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Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wine tourism is increasingly considered as a strategic element in the wine producing countries of the Old World. In the case of Spain, several researchers have studied the role of wine routes in boosting the competitiveness of a territory, increasing wine production, improving the quality of life of citizens and the respect for the environment. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no previous studies that have analyzed in a unified way the wine routes of the Region of Valencia, that is, the wine routes of Alicante and Utiel-Requena. To overcome this research gap, the study comparably analyzes these wine routes in terms of attracting wine tourists and the economic impact generated in the period 2017-2021, also relativizing the data to the average of the total Spanish wine routes. The results of the research show that both routes attract a lower number of wine tourists than the average of the Spanish wine routes. In addition, it should be noted that the Utiel-Requena route generated a higher economic impact compared to the Alicante wine route between 2017-2019, with this trend reversing in 2019. This study, therefore, contributes to the improvement of scientific knowledge in several ways, given that, first, the research provides new knowledge in the field of wine tourism in Spain and, second, there are no previous studies that have analyzed in a unified way the wine routes in the Region of Valencia.

Copyright of Investigaciones Turisticas is the property of Investigaciones Turisticas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wine tourism (WT) is an important area of special-interest tourism in Portugal, and represents an increasingly significant component of regional development. In a more conservative approach, WT has been described as visiting vineyards, wineries, and engaging in wine-related activities. However, this perspective has been broadened, taking advantage of all the potential of the specific destination’s terroir (nature/landscape, tangible and intangible cultural heritage, etc.). Wine routes make the connection between wine and tourism in a specific region and intend to boost wine tourism by promoting collaboration between different stakeholders. Different routes present distinct approaches to WT, within diverse regional contexts, and different ways of collaboration within the wine route. This study compares three wine routes at different stages of development, located in a rural periphery – in the central region of Portugal – Bairrada, Dão, and Beira Interior, considering both context data and information collected in 113 interviews conducted with diverse wine tourism agents from these routes. Besides a brief characterization of the three routes, the main results indicate supplier’s preference for terroir routes instead of wine routes and show the importance of gender, age, and education level for the collaborative work between stakeholders. These aspects and their contribution to the development of WT routes are discussed. Some questions that additional studies may help answering are also reflected.

Although wine tourism is predominantly described as an activity practised by middle-aged adults who travel without children to experience, learn about and buy wines, it has been considered to attract unexpected markets, such as families with children, mainly in rural destinations where wine and grape production occur in a particular natural, cultural and social context. However, research on families with children undertaking wine tourism is scarce and little is known about the features and heterogeneity of this market. This study analyses, through a survey research, visitors travelling as a family with children on three Portuguese wine routes (n=370), regarding general profile, travel motivation, attractions visited, satisfaction and loyalty. Results suggest two profiles of family visitors to Central Portugal wine routes: those focused on wine-related attractions and activities and those more interested in having fun and socialising in a wine region, enjoying its landscapes, culture and rural life. In our sample, the first group is almost totally composed of domestic visitors, accompanied mainly by children under 10 years. The second group includes some international visitors, and a higher presence of 'older' children and adolescents. Family visitors focused on wine attractions tend to indicate more suggestions for route improvement, primarily related to the availability of varied wine tourism experiences, including child-friendly activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last two decades, wine tourism has become increasingly important in the development plans for tourism in the Republic of Serbia, especially considering that it is very profitable. Among the key subjects of wine tourism, wine producers in the regions of Srem, Aleksandrovačka Župa and Šumadija stand out. The tourist products also become recognizable products of the wine-growing regions, as the wineries have tasting rooms where wine and homemade food are combined for visitors. In this way, the identity of the geographic region is defined through the promotion of wine. Before the outbreak of the pandemic, several hundred busses came every year to the wineries in the above-mentioned regions of Serbia, so that almost 40% of the wine production was sold practically on the doorstep during weekends and holidays. The work analyzes in particular the wine roads of Fruška Gora, which have always had great potential and an important role in Serbian viticulture. The research focused on the complementarity of wine and religious tourism, with special attention to the production of monastery wines in own economy.

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of wine routes and Designations of Origin (DOs) on the competitiveness of wineries belonging to the Valencian Community, given that, to the best of our knowledge, such relationships have not been analyzed in this wine region. To this end, information was obtained on the operating income, results for the year, equity, level of indebtedness and number of employees of the 90 wineries belonging to this wine-growing territory. Subsequently, a comparison of means was made, calculating Student’s t-test for independent samples with the SPSS software, based on whether the wineries belonged to the wine routes and DOs existing in the Valencian Community. The results show the wineries that are members of a wine route and/or a DO have, on average, a higher operating income, higher equity and a higher number of employees, and these differences are statistically significant. This research may be useful for general managers who are considering the development of wine tourism activities, as well as for those who are thinking of joining DOs, since, as was empirically demonstrated, these actions can improve the economic performance of their wineries and, as a consequence, their competitiveness.

