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Objective: To investigate whether visceral adipose tissue‐derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) can alleviate the inhibitory effect of high‐glucose (HG) culture on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and to preliminarily explore the underlying mechanisms. Background: High glucose produces damage to the regeneration of periodontal tissue of PDLSCs. The expression level of vaspin in periodontal tissue is high in periodontitis patients and effectively reduced after initial therapy of periodontal diseases. However, the effect of vaspin on PDLSCs remains unknown. Materials and Methods: PDLSCs were cultured in media augmented with 5.5 or 25.0 mM concentrations of glucose to elucidate the impact and mechanism of vaspin on PDLSCs under high glucose in vitro. Proliferation was measured by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8) assay. Osteogenesis of PDLSCs was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity, and Alizarin Red staining. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blot (WB) were used to investigate the osteo‐specific markers. Then, the molecular impact of vaspin in the presence/absence of HG on PDLSCs physiology was determined with TGF‐β1/Smad signaling pathway as the main focus. Results: It was revealed that the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation (OD) of PDLSCs under HG was reduced, and by adding vaspin the anti‐osteogenic impact of HG was relieved. Moreover, vaspin enhanced TGF‐β1/Smad signaling pathway activity. Pretreatment with TGF‐β1 inhibitor blocked vaspin‐triggered TGF‐β1/Smad signal activation and minimized the vaspin‐induced protective effect against HG‐inhibited growth and OD. Conclusions: In summary, vaspin observably reduces HG‐mediated inhibition of PDLSCs OD by modulating the TGF‐β1/Smad signaling pathway. Vaspin may be a potential therapeutic for periodontal tissue regeneration in diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) is an adipokine. It has been reported that decreased serum vaspin levels are significantly associated with stroke severity and prognosis. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to explore the theoretical feasibility of vaspin supplementation for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS: The I/R mouse models were constructed by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method, and the effects of vaspin on cerebral infarction, neurological function, angiogenesis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were explored. To verify the mediation of ER stress in the regulation of vaspin, human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) were subjected to ER stress agonist tunicamycin in vitro. The impacts of vaspin and tunicamycin on oxygen glucose deprivation/ recovery (OGD/R)-induced cell viability, apoptosis, and angiogenesis were examined. RESULTS: Vaspin inhibited blood-brain barrier breakdown and infarction occurred in the brain tissue of the I/R mice. Vaspin also enhanced cerebral neovascularization and reduced the apoptosis. Additional tunicamycin increased the apoptosis of HBMECs and inhibited angiogenesis, reversing the protective effect of vaspin on cells. CONCLUSION: Together, this study reveals that vaspin supplementation reduces cerebral infarction and works against neurological dysfunction. It maintains the survival and angiogenesis capacity of HBMECs by inhibiting ER stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The current study investigated and compared serum levels of vitamin D (VD) and vaspin in AMI patients and healthy subjects and correlated these biomarkers with other biochemical risk factors for AMI. Patients and Methods: The research was carried out at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah. Blood samples and additional information were gathered from 110 admitted AMI patients in the Intensive Coronary Care Unit (ICCU) (ages 40– 65 years) and 50 adult, healthy volunteers whose BMI and age were similar to those of the patients. Results: AMI patients had significantly lower vaspin (p < 0.001) and VD levels (p < 0.001) than the control group. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were shown to be significantly different between AMI patients and controls. Among the AMI patients, 15 (13.6%) had deficient serum VD levels (≤ 20 ng/mL), 60 (54.5%) had insufficient levels (> 20 - < 30 ng/mL), and 35 (31.8%) had sufficient levels (≥ 30 ng/mL). In healthy subjects, VD levels were deficient in 4(8%), insufficient in 13 (26%), and sufficient in 33 (66%). VD insufficiency was more prevalent in AMI patients compared to the healthy group (54.5% vs 26%; p < 0.001). In AMI patients, serum vaspin was found to be related to age and HbA1c in the control group. VD did not show a significant correlation with any variable in AMI patients and healthy subjects. Serum vaspin (p = 0.89) and VD levels (p = 0.29) did not differ significantly between female and male control groups. Conclusion: Compared to the healthy group, AMI patients showed significantly lower vaspin and VD levels. Additionally, AMI patients had a higher prevalence of VD deficiency and insufficiency, suggesting its possible role in the occurrence of AMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Diabetes is a significant health problem, prompting the search for new therapeutic strategies. Recently, researchers have focused on identifying novel markers for the progression of this condition. It is well established that adipokines, such as progranulin and vaspin, play crucial roles in regulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Materials and Methods: This single-center cross-sectional study aimed to assess serum progranulin and vaspin levels in 80 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to examine their correlation with body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin, and lipid profile. The cohort included 40 children newly diagnosed with diabetes, 40 children with long-term diabetes (20 well-controlled and 20 poorly controlled), and 14 non-diabetic children as a control group. Progranulin and vaspin levels were determined using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: There were no significant differences in the progranulin and vaspin concentrations in the studied groups (p = 0.246 and p = 0.095, respectively). No statistically significant differences were noted in the levels of both adipokines among boys and girls within the T1D, well-controlled T1D, and poorly controlled T1D groups. We did not find any differences in the progranulin and vaspin levels among all children with T1D and healthy controls when divided based on BMI percentiles. A negative correlation was observed between progranulin concentration and the age of children in the T1D, well-controlled T1D, and healthy groups. Furthermore, progranulin correlated negatively with BMI among children with T1D. In contrast, vaspin concentration correlated positively with age among healthy children. Conclusions: Our study provides novel insights into the status of progranulin and vaspin among pediatric participants with varying levels of type 1 diabetes control. However, further research involving larger patient cohorts and different stages of sexual maturation is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractSeveral studies showed that adipokines are associated with types of cancer which are documented to be effective in cancer biology. This study aimed to determine the relationship between vaspin rs2236242 polymorphism and the vaspin level with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and multinodular goiter (MNG). In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 170 candidates. Ninety patients with newly diagnosed (PTC 60 patients and MNG 30 patients), and 80 participants as a control group referred to Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were enrolled in the study. The vaspin hormone measurements were conducted utilizing the Elisa Kit. Using Tetra amplification resistant-mutation system polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR), the genotype of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2236242 was determined. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 20. Our findings showed significant age and genotype frequency differences in three groups (p-value < 0.05). There was no significant difference in vaspin levels between PTC, and control groups. The level of vaspin in MNG compared to the control group had significantly different, but there were no differences after adjustment for age. Results showed the genotypes of vaspin rs2236242 polymorphism are not associated with the level of vaspin. The genotypes and allele frequencies of vaspin rs2236242 in the PTC and MNG groups were significant compared to the control group. We have found vaspin rs2236242 gene polymorphism as a potential marker of papillary thyroid cancer. The A allele of the vaspin SNP rs2236242 plays a protective role against PTC and MNG. SNP at rs2236242 was not significantly associated with vaspin levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apelin and vaspin modulate thyroid function. Furthermore, they are connected to particular components of chemical elements. Increased apelin and vaspin in diabetic women can have a negative impact on their thyroid function. The aim of the study was to understand the relationship between thyroid hormones and adipokine as a way to find a solution to the problem of obesity or its complications. Between October 1, 2022, and February 2, 2023, the case-control study included a total of 150 women, 100 obese women as the case group (50 obese and diabetic, 50 obese without diabetic), and 50 healthy women as the control group. They visited Al-Habbobi and Al-Nasiriyia teaching hospitals. Vaspin and apelin were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas C-Peptide was assessed using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) for thyroid hormone (FT3, FT4, and TSH). The measurement of fasting blood sugar (FBS) and haemoglobinA1C (HBA1C) was conducted using colorimetric and fluorescence immunoassay (FIA), respectively. In the results, in obese diabetics, vaspin is significantly lower than in controls. Although there is no significant difference in apelin levels between groups (0.34± 0.08 vs. 0.32± 0.11, P = 0,09), Vaspin and apelin tests show no significant difference between obese non-diabetics and controls. FT3 and TSH levels are significantly higher in obese diabetics and non-diabetics than in the control group. While FT4 dropped significantly between groups, in obese diabetics, FT3 and TSH levels are significantly higher than in obese non-diabetics. Obese diabetics had a significantly lower decrease in vaspin and apelin levels than obese nondiabetic patients. In conclusion, the decrease in FT4 across all groups and vaspin levels in obesity and diabetes suggest that vaspin is involved in thyroid hormone metabolism. Despite lower thyroid hormone levels, apelin levels were not statistically different. This suggests that the thyroid gland controls fat levels and metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A collection of diverse conditions together referred to as diabetes mellitus frequently manifest as periods of hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, which can be caused by insufficient insulin, improper insulin action, or both. A medical condition known as obesity is the accumulation of excess body fat to the point that it may be harmful to one’s health. It has been determined that the adipokine vaspin (visceral adipose tissue‑derived serpin A12) belongs to the family of serine protease inhibitors. Insulin, a polypeptide hormone, is released by the pancreatic beta cells. This hormone is both anti‑catabolic and anabolic. Insulin decreases blood glucose levels by preventing its synthesis and encouraging its storage and use. Methodology: In total, 125 male and female participants of various ages participated in the current study. They included 25 healthy controls, 50 non‑obese and 50 obese non–insulin‑dependent diabetes mellitus patients, who visited the MDM Hospital’s outpatient clinic in Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Commercially available reagents and kits were utilized for the analysis of serum insulin and vaspin samples. Standard statistical tools were utilized to evaluate the parameters. Results and Discussion: When results were compared with healthy participants and non‑obese NIDDM subjects, obese NIDDM subjects showed statistically significant higher fasting serum insulin and serum vaspin levels (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Our study’s conclusions demonstrated a strong correlation between blood insulin and vaspin levels and diabetes and obesity. Vaspin has a positive impact on insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. It also enhances glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, reducing diabetes complications. This novel biomarker has the potential to enhance diabetes mellitus outcomes by facilitating prompt diagnosis, improved management, and reduction of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Periodontitis and obesity are major health hazards. Adiposity stimulates cytokines which aggravate periodontitis. To balance this body secretes an anti-inflammatory adipokine-like visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (VASPIN). Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to assess serum VASPIN levels in females with and without periodontitis, categorized by obesity status. Materials and Methods: Eighty female subjects with the age range of 35–44 years were included in this observational study. All have been categorized into four groups, 20 in each group. The division was based on the body mass index (BMI) and Russell's Periodontal Index (PI). Group I-with BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2; without PD (non-obese without PD) Group II-with BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2; with PD (non-obese with PD). Group III -with BMI ≥30 kg/m2; without PD (obese without PD).Group IV with BMI ≥30 kg/m2; with PD (Obese with PD). Statistics Used: Serum VASPIN levels were compared in all the groups. Among the groups were analyzed with ANOVA, Bartlett's test for homogeneity of variances, and Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons. Results: When VASPIN and BMI were correlated, higher levels were found in Group II, followed by Groups IV, III, and I. Serum VASPIN levels among the groups were statistically significant P < 0.0001. Conclusion: Serum VASPIN can be used for predicting the progression of periodontal inflammation associated with obesity and also can act as a good biomarker for the initial stages of obesity.

