of clinical students of COOU teaching hospital towards drug abuse. This study employed the use of observational descriptive cross-sectional method and a self-structured questionnaire containing 28 close-ended questions was used to acquire data from all clinical students of COOU Teaching Hospital Awka. The data collected was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. From the result, it can be seen that 117 (79.6%) of the clinical students were considered to have a good knowledge about drug abuse with the sum of 13.87 ± 3.05. Cocaine was reported to be known in 100% of participants followed by tramadol and cough syrup respectively, while 59.2% of participants knew amphetamine. 65.9% of the clinical students believe that drug abuse can lead to death. 45.9% of them gain their knowledge from social media. 80.9% reported that drug abuse can lead to psychiatric problems. 72.8% think drug abuse is treatable. Also, 60.5% of the participants have poor attitudes toward drug abuse. 22.8% of the participants see that drug addicts are more criminal than the victims. 73 (49.7%) of the participants believe that drug abuse is a problem in COOU Teaching Hospital Awka, Anambra state, whereas 15 (10.2%) say that it is not. In the case of practice, 53 (36.1%) have good practice with a sum of 2.7 ± 1.33. 83 out of 144 clinical students (56.5%) read about drug abuse but only 21 clinical students (14.3%) participated in the treatment of drug abused patients before. Moreover, 37 (25.2%) participants advised abused patients. Using cross-tabulation and the Chi-square test, the association between knowledge, attitude, and practice with gender, age, level, and marital status were all studied. There was a significant association between gender and practice score (p = 0.044). Also, between level and with knowledge (p = < 0.001), attitude (p = 0.001) and practice scores (p = < 0.001). In conclusion, there is need to improve the dissemination of information on drug abuse as there is very poor attitude and practice towards drug abuse among the clinical students of COOU Teaching Hospital Awka. Keywords: drug, drug abuse, consumption, wrong. Title: Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on drug abuse among clinical students at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Amaku, Awka, Anambra State Author: Akabuike J., Njelita I. A., Eyisi I. G., Nwachukwu C., Eyisi C. S. International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing ISSN 2394-7330 Vol. 10, Issue 1, January 2023 - April 2023 Page No: 120-126 Novelty Journals Website: www.noveltyjournals.com Published Date: 06-March-2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7702157 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Assessment%20of%20Knowledge-06032023-7.pdf, International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing, ISSN 2394-7330, Novelty Journals, Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Antecedentes: La neuralgia del trigémino (NT) es un dolor facial paroxístico unilateral severo, descrito a menudo por los pacientes como "el peor dolor del mundo". La NT se manifiesta principalmente en las zonas de los dientes o tejidos cercanos inervados por las ramas del trigémino, de allí que los pacientes opten por acudir a los odontólogos generales o especialistas. Objetivo: Determinar cómo el desconocimiento de la fisiopatología de la neuralgia del trigémino lleva a odontólogos y endodoncistas a prescribir tratamientos de conductos innecesarios. Métodos de búsqueda: Se utilizaron bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web Of Science y Embase. Criterios de selección: Artículos publicados desde el año 2015 hasta el 2021, de todos los idiomas, relacionados con la neuralgia del trigémino y fallo en su diagnóstico, desconocimiento de fisiopatología y tratamientos innecesarios, estudios analíticos, descriptivos, sistemáticos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Recopilación y análisis de datos: Se utilizaron diferentes declaraciones para hacer lectura crítica y evaluación de la calidad metodológica de los artículos tales como la guía CONSORT, guía STROBE y la guía CARE Resultados: De los 21 artículos potencialmente elegibles, 12 fueron excluidos obteniendo finalmente 9 investigaciones. De las publicaciones tres fueron reportes de caso y seis estudios descriptivos, todos evaluaron cómo el desconocimiento de la fisiopatología de la neuralgia del trigémino lleva a odontólogos y endodoncistas a prescribir tratamientos de conductos innecesarios. Conclusiones: El desconocimiento de la fisiopatología de la neuralgia del trigémino lleva a odontólogos y endodoncistas a prescribir tratamientos endodónticos innecesarios. Los odontólogos solicitan apoyo y educación continua sobre la NT. Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is severe unilateral paroxysmal facial pain, often described by patients as "the worst pain in the world". TN manifests itself mainly in the areas of the teeth or nearby tissues innervated by the trigeminal branches, which is why patients choose to go to general dentists or specialists. Objective: To determine how ignorance of the pathophysiology of trigeminal neuralgia leads dentists and endodontists to prescribe unnecessary root canal treatments. Search methods: The following databases were used, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science and Embase. Selection criteria: Articles published from 2015 to 2021, articles in all languages, articles indexed in the aforementioned databases, articles related to trigeminal neuralgia and failure to diagnose it, ignorance of pathophysiology and unnecessary treatments, analytical, descriptive, systematic quantitative and qualitative studies. Data collection and analysis: Different statements were used to critically read and evaluate the methodological quality of the articles, such as the CONSORT guide, the STROBE guide, and the CARE guide. Results: Of the 21 potentially eligible articles, 12 were excluded, finally obtaining 9 investigations. Of the publications, three were case reports and six descriptive studies, all of which evaluated how ignorance of the pathophysiology of trigeminal neuralgia leads dentists and endodontists to prescribe treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. unnecessary pipes. Conclusions: Ignorance of the pathophysiology of trigeminal neuralgia leads dentists and endodontists to prescribe unnecessary endodontic treatments. Dentists request support and continuing education on NT. Especialista en Endodoncia http://www.ustabuca.edu.co/ustabmanga/presentacion Especialización

