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This paper introduces the specification and performance analysis of broad frequency range antenna for 5 G mobile phones. The suggested antenna functions at the frequency spectrum of 28 GHz and its configuration are permanently matched over very high frequency bands, including 4.25 GHz, 7.055 GHz, 12.48 GHz and 15.26 GHz, as well as for the reallocation of the expanded 5 G spectrum of communications. Mobile terminals are compliant with the antenna that is being built.

A compact Super Wide band (SWB) antenna fed by coplanar waveguide (CPW) is proposed in this paper. The size of the antenna is 140 × 100mm2 (0.16λ × 0.12λ). The antenna originates from 3D volcano smoke antenna, and consists of a prolonged radiation patch and a symmetrical ground. Both the patch and ground were designed as smoothing structure, which can improve the impedance matching through a wide band. The simulated and measured bandwidth show that the antenna has a well-matched impedance bandwidth from 400MHz to higher than 20GHz under VSWR = 2 criterion, and the bandwidth ratio is greater than 50:1. The gain, efficiency and radiation pattern were all measured, and the maximum gain and efficiency are 6.3dBi and 96%, respectively. The antenna was also used to measure the ambient radiation frequency (RF) density in an urban area of Nanjing in China, which on the other hand proves the efficiency of this design.

In this paper, a novel technique using frequency selective surface (FSS) superstrate is proposed to increase the antenna gain. In addition to that, a combination of reactive impedance surfaces (RIS) is included to enhance the bandwidth. So, a conventional pentagon shape patch antenna is designed at 5.3 GHz. The frequency selective surface is designed as a 6×6 array of unit cell structures to operate around 5.3 GHz. Each unit cell consists of three metal conductive layers with substrates in between them. Reactive Impedance Surface is considered as an array size of 6×6 square patches embedded between two substrates. FSS is designed on Rogers 4003C and FR4 is used for RIS. The pentagon shape patch antenna is designed on RIS. A cavity created by the contribution of these layers acts like a fabry perot resonator which improves the gain and bandwidth simultaneously. The proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 17.72% (4.93-5.89 GHz); this is about a 10 percent improvement over the impedance bandwidth of a conventional pentagon shape antenna and the axial ratio bandwidth is 2.4% (5.01-5.14 GHz). The designed antenna gain is around 12dBi; this is about a 9 dBi improvement over the gain of a conventional pentagon shape antenna.

Microstrip patch antennas are widely used for enormous wireless applications as they are very compact in size and easy to fabricate and are highly recommended for multiband applications. The antenna must be designed in such a way that a single antenna can be used for multiple applications and multiple frequency ranges with smooth shifting of operating frequency. The antenna must be a wideband such that it can witness the communication between the devices in wireless environment for various applications. This chapter brings some of the important designs which are proposed by various remarkable authors whose contribution towards the wireless communication is a state of the art. The chapter gives a clear-cut idea about how the patch has changed its directions from a traditional design to an utmost complicated yet easy to fabricate fractal in nature multiband application antenna.

This paper investigates the design and practical implementation of a Super Wide Band (SWB) antenna along with the application of fundamental bandwidth limitation theory of small antennas in the proposed design. The antenna is designed on a material with permittivity, εr = 3 where the patch metallization height is maintained as 0.035 mm. The designed antenna is then modified by enhancing the copper patch with an additional layer of 28.5 mm thickness. The proposed antenna achieves a huge frequency range with a ratio bandwidth starting from 96.96:1 to as high as 115.10: 1. The designed antenna operating band with thinner height starts from 1.65 to 160 GHz while with the added patch metallic height, the antenna operates from a minimum of 1.39 to 160 GHz with an average nominal bandwidth of more than 158 GHz. By enhancing the patch height, the antenna spherical volume is utilized more efficiently. Using this principle, the antenna impedance bandwidth is augmented while a reduction in electrical size is achieved. A comparison with the fundamental theories by Chu and Mclean illustrates that the designed SWB antenna electrical size exceeds Mclean and nearly touches the Chu fundamental limit curve. This eventually offers the maximized bandwidth with the most compact size for an SWB antenna. The designed antenna with thinner patch metallization height is practically fabricated and measured up to 67 GHz using Vector Network Analyzer to provide experimental validation.

