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An improved vacuum infusion (VI) process, called dynamic pressure molding (DPM), has been proposed to reduce void formation during infusion. In this method, the conventional VARTM process is modified by mounting a rigid chamber on top of the mold. The compaction pressure on the vacuum bag and the infusion pressure are independently and dynamically controlled during infusion to achieve the optimal impregnation for avoiding void formation. To reduce the postinfusion time, the premature sealing of the inlet, the heated air compression, and the two-sided drainage are also used in the DPM. Two different characteristics of the preform are tested at various infusion strategies. A one-dimensional nonisothermal filling model coupled with preform deformation is performed to numerically analyze the complete filling process. Results show that the four-step DPM enables at least 96.53 % of the infusion phase to be within the optimal infusion mode, but its effectiveness in reducing the total filling time depends on the preform characteristics. Several limitations of the DPM are interpreted. For comparison purposes, the typical VI process is also modeled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel-based alloys are the primary structural materials in steam generators of high-temperature gas reactors. To understand the irradiation effect of nickel-based alloys, it is necessary to examine dislocation movement and its interaction with irradiation defects at the microscale. Hardening due to voids and Ni3Al precipitates may significantly impact irradiation damage in nickel-based alloys. This paper employs the molecular dynamics method to analyze the interaction between edge dislocations and irradiation defects (void and Ni3Al precipitates) in face-centered cubic nickel. The effects of temperature and defect size on the interaction are also explored. The results show that the interaction process of the edge dislocation and irradiation defects can be divided into four stages: dislocation free slip, dislocation attracted, dislocation pinned, and dislocation unpinned. Interaction modes include the formation of stair-rod dislocations and the climbing of extended dislocation bundles for voids, as well as the generation of stair-rod dislocation and dislocation shear for precipitates. Besides, the interactions of edge dislocations with voids and Ni3Al precipitates are strongly influenced by temperature and defect size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The core of Mies van der Rohe still remains as a vast void. Since the Friedrichstrasse Skyscraper Project in 1921, Mies's manifestos have always been mediated to the world through the unbuilt projects. In Mies's planes, there is a dialectic between the manifesto and the realized works in the unbuilt projects, which complement each other's dimensions, and only in this way can Mies the architect be historicized. However, upon examining the unbuilt projects in detail, hidden qualities have been uncovered that have not yet been recognized by historians and critics. Thus far, more than 35 unbuilt projects have been analyzed academically, both known and unknown, creating hypothetical spaces in the form of drawings, 3D modeling, and physical models. The unexplored qualities that have emerged in this process are, in short, the phenomenological manifestation of space and Mies's particular view of nature, as well as the spiritual boundaries that lie behind these planes of perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution of voids in ceramic topcoats (TC) and the micro-roughness of metallic bond coat (BC) interfaces are important for the structure design and coating life of thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems. In this study, finite elemental (FE) models were built by considering those two structural factors to investigate their influence on the stress distribution in TBCs in quenching processes under thermal shock conditions. According to the simulation analyses, the function of the voids in TCs includes the dilution effect of the stress concentration at the macro-scale, the releasing effect of the tensile stress along the vertical direction above the TC peak, and the "stress trapping" effect bringing higher stress at the horizontal tips of the voids on the micro-scale. The micro-roughness of the TC/BC interface did not have much effect on the stress values in the TC, aside from at the TC peak, but had a significant influence on the stress value along the interface due to the "stress trapping" effect. The TBC samples that were experimentally tested under water-cooling thermal shock conditions were also analyzed in this paper to verify the modelling results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