本稿の目的は、へーゲルの法哲学における刑罰の哲学的意味を解明することにある。―抽象法は最も基礎的な部分であるが、そこでは人格の抽象性が否定されて、具体的な文脈に置かれるようになる。所有を分析することによって他人との関わりが導出され、契約を分析することによって、不法の必然性が導かれる。不法は法の他者（否定）であるが、それが先鋭化すると、犯罪になる。しかし、犯罪において初めて普遍的な法は姿を現す。普遍的な法は、犯罪が法の否定であってこれに刑罰を与えることによって、回復される。このプロセスの必然性と普遍的法の現実化は、「犯罪と刑罰の分離不能の結びつき」に基づいて説明される。

Rad je prvi u nizu tekstova unutar planirane serije Religija, kult i moralnost u Saloni. Početnim uvodom opisani su teorijski i metodološki temelji te uloga filozofije i historiografije u istraživanju činjenica o vjerovanjima i vrijednostima. Istraživanje počinje prikupljanjem podataka iz literarnih izvora. Dotični podaci donose informacije o antičkoj misli glede odnosa čovjeka i nadnaravnih entiteta te o poimanju pobožnosti kao vrijednosti u literarnoj tradiciji antičkoga Mediterana. Zatim slijedi opis ispravnoga i neispravnoga djelovanja prema božanstvima u helenskoj i latinskoj tradiciji. Proučavaju se religijska vjerovanja o tome što je ispravno štovanje i primjeren stav prema božanstvima. Nakon pregleda literarne tradicije, prikupljeni podatci postavljeni su u relaciju s evidencijom iz posebnoga empirijskog slučaja – Salone, gdje na temelju natpisa s Jupiterova žrtvenika možemo pretpostaviti postojanje javno dostupnoga religijskog pravila glede nahođenja u svijetu., This article is the first part of the Religion, cult and morality in Salona series. The aim of the series is to investigate what moral beliefs and values were present in religious and cult communities of the ancient Mediterranean, during the period from the beginning of the Roman Principate (1st century) until the development of the cult of martyrs and Christianity in Salona (4-5th century). This goal is fulfilled by implementing the theoretical and methodological principles of both philosophy and historiography. The philosophical side of the inquiry helps us understand what the moral beliefs and values are in the first place. Asking questions about the components of morality naturally leads to the discipline of metaethics. The metaethical arguments and theories are the key which helps us understand what we are searching for (when we are searching for moral values and beliefs). The metaethical theory which is employed in this series is plan-expressivism, which is developed by A. Gibbard. The theory shows that in order to investigate the moral beliefs and values of ancient religious communities, we need to research the religious beliefs that contain the norms about human’s actions in the world. The historiographical side of the inquiry helps us reach the material and literary evidence about the religious and cult communities; religious beliefs, cult objects and practices. The historiographical investigation brings forth the data which is fundamental for our embodiment of the facts about the phenomena which was developed in the past. By implementing the various disciplines (archaeology, epigraphy, classical studies, and so on), it is possible to collect the knowledge regarding the state of affairs, and beliefs and values in the past. In this way, historiographical research provides the theoretical system made of facts about the state of affairs and the facts about beliefs and values in the antiquity. In order to investigate the moral beliefs and values from the antiquity, we need to research the literary evidence from then-contemporary authors and various inscriptions which provide the information about the religious beliefs that contain certain norms about the human’s behavior. Now that we know what exactly we need to search for in order to investigate the morality of ancient cults and religions, we can start with the second part of inquiry – the description of the phenomena. The inquiry itself begins with collecting data from literary evidence. The data brings forth both the information about the ancient thought regarding the relation between humans and supernatural entities, and about the conception of piety as a value in literal tradition of ancient Mediterranean. What follows is the description of right and wrong actions towards supernatural entities in Hellenic and Latin tradition. This part of article studies the religious beliefs regarding the proper respect and appropriate attitude towards the godly beings. Hellenic and Latin literary tradition use different terms to describe the right actions and duties of a human who relates to some kind of supernatural entity. While defining the human’s relation to godly beings, the Athenian philosophers and their followers claim that the entities need to be properly respected (εὐσέβεια). Further, they claim that the actions towards the supernatural entities must be done in accordance to usual dealings and rules (όσιτης). This topic is also mentioned by Cicero, who claims that a human needs to approach the godly beings with the sense of duty (pietas). He also claims there are additional rules which must be followed, like the one that a person must clean (castus) when approaching the gods, that humans must show gratitude (gratia) and offer gifts. But that is by no means the end of it. A person must be cautious with her actions in the world, especially in respect to the objects and entities which are under supernatural