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Det finns flera olika sätt att säkerhetskopior, några vanliga sätt är lokal säkerhetskopiering, fjärrbaserad säkerhetskopiering och säkerhetskopiering som lagras på en molnplattform. Då det finns många leverantörer som erbjuder molnbaserade lösningar som gör det möjligt för en användare att lagra filer på respektive plattform kommer enbart molntjänsterna, ”Mega” och ”Dropbox for Business” att användas. För att besvara delfråga 1 utförs en litteraturstudie med tillhörande analys, för att besvara delfråga 2 och 3 kommer flertalet kvasiexperiment att utföras i en labbmiljö. Dropbox har en speciell avdelning som sysslar enbart med säkerhetsrelaterade frågor som förespråkar att AES med 256 bitars kryptering bör användas. Mega menar att 128 bitars AES kryptering räcker för att kryptera data då hårdvarubelastningen blir onödigt hög om starkare kryptering används.

Energy-efficient window coatings limit the transfer of energy from one side of a window to the other. Their use has the potential to significantly reduce the electrical energy consumed by air conditioning, heating and lighting the interior space of a building. In particular, the use of spectrally selective coatings allows for more control over both the internal climate, the colour of the transmitted light, and the overall energy efficiency of the window coating. Gold nanoparticles, especially the optically anisotropic gold nanorods, offer a uniquely stable and long lasting solution to obtaining tuneable absorption of electromagnetic radiation for a wide range of potential applications. In this thesis the potential of gold nanorods as a spectrally selective coating for window glass is examined, the possible means of securing the nanorods to the glass are explored and their effectiveness as an optical coating compared to current commercially available coatings of similar design. The optical properties of these nanorods and some other shapes with potentially interesting properties are computationally modelled and are compared to the properties of samples fabricated using electron beam lithography and to samples made by wet chemistry. The work shows that gold nanostructures could serve as the basis for a new generation of spectrally-selective coatings for architectural glass. Chapter 1 of this thesis reviews the fabrication, optical properties and potential applications of gold nanostructures. The fabrication methods reviewed include reported lithographic procedures as well as wet chemical techniques for the formation of gold nanostructures. The optical properties of the gold nanostructures are examined, and the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance is analysed. Some potential applications for the optical properties of gold nanostructures are explored, and an appraisal is made of window glazing technologies including their operating mechanism. Also, the advantages of

Originally published: 2006., Electronic access restricted; authentication may be required, 9780262512503, American Council of Learned Societies History E-Book Project, (heb) heb08244.0001.001, http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.08244, Permission must be received for any subsequent distribution in print or electronically. Please contact info@hebook.org for more information.

Detail of upper story windows and roofline at 106 East 35th Street. Built in 1853-1854 ; sash alterations to the windows on 106 and 108 carried out by architects Renwick, Aspinwall and Russell in 1888.

The status of transparent SiC for short wave (3 5 mm) windows and domes is reviewed. Transparent b-SiC was fabricated by the pyrolysis of methyltrichlorosilane in the presence of excess H2 and argon in a hot wall, chemical vapor deposition reactor. Characterization of the material indicates that the transparent SiC is a theoretically dense, void free, highly pure (99.9996%) cubic material possessing high optical transmission in the wavelength region 0.5-6 mm, excellent thermal shock resistance and good optical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of interest for windows and domes. Important properties of transparent SiC are compared with those of the other candidate window materials in the 3-5 mm region. Silicon carbide samples of different transparency were characterized to correlate the material transmission with other important material properties. Finally, use of transparent SiC as windows and domes for severe environments is discussed.

File characteristics: Software and Database; Binary character set. Physical description: 1 CD-ROM disc; 650MB. System requirements: MAC, PC, UNIX compatible; Windows, MAC, or UNIX; Adobe Acrobat 3.0 to view. CD-ROM contains the FY1999 Navy Budget in Adobe Acrobat Format with html links to related publications, such as last years budget, and defense review documents.