AbstractObjective Stable luteal cell function is an important prerequisite for reproductive ability and embryonic development. However, luteal insufficiency seriously harms couples who have the desire to have a pregnancy, and the most important thing is that there is no complete solution. In addition, Vaspin has been shown to have regulatory effects on luteal cells, but the complex mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of Vaspin on rat luteal cells and its mechanism.Methods Granulosa lutein cells separated from the ovary of female rats were incubated for 24h with gradient concentrations of Vaspin, and granulosa lutein cells incubated with 0.5% bovine serum albumin were used as controls. The proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) were detected by CCK-8, Anneixn-FITC/PI staining, angiogenesis experiment and ELISA. Western blot was applied to observe the expression levels of proteins related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and MEK/MAPK signaling pathway.Results Compared with the Control group, Vaspin could significantly up-regulate the proliferation of granulosa lutein cells and reduce the apoptosis. Moreover, Vaspin promoted the angiogenesis of granulosa lutein cells and the production of P4 and E2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, Vaspin up-regulated the CyclinD1, CyclinB1, Bcl2, VEGFA and FGF-2 expression in granulosa lutein cells, and down-regulated the level of Bax. Also, Vaspin increased the p-MEK1 and p-p38 levels.Conclusion Vaspin can up-regulate the proliferation and steroidogenesis of rat luteal cells and reduce apoptosis, which may be related to the influence of MEK/MAPK activity.