protection (example: family or a ritual space). When a human fulfills all demands and approaches the supernatural entities with the proper respect and appropriate attitude, then the person adequately bestows the entities with honors (γέρας), which grants the good relations with the gods, which in turn brings various mercies to the worshiper. During the Roman Mediterranean, a person could pray for various benefits like health, wellbeing, justice, success and so on. The Roman society also observed the signs which could show is their relationship with the supernatural beings disturbed. They would do various cult actions to observe the changes in the supernatural sphere, which verified is there a peace with the gods (pax deum) or the wrath of the gods (ira deum). The supernatural beings were not always merciful, but could bring trouble and pain. If someone made a bad relation with the gods, or made a sacrifice without any respect; if they talked badly about the gods or said the wrong words, they could have brought misfortune and disaster to individuals and the community as a whole. Hellenic authors thought those actions as wrong, while the wrongdoing individual was thought of as hated by the gods. On the other hand, Cicero once claimed that the supernatural entities send disasters to show the Romans that their deeds were foul. To act rightly towards the supernatural sphere, the Latin tradition thought that humans need to offer the appropriate gifts for the gods, while approaching them with the sense of duty (pietas). The person must be clean (castus) and with clean (pura) and uncorrupted mind and voice. If something goes missing, the wrath of gods (ira deum) takes place. The things which certainly brought ira deum were considered nefas and scelus. These terms were used to denote acts and objects which were threatening to the relation between the human and the supernatural entity. These actions and objects could make a person unclean and would result in some kind of ransgression against the gods. The cleanness of the body could be polluted with blood. The worst crime against the supernatural and natural sphere was the murder of the parent. The gods could also be offended by sexual transgression during the cult ceremonies and incest. On the other hand, the relation towards gods could be threatened if a person makes a wrong sacrifice. That is why Roman society encouraged various norms regarding the cult objects, ritual space and the person’s behavior during the acts. The peace of gods could be disturbed by inadequate actions, or with a bad speech. That is why the worshipers had to follow the rule of silence (favete linguis) and speak only good words (dicamus bona verba). Worshipers had to bear in mind that they should not pollute the ritual space by any means, and that they offer clean gifts to the supernatural patrons. This information can be set in relation to the findings in the specific empirical situation – city of Salona. There stood an altar dedicated to Jupiter (137 AD). The inscription from the altar states that the space round it is marked and set under the divine protection. The written evidence from the ancient authors claims that people had to take care of their actions and act properly in the area which is marked by the sacred borders. The ritual space had to be adequately marked and taken care of so that it does not get polluted. To ensure that the cult actions in close vicinity of the the altar are being done correctly, the inscription calls upon the laws which were written on the altar of Diana on the Aventine. In historiography, the laws are known as lex area Diane in Aventino. Outside of the Salona, they are mentioned on the inscriptions in Narbo and Ariminium (2nd century AD). Even though the content of the laws is unknown, we can assume they were set up to secure the proper conduct towards the sanctuary and the cult objects. According to the written tradition, a person had to take care regarding the ritual formulas because it was believed that the improper sacrifice could summon the wrath of gods (ira deum). The inscription also brings the information regarding the worship. It states that the sacrifice is valid even in the case if someone makes an offering without exposing (or presenting) the additional parts of the victim (magmentum). As it was believed that wrongly committed sacrifice could lead to the wrath of gods, a worshiper who read this line could be sure that she is not doing anything wrong that could hurt her relationship with the supernatural beings. While doing so, a worshiper could follow the instruction from the altar and act in accordance to it. In that case, the belief «that worship could be properly done even if someone does not expose the magmentum» functions as a norm which influences reasoning and behavior of the person who dwells in cult actions. In that respect, it is presumed that a written norm regarding the human actions in the world stood in Salona (137 AD), which could be followed during actions, and would ensure that a person acts in accordance to what is right, and avoids what is wrong; that the sacrifice is valid even though a person does not expose (or present) magmentum.