File characteristics: Textfile; ASCII character set. Physical description: 1 CD-ROM disc; col.; 600MB. System requirements: PC compatible computer; 486SX operating at 33 MHz, 4Mb of RAM; MS-DOS 5.0 or greater; Windows 3.1 or greater; a VGA monitor with 256 color capable video card; and a CD-ROM drive. The Chief of Staff of the Air Force, General Ronald R. Fogleman, tasked the Air University to look 30 years into the future to identify the concepts, capabilities, and technologies the U.S. will require to remain the dominant air and space force in the 21st Century. The 2025 study is published on the CD-ROM as a collection of 'White papers' consisting of an executive summary, an alternative futures monograph, an operational analysis monograph, and 37 individual papers, totaling more than 3300 pages of text., The Hard copy reports contained on the CD-Rom are also available individually as AD-A319 861 thru AD-A319 865, and AD-A319 867 thru AD-A319 869. The hard copies are not available as part of the CD-ROM. Volume 5 is available as AD-C057 493 and not on CD-ROM.

Sol-gel cerium - titanium oxide layers present potential application as transparent counter-electrode (ion storage layer) in electrochromic windows and mirrors using lithium conducting electrolyte and WO3 electrochromic coating. The precursor sol, prepared by mixing Ti(OPri)4 and Ce(NO3)6 (NH4)2 in ethanol, is initially dark red and becomes transparent after a few days aging indicating the presence of Ce3+ complexes. The layers have been obtained by dip coating technique and heat treated at 4509C during 15 minutes. They have been characterized by XRD, SIMS, optical absorption and electrochemical techniques; it is shown that the electrochemical reaction corresponds to a reversible insertion-extraction of lithium ions within a Ti02 amorphous film containing small CeO2 crystallites. At low sweep frequencies the process is controlled by a diffusion mechanism 6.4 10-12 cm -2/s at 2S9C). Characterizations of an all solid state electrochromic window/glass/ITO/ WO 3 / POE-Li N (SO 2 CF3)2 / 'TiO2 - CeO2 / ITO / glass / are also presented., This articles is from 'Sol-Gel Optics: Proceedings SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering Held in San Diego, California on 11-13 July 1990. Volume 1328, AD-A249 986, p375-390.

Sol-gel processing is used to make two new types of silica optics, Type V fully dense silica and Type VI optically transparent ultra-porous silica. Type VI silica is an ideal matrix for impregnation with second phases that are optically active, resulting in a hybrid optical material with a unique combination of properties. The processing and characteristics of several hybrid optical devices are discussed including hybrid dye lasers, scintillators and wavelength shifters, transpiration cooled windows, and laser written waveguides. Advantages of the hybrid optical components are discussed along with potential applications., This articles is from 'Sol-Gel Optics: Proceedings SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering Held in San Diego, California on 11-13 July 1990. Volume 1328, AD-A249 986, p230-240.

When a data analyst meets a complex dataset, graphics displays giving overall summaries are examined first, then more specific displays that highlight observed features are studied. Frequently, this involves selection of subsets, and point-and click-methods are intuitive and effective. Sometimes the observed features are investigated by altering details of the analysis, and then an interactive command interface (like S) can be more useful. A rainfall dataset with geographic and time components is used as an example. Graphics displays are done in a modified version of S that permits multiple graphics windows, and this is compared with xlispstat, xgobi, and datadesk., This article is from 'Computing Science and Statistics: Proceedings of the Symposium on Interface Critical Applications of Scientific Computing (23rd): Biology, Engineering, Medicine, Speech Held in Seattle, Washington on 21-24 April 1991,' AD-A252 938, p435-440.

This paper describes an approach to integrating various computing tools used in data analysis. Integration is accomplished by creating direct manipulation panels which control and link disparate software. The linked programs can perform data manipulation, numerical analysis, static or dynamic graphics. The two prototypes described here are integrated systems that are used to control data analysis sessions. XSmooth coordinates a smoothing session; it consists of a control panel and a plotting window and has a link to S. XClust coordinates a clustering session; it uses a panel to control an S process and one or more instances of XGobi, an interactive dynamic graphics program. The prototypes run in the X Window System TM., This article is from 'Computing Science and Statistics: Proceedings of the Symposium on Interface Critical Applications of Scientific Computing (23rd): Biology, Engineering, Medicine, Speech Held in Seattle, Washington on 21-24 April 1991,' AD-A252 938, p430-434.