n order to solve the misjudgment caused by poor fit when the open transformer method is used to detect the short circuit fault between the stator core laminations of the AC motor, the influence of the gap between the core section of the open-ended transformer and the stator tooth top on the detection results was analyzed theoretically. It was proposed to install the insulation gasket material on the original core section. The tolerance of the internal magnetic flux of the open-ended transformer core after the insulation gasket to the poor fit in the measurement process is deduced and verified, and the induced electromotive force characteristics of the open-ended transformer were further obtained. Then, the two-dimensional electromagnetic simulation verification was carried out on the stator of QFSN-300-2 turbine generator, and the experimental verification was further completed on the stator core of a small three-phase asynchronous motor. The results show that the poor fit between the core section and the top surface of the stator tooth has a great influence on the detection results in the measurement process of the open transformer method, which may lead to misjudgment. Adding a certain thickness of insulation gasket to the core section of the open transformer can greatly reduce the influence of the gap and improve the anti-interference ability of the detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internal road voids can lead to decreased load-bearing capacity, which may result in sudden road collapse, posing threats to traffic safety. Three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar (3D GPR) detects internal road structures by transmitting high-frequency electromagnetic waves into the ground and receiving reflected waves. However, due to noise interference during detection, accurately identifying void areas based on GPR-collected images remains a significant challenge. Therefore, in order to more accurately detect and identify the void areas inside the road, this study proposes an intelligent recognition method for internal road voids based on 3D GPR. First, extensive data on internal road voids was collected using 3D GPR, and the GPR echo characteristics of void areas were analyzed. To address the issue of poor image quality in GPR images, a GPR image enhancement model integrating multi-frequency information was proposed by combining the Unet model, Multi-Head Cross Attention mechanism, and diffusion model. Finally, the intelligent recognition model and enhanced GPR images were used to achieve intelligent and accurate recognition of internal road voids, followed by engineering validation. The research results demonstrate that the proposed road internal void image enhancement model achieves significant improvements in both visual effects and quantitative evaluation metrics, while providing more effective void features for intelligent recognition models. This study offers technical support for precise decision making in road maintenance and ensuring safe road operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Void is a common defect in the preparation of FeCrNiCoCu high - entropy alloy. Thus, this paper employs molecular dynamic simulation to build FeCrNiCoCu models with void for uniaxial tension simulation, and explores the effect of the voids location, void radius and deformation temperature on the mechanical properties. It is found that the void in the crystal with the Z -axis orientation of [111] and at the grain-boundary(GB) will seriously reduce the yield strain and yield stress, but have little effect on the Young's modulus of the model. With the increase of the void radius at the grain boundary, in the elastic stage, the increase of the void radius increases the area of stress concentration, which is conducive to dislocation nucleation, and the mechanical proper- ties of the model decrease accordingly. In the plastic deformation stage, with the increase of the void radius, the initial dislocations tend to expand to the crystal with the Z axis orientation of [001]. The model maintains good mechanical properties at medium and low temperatures; at high temperature, the mechanical properties decrease significantly. In the high temperature plastic deformation stage, the total length of dislocation in the model is low, and the average flow stress is also low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilizes the finite element limit analysis (FELA) method to numerically investigate the effect of single and dual voids on the vertical bearing capacity of nearshore large-diameter monopiles in marine clay. After validating the numerical model, numerous numerical analyses in predicting the behavior of the pile-void system were conducted under different geometric parameters of pile and void, different pile-void distances, and different undrained shear strengths. These numerical results can be expressed in the form of design charts for vertical capacity reduction coefficients, which can facilitate a quick and straightforward assessment of pile capacity considering single and dual voids by multiplying the capacity without voids by respective coefficients. In addition, the numerical results can further give the contours of the plastic multiplier of the pile-void system which can be used to graphically conclude several representative failure modes. In short, this study intuitively illustrates the void effect on the pile vertical bearing capacity (including failure mode) and shows the significant differences between the cases with single and dual voids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analytical and numerical solutions for the problem of geosynthetic-reinforced fills over a void have been the subject of investigation for the last four decades. A common feature of this prior work is that all methods have treated the analytical solutions as deterministic. While the treatment of some input parameters must be taken as deterministic, there are other parameters that have uncertainty. Furthermore, the underlying mechanistic models for load and resistance terms in the limit state equations for the reinforced fill over a void problem can be expected to have different accuracy. This paper revisits the problem of geosynthetic-reinforced fills over voids from a probabilistic point of view for reinforcement tensile