The study dealt with the statement of the comprehensive concept of the trespass and the reason why some terms relate to it, by: Indicating the meaning of the terms related to it from the perspective of the concept or from the point of view of its association as a term and comparing them, and the relation of each concept to the trespass, such as willfulness, negligence, harm, legal errors, iniquity and injustice. The researcher concluded that the trespass is a general concept, under which many special concepts are entered, each one of them has been distinguished by its own term , to indicate an accurate meaning that takes with it its own judgment that is distinguished from the other provisions, which enters under the concept of trespass.

G. E. Moore’s critical analysis of right action in utilitarian ethics and his consequentialist concept of right action is a starting point for a theory of moral/right action in ethics of social consequences. The termsrightandwronghave different meanings in these theories. The author explores different aspects of right and wrong actions in ethics of social consequences and compares them with Moore’s ideas. He positively evaluates Moore’s contributions to the development his theory of moral/right action.

Tefsirlerde kaynak güvenilirliği sorunu dolayısıyla aktarılan bilginin bağlayıcılığına dair problemler ilk dönem tefsir rivayetlerinin isnad açısından mevkûf ve maktû’ olmasıyla ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu sorun sonraki dönemlerde müfessirlerin, kendilerinden önceki tefsirlerden yaptıkları alıntılarda da ilk kaynaklara inmemeleri veya bilginin doğruluğunu tespit konusunda titiz davranmamaları sonucunda genel bir yönelim halini almıştır. Bu durum akademik kaygıların yanı sıra tefsir eserleri başta olmak üzere doğruluk ve mevsukiyetiyle değer kazanan İslami literatürün kaynak güvenilirliği açısından gözden geçirilmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Son zamanlarda klasik tefsirler üzerine yapılan tahkik ve tahric faaliyetlerinin yanı sıra müellifin belirttiği kaynaklara ulaşma (azv/isnad) çalışmalarına gösterilen yoğun ilginin de bu sebeple oluştuğu söylenebilir. Türkiye’de Latin harfleriyle neşredilen ilk tefsir olma özelliğini taşıyan Elmalılı M. Hamdi Yazır’ın (1878-1942) Hak Dini Kur’an Dili isimli tefsiri de birçok kaynaktan yararlanılarak telif edilen özgün bir eserdir. Yazır, eserinin mukaddimesinde en fazla istifade ettiği kaynakları zikretmiş ve hangi durumlarda kaynaklara yer verip-vermeyeceğine dair metodunu açıklamıştır. Ayrıca bunu tefsirinde tatbik ederek kaynak verme konusundaki hassasiyetini göstermiştir. Eserlerin kaynaklarının değerli oluşu hakkındaki farkındalık, Elmalılı Tefsiri üzerine bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmaların hemen hepsinde devam etmiş az veya çok onun istifade ettiği kaynaklara değinilmiştir. Yazır’ın bu konudaki hassasiyetine ve üzerine yapılan çalışmalarda Elmalılı’nın kaynaklarının dikkate alınmasına rağmen Hak Dini Kur’an Dili’nin kaynakları hakkında birçok yanlış ve hatayla karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu makale; Elmalılı’nın kendinden önceki tefsirlerden tevarüs ettiği, kendisinin zuhülen düştüğü, tebyiz (temize çekme) çalışmaları sırasında oluşan, tefsirin Latin harflerine çevrilmesinde ve yapılan sadeleştirmelerde ortaya çıkan ayrıca Elmalılı’nın tefsirinin kaynaklarını konu alan çalışmalarda yer alan hataların tespitini amaçlamaktadır., The problem of source reliability in the commentaries was revealed by the fact that the narrations of the first period tafsirs were mawkuf and maqtu hadiths in terms