This paper investigates the time-domain performance of a switchable filter impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) antenna for microwave breast imaging applications. A miniaturized CPW-fed integrated filter antenna with switchable performance in the range of the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) bands could operate well within a 3.0 to 11 GHz frequency range. The time-domain performance of the filter antenna was investigated in comparison to that of the designed reference wideband antenna. By comparing both antennas’ time-domain characteristics, it was seen that the switchable filter antenna had good time-domain resolution along with the frequency-domain operation. Additionally, the time-domain investigation revealed that the switchable filter wide-band antenna performed similarly to the reference wide band antenna. This antenna was also utilized for a tumor detection application, and it was seen that the switchable filter wide-band antenna could detect a miniaturized irregularly shaped tumor easily, which is quite promising. Such an antenna with a good time-domain resolution and tumor detection capability will be a good candidate and will find potential applications in microwave breast imaging.

The television white space is the unused frequency spectrum in the UHF band used for television transmission. The paper presents the design of wide band antenna to utilize the range of frequencies in the television white space (TVWS) and to avoid the spectrum crunch. A rectangular ring monopole antenna with symmetrical rectangular defected ground structure is projected having a generous bandwidth of 677 MHz. The use of DGS is for enhancement of bandwidth also the ring patch improves the bandwidth and the reflection coefficient. The total dimension of the antenna is 150 mm X 200 mm. FR4 epoxy is used to reduce the cost and its height is 1.6 mm. The application of this unused TVWS spectrum is in Wi-Fi services.

In this paper, we proposed a wide band antenna array for fifth-generation (5G) wireless cellular networks. The proposed antenna array is composed of 8 bow-tie shape radiation elements and a modified T power divider. The single bowtie shape antenna yields an S11

This paper presents a wide-band planar patch antenna working in 5G candidate band of 28 GHz. The structure of the patch resembles four flower petals equidistantly apart from each other. The defected ground structure is introduced to achieve wider bandwidth. A high gain wide band patch antenna is obtained by exciting the antenna at the high order modes. A single element patch is designed and investigated for its higher order mode performance, which is later adopted to design a two element multiple input multiple output (MIMO) array; the MIMO antenna covers a broad bandwidth of 14.5 GHz from 25.5 GHz to 41 GHz. The simulated results demonstrate a good impedance match with isolation below -25 dB across the entire band.

L-strip fed printed circular slot antenna presented L-strip fed with circular slot on patch which achieved the triple band frequency range between 3GHz to 9GHz. The third band of antenna offers the 27.3% bandwidth which is applicable for UWB and WLAN applications. The dielectric constant is 4.2 and its overall dimension is 42x55x3.2mm3 with parasitic substrate have same height 1.6mm. The results of proposed antenna with L-fed along with radiation patterns, reflection coefficient (S 11 ) and surface current density of antenna is presented and discussed.

A single-layer ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna loaded with an asymmetrical U-shaped slot for millimetre wave application is presented in this paper. The antenna is coaxial fed, and it is implemented on a Roger 5880 substrate with a relative dielectric constant of 2.2, thickness 3.15 mm, and loss tangent 0.0009. It operates over the frequency in the Ka-band from 31 to 37 GHz in the microwave spectrum. The results of the simulated reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, and maximum gain of the antenna are in fair agreement with the measured ones. Moreover, the measured reflection coefficient is carried out in the labs. The gain of The peak value of 7.4 dB is obtained at 34 GHz.

This paper presents pyramid type of wide-band Dielectric Resonator Antenna(DRA). In this antenna pyramid type of structure is erected over Defective Ground Structure (DGS) to augment the bandwidth of antenna. Pyramid structure of different height of steps is merged. The wide improvement in bandwidth of the DRA is presented with the help of the proper mixing of several modes and is found to be in well agreement for Wide band applications.

A new wide band antenna is proposed for applications in wireless communication systems. The proposed antenna is a combination of a dipole and slot radiating elements and it is formed by two metal sheets of symmetrical shapes separated by a S-shape slot. The antenna can be located above a metal ground and it is fed by a 500hm transmission line at the middle of the slot. A case of the semi-circular metal shapes in free space and above the circular ground plane (reflector) with a Teflon ring to support the dipole shapes has been analyzed. It has been shown that the antenna bandwidth varies from 30% to 50%. The realized gain of the antenna with the reflector is 8dB across the operational band.

In this paper a new designed thin wide band antenna is introduced. The proposed monopole antenna which was fabricated on flexible substrate has compact geometry area of 51 ⨯ 22 mm2 that makes it suitable for handheld applications. The antenna was featured with three rectangular slabs at the bottom layer in order to improve boresight gain performance over spectrum of operation. Moreover., the antenna produces semi omni directive radiation and has radiation efficiency more than 90 % over its bandwidth of operation. The antenna design along with simulation and experimental results are presented in this work.