Background/aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common type of diabetes and occurs due to insufficient insulin secretion or inability to use existing insulin and the effects of environmental factors. Although there are many studies on the pathophysiology of T2DM, the mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction have not been completely elucidated. Some adipokines secreted from adipose tissue, which are the primary regulators of insulin resistance, affect immune and inflammatory functions. Altered adipokine profiles have been observed in obesity and T2DM, leading to severe metabolic risks and changes in insulin sensitivity. Materials and methods: This study used quantitative PCR and ELISA techniques to analyze samples from individuals without diabetes (control group) and with T2DM (macrovascular and microvascular complications and without complications) for at least 10 years. Results: The mRNA expression and protein levels of NAMPT, IL-6, and vaspin genes were determined. While there was no significant difference in NAMPT, IL-6, and vaspin mRNA expression levels between diabetic groups, there was a significant decrease between the patient and control groups (p < 0.001). For serum protein levels, NAMPT protein levels decreased significantly in the uncomplicated group, while IL-6 and vaspin protein levels increased significantly in both microvascular and macrovascular complication groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The correlations between gene expressions, clinical parameters, and protein levels are crucial to understanding the implications of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Periodontitis and obesity are major health hazards. Adiposity stimulates cytokines which aggravate periodontitis. To balance this body secretes an anti-inflammatory adipokine-like visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (VASPIN). Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to assess serum VASPIN levels in females with and without periodontitis, categorized by obesity status. Materials and Methods: Eighty female subjects with the age range of 35-44 years were included in this observational study. All have been categorized into four groups, 20 in each group. The division was based on the body mass index (BMI) and Russell's Periodontal Index (PI). Group I-with BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2; without PD (non-obese without PD) Group II-with BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2; with PD (non-obese with PD). Group III -with BMI =30 kg/m2; without PD (obese without PD). Group IV with BMI =30 kg/m2; with PD (Obese with PD). Statistics Used: Serum VASPIN levels were compared in all the groups. Among the groups were analyzed with ANOVA, Bartlett's test for homogeneity of variances, and Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons. Results: When VASPIN and BMI were correlated, higher levels were found in Group II, followed by Groups IV, III, and I. Serum VASPIN levels among the groups were statistically significant P < 0.0001. Conclusion: Serum VASPIN can be used for predicting the progression of periodontal inflammation associated with obesity and also can act as a good biomarker for the initial stages of obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare the serum vaspin levels between patients with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) and healthy fertile women. STUDY DESIGN: Sixty-nine patients diagnosed with idiopathic POI and 70 age-matched healthy fertile women were included in this case-control study. General gynecological and physical examination findings and serum basal hormone levels were recorded. Vaspin levels in serum samples were determined using the Enyzme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) method. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients with POI was 31.9±5.4 years, while it was 31.2±3.8 years in the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in body mass index, gravidity, parity, and cigarette consumption between the groups. However, the mean follicle-stimulating hormone level in POI patients was 55.4±25.1 IU/L, significantly higher than the 6.2±1.8 IU/L observed in the control group. Luteinizing hormone levels were also significantly higher in POI patients, while estradiol and anti-Mullerian hormone values were significantly lower. Furthermore, the mean serum vaspin level in POI patients was 0.79±0.56 ng/mL, compared to 1.08±0.64 ng/mL in the control group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Serum vaspin levels were found to be decreased in women with POI. Therefore, monitoring the serum vaspin levels in women with POI may help in the early identification of patients with POI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The role of Adipokines and proinflammatory cytokines is said to be crucial in the development of prostate cancer. Vaspin, Chemerin, Omentin, Interleukins IL-1β, interleukin-8 (IL8), Colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and CC chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) have all been proven to take part in tumor growth and progression.

Background and Objectives: Diabetes is a significant health problem, prompting the search for new therapeutic strategies. Recently, researchers have focused on identifying novel markers for the progression of this condition. It is well established that adipokines, such as progranulin and vaspin, play crucial roles in regulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Materials and Methods: This single-center cross-sectional study aimed to assess serum progranulin and vaspin levels in 80 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to examine their correlation with body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin, and lipid profile. The cohort included 40 children newly diagnosed with diabetes, 40 children with long-term diabetes (20 well-controlled and 20 poorly controlled), and 14 non-diabetic children as a control group. Progranulin and vaspin levels were determined using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: There were no significant differences in the progranulin and vaspin concentrations in the studied groups (p = 0.246 and p = 0.095, respectively). No statistically significant differences were noted in the levels of both adipokines among boys and girls within the T1D, well-controlled T1D, and poorly controlled T1D groups. We did not find any differences in the progranulin and vaspin levels among all children with T1D and healthy controls when divided based on BMI percentiles. A negative correlation was observed between progranulin concentration and the age of children in the T1D, well-controlled T1D, and healthy groups. Furthermore, progranulin correlated negatively with BMI among children with T1D. In contrast, vaspin concentration correlated positively with age among healthy children. Conclusions: Our study provides novel insights into the status of progranulin and vaspin among pediatric participants with varying levels of type 1 diabetes control. However, further research involving larger patient cohorts and different stages of sexual maturation is warranted.

Athonian Orthodox fasting (AOF) is characterized by energy- and time-restricted eating (TRE) and is based on the Mediterranean diet. We aimed to investigate the impact of AOF compared to another TRE model on vaspin, omentin, nesfatin, and visfatin levels. We included 25 individuals (mean age 50.3 ± 8.6 years, 24% men) who practiced AOF and abstained from animal products, with the exception of seafood and fish. This group adopted a 12 h eating interval (08.00 to 20.00). In total, 12 participants (mean age 47.7 ± 8.7 years, 33.3% men) who practiced 16:8 TRE (eating from 09:00 to 17:00) and were allowed to consume meat served as the controls. Anthropometric and dietary data and adipokine levels were prospectively collected at three time points: at baseline, after the end of the diets (7 weeks), and 5 weeks after the participants returned to their typical eating habits (12 weeks from baseline). Vaspin levels decreased [795.8 (422.1–1299.4) (baseline) vs. 402.7 (203.8–818.9) (7 weeks) pg/mL, p = 0.002] and omentin levels increased [568.5 (437.7–1196.5) (baseline) vs. 659.0 (555.7–1810.8) (12 weeks) pg/mL, p = 0.001] in the AOF group, while none of the analyzed adipokines changed significantly in the TRE group. The variations observed in vaspin and omentin concentrations in the AOF group were independent of age, sex, changes in anthropometry and fat intake. In conclusion, AOF can significantly reduce vaspin and increase omentin, whose levels are known to increase and decrease, respectively, in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The implications of these findings for cardiometabolic health warrant further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between serum vaspin levels and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database were searched for articles published before December 2022. The publication language was restricted to English and Chinese. A meta-analysis was conducted by combining all studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty-two studies (1990 women with GDM and 1597 pregnant women without GDM) were ultimately included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that the serum vaspin levels are significantly higher in GDM compared with the controls (standardized mean difference: 0.720, 95% confidence interval: 0.440–1.000, Z = 5.041, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses by stage of pregnancy and body mass index showed results similar to the overall outcome. No publication bias was identified, and the sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the final result. Our results show that the serum vaspin levels are significantly higher in GDM. These findings suggest that high vaspin concentration is closely related to GDM and the serum vaspin levels might be a potential biomarker to indicate risk of GDM, more randomized control trials comparing the expression levels of vaspin between early and standard diagnosis of GDM are needed to strengthen our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Stroke has a major impact worldwide in terms of mortality and morbidity. The aim of our research was to determine the effect of serum Vaspin level on acute ischemic stroke and to investigate the relationship between serum Vaspin level, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and infarct volume. This study was carried out in 100 patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke diagnosis in the Neurology Department of Yakutiye Research Hospital of Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine and 80 healthy controls. The age and sex of the patient and control groups were consistent. Patients who met the following criteria were selected to be included in the study. Exclusion criteria: patients with ischemic stroke presenting after the first 24 hours to overcome the potential bias associated with inflammatory conditions, patients diagnosed with rheumatic and autoimmune diseases, diseases that cause hypoxia and coronary artery disease. Vaspin levels were measured and compared in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and in the control group. NIHSS calculated. Infarct volume was also measured with Cavalieri's principle. The correlation between them was calculated statistically. Vaspin level was higher in patients with ischemic stroke compared to the control group (825 vs. 939; p [Med-Science 2023; 12(3.000): 783-90]