Copyright of Investigaciones Turisticas is the property of Investigaciones Turisticas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Wine tourism has been growing considerably over the past decades. The literature highlights its relevance in the social, economic and cultural development of the regions where wine routes are located. However, few studies examine residents' tourism impact perceptions and even fewer analyse the diversity of these perceptions. This study aims to fill this gap, examining this diversity according to the life-cycle stage of the wine route and residents' involvement with wine and with tourism activities. Design/methodology/approach: Data obtained from a questionnaire-based survey (N = 882) of residents from three wine routes of the Central Region of Portugal – Bairrada, Dão and Beira Interior – were used, with dimensions of perceived impacts tested for internal consistency via Cronbach's α. T-tests and ANOVA tests were used to compare residents' perceptions of wine tourism impacts according to the life-cycle stage of the wine route and residents' involvement with wine and with tourism activities. Findings: Generally, residents perceived that wine tourism generates more benefits than costs, with positive economic and socio cultural impacts standing out, while negative environmental and social impacts were perceived less. Some differences are observed according to the life-cycle stage of the wine route, with both the most and the least developed routes presenting more pronounced both positive and negative impact impressions in diverse dimensions. Also, a moderating effect (however not as pronounced) of working in tourism and (even less visible) of working in the wine sector is observed. Possible explanations of these findings and implications on wine route development are discussed. Originality/value: This article analyses a subject of great relevance for the sustainable development of wine tourism destinations that has been little studied in the literature. Thus, relevant theoretical and empirical contributions are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of wine routes and Designations of Origin (DOs) on the competitiveness of wineries belonging to the Valencian Community, given that, to the best of our knowledge, such relationships have not been analyzed in this wine region. To this end, information was obtained on the operating income, results for the year, equity, level of indebtedness and number of employees of the 90 wineries belonging to this wine-growing territory. Subsequently, a comparison of means was made, calculating Student's t-test for independent samples with the SPSS software, based on whether the wineries belonged to the wine routes and DOs existing in the Valencian Community. The results show the wineries that are members of a wine route and/or a DO have, on average, a higher operating income, higher equity and a higher number of employees, and these differences are statistically significant. This research may be useful for general managers who are considering the development of wine tourism activities, as well as for those who are thinking of joining DOs, since, as was empirically demonstrated, these actions can improve the economic performance of their wineries and, as a consequence, their competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigaciones Turisticas is the property of Investigaciones Turisticas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the last decade, wine tourism has been intensively developed through small wineries in several viticultural regions in the Republic of North Macedonia. Wine tourism has an important role in creating tourism development policies in the country. Wine tourism is a tourist form that is characterized by attractive attributes through which it encourages domestic and foreign tourists to visit the destination. In addition to visiting the wine cellars, wine tourism includes additional tourist activities such as the process of grape production, the process of wine production, gastronomic offer, sightseeing of the viticultural region. The main for the existence of wineries as a leading factor of wine tourism are the viticultural regions together with the tradition of growing grapes. Viticultural regions define the spatial distribution of wineries and define wine routes. Therefore, in this paper the author aims to present the main viticultural regions in the country which are the spatial basis and prerequisite for the development of wine tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the concepts of tourism destination and wine tourism, the concept of wine tourism is defined. The system components of the destination for wine tourism are distinguished and characterized - wineries, wine routes, winescapes. The attributes of the destination that influence the visits to the wine region, are displayed. The factors for a successful development of a destination for wine tourism, which contribute to more real and memorable experiences of the wine tourist are systematized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is aimed at investigating wine companies’ perceptions and attitudes towards the role of wine routes as an actual tool to improve their tourist attractiveness and sustainable tourism on a territorial level. Through a comparative approach, some wineries from the Italian regions of Abruzzo and Tuscany have been surveyed and in-depth-interviews to key local stakeholders have been conducted. The aim of the survey is to investigate the companies’ perception about wine tourists’ characteristics and wine route management. Through a multivariate analysis, the reasons behind wineries’ satisfaction/discontent have been analyzed. The findings identify a close relation between the complexity of the services offered, the companies’ involvement in the wine routes management and their satisfaction about the results obtained. The more complex the services are, the more satisfied the companies. The comparative analysis of the strengths and weaknesses pointed out by the wineries’ keepers has allowed some general considerations about the tools to use for the improvement of wine routes management. In a broader sense, the wineries’ direct involvement both in investment and in governance appears to be key in the success of the routes as a model for local tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2010 Amaro, Barroco and Antunes carried out a study that analysed the use of Information and Communication Technologies as an essential tool for the development of the Dão Wine Route. They examined the presence of the 35 members of the Route on the Internet and the quality of their websites. The results demonstrated that few members used websites to promote their services, compromising the whole network. Now that almost ten years have passed, it is time to update this analysis and examine what has changed. As a region that wants to position itself as a tourism destination of choice, where Wine Tourism is one of the key offers, it is of paramount importance to examine how the now 46 members of the Route have been using their webpages as a Marketing strategy. A content analysis of these winery's Websites was conducted, and the results were compared with those obtained in 2010. These show that although some progress has been made, there are still many areas that require improvements. The paper provides practical recommendations, useful not only for the wineries of the Dao Wine Route, but also for other wineries and wine routes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The certification of Malaga and Ronda wine route, within the model of certified wine routes in Spain, has given a new boost to wine tourism in Malaga. The study focuses on La Axarquía, located on the Eastern Costa del Sol in Southern Spain, which has been a reference point in the wine business since ancient times and has its own identity. This research aims at elaborating a diagnosis of the territory related to the possibilities offered by the area, from the perspective of the heritage resources and services provided by the winemakers outlining two efficient enotourism itineraries that enhance the value of the territory’s resources. The methodology used starts with the study of the territory in order to profile the existing resources, a task that was complemented by the analysis of the documentary sources required in order to understand the peculiarities of the territory. From there, a process of interviews was carried out between April and November 2019 with 100% of the winemakers and around 70% of the territory’s agents. The results of the research are specified in a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis, which has allowed evaluating the possibilities of the enotourist development in La Axarquía, which is complemented with a proposal of two possible itineraries that will promote such development of the rural territory. The conclusions convey the possibilities of the territory of a tourist segment which puts its resources to good use and moves forward the deseasonalization and destructuring of tourism in Malaga, especially on the Eastern Costa del Sol, according to criteria of efficiency and profitability with wine as a reference, although it could be applied to other gastronomic and cultural resources linked to the tourist sector in other geographical areas.