of isnad (chain of authority). In the subsequent periods, the quotations made by mufassirs from previous tafsir books, and not tracing the first sources, also not being meticulous about determining the accuracy of the information started to be a general tendency. In addition to academic concerns, this situation necessitates the revision of Islamic literature, which has gained value with its truth, specifically with tafsir works. It can be said that the intense interest in the researches (tahqiq) and investigations (takhrij) on the classical tafsirs has been created for this reason. In Turkey, carrying the distinction of being the first tafsir printed in the Latin alphabet Elmalili M. Hamdi Yazir’s (1878-1942) True Religion Quran Language (Hak Dini Kur’an Dili) is also an original interpretation of copyright works that are ben efiting from many sources. Yazir, in the introduction of his work, in addition to the resources he benefited the most in the outcome of the work also explained the method of whether or not to give place to resources in a work. He showed his sensitivity to the issue by applying these methods to his tafsir. The awareness of the value of the resources of the works has been continued in almost all of the works done so far on Yazir’s tafsir. Despite the fact that he was very sensitive on this respect and resources are taken into consideration in the studies made about his work, many errors are encountered about the sources of the Hak Dini Kur’an Dili. The aim of this study is to determine the errors in Yazir’s studies on the sources of tafsirs, which emerged during the translation of the tafsir into Latin letters and the simplification of the tafsir, and also to determine the errors in the works that are about the sources of the Elmalili tafsir.

International audience; Many studies focus on singularity in the social sciences. Resulting from a historical dynamic, singularity renews individualism by leaning it against an ideal: to be someone and to be recognized as such. The condition of victims rests precisely on this type of investment: it is based on a situation considered abnormal and about which individuals intend to obtain compensation. As such, it is a perfect anchor to question singularity and its social uses. Through an investigation about the mobilization of victims of a serial medical accident, I show that the estimation, by the injured, of their singularity is at the origin of their action. I subsequently highlight how the mobilization reorganizes singular stories into one. Finally, I demonstrate that this mobilization summons the singular situations to obtain compensation.; La singularité fait l’objet de nombreux travaux en sciences sociales. Produit d’une dynamique historique, elle renouvelle l’individualisme en l’adossant à un idéal : celui d’être quelqu’un et se voir reconnaître comme tel. La condition de victimes repose précisément sur ce type d’investissement : elle se fonde sur une situation considérée comme anormale et à propos de laquelle des individus entendent obtenir réparation. Elle constitue un ancrage idéal pour interroger la singularité et ses usages sociaux. À partir d’une enquête sur une mobilisation de victimes initiée après un accident médical sériel, nous montrerons que la considération par les accidentés de la singularité de leur situation est au fondement de leur action. Puis nous mettrons en évidence comment la cause commune réagence les histoires singulières pour n’en faire qu’une. Enfin, nous soulignerons que le propre d’une telle mobilisation est de convoquer les situations singulières pour obtenir réparation.