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Vaspin in improving the pancreatic beta cell function in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) rats. Methods The diabetic rat model was established by feeding high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. T2DM rats were randomly divided into T2DM group(n=10) and Vaspin group(n=10), with the same age SD rats fed with normal chow as normal control group (n=10). Before modeling, before Vaspin intervention, at 4 weeks and 8 weeks Vaspin intervention, the level of body weight and fasting blood-glucose(FBG) of rats were recorded. At 8 weeks of Vaspin intervention, fasting insulin (FINS), glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β-cell function and autophagy-related protein expression levels were measured in three groups of rats, and histopathological morphology of the pancreas was observed. Results Before Vaspin intervention, at the 4 weeks and 8 weeks Vaspin intervention, compared with the normal control group, the level of body weight decreased and FBG increased in T2DM group and Vaspin group(all P < 0.05). At 8 weeks Vaspin intervention, compared with T2DM group, the level of body weight increased and FBG decreased in Vaspin group (all P < 0.05). Histopathology showed that the pancreatic tissue was normal, islet cells were arranged evenly, neatly and regularly in normal control group. In T2DM group, the islet structure was obviously destroyed, and the cells were unevenly distributed and irregularly shaped. Compared with T2DM group, the structural damage and morphological damage of islet cells in Vaspin group were significantly reduced. At the 8 weeks intervention, compared with the normal control group, the level of FINS decreased, while the area under the blood glucose curve of intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test(IPGTT) and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test(IPITT) increased in T2DM group and Vaspin group(all P < 0.05). Compared with T2DM group, the level of FINS increased, while the area under blood glucose curve of IPGTT and IPITT decreased in Vaspin group(all P < 0.05). At the 8 weeks intervention, the high glucose clamp test showed that the glucose infusion rate, the level of insulin secretion in the first phase and the second phase in Vaspin group were lower than those in the normal control group, but all indexes in Vaspin group were higher than those in T2DM group (all P < 0.05). At the 8 weeks intervention, immunohistochemical and Western blot results showed that compared with the normal control group, the level of insulin expression and the ratio of p-mTOR/mTOR in pancreatic tissue of rats in T2DM group decreased, while the protein levels of P62, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), p-AMPK/AMPK ratio and LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ ratio increased. Compared with T2DM group, the levels of insulin, LC3 protein, p-AMPK/AMPK ratio and LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ ratio in pancreatic tissue of rats in Vaspin group increased, while p-mTOR/mTOR ratio and P62 protein expression decreased (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Vaspin can enhance the autophagy of pancreatic beta cells, improve pancreatic beta cells function by AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in the type 2 diabetic rats.

Stroke has a major impact worldwide in terms of mortality and morbidity. The aim of our research was to determine the effect of serum Vaspin level on acute ischemic stroke and to investigate the relationship between serum Vaspin level, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and infarct volume. This study was carried out in 100 patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke diagnosis in the Neurology Department of Yakutiye Research Hospital of Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine and 80 healthy controls. The age and sex of the patient and control groups were consistent. Patients who met the following criteria were selected to be included in the study. Exclusion criteria: patients with ischemic stroke presenting after the first 24 hours to overcome the potential bias associated with inflammatory conditions, patients diagnosed with rheumatic and autoimmune diseases, diseases that cause hypoxia and coronary artery disease. Vaspin levels were measured and compared in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and in the control group. NIHSS calculated. Infarct volume was also measured with Cavalieri's principle. The correlation between them was calculated statistically. Vaspin level was higher in patients with ischemic stroke compared to the control group (825 vs. 939; p<0.001). Vaspin levels were significantly higher in patients who had acute ischemic stroke. Since examination of Vaspin levels in patients presented with acute ischemic stroke suggested the severity of the stroke, it was found to be important in terms of mortality and morbidity affiliated with it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the study: To investigate the role of the novel adipokines visfatin and vaspin in hepatitis C virus (HCV)- cirrhotic patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their association with tumour characteristics and liver dysfunction. Material and methods: This case-control study was carried out between March 2021 and September 2021. Serum visfatin and vaspin were measured in 67 HCV-cirrhotic patients (37 had HCC, and 30 did not) and 20 healthy individuals using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Serum visfatin and vaspin were substantially elevated in HCC patients compared to those without HCC and healthy controls (p = 0.001, < 0.0001, respectively) and significantly associated with hepatic dysfunction. At a cut-off value of 12.1 ng/ml, the sensitivity and specificity of the serum visfatin in detecting HCC were 67.6% and 83.3%, respectively. Serum vaspin at a cut-off value of 321 ng/dl had a sensitivity of 94.6% and specificity of 66.7%. In multivariate regression analysis, serum vaspin and albumin were independent risk factors for HCC development. Patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage D had significantly the highest serum levels of visfatin and vaspin (p = 0.03, 0.008, respectively). Conclusions: Serum visfatin and vaspin were substantially higher in HCC patients, associated with tumour stage, and might be considered as potential biomarkers of HCC, but this should be confirmed in larger independent cohorts of patients with liver cirrhosis. Serum vaspin and albumin were independent risk factors for HCC development. There was a substantial association between visfatin, vaspin, and the severity of the underlying liver dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective To explore the influence and the underlying mechanism of vaspin (visceral adipose tissue‐derived serpin) on the development of triple‐negative breast malignancy. Methods First, we analyzed medical records and screened out 22 breast cancer patients with different BMI according to inclusion and exclusion criterion, and measured serum vaspin of those patients. Then we studied the effects of vaspin on TNBC cell lines by using EdU assay, colony formation, transwell and wound‐healing assay. Later, we used bioinformatics analysis to identify downstream effectors and verify with qRT‐PCR, luciferase assay, western blot, etc. Results We found the vaspin level was positively correlated with BMI in breast malignant patients and vaspin could significantly enhance the proliferation, infiltration and transferring of triple‐negative breast cancer cells by restraining the expression of miR‐33a‐5p. By using bioinformatic analysis and luciferase assay, we identified miR‐33a‐5p directly regulating ABHD2. Conclusion Vaspin, as a cancer‐promoting cytokine, may inhibit miR‐33a‐5p thus increasing the level of ABHD2 to promote the development of the triple‐negative breast cancer.