strain, tensile strength, and geosynthetic stiffness limit states. Particular attention is paid to the method used to select the isochronous stiffness of the reinforcement and the associated uncertainty in the magnitude of that value. The paper demonstrates how the factor of safety from deterministic past practice can be linked quantitatively to the reliability index used in contemporary probabilistic design. Finally, the paper demonstrates the advantage of using product-specific constant-load creep test results to maximise margins of safety for strength and stiffness limit states in both deterministic and probabilistic frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Railway Construction Technology is the property of Railway Construction Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article scrutinizes the existential void in Iain Reid's novel I'm Thinking of Ending Things (2016). It utilizes existentialism as its theoretical basis in analyzing the novel, with special references to such philosophers as Kierkegaard, Heidegger, and Sartre. The whole novel lends itself to the existential void through a sense of anxiety, estrangement, and uncertainty. This leaves the narrator in a psycho-existential state of negation, which characterizes her relationship with the surrounding world. She cannot confirm the existence of things, and she is not sure, nor is the reader, whether things happened, are happening, or even will happen. The fictionality of the form of the novel imbues the fictional reality of the narrator's life, which negates the very basis on which it is built, embodying the existential notion of void. It is an embodiment of its own existence. That is, its existence is determined by its negation. The narrator's existence and the events narrated become mere possibilities. Her bemused consciousness puts her in a state of existential emptiness. This emptiness triggers the desire to escape Being. It results in the possibility of self-destruction by committing suicide by the end of the novel, as suicide seems to the narrator to be more authentic than being deluded by an aimless quest for finding meaning in a fragmentary life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ‘relational turn’ has been widely embraced in Human Geography and related fields over the last couple of decades as an alternative to the hubris of modern and colonial reasoning. Yet, increasingly, concerns over the extent that contemporary conceptualisations are overly ‘generative’, ‘productivist’ and ‘affirmational’ has come to the fore. There is significant interest in the possibilities for more negative understandings, highlighting failure, attrition, voiding, exhaustion, impotentiality, incompleteness and attributes of ‘non‐relation’. We draw out how, to date, most of these approaches have developed a hermeneutic approach, seeking to bring the negative and the non‐relational into the world as forces of disruption and refusal, holding open other possibilities of knowing and being in the world and enabling alternative political imaginaries. This paper seeks to outline an alternative mode of critique, one that places both relational and negative approaches under the scrutiny of an ‘abyssal’ approach. Here, after Fanon, the world violently forged into the global colour line is bifurcated via the construction of the modern subject, capable of reading itself as a subject in the world and through Human Geography as a field of study. In this always already antiblack world, the goal of ‘Abyssal Geography’ is not to continue worlding the modern subject in new ways, but to analyse and critique the mechanisms and shifts in critical thought through which Human Geography continues to salvage and to redeem the purchase of the modern subject and the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on how soil's inherent variability, driven by environmental changes, introduces substantial uncertainty into geotechnical considerations. Voids forming underground are a key source of this uncertainty, affecting subsoil structures like piles. Using a two-dimensional discrete-element method and considering both fundamental (micro) and engineering (macro) approaches, this study investigates the influence of voids in sandy soil on a pile's behavior, especially on the pile's bearing capacity and lateral pressure coefficient acting upon its shaft. The results reveal a critical zone around the pile where voids can dramatically reduce the pile's bearing capacity, with load reductions of up to 63% in the most extreme cases. Surprisingly, voids have a minimal impact on the lateral pressure coefficient along the pile wall. Thus, it is deduced that the primary cause of the pile's load reduction in the presence of the void is the decreased resistance at the pile's tip. In summary, this research underscores how voids in sandy soil significantly affect the bearing capacity of piles, emphasizing the importance of understanding these effects for safe and efficient subsoil structure design in geotechnical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For small-sized structures or devices, size-dependent effect and thermal-induced deformation become the main concerns in guiding their practical applications. To reveal such concerns of porous structures, the dynamic response of a finite porous microrod, subjected to a moving heat source and fixed at both ends, is investigated based on the non-local elasticity theory and the theory for porous materials with thermal relaxation. The corresponding governing equations are formulated and solved using