Amorphous tungsten oxide layers are deposited via the sol-gel route. Aqueous solutions of tungstate salts (Na2WO4) or chloroalkoxides (WOC12(OPri)2) provide cheap and suitable precursors for the synthesis of W03, nH20 colloidal solutions. Layers of large area can be deposited by spray or dip-coating. They exhibit electrochromic properties and could be used for making display devices or smart windows. Their electrochromic properties depend on the structure of the oxide network and the amount of water of the W03, nH20 layers. Switching time and stability decrease when n increases due to faster ion diffusion. Optical absorption arising from electron delocalization varies with the crystalline structure of the oxide network. Both the structure and the hydration state of the layers depend on the experimental procedure. It is therefore possible to optimize the electrochromic properties of sol-gel derived layers., This articles is from 'Sol-Gel Optics: Proceedings SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering Held in San Diego, California on 11-13 July 1990. Volume 1328, AD-A249 986, p344 -352.

In this paper we develop an approach for creating a graphical user interface (GUI) for an existing command driven mainframe program. As an example of this approach, we present an implementation using the SCA Statistical System. The windows front-end to the SCA System runs on a personal computer using Microsoft Windows. The front-end communicates with the SCA System running on a mainframe or workstation through a serial communication device. This implementation demonstrates the advantage of using such an approach., This article is from 'Computing Science and Statistics: Proceedings of the Symposium on the Interface Critical Applications of Scientific Computing: Biology, Engineering, Medicine, Speech Held in Seattle, Washington on 21-24 April 1991,' AD-A252 938, p184-187.

Due to their low current consumption and their intrinsic simplicity polarization insensitive semiconductor travelling wave amplifiers (TWAs) are very attractive components for long haul non regenerated fiber transmissions systems. It appears up to now that only buried stripe with width less than one micron has enabled to obtain high gain and polarization insensitivity for low bias current I - 4. However realization of such narrow stripe leads to poor reproducibility in case of conventional laser structure. We have investigated a new structure, called modified double channel planar buried heterostructure (MDCPBH), which allows to process very narrow stripe with much better reproducibility than previously obtained. Recently high fiber to fiber gain and low polarization sensitivity have been published 4 using buried window structure but for cur-rent higher than 150 mA and it was necessary to use bulk optics for packaging. MDCPBH structure with small area square active stripe section and TiO2/SiO2 two layers coating has enabled to achieve simultaneously for TE and TM modes reflectivities as low as 10-4 and reproducible fiber to fiber gains higher than 14 dB using lensed fiber for bias current lower than 100 mA.

The sol-gel chemical processing method of producing fully dense silica optics provides an intermediate product termed Type VI silica ideally suited for use in engineering multifunctional silica optics. This paper reviews the sol-gel process, the Type V dense gel-silica produced by this process and the Type VI ultraporous gel-silica intermediate product. Included is a comparison of two different porous ultrastructures with 1.2 run and 8.0 nm average pore radii. Two uses of the porous gel-silica components as multifunctional optics are described. The first is for use in transpiration cooled windows in highspeed rocket guidance systems. Flow rates of He and N2 through the 1.2 rim and 8. 0 run ultrastructures are as high as 0. 9 m/min at 0. 75 MPa. High temperature UV transmission in contact with an impinging oxy-acetylene flame is demonstrated. Use of Type VI gel-silica as a host matrix for fast radiation-hard scintillating detectors is also reviewed., This article is from 'Multifunctional Materials Held in Boston, Massachusetts on November 29-December 1 1989. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. Volume 175,' AD-A253 089, p23-34.

The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) hosted the Symposium on Applications of Wavelets to Signal Processing during 20-22 March 1991 at the AFIT Science and Research Center, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. This was the first major academic meeting of its kind held at AFIT. The symposium was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Bolling AFB, DC. It focused on applications of wavelet to problems in image and speech processing, communications, and graphics and opened with a one-day short course, 'A Tutorial on Wavelets.' The symposium was attended by more than 220 researchers worldwide. They represented 15 foreign countries, 34 US universities, 218 private industrial firms, 15 DoD organizations, and six non-DoD US government organizations. Professor Alexander Grossmann was sponsored by the AFOSR Window on Science program. Volumes I and II contain, respectively, a synopsis of the symposium and the complete set of tutorial notes. (Author)

The objectives of this program relate to the design of a transparent armor installation for the UH-1D helicopter. This effort incorporated for the first time significant amounts of high performance glass/plastic laminate armor in an aircraft. Eight slipsets of armor were produced, one of which was installed and flight tested. Environmental testing was also conducted to define armor performance and characteristics.