Background: Elevated circulating vaspin levels is linked with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. The genetic basis of the association between vaspin rs2236242 and T2DM and obesity is still being investigated. We executed a meta-analysis to evaluate the magnitude of effect caused by vaspin rs2236242 on T2DM and obesity. Methods: We searched Pubmed, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for relevant articles published up to 19 February 2022. Data were extracted and summary estimates of the association between vaspin rs2236242 and T2DM and obesity were assessed. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were used to measure the effect. Results: This meta-analysis included 2206 cases and 2715 controls in the T2DM cohort, meanwhile 271 cases and 444 controls in the obesity cohort. The pooled estimates revealed no link between vaspin rs2236242 and T2DM, but allele-A was significantly higher in the controls of the obesity cohort, showing that this single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has a reduced obesity risk effect. Sensitivity analysis revealed no studies that would modify the estimates or the heterogeneity. Begg and Mazumdar's and Egger's tests indicated no substantial publication bias. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis provides evidence of significant association between vaspin rs2236242 and reduced risk of obesity but not T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin on the serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels and the expressions of vaspin, visfatin, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) for evaluation of endothelial function and inflammation in the hypercholesterolemic rats. Rats were divided into 5 groups: (1) control, (2) hypercholesterolaemia, (3) melatonin administrated concurrently with cholesterol diet, (4) melatonin administrated only last 2 weeks and fed with cholesterol diet, (5) atorvastatin administered only last 2 weeks fed with cholesterol diet. Although an increase was observed in the expressions of visfatin and STAT-3 and the serum ADMA levels, the vaspin and DDAH protein expressions were found to decrease with hypercholesterolemic diets. Melatonin was determined to restore all the parameters to the normal levels. In conclusion, melatonin may have protective and therapeutic effects on hypercholesterolaemia by regulating vaspin, STAT-3, DDAH, and ADMA signalling pathways and create similar effects with atorvastatin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Vaspin is a novel adipocytokine. Various studies have shown that vaspin is associated with many types of cancer. This study aims to determine the association of vaspin rs2236242 gene polymorphism with vaspin level in women with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and Multinodular goiter (MNG). Methods: In this case-control study participants were 134 women. They were divided into three groups; PTC (n=49), MNG (n=30) and control (n=55). Ten milliliter peripheral blood samples were taken from participants, 5 ml was used for DNA extraction and 5 ml for preparation of serum. The vaspin level was measured by Sandwich ELISA kit. The genotype determination of vaspin rs2236242 polymorphism was done using the tetra primer-amplification refractory mutation system/polymerase chain reaction method. Results: There were no significant difference in serum vaspin level among the three groups. There was no significant association between genotypes of vaspin rs2236242 polymorphism and serum vaspin level in any groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the difference in the frequency of the genotypes of rs2236242 polymorphism in the MNG group was significant compared to the control group. The TA genotype showed a protective effect against PTC and MNG (P

Abstract Background The incidence rate of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is increasing annually; however, there are still no effective methods for establishing an early diagnosis and conducting real-time tracing. Vaspin can affect the metabolic processes in the body, and it is closely associated with many metabolic diseases. Many previous studies have speculated on the association between vaspin and MAFLD, but the results of these studies have not been conclusive. This meta-analysis examined the differences in circulating vaspin levels between patients with MAFLD and healthy individuals. Methods Six databases and other sources were searched with free terms and Medical Subject Headings terms, and a total of 13 articles were included (900 cases and 669 controls). RevMan 5.3 and Stata 16 were used for analysis. The standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the overall outcomes. Cohen’s kappa coefficient was applied to examine the differences between the two authors in the selection of studies and in the evaluation of the quality of evidence for the studies. Results The results demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the circulating vaspin levels between the MAFLD group and healthy group (SMD = 0.46, 95% CI: [− 0.12, 1.04]). The subgroup analysis suggested that area and body mass index (BMI) may be the sources of heterogeneity, and the results of univariate meta-regression analysis were consistent with those of the subgroup analysis (P = 0.005 and P