Over the last five years, the wine production in the Republic of Serbia has had a positive trend. The structure of wine import and export indicates the need for better branding of Serbian wines to increase their visibility in the market. Today, small and family vineyards as well as wineries in the rural areas of Serbia prevail. All sorts of vines are grown there, and the products are often very high-quality wines. Representation of wineries in tourism industry is insufficiently developed and sporadic, with no clear strategy at a national and local level. Their involvement in development of tourism should be encouraged primarily through the development of wine routes. By improving hospitality facilities in wineries, all the preconditions would be met for the successful development, not only of wine industry, but also of agritourism since during their stay, tourists could try out and experience vineyard farm life at firsthand.

Tourism industry in many economies plays a crucial role in the process of economic development, especially local economy development. As a result, many specific forms of tourism have been developed, where each form is aimed at maximizing benefits for the specific region. One of these forms is wine tourism. As the name suggests, this type of tourism is adequate for regions known for the production of quality wines. Although it is a couple-of-decades old concept, developed countries pay special attention to development and promotion of this type of tourism. Analysing the case of Macedonia, it could be said that the country itself has huge potential for development of wine tourism, thus grasping the benefits arising from it. Namely, the wine regions in Macedonia are well know globaly by the quality of their wines and vineyards. Some wineries have undertaken the intitial steps for development of wine toruism, but they are still long way ahead of utilizing the core benefits. This is primarely for the lack of adequate facilities and capacities for tourist accommodation. Even though there are, to some extent, wine routs set in place, there is a lack of standardized wine routs, thus, large number of tourists visit the wineries individualy insted of coming as an orginized tour. Since wine toruism can serve as a mechanism of local economic devolopment, Macedonia should work on its promotion in close cooperation with the wineries and local institutions.

Since 1993, as supported by the Dyonisios program of the European Union, the wine routes have been the most visible face of the wine tourism practice in Portugal. Since these thematic routes have no specific rules, they usually depend on the initiative of the promoters, namely through the creation of adherent/promoters associations or other institutions, like the Regional Viticulture Commissions, and Tourism Regions. This article aims at analysing the basis for the development of wine tourism in Portugal and its structure around wine routes. The socioeconomics traits of both the vineyards and wine, are analysed. The existing routes in Portugal are presented and their strengths and limitations are identi-fied.