In many situations, drivers if certain of the absence traffic monitoring system tend to shorten their driving paths and travel time across intersections. This behavior will be encouraged if the geometrical design suffers from mistakes, or the geometrical design and road conditions make it harder for drivers to follow the correct routes. Sometimes the intersection arrangement is confusing for the driver to distinguish the right from the wrong track. In this study, two sites with large number of driving mistakes were noticed. One site is a roundabout within the university of Duhok campus. The other is the intersection just outside the University of Duhok eastern main gate. At both sites, the geometry is very confusing and encourage driving mistakes. The university roundabout which was the first site investigated, was not properly designed encouraging wrong side driving. Many traffic accidents took place at this roundabout. Wrong side driving reaches 32 % at peak hour in one approach. This was reduced to 6% when temporary divisional island was installed. The other approach has a 15% wrong side driving and no remedy could be done to it. At the intersection near the university gate, wrong side driving reaches 56% of the traffic emerging from the main gate at peak hour. This was reduced to 14% when drivers are guided through direction sign. This percentage was reduced further to 9% with standing policeman.

Background: In 2011, Epstein and Hood documented that 17.2% of 274 patients with cervical/lumbar complaints seen in first or second opinion over one year were told they needed “unnecessary” spine surgery (e.g., defined as for pain alone, without neurological deficits, or significant radiographic abnormalities). Subsequently, in 2012 Gamache found that 69 (44.5%) of the 155 second opinion patients seen over a 14-month period were told by outside spine surgeons that they needed surgery; the second opinion surgeon (Gamache) found those operations to be unnecessary. Increasingly, patients, spine surgeons, hospitals, and insurance carriers should not only be questioning whether spinal operations are “unnecessary”, but also whether they are “wrong” (e.g., overly extensive, anterior vs. posterior operations), or “right” (appropriate). Methods: Prospectively, 437 patients with cervical or lumbar complaints were seen in spinal consultation over a 20-month period. Of the 254 (58.1%) patients coming in for first opinions those with surgical vs. non-surgical lesions were identified. Of the 183 (41.9%) patients coming in for second opinions, who were previously told by outside surgeons that they needed spine operations, the second opinion surgeon documented the number of “unnecessary”, “wrong”, or “right” operations previously recommended. Results: Surgical pathology was identified in 138 (54.3%) patients presenting for first opinions. For patients seen in second opinion, 111 (60.7%) were told by outside surgeons that they required “unnecessary”, 61 (33.3%) the “wrong”, or 11 (6%) the “right” operations. Conclusions: Of 183 second opinions seen over 20 months, the second opinion surgeon documented that previous spine surgeons recommended “unnecessary” (60.7%), the “wrong” (33.3%), or the “right” (6%) operations.

Beschreibung in der Theorie der allgemeinen Relativität der Schwerkraft ist völlig nur ein Missverständnis. Weil die Krümmung des Raumes durch die Schwerkraft verursacht wird. Die Schwerkraft ist eine Feldstärke, die den Raum beugt, weil sie die Beschleunigung verursacht, wie von Newton gezeigt wird. Und eine neue Theorie der Schwerkraft, die unsere Beobachtungen unterstützt, wird als neutrales Feld bezeichnet., Description in the theory of general relativity of the gravity is completely just a misunderstanding. Because curvature of space is caused by gravity. Gravity is a field force that bends space, because it causes acceleration as shown by Newton. And a new theory of gravity which supports our observations is suggested named as neutral field., La description dans la théorie de la relativité générale de la gravité est tout simplement un simple malentendu. Parce que la courbure de l'espace est causée par la gravité. La gravité est une force de champ qui plie l'espace, car elle entraîne une accélération telle que démontrée par Newton. Et une nouvelle théorie de la gravité qui soutient nos observations est suggérée comme champ neutre.