Vaspin, a molecule produced in visceral adipose tissue, seems to participate in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. The study aimed to determine the association of vaspin concentration with metabolic disorders in obese individuals. Forty obese patients and twenty normal-weight subjects underwent biochemical (fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, interleukin-6, hs-CRP, vaspin concentration), blood pressure, and anthropometric measurements. The HOMA-IR index was calculated. Serum vaspin concentrations in the obese group were significantly higher than in the control group (0.82 ± 0.62 vs. 0.43 ± 0.59; p < 0.001). Among the entire population, vaspin concentration was positively correlated with body weight, BMI, WHR, and the percentage and mass of adipose tissue. Positive correlations between vaspin concentration and triglyceride level, insulin concentration, and HOMA-IR value were found. Vaspin concentration was positively correlated with hs-CRP and IL-6 levels. In obese patients, positive correlations between vaspin concentration and the percentage of adipose tissue and hs-CRP level were demonstrated. Logistic regression analysis showed that increased BMI was the biggest factor stimulating vaspin concentrations (OR = 8.5; 95% CI: 1.18–61.35; p = 0.0338). An elevated vaspin level may imply its compensatory role against metabolic disorders in obese patients. Thus, vaspin appears to be a useful diagnostic parameter for new therapeutic approaches in obesity-related complications. Nevertheless, due to the small sample size, further studies are needed to confirm our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the influence and the underlying mechanism of vaspin (visceral adipose tissue‐derived serpin) on the development of triple‐negative breast malignancy. Methods: First, we analyzed medical records and screened out 22 breast cancer patients with different BMI according to inclusion and exclusion criterion, and measured serum vaspin of those patients. Then we studied the effects of vaspin on TNBC cell lines by using EdU assay, colony formation, transwell and wound‐healing assay. Later, we used bioinformatics analysis to identify downstream effectors and verify with qRT‐PCR, luciferase assay, western blot, etc. Results: We found the vaspin level was positively correlated with BMI in breast malignant patients and vaspin could significantly enhance the proliferation, infiltration and transferring of triple‐negative breast cancer cells by restraining the expression of miR‐33a‐5p. By using bioinformatic analysis and luciferase assay, we identified miR‐33a‐5p directly regulating ABHD2. Conclusion: Vaspin, as a cancer‐promoting cytokine, may inhibit miR‐33a‐5p thus increasing the level of ABHD2 to promote the development of the triple‐negative breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with "polycystic ovary syndrome" (PCOS) may have changes in adipokine levels due to obesity rather than PCOS per se. This should be taken into account as there is a correlation between adipokine levels and BMI. The objective of the subsequent investigation was to measure serum levels of irisin and vaspin in women with PCOS. In the following study, overall, 140 sample size was selected for the evaluation. These 140 were divided into two groups in which 70 women were on the one group which was the intervention group, and 70 women were in control group. The control group of the study were the women who reportedly had regular and normal menstrual cycle. The results indicated high values of vaspin and irisin. The results of this study and previously published literature suggest that both adipocytokines are associated with high blood glucose levels and higher BMI, and finally, both values remain higher in women with PCOS. Vaspin and irisin could be considered as a biomarker for prognosis and therapy followup in patients with PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Athonian Orthodox fasting (AOF) is characterized by energy- and time-restricted eating (TRE) and is based on the Mediterranean diet. We aimed to investigate the impact of AOF compared to another TRE model on vaspin, omentin, nesfatin, and visfatin levels. We included 25 individuals (mean age 50.3 ± 8.6 years, 24% men) who practiced AOF and abstained from animal products, with the exception of seafood and fish. This group adopted a 12 h eating interval (08.00 to 20.00). In total, 12 participants (mean age 47.7 ± 8.7 years, 33.3% men) who practiced 16:8 TRE (eating from 09:00 to 17:00) and were allowed to consume meat served as the controls. Anthropometric and dietary data and adipokine levels were prospectively collected at three time points: at baseline, after the end of the diets (7 weeks), and 5 weeks after the participants returned to their typical eating habits (12 weeks from baseline). Vaspin levels decreased [795.8 (422.1–1299.4) (baseline) vs. 402.7 (203.8–818.9) (7 weeks) pg/mL, p = 0.002] and omentin levels increased [568.5 (437.7–1196.5) (baseline) vs. 659.0 (555.7–1810.8) (12 weeks) pg/mL, p = 0.001] in the AOF group, while none of the analyzed adipokines changed significantly in the TRE group. The variations observed in vaspin and omentin concentrations in the AOF group were independent of age, sex, changes in anthropometry and fat intake. In conclusion, AOF can significantly reduce vaspin and increase omentin, whose levels are known to increase and decrease, respectively, in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The implications of these findings for cardiometabolic health warrant further investigation.

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Vaspin on the chondrogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and its effect on chondrocyte survival and ECM secretion. We also assessed whether the Akt activation participates in these processes. Methods In vivo, immunohistochemistry was used to examine the positive rate of the protein expressions of Akt in Wistar rat articular cartilage and subchondral bone after Vaspin intraperitoneal injection for 14 days. In vitro, we isolated and expanded BMSCs from Wistar rats, and further cultured BMSCs as pellets in a chondrogenic-differentiation medium supplemented with different concentrations of Vaspin. After 21 days, the pellets were processed for cell counting kit assay. The mRNA level of Akt, SOX9 and COL2A1 in the pellets were investigated using quantitative Real-Time polymerase chain reaction, and the protein level of COMP was detected using western blot. Results During the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs, Vaspin promoted the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs and chondrocyte survival by activating the Akt pathway. These effects were significantly reduced by treatment with an Akt inhibitor. Moreover, Vaspin promoted chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs by increasing the expression of markers in cartilage formation and extracellular matrix secretion. Furthermore, our study also found that Vaspin could increase Akt expression in cartilage cavities and subchondral bone in vivo. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that Vaspin can promote the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs and chondrocyte survival via Akt activation. Our study provides new insights into the potential ability of Vaspin to ameliorate the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs and chondrocyte survival in OA.

The main objective of this study would be that if serum lipocalin-2 and Vaspin levels may be utilized as indicators for chronic in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. T2DM treatment is to maintain a healthy glycemic level. If this goal is not met, diabetes consequences, both acute and chronic, may emerge, one of which is obesity. As a result, researchers have investigated the levels of Lipocalin-2 and Vaspin, as well as their connection to obesity and insulin resistance. In this study, we included 60 T2DM (ages 35 to 65 years) and 30 healthy controls. After an overnight fast, blood serum samples were collected, and routine biochemical parameters such as lipocalin-2, Vaspin, and glucose were measured in all samples. At a P <0.05 level, the data were declared significant. Using an ELISA kit, the levels of serum Lipocalin-2 and Vaspin were measured. The results have shown that patients with T2DM had substantially greater blood serum levels of Lipocalin-2 and Vaspin than normal controls (P <0.001 for all comparisons). Also, results revealed Lipocalin-2 and Vaspin have a high positive correlation with each of BMI and Homeostasis Model Assessment for insulin resistance HOMA-IR and moderate positive correlation between Vaspin and Fasting blood glucose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adipose tissue is a multifunctional endocrine organ. One of the biologically active substances is vaspin, which is part of the serpin family. The purpose of the following study is to determine the possibility of using vaspin as a prognostic and risk factor in endometrial cancer. The study included 127 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. To determine the value of adipokine, the study used Kaplan-Meier curves to estimate patients survival. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed simultaneously using the Cox regression model. Tissue expression of vaspin was assessed in patients from the study group (endometrial cancer) and the control group (non-cancerous). We found that higher levels of vaspin are found in obese people, with lower staging (FIGO I and II), lower grading (G1), no LVSI metastases and no lymph node metastases. Higher serum vaspin levels are an independent protective factor for endometrial cancer. We concluded that endometrial cancer patients with serum vaspin concentrations above the median have longer DFS compared to patients with concentrations below the median. Considering multivariate analysis, vaspin concentrations above the median are independent favourable prognostic factors for endometrial cancer. Tissue expression of vaspin cannot be a histological marker to distinguish between cancer and non-cancerous lesions and between different grading levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis C virus infection represents a healthcare problem in Iraq and worldwide. Early infection diagnosis ameliorates the disease's natural course and reduces morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to illustrate the connection between chemerin and vaspin in incessant hepatitis C disease. A cross-sectional investigation was completed in Kirkuk city from January to May 2019, which included 50 patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and 30 age and gender-matched controls. As a result, patients with chronic HCV had significantly (P<0.05) higher mean serum levels of chemerin than controls. In contrast, the mean serum level of vaspin was significantly (P<0.05) lower in patients with chronic HCV infection compared to controls. Chemerin's mean serum level was higher in grade 4 liver cirrhosis, while the lowest level was in those without cirrhosis (grade 0). However, the mean serum vaspin level increased with the grading of cirrhosis but declined in grade 4 to a level lower than that of stage 1. (P<0.05). Alanine aminotransferase transaminase serum levels were positively correlated with chemerin and vaspin serum levels. In conclusion, chemerin and vaspin serum levels may be used to monitor and predict stage liver fibrosis in chronic HCV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to study the level of Vaspin and CRP in the serum of psoriatic patients as compared to normal control persons and to correlate their levels with the severity of the disease. Methods: 30 psoriasis patients as cases vs 30 normal patients as control were tested for CRP and Vaspin correlating the results with the Psoriasis Severity Index PSI. Results: There was a highly statistically significant difference between cases and controls regarding their VASPIN and CRP levels (P-value