The simultaneous measurement of absorption and emission spectroscopy is proposed to enable quantitative determination of the performance of a gaseous plasma solar energy receiver. Production of an experimental spectroscopy data base of species composed of hydrogen and selected Group 1 elements (the alkali metals) and Row 2 elements (carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen) approaching conditions heretofore unattained in a static gas spectrometer cell, 3000 K and 100 atmospheres, is the principal objective of the project. Preliminary design specifications for a spectrometer cell with automated flow control, pressure control, and plasma composition control are worked out in this interim report. The window to window distance of the cell is ten to fifteen inches and the optical path is one to three inches. Keywords: Solar Plasma Propulsion; Spectroscopy of Alkali Vapors; Spectroscopy of Alkali Metal Hydrides; Lithium Vapor; Lithium Hydride; Sodium Vapor; Sodium Hydride; Potassium Vapor; Potassium Hydride; Rubidium Vapor; Rubidium Hydride; Cesium Vapor; Cesium Hydride; Rhenium Furnace; Rhenium Thermocouple; Plasma Spectroscopy; Blackbody Receivers; Radiant Energy Transfer; Spectroradiometry; Radiation Trapping; Solar Thermal Propulsion; Laser Propulsion.

The power spectral density of steady-state waveforms can be readily computed by the classical periodogram (perhaps smoothed) of a sampled waveform. In the case of quasistationary signals, many times the short-time Fourier transform is used whose magnitude is displayed in a time-frequency spectral density, referred to as spectrogram in speech processing. This paper is a study of how the parameters for digitally performing the short-time Fourier transform of several known signals affect the resolution in both the time and frequency domains. The parameters which are investigated included window type, window length, and incremental delay of the sliding window. A comparison between the resulting spectrograms and the actual spectral density leads to an understanding of the parameter selections and the trade-offs necessary to achieve desirable results. (Author)

Optical property measurements of condensed contaminant films on cryogenically cooled substrates were completed for 18 additional materials to those reported in AEDC-TR-87-8, 'Surface Effects of Satellite Outgassing Products'. The materials studied were either being considered for use in space or in ground test chambers at Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC). Infrared spectral transmittance measurements were made for thin films of contaminant deposited on a 77 K germanium window under vacuum conditions (.000001 torr). Material temperatures were controlled at 125 C for 24 hr to provide the outgassing source. The objective of this report is to present the refractive (n) and absorptive (k) indices of the condensed outgassing products of satellite materials which have been determined from the experimental measurements of the infrared transmittance spectra. (AW)

Thin glass films prepared by the sol-gel method were deposited on glass supports. Divalent cobalt and divalent copper were used as optical probes for changes in the glass formation and re-arrangement of the silicate groups during the heat-treatments whereby the cobalt ion initially octahedrally coordinated was transformed into lower coordination as a result of elimination of water and increase of density of the glass. Divalent copper is also effective in infrared absorption and silver particles embedded in the films form narrow-band absorbing filter. Characterization of surfaces of thin films applied in coatings for lasers and laser windows is important in understanding and preventing damage of these materials. (jes)

Detail of upper story windows and roofline at 106 East 35th Street. Built in 1853-1854 ; sash alterations to the windows on 106 and 108 carried out by architects Renwick, Aspinwall and Russell in 1888.

Detail of windows on side of 23 Park Avenue. Originally built in 1898 for J. Hampden and Cornelia Van Rensselaer Robb. Architect: Stanford White of McKim, Mead & White. Acquired by the Advertising Club of New York in 1923. The group had the building remodeled by architect Fred F. French, and the club opened in 1924. During repairs following a 1946 fire, the building was expanded to include an adjacent home at 103 E. 35th St. The building is now an apartment house.

A survey of Detroit, Michigan was made to determine the types and distribution of tinder and kindling fuel arrays present in urban areas which can be ignited by thermal radiation from nuclear detonations. Data on urban characteristics which would effect the start and growth of radiation induced fires was also gathered. A total of 275 sites, distributed among 10 residential and 6 non-residential use classes was surveyed. (Author)

Methods for evaluating the significance of fallout ingress into shelters through broken windows are examined. A limited small-scale experimental simulation was performed to test the sensitivity of ingress-loading ratios to such variables as number of windows, window area, wind speed, and wind direction. In addition, a geometric method for estimating fallout ingress is described. The significance of fallout ingress in terms of increasing exposure of shelter occupants to ionizing radiation is assessed, both on a local and on a national scale. (Author)