There are various strands of naturalism but the focus of this paper is on ethical naturalism. In the field of philosophy, naturalism has made postulations in the areas of metaphysics, epistemology and ethics. As a realist theory, it seeks to examine the nature of reality, knowledge and the sets of principles which guide human conduct. The major thesis of naturalism is that all things are part of nature which can be subjected to the rigours of science. It promotes propositional knowledge in all spheres such that meaningful statements must be expressed as observation – statements whether in religion, metaphysics, ethics or social science. Naturalism is not a new theory as it dates back to antiquity. However, it acquired an enhanced status in the modern and contemporary periods because of the influence of science. Thus, proponents of ethical naturalism simply see ethical statements as propositions which are either true or false. The implication is that there are no differences between ethical statements and empirical or scientific statements. This paper argues that, although there may be some merits in borrowing some of the principles and methods of science in the analysis of ethical statements, it is wrong to equate ethical statements (especially normative statements) to propositional statements of empirical science.Keywords: Ethical; Naturalism; Realism; Normative; Right; Wrong

In this study we introduce Ebussuud Efendi’s two tractateswhich are about pronunciation and orthographic and we give theircritical texts. These are small ortographic guidebooks and they inheritright forms of word which are used wrongly in common. We buildthis study on fesahat and belagat and we comment word’s wrongpronunciations and orthographics according to fesahat and belagat.

One of the preoccupations of children’s literature has always been to instruct children in the issues of right and wrong and to develop a sense of responsibility in them. In this article R. M. Ballantyne’s The Coral Island, which, although written in the 1850s, still appeals to the boys, will be analyzed to address the questions of what meaning the reader takes from the book and how the issues of right and wrong are handled. The story which recounts the struggle of three boys, aged 14 to 17, with savagery and violence is not innocent of imperialist meanings because the author regarded English missionary work as beneficial and colonialism as helping the commercial, social and cultural transformation of the life of the nativeinhabitants; hence, his boy heroes act and speak in a manner that supports this ideology, Çocuk edebiyat›n›n amaçlar›ndan biri her zaman için çocuklar› do¤ru ve yanl›fl konular›nda e¤itmek ve onlarda bir sorumluluk duygusu gelifltirmek olmufltur. Bu makalede R. M.Ballantyne’›n 1850lerde yaz›lmas›na ra¤men günümüzde bile çocuklar›n be¤enisine sahip The Coral Island adl› çocuk kitab›nda do¤ru ve yanl›fl sorunlar›n›n nas›l irdelendi¤i ve okuyucununkitaptan ne gibi anlamlar ç›karabilece¤i incelenecektir. Cennet kadar güzel bir ortamda 14-17 yafllar›ndaki üç çocu¤un tek bafllar›na vahflet ve kaba kuvvete karfl› mücadelelerinin anlat›ld›¤› öykü, emperyalist amaçlardan uzak de¤ildir. Yazar›n misyonerli¤in ve sömürgecili¤in ilkel yerlileri uygarlaflt›rmadaki yarar›na inanc› nedeniyle, çocuk kahramanlar›n bu ideolojiyi destekler biçimde davrand›klar›na ve konufltuklar›na tan›k oluruz.

We present a 24-year-old female with trauma to her right eye. The patient was prescribed topical Tobramicin-dexamethasone eye drops but the pharmacy dispensed diclofenac diethyl amine ointment. The patient presented to the emergency room with lid edema, conjunctival injection and a corneal epithelial defect and toxic keratitis. The patient was successfully managed with copious irrigation, bandage contact lens and topical antibiotic therapy.