Nader Tarabeih,1,2 Alexander Kalinkovich,1 Adel Shalata,3 Stacey S Cherny,1 Gregory Livshits1,4 1Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; 2Maale HaCarmel Mental Health Center, Affiliated to Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; 3The Simon Winter Institute for Human Genetics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel; 4Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, IsraelCorrespondence: Gregory LivshitsDepartment of Morphological Studies, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel, Tel +972-3-6409494, Fax +972-3-6408287, Email zviliv@ariel.ac.ilPurpose: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the major disabling health conditions in aging societies presenting significant cost burdens to health and social care systems. Its complications and associated disability are often accompanied by mental disorders, metabolic comorbidities, changed body composition, and inflammation. However, their mutual relationships in LBP-associated disability remain unclear.Methods: In the present case-control study, a self-report validated questionnaire was used to collect LBP disability data in an ethnically homogeneous Israeli Arab sample (489 males and 589 females). Body composition parameters were assessed through bioelectrical impedance analysis and plasma levels of soluble markers by EISA. Comorbidity status was assessed in personal interview and from the individual medical files.Results: Our mixed multiple regression analysis identified that GDF-15 (β = 0.160, p = 2.95× 10-8), vaspin (β = 0.085, p = 0.003), follistatin (β = 0.076, p = 0.001), extracellular water (β = 0.096, p = 0.001), waist hip ratio (β = 0.072, p = 0.009), mental disorders (β = 0.077, p = 0.001), and metabolic comorbidities (β = 0.059, p = 0.02) were significantly associated with LBP disability scores, when controlling for age and sex effects. Additive Bayesian network modelling further suggests that LBP disability appears to be directly influenced by age, sex, GDF-15, and extracellular water, and indirectly by mental and metabolic disorders, waist-hip ratio, and follistatin. LBP, in turn, seems to affect the vaspin levels directly.Conclusion: Our data suggest the existence of a complex, age-associated, and probably hierarchical, relationship between LBP disability and mental and metabolic disorders, inflammation-related soluble markers, and body composition parameters.Keywords: low back pain, disability, GDF-15, follistatin, vaspin, body composition, depression, comorbidities

Abstract Background: Migraines are headaches caused by changes in the trigeminovascular metabolic pathway. Migraine headache attacks are associated with neurovascular inflammation, but their pathophysiological mechanisms have not been fully explained. Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels and the frequency of attacks in migraine headache. Methods: Three groups were established: migraine with aura (n = 50), migraine without aura (n = 50) and control group (n = 50). The migraine diagnosis was made in accordance with the International Classification of Headache Disorders-III beta diagnostic criteria. The analyses on serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels were performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: The serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels were found to be significantly higher in the migraine patients than in the control group (p < 0.01). No statistically significant differences in serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels were found among the migraine patients during attacks or in the interictal period (p>0.05). The serum visfatin and chemerin levels of the migraine patients were positively correlated with their serum IL-18 levels (p < 0.01), while their serum chemerin and visfatin levels were positively correlated with their serum vaspin levels (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that these biomarkers may be related to migraine pathogenesis. Nonetheless, we believe that more comprehensive studies are needed in order to further understand the role of vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels in the pathophysiology of migraine headaches.

Objectives: In our previous study, we reported that low back pain (LBP) severity and disability significantly correlate with body composition and several blood biochemical factors. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that these covariates are associated with anatomical deformations of the lumbar spine, in particular, radiographic facet joint osteoarthritis (FJOA) and lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) features important contributors to LBP. Methods: CT and MRI images of the lumbar spine were obtained from 200 individuals suffering from LBP-sciatica. We examined the FJOA and total LDD score - the sum of the scores of the three radiographic features (intervertebral disc herniation, osteophythosis and spondylolisthesis) at the L1 - S1 vertebral levels. By implementing a bioelectrical impedance analysis, we assessed the participants for body composition, specifically, extracellular water (ECW). Plasma levels of growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin), were detected by ELISA. Results: By conducting a series of multivariable regression analyses, we report that the circulating levels of GDF-15, vaspin, and ECW are significantly and independently associated with FJOA scores [βGDF15 ​= ​0.38 ​± ​0.08, p ​= ​0.0001; βVASPIN ​= ​0.36 ​± ​0.07, p ​= ​0.000004; βECW ​= ​0.24 ​± ​0.07, p ​= ​0.002]. The levels of GDF-15 (β ​= ​0.30 ​± ​0.10, p ​= ​0.007) and ECW (β ​= ​0.20 ​± ​0.09, p ​= ​0.03) were also found significantly associated with the LDD scores. Conclusion: The obtained new data suggest that GDF-15, vaspin and ECW may serve as biomarkers for FJOA and LDD phenotypes.