Laplace transform and its numerical inversion. The distributions of the non-dimensional temperature displacement stress and volume fraction are obtained and illustrated graphically. In the simulation, the effects of the non-local parameter, the velocity of the heat source, and the thermal lag factor on the considered quantities are examined and illustrated graphically. Comparisons between the microrod with voids and without voids are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a Sn37Pb solder joint was subjected to mechanical loading (constant 5 N force applied in the vertical direction) for a duration of 400 h in order to investigate the evolution of micro-voids. Under electromechanical loading, micro-voids exhibited growth and subsequent shrinkage. Solder joint resistance initially increased and then decreased. The decrease in void volume and the reduction in solder joint resistance are both attributed to the creep deformation occurring in the vertical direction of the solder joint. Notably, no significant element migration was observed within the solder joints after 400 h of loading. The significant stress gradients within the solder joints result in increased back stress, thus balancing the electromigration stress and completely suppressing element migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In It Keeps Seeing You, red and black interlinked virtual scenes are composed from drawings acting as portals, photographs and 3D scans by Eva Davidova. Inspired by a poem by Zhivka Baltadzhieva, and sound by Matthew D. Gantt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The bearing capacity and settlements of surface foundations located on a soil slope are the important issues that have to be considered by geotechnical engineers for the design. The presence of an underground void beneath the footing can affect the foundation stability and can lead to serious structure damages. In this study, the results of two-dimensional (2D) discrete element (DE) and finite element (FE) analyses of a surface footing on a soil slope above a void are presented. To validate the numerical model results, the DE results obtained have been compared with experimental test presented in the previous study. After validation of the DE numerical model, parametric studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of important factors on the surface footing performance. The studied parameters include the horizontal spacing of the void axis relative to the slope edge (SH), the vertical spacing of the void crown relative to the footing base (SV), the horizontal spacing of the footing edge relative to the slope edge (De) and the void diameter (Dv). The effects of these parameters on the pressure-settlement curves and the contact force distributions in the soil slope are presented and discussed. The results showed that the footing bearing pressure increases with an increase of SH, SV and De but decreases when Dv increases. The behavior of a surface footing on a soil slope above a void significantly depends on the SV value.

This article deals with the topic of void as a design instrument and theory in architectural design, with a focus on Rem Koolhaas and his specific void design approach. The primary goal is to examine Koolhaas’ perception and usage of void as a design element to continue his theory of the Strategy of the Void I and II by creating some novel design strategies similar to his. To achieve this, the topic of void was broadly analyzed, reaching from the analysis and interpretation of various writings and theoretical works to four pivotal void-projects from Koolhaas. As a result, a genealogy surrounding Koolhaas’ Strategy of the Void I and II has emerged alongside four distinct design strategies which are named after their used void design action of (a) juxtaposition, (b) superposition, (c) cutting, and (d) excavating. Each of these strategies can be used to create a specific design outcome such as (a) an overarching concept, (b) a connection between entities (circulation), (c) architectural spaces, and (d) a contrast. Moreover, it was found that the former two strategies can be categorized as preceding and the latter two as proceeding void design strategies in relation to Koolhaas’ original ones.

Abstract To address the design challenge of the rock-socketed piles posed by the void located below the pile tip, the physical laboratory model tests were designed and performed to simulate rock socketed piles using similar materials. The study investigates the behavior of the single pile under axial loading with the void located at varying distances from the pile tip. Through multi-level load tests, the variations of unit pile side friction, pile tip resistance, pile axial force and pile settlement are obtained for different positions of the void from the pile tip, as well as after grouting. Its comparison to the rock-socketed pile without void is performed as a reference to quantify the reduction in its bearing capacity. The results are presented in the form of graphs for different void positions and its grouting shows the influence on pile bearing capacity and emphasizes the importance of its detailed cautious investigation and introduction in the analysis. The 2D finite element modeling of the model pile-the void based on ABAQUS is performed to further investigate the influence of the void below pile tip on the bearing capacity of model pile, applying the Mohr Coulomb model as the constitutive model of rock mass behavior. The critical distance of the void below the pile tip is determined.