A wideband, flexible printed antenna, fed via the Co-Planar Waveguide (CPW) geometry, with high gain is presented in this paper. The high gain was realized by using a reflector on the same level with the radiator and around it. The high gain performance of the antenna was observed throughout the whole wide spectrum of 1.53 GHz to 2.74 GHz, with a percentage bandwidth of approximately 57%. For flexibility, the antenna was printed on the flexible Rogers Ultralam 3850 substrate. With such characteristics, the antenna can be recognized in a number of wireless applications; such as, WLAN, WI-Max and RFID, as well as, wearable applications.

Human hand, including bone and muscle, will cause antenna detuning and efficiency absorption, especially for the mobile phone with full metal ID (industrial design). A novel reconfiguring mobile antenna is proposed in this paper to improve the hand performance of full metal ID mobile antenna. Firstly, a novel wide band antenna with very small clearance is presented in free space. However, hand influence study shows when left hand grips the phone, the antenna efficiency drops a lot. Finally, by using switches, the radiating areas of the proposed antenna are reconfigured for left hand. Compared with the original antenna, the efficiency of the proposed antenna improves 18.2% for left-hand gripping at 1.8 GHz. Moreover, the reconfiguring antenna is designed based on a single antenna, so the whole structure is very compact.

A dual band microstrip patch antenna with meandering ground plane is presented in this paper. The antenna covers the frequency range of 2.73–2.83 GHz, WLAN band (5.15 to 5.35 GHz and 5.72 to 5.85 GHz) and uplink C band (5.925 to 6.425 GHz). The fractional bandwidths antenna at the lower band is about 3.59% (2.73–2.83 GHz) and at the upper band about 36% (4.83–7 GHz). The patch slots and pyramidal shape has found to be responsible for the dual wide band antenna characteristic. Maximum gain at the lower (2.75 GHz) and upper band (5.8 GHz) of the antenna is 0.6 dB and 2 dB respectively.

A 25×25×1.6mm3 implementation of a microstrip-fed printed monopole antenna for the future UWB wireless systems application is presented. It has features of possesses band notched function (from 4.88 to 6.07GHz), extremely wide impedance bandwidth (from 2.58 to 18GHz) and its compact size. By using a smooth tapering between the semi fractal-shaped patch and the half ellipse-shaped defected ground plane, the wide impedance bandwidth is achieved with ratio bandwidth larger than 6.97:1. Numerical and experimental results are in good agreement and they indicate that the proposed antenna has a measured 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of 149.8%, except the rejected WLAN band.

The Vivaldi antenna is a kind of wide band antenna, which is widely used in many wide band electronic systems. This paper designed and fabricated a specific antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) for practical application. The operating frequency range of fabricated AVA is from 2 GHz to 11GHz. The length and width of the fabricated AVA are 92.7millimeter and 110.4millimeter, respectively. A practical AVA was fabricated according to simulation parameters. The experimental results of the AVA are provided and analyzed. For the fabricated AVA, the measured average voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is 2 and gains are higher than 0 dB within the operating frequency range. Meanwhile, the wide beam performances are also observed. The experimental research on the AVA can be as a technical reference for the design and implementation of other Vivaldi antennas.

This paper presents the family of logarithmically periodic toothed planer antennas. In this the dimensions of the succes-sive sections were increased in geometric progression for a wide bandwidth usage. A band width of 7% for trapezoid toothed, 26% for zigzag toothed and 50% for cross-toothed VSWR < 2 has been obtained from the proposed antennas. Investigations on the gain and radiation characteristics have been carried out. The investigations show that the pro-posed designs not only offers the enhanced bandwidth but also possesses the same characteristics over the desired fre-quency band at same probe feed position.

This paper presents a novel patch antenna for TV white spaces applications. The shape of the proposed antenna is based on the shape of a wineglass. The dimension of the proposed antenna is 170 mm x 120 mm x 1.6 mm. After simulation, the proposed antenna resonates at 703 MHz with a return loss of -21.97 dB and covering a bandwidth from 495 MHz to 1540 MHz. Overall bandwidth coverage is 1045 MHz. So the proposed antenna is a wide band antenna covering almost the entire TV Ultra High Frequency (UHF) range. Simulated VSWR obtained at 703 MHz is 1.38 dB and simulated gain is 2.32 dB. The proposed antenna is fabricated using FR4 substrate and tested on Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The measured return loss of fabricated antenna is -20.20 dB at 596 MHz. Proposed antenna shows the simulated radiation efficiency of 95%. Simulated and measured results showed good match between them. Proposed design is compared with few designs available in literature to validate its novelty and advantages.