Despite continuous efforts to address classical risk factors for atherosclerosis, the battle to control the disease is far from over and atherosclerosis is still a major factor in all-cause mortality. To investigate the relations between early diagnosis and severity of coronary atherosclerosis we examined vaspin and nesfatin-1 levels, and the presence of fragmented QRS (fQRS) in admission electrocardiograms. We divided 168 patients into asymptomatic control (18%), <50% coronary artery stenosis (28%), >50% stenosis (31%) and myocardial infarction (MI) (23%) groups. Patients were also evaluated in anatomically significant (>50%stenosis ​+ ​MI) and non-significant atherosclerosis (control+<50%stenosis) groups. Vaspin and nesfatin-1 levels were measured using ELISA methods. Vaspin in MI and >50% stenosis groups was lower than in other groups (p ​< ​0.001). Nesfatin-1 in MI and >50% stenosis groups was lower only than in <50%stenosis group (p0.007). The presence of fQRS was higher in MI and >50% stenosis groups than other groups (p ​< ​0.001). In the anatomically significant atherosclerosis group, vaspin, nesfatin-1 and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) values were lower while Gensini score and the presence of fQRS were higher (for all p ​< ​0.001). Lower vaspin levels and fQRS were related to in-hospital mortality (p ​< ​0.001 and p ​= ​0.02,respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed that male gender, diabetes mellitus, smoking, family history, lower LVEF, lower vaspin and fQRS were defined as independent risk factors for anatomically significant atherosclerosis (p ​= ​0.001). Our results indicate that low vaspin and fQRS were found to be novel independent risk factors for anatomically significant atherosclerosis and were predictors of mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The incidence rate of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is increasing annually; however, there are still no effective methods for establishing an early diagnosis and conducting real-time tracing. Vaspin can affect the metabolic processes in the body, and it is closely associated with many metabolic diseases. Many previous studies have speculated on the association between vaspin and MAFLD, but the results of these studies have not been conclusive. This meta-analysis examined the differences in circulating vaspin levels between patients with MAFLD and healthy individuals. Methods: Six databases and other sources were searched with free terms and Medical Subject Headings terms, and a total of 13 articles were included (900 cases and 669 controls). RevMan 5.3 and Stata 16 were used for analysis. The standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the overall outcomes. Cohen's kappa coefficient was applied to examine the differences between the two authors in the selection of studies and in the evaluation of the quality of evidence for the studies. Results: The results demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the circulating vaspin levels between the MAFLD group and healthy group (SMD = 0.46, 95% CI: [− 0.12, 1.04]). The subgroup analysis suggested that area and body mass index (BMI) may be the sources of heterogeneity, and the results of univariate meta-regression analysis were consistent with those of the subgroup analysis (P = 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, BMI may better explain the source of heterogeneity (P = 0.032) in the multivariate meta-regression analysis. Conclusion: In summary, no significant correlation was observed between the circulating vaspin levels and MAFLD. BMI may be an important factor affecting this correlation, which may provide a reference for further studies on mechanism and diagnosis of MAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The fluctuation in serum caveolin-1 (Cav-1) concentrations is an important indicator of many diseases. Irrespective of the actual cause, a significant reduction of serum Cav-1 is associated with a significant increase in insulin secretion and hyperinsulinemia. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between serum Cav-1, serum vaspin and visfatin in newly diagnosed men with T2DM. Methods: Eighty-two newly diagnosed men with T2DM were matched for age and body mass indexes (BMIs) with a similar number of non-diabetic men. Serum Cav-1, vaspin and visfatin were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fasting serum glucose (FSG), glycohaemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) were both measured using automated method. In addition, waist-circumferences, waist-hip ratio, systolic (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were also obtained. Results: Serum concentration of Cav-1(ng/mL) was significantly low in men newly diagnosed with T2DM, (2.334±0.7627) compared with non-diabetic controls (4.321±1.143), p< 0.0001. In contrast, patients with T2DM exhibited significantly higher serum concentrations of vaspin and visfatin (ng/mL), 142.4±60.53) and 2.99±1.091), than controls, 81.53±39.32) and 1.456±0.654), respectively, p< 0.0001. Expectedly, patients with T2DM have significantly higher FSG, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Conclusions: There was an inverse significant relationship between Cav-1 and vaspin, visfatin, HbA1c, FSG, and hypertension. This study suggests that serum Cav-1 can be used as a diagnostic marker to predict T2DM in individuals and families under high risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin condition with several types of manifestation, including psoriatic arthritis. In recent years, studies have demonstrated multiple molecules and mechanisms that play important roles in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. Studies have been conducted to determine the role of adipokines, bioactive peptides secreted by the adipose tissue, in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. These studies have shown that adipokines are dysregulated in psoriasis and their abnormal expression profile could contribute to the inflammatory mechanisms observed in psoriasis., Areas Covered: In this review, we discuss the immunomodulatory features of resistin, omentin-1, and vaspin, and discuss their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of psoriasis., Expert Opinion: The adipokines resistin, omentin, and vaspin appear to be promising therapeutic targets in psoriasis. It is important to seek to block the action of resistin, either by blocking its receptors or by blocking its systemic effects with antibodies. In the case of omentin and vaspin, substances that are receptor mimetics of these adipokines should be sought and studies conducted of their analogues for the treatment of psoriasis. To introduce these therapies into clinical practice, multicentre clinical trials are required to confirm their efficacy and safety after initial studies in animal models.

BACKGROUND: Type-2 diabetes with an increasing prevalence is a public health problem. Irisin and vaspin, which are secreted a majority from adipose tissue, are discovered hormones recently, and their effects on diabetes are studied. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to the effects of diet on these hormones levels in diabetic rats. METHODS: In this study, ten-week-old 18 Wistar-Albino rats were divided into three groups randomly. The diabetic group (n = 6) was fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Other rats were divided into two control groups, one of them (n = 6) was fed a control diet (CD), and the other group (n = 6) was fed HFD. The feeding time for all groups was 4 weeks. Streptozotocin (STZ) was used for diabetes induction in rats. RESULTS: At the end of the four weeks, the body weight of the diabetic group decreased significantly. In the diabetic group compared to the control groups, it was observed that besides high fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride, total cholesterol levels, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores. Vaspin levels were significantly higher in diabetic rats, while irisin levels were similar between groups. Besides, vaspin level correlation with biochemical parameters such as glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HOMA-IR score was significant. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study showed that besides the evidence that vaspine is a hormone associated with diabetes, diet composition could give an opinion about the type-2 diabetes process by looking at hormone levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The level of adipokines (interleukin-6 and vaspin) in hyperthyroid patients treated with carbimazole drug was determined. Eighty-five male and female participated in this study, with mean age from 20-70 years. They included: negative control group of thirty euthyroid persons represented group 1, twenty-five hyperthyroid patient (positive control) included in the second group and thirty hyperthyroid patients treated with carbimazole drug for one year or less comprised the third group. By vein puncture, blood was collected, and serum was isolated and preserved at –20 C. Adipokines (interleukin-6 and vaspin) were estimated by using ELISA method. The results demonstrated that the the increase of IL-6 level was highly significant (p<0.01) in hyperthyroid group as compared with euthyroids. But the result showed a significant decrease in vaspin level in hyperthyroid group with treatment as compared with hyperthyroid group. However, there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the level of vaspin in hyperthyroid group with treatment in comparison to euthyroids. Also there was no significant difference in vaspin level in hyperthyroid group with treatment in comparison to hyperthyroid group. These findings suggest that the level of IL-6 increase in hyperthyroid patient and decrease after treatment with carbimazole drug for one year or less. Although vaspin level decreased in hyperthyroid patients, it decreased even after treatment with carbimazole drug for one year or less. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]