The interaction between irradiation defects and dislocations could lead to macroscopic hardening and embrittlement. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) and machine learning were conducted to study three-dimensional void- and Cu-cluster-induced kinetics models under interaction with dislocations in body-centered cubic Fe-based alloys. MD Results show that dislocation climb and shear are two types of interaction mechanism based on the defect size. Combined MD results and machine learning, it was found that the dislocation length increased linearly with an increase in the size of the defects after the interaction. In addition, the number of atoms in the Cu-rich cluster and the reduced number of vacancies in the voids had a square relationship with the defect size where 0.85D2 is for Cu-rich cluster and 0.50D2 is for void. Furthermore, atomic-scale three-dimensional irradiation-induced defect kinetics models were developed and incorporated into the crystal plasticity finite element model (CPFEM). We also analyzed the contributions of various defects to the increase in the yield stress during CPFEM simulation. Compared with DBH model, the prediction of MD data-driven CPFEM matches better with the experimental data. Cluster contributed the most to hardening with low obstacle strength due to the higher number density compared with dislocation loops and voids. The loops also contributed to hardening; however, their contribution was smaller than that of the clusters. Although the number density and size of voids were minimized, they may have contributed because of the high obstacle strengths. This work can indeed deepen the understanding of irradiation effect in Fe-based alloys.

The bearing capacity and settlements of surface foundations located on a soil slope are the important issues that have to be considered by geotechnical engineers for the design. The presence of an underground void beneath the footing can affect the foundation stability and can lead to serious structure damages. In this study, the results of two-dimensional (2D) discrete element (DE) and finite element (FE) analyses of a surface footing on a soil slope above a void are presented. To validate the numerical model results, the DE results obtained have been compared with experimental test presented in the previous study. After validation of the DE numerical model, parametric studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of important factors on the surface footing performance. The studied parameters include the horizontal spacing of the void axis relative to the slope edge (SH), the vertical spacing of the void crown relative to the footing base (SV), the horizontal spacing of the footing edge relative to the slope edge (De) and the void diameter (Dv). The effects of these parameters on the pressure-settlement curves and the contact force distributions in the soil slope are presented and discussed. The results showed that the footing bearing pressure increases with an increase of SH, SV and De but decreases when Dv increases. The behavior of a surface footing on a soil slope above a void significantly depends on the SV value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the issues raised under the topics of "ijtihād and taqlīd" is the invalidity of an obligatory act in the absence of taqlīd and caution, which almost all Shi'a jurists believe is invalid. The need to address this issue is because a person, after years of acting without imitation and caution, decides to perform actions with imitation of a mujtahid or caution from then on. Now, if his past deeds are invalid, he will suffer a lot of hardship to make up for his past deeds. In this article, in an analytical-descriptive method and citing library sources, the theories and arguments of Shi'a jurists have been criticized, and the basic question has been answered that, "in the case of action without imitation and caution, are all the past actions of the obligee (mukallaf) are considered void and should be made up for?" "And what is the criterion of the validity or invalidity of such a person's action the opinion of the mujtahid during the action or during the recourse?" By examining the evidence, it has been concluded that if such an action is in accordance with the facts or in accordance with the opinion of one of the two mujtahids during the action and during the reference (valid evidence), it is permissible and valid and does not require the compensation of past actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Giuseppe Samonà was one of the most influential figures in 20th century Italian architecture and urban culture. In 1967, Samonà and his team submitted a competition proposal for the extension of the Camera dei deputati in Rome, considered by many to be one of the most significant and conceptually mature projects of his career. By examining the design and the report appended to the competition submittal the author explores the concept of the void that is the backbone of the project and finds that it has a twofold interpretation. Apart from the obvious physical manifestation of