As world wine output grows at 1.35%, wine consumption just grows at 0.26 % per year anticipating a surplus of output with negative results in the long-run for both winegrowers and for consumers. Thus, an alternative for emerging exporters, like Chile, is to identify and to target productive efforts towards reaching refined segments and niches of the market, instead of selling generic produce to the market at large. Naturally, their wines should be differentiated in a memorable way. Paradoxically, those countries which are large wine exporters seem to be also larger importers of wine. The content of this paper explores the case of Chile as an emerging country, particularly from the New World in the world wine trade, assessing the effect of globalization in the Chilean exporting process. Output and consumption as well as wine trade are analyzed, with special reference to the European and French markets. This is complemented with identification of the source of investments, Chilean trade policies, production and processing technology in this industry. Conclusions state the need for a wider vision in the strategic development of the sector, stating research and collaboration needs between winegrowers, consumers and local communities; locals should be involved in wine tourism exalting terroir. Research needs are identified.A medida que la producción de vino crece al 1,35%, el consumo sólo aumenta al 0,26% anual, se anticipa que ocurrirá en el largo plazo un excedente que generará resultados negativos tanto para los productores de vino como para los consumidores. Luego una alternativa para países exportadores emergentes, como Chile, es identificar y focalizar los esfuerzos productivos para alcanzar segmentos y nichos muy refinados del mercado - en vez de producir para el mercado en general. Obviamente, dicha diferenciación debería ser de una forma memorable. Paradójicamente, los países que son grandes exportadores de vino, son a la vez grandes importadores de esta bebida. El contenido de este trabajo explora el caso de Chile como país emergente del "Nuevo Mundo" en el comercio internacional del vino, incluyendo el efecto de la globalización en el proceso exportador chileno. Se analiza la oferta y el consumo mundial con especial referencia al mercado europeo y al francés; se complementa con la identificación de la procedencia de las inversiones sectoriales, las políticas chilenas de comercio exterior y la tecnología de producción y procesamiento. Se concluye que es indispensable una visión estratégica más amplia para el desarrollo del sector, tal que permita la colaboración entre productores, consumidores y comunidades locales; en estas últimas se desarrollaría turismo del vino destacando su denominación de origen. Además se identifican las necesidades de investigación.

Wine tourism, especially wine festivals and routes, is becoming more popular in South Africa, primarily because it gives wine cellars and wine farms greater publicity and exposure leading to increase in wine sales. The wine farmers or cellars are also expanding their product offering to involve more than just wine tasting and sales. They are therefore developing tourism products such as accommodation, restaurants, wedding venues, cultural activities and adventure activities. The unanswered question is what factors do consumers regard as important when visiting a wine route? Therefore, the purpose of this article is to determine the factors that contribute to a memorable wine route experience. This study was conducted at one of South Africa's largest wine routes, namely the Robertson Wine Route, from 4-6 June 2014. A questionnaire was used for data collection. The results revealed four important factors for having a memorable wine route experience, namely amenities, food and entertainment, information dissemination and qualities of the route. The most important motive for visiting a wine route is to relax and escape, followed by experiencing a unique event. These results can be used by wine route managers and product owners to develop and market wine routes more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the outcome of extensive research carried out with the purpose of defining a development strategy for the Bairrada Wine Route in Portugal. This region has low levels of development, a condition made worse by the unfavourable economic situation of the private agents of the wine sector. Thus, the need to increase the region's competitiveness and attractiveness associated with its endogenous products and services emerged as a priority. Considering that a wine route is a network of agents in a wine region, whose purpose is to promote regional development by employing strategies that lead to the development of an inclusive regional network which encompasses public and private agents from both sectors of activity (wine and tourism), this paper focuses on the way in which the implementation of communication tools and internal organization might encourage development at different levels and promote regional competitiveness. After the evaluation of the current situation of the Bairrada region and a literature review concerning wine tourism, wine routes and networks, we were able to design a strategic policy which allows the regional development plan, supported by an organization of destination management, to be put into practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research provides an empirical overview of articles and authors referring to research on wine tourism, analyzed from 2000 to 2021, and what they contribute to deepening the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8. The articles were examined through a bibliometric approach based on data from 199 records stored in the Web of Science (JCR), applying traditional bibliometric laws, and using VOSviewer for data processing and metadata. The results highlight an exponential increase in scientific production without interruptions between 2005 and 2020, with a concentration in only 35 highly cited authors, where the hegemony is held by Australia, among the co-authorship networks of worldwide relevance. The main topics observed in the literature are local development through wine tourism, sustainability and nature conservation, and strategies for sustainable development. Finally, there are six articles with great worldwide influence in wine tourism studies that maintain in their entirety the contribution made by researchers affiliated with Australian universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]