emptying, the void is also a meditative device, an incorporeal entity that relies on the body of the new insert to show the complexity of the history of the Roman site. It is in this inversion of the usual interpretation of the concept of void as being independent nothingness that allure of the project itself lies. By presenting the archival material and contemporary research, the author brings into focus a part of Samonà's extraordinary contribution to the architecture and urban culture of the 20th century that surprisingly remains unrevealed to non-Italian audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was specifically focused on how different degrees of crystallinity affect the structural changes in crystalline polymers when exposed to high-pressure hydrogen gas. Four nylon 11 samples with different crystallinities were prepared and subsequently exposed to 90 MPa hydrogen gas for one day, followed by rapid decompression. The differences in structure before and immediately after exposure, as well as the structural recovery process over approximately several days, were investigated mainly by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). For all nylon 11 samples, the WAXD results indicated increased crystallinity due to exposure, while the SAXS results indicated void formation during the depressurization process. The SAXS results also indicated that the voids gradually shrank with time after decompression and that the time dependence of shrinkage was strongly correlated with crystallinity. • Structural changes in nylon 11 exposed to high-pressure hydrogen were studied. • The exposure resulted in an increase in crystallinity and void formation. • Structural changes and recovery processes are highly dependent on crystallinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of a reinforced fill over a void has been the subject of much research in the geosynthetics literature. Previous studies have mainly focused on finding closed-form solutions to predict the tensile loads and strains in the reinforcement layer once a void develops below the fill. In this paper, a 2D finite difference (FLAC) model that implements the hyperbolic isochronous load-strain model for the reinforcement by Bathurst and Naftchali (2021) is used to investigate the influence of the rate-dependent properties of polymeric geosynthetic reinforcement materials on reinforcement tensile strains and load, and overall system performance including vertical deformation at the reinforcement elevation and at the fill surface. The paper also investigates the influence of fill soil properties and constitutive model type, foundation condition, void geometry and fill height on system performance. The results of numerical modelling are compared to predictions made using the closed-form solution of Giroud et al. (1990) and in the BSI 8006-1 (2010) design code. The results of numerical modelling demonstrate that the choice of fill height to void width and the stiffness of the rate-dependent geosynthetic reinforcement layer are important to ensure that the maximum reinforcement strain, allowable strength and fill surface settlement criteria are not exceeded. • A numerical 2D FLAC model is used to perform a parametric analysis of the reinforced fill over a void problem. • The numerical approach is validated against a full-scale test reported in the literature. • A simple rate-dependent hyperbolic isochronous load-strain (creep) model is used for the geosynthetic reinforcement. • The ratio of fill height to void width and the reinforcement stiffness are shown to strongly influence numerical outcomes. • The results of numerical modelling are compared to predictions made using two well-known closed-form solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research article deals with the reflection of plane waves in a micropolar thermoelastic diffusion solid half-space with voids in the context of Lord-Shulman theory of thermoelasticity. The governing equations are formulated to obtain two velocity equations. The plane wave solution of these velocity equations indicate the existence of six plane waves, a set of four coupled longitudinal displacement waves and a set of two coupled transverse displacement wave namely coupled longitudinal displacement wave $ (LD - 1) $ (LD − 1) , coupled thermal wave $ (LD - 2) $ (LD − 2) , coupled mass diffusion wave $ (LD - 3) $ (LD − 3) , coupled longitudinal void volume fraction wave $ (LD - 4) $ (LD − 4) and coupled transverse displacement wave $ (TD - 1) $ (TD − 1) , coupled transverse micro-rotational wave $ (TD - 2) $ (TD − 2). A reflection of the plane wave from a stress-free thermally insulated surface is studied to obtain the reflection coefficients and energy ratios of reflected waves. The reflection coefficients and energy ratios of the reflected waves are computed for a particular material and the variations of the reflection coefficients and energy ratios against the angle of incidence are shown graphically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tunnel Construction / Suidao Jianshe (Zhong-Yingwen Ban) is the property of Tunnel Construction Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in portable electronic devices, the transportation sector, and grid storage. However, LIB anodes are restricted to carbon‐based materials limiting their energy density. Recently, the use of metallic Li as the anode in Li‐metal (LMBs) and solid‐state (LMSSBs) batteries has gained attention due to the high energy densities it can provide. Herein, the research progress in the field to derive a broad picture of the technologies relying on Li metal as the anode is critically assessed. It is essential to understand the Li plating and stripping processes in terms of fundamental electrochemical and physical mechanisms to address the challenges of employing metallic Li. Anode‐free Li‐metal batteries (AFLMBs) and anode‐free solid‐state batteries (AFSSBs) are the most attractive systems discussed in this review. AFLMBs are highly studied, but safety concerns due to Li dendrite growth and side reactions between plated Li metal and liquid electrolyte are some key challenges yet to be resolved. AFSSBs are the ultimate goal in this field, as utilizing a solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) can prevent dendrites at moderate charging rates and realize the potential of the anode‐free battery. However, the general problems with the use of SSEs remain and require substantial research efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of void features in additively manufactured polymers on water diffusion, focusing on polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) composites. The additive manufacturing (AM) of polymers, specifically, material extrusion AM (MEAM), results in manufacturing-induced voids, therefore affecting the water resistance of the printed parts. The research analyses the effects of size, shape, orientation and the hydrophilicity of voids on moisture diffusion in PETG composites employing numerical (finite-element) simulations. Two void types were examined: voids of Type I that retard the moisture propagation and voids of Type II that enhance it. Simulations demonstrate that a higher volume fraction of voids and their orientation with regard to the diffusion direction significantly hinder the moisture transport for Type I voids. Conversely, due to their high diffusivity, Type II voids serve as channels for rapid moisture transmission. Consequently, for such materials, the global diffusion rates mainly depend on the volume fraction of voids rather than their shape. These findings indicate the critical role of voids in the design of AM parts for environments exposed to moisture, such as marine and offshore applications. Understanding the void effects is critical for optimising the durability and performance of MEAM components underwater exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this investigation, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to meticulously examine the electromigration phenomena occurring in pure gold nanowires possessing a mere 10 nm thickness. The study elucidates the dynamic evolution of the micromorphology of gold nanowires during the electromigration process, providing insights into the intricate processes leading to the formation of voids, hillocks, and nano gaps. Significantly, the intricate relationship between these morphological changes and the consequential impact on electrical properties, particularly the resistance of the nanowires, is systematically unveiled. A qualitative analysis of the formation mechanisms behind voids and hillocks was conducted, contributing to a deeper understanding of the electromigration-induced phenomena. This study holds significance in controlling the width and position of metal nanogaps, offering promising avenues for the advancement of gap-based nanoelectronic and memory devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avant-garde and experimental cinema has often been used as a tool for exploration ofnew ways of experience of our everyday life. Lacanian psychoanalysis allows us to makeuse of this type of cinema to show the constitutive absence of meaning through whichevery symbolic structure of signification is constructed. This radical nonsense iseventually embodied in a paradoxical object of desire as the lacanian petit a. This objectnot only represents the absurdity of everyday desire, but that of conventional cinema withits wish to fulfill a meaningful plot as well. When we move to the avant-garde andexperimental cinema, we can see that this void as symbolic death can literally beobjectified by means of different strategies represented by film-makers Alain Robbe-Grillet, Martin Arnold and Bill Morrison. Embodiment of void with its paradoxical visibilityin invisibility inside the cinematic image is then grasped as a means for liberation, throughrepetition of drive, from repressive limits of ordinary cinematic and cultural structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Political Philosophy / Las Torres de Lucca is the property of Revista Las Torres de Lucca. Facultad de Filosofia, Ciudad Universitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)