30 results on '"van der Biezen E"'
Search Results
2. Frequency and distance of transposition of a modifiedDissociation element in transgenic tobacco
- Author
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Van Der Biezen, E. A., Cardol, E. F., Chung, H. Y., Nijkamp, H. J. J., and Hille, J.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Mutations at the Asc locus of tomato confer resistance to the fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici
- Author
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van der Biezen, E. A., Nijkamp, H. J. J., and Hille, J.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Molecular genetic characterisation of the Asc locus of tomato conferring resistance to the fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici
- Author
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van der Biezen, E. A., Overduin, B., Kneppers, T. J. A., Mesbah, L. A., Nijkamp, H. J. J., and Hille, J.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A new anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing community enriched from peat soil
- Author
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Hu BL, Rush D, van der Biezen E, van Mullekom M, Schouten S, D amste J, Smolders A, Jetten M, and Kartal B
- Published
- 2011
6. Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide and Anoxia on Global Gene and Protein Expression in Long-Term Continuous Cultures of Nitrosomonas eutropha C91
- Author
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Kartal, B. (author), Wessels, H.J. C. T. (author), Van der Biezen, E. (author), Francoijs, K.J. (author), Jetten, M.S.M. (author), Klotz, M.G. (author), Stein, L.Y. (author), Kartal, B. (author), Wessels, H.J. C. T. (author), Van der Biezen, E. (author), Francoijs, K.J. (author), Jetten, M.S.M. (author), Klotz, M.G. (author), and Stein, L.Y. (author)
- Abstract
Nitrosomonas eutropha is an ammonia-oxidizing betaproteobacterium found in environments with high ammonium levels, such as wastewater treatment plants. The effects of NO2 on gene and protein expression under oxic and anoxic conditions were determined by maintaining N. eutropha strain C91 in a chemostat fed with ammonium under oxic, oxic-plus-NO2, and anoxic-plus-NO2 culture conditions. Cells remained viable but ceased growing under anoxia; hence, the chemostat was switched from continuous to batch cultivation to retain biomass. After several weeks under each condition, biomass was harvested for total mRNA and protein isolation. Exposure of N. eutropha C91 to NO2 under either oxic or anoxic conditions led to a decrease in proteins involved in N and C assimilation and storage and an increase in proteins involved in energy conservation, including ammonia monooxygenase (AmoCAB). Exposure to anoxia plus NO2 resulted in increased representation of proteins and transcripts reflective of an energy-deprived state. Several proteins implicated in N-oxide metabolism were expressed and remained unchanged throughout the experiment, except for NorCB nitric oxide reductase, which was not detected in the proteome. Rather, NorY nitric oxide reductase was expressed under oxic-plus-NO2 and anoxic-plus-NO2 conditions. The results indicate that exposure to NO2 results in an energy-deprived state of N. eutropha C91 and that anaerobic growth could not be supported with NO2 as an oxidant., Biotechnology, Applied Sciences
- Published
- 2012
7. New Anaerobic, Ammonium-Oxidizing Community Enriched from Peat Soil
- Author
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Hu, B.L., Rush, D., van der Biezen, E., Zheng, P., van Mullekom, M., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., Smolders, A.J.P., Jetten, M.S.M., Kartal, B., Hu, B.L., Rush, D., van der Biezen, E., Zheng, P., van Mullekom, M., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., Smolders, A.J.P., Jetten, M.S.M., and Kartal, B.
- Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria have been recognized as an important sink for fixed nitrogen and are detected in many natural environments. However, their presence in terrestrial ecosystems has long been overlooked, and their contribution to the nitrogen cycling in natural and agricultural soils is currently unknown. Here we describe the enrichment and characterization of anammox bacteria from a nitrogen-loaded peat soil. After 8 months of incubation with the natural surface water of the sampling site and increasing ammonium and nitrite concentrations, anammox cells constituted 40 to 50% of the enrichment culture. The two dominant anammox phylotypes were affiliated with "Candidatus Jettenia asiatica" and "Candidatus Brocadia fulgida." The enrichment culture converted NH(4)(+) and NO(2)(-) to N(2) with the previously reported stoichiometry (1:1.27) and had a maximum specific anaerobic ammonium oxidation rate of 0.94 mmol NH(4)(+).g (dry weight)(-1). h(-1) at pH 7.1 and 32 degrees C. The diagnostic anammox-specific lipids were detected at a concentration of 650 ng . g (dry weight)(-1), and pentyl-[3]-ladderane was the most abundant ladderane lipid.
- Published
- 2011
8. New Anaerobic, Ammonium-Oxidizing Community Enriched from Peat Soil
- Author
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Hu, B.I. (author), Rush, D. (author), Van der Biezen, E. (author), Zheng, P. (author), Van Mullekom, M. (author), Schouten, S. (author), Sinninghe Damste, J.S. (author), Smolders, A.J.P. (author), Jetten, M.S.M. (author), Kartal, B. (author), Hu, B.I. (author), Rush, D. (author), Van der Biezen, E. (author), Zheng, P. (author), Van Mullekom, M. (author), Schouten, S. (author), Sinninghe Damste, J.S. (author), Smolders, A.J.P. (author), Jetten, M.S.M. (author), and Kartal, B. (author)
- Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria have been recognized as an important sink for fixed nitrogen and are detected in many natural environments. However, their presence in terrestrial ecosystems has long been overlooked, and their contribution to the nitrogen cycling in natural and agricultural soils is currently unknown. Here we describe the enrichment and characterization of anammox bacteria from a nitrogen-loaded peat soil. After 8 months of incubation with the natural surface water of the sampling site and increasing ammonium and nitrite concentrations, anammox cells constituted 40 to 50% of the enrichment culture. The two dominant anammox phylotypes were affiliated with “Candidatus Jettenia asiatica” and “Candidatus Brocadia fulgida.” The enrichment culture converted NH4+ and NO2? to N2 with the previously reported stoichiometry (1:1.27) and had a maximum specific anaerobic ammonium oxidation rate of 0.94 mmol NH4+·g (dry weight)?1·h?1 at pH 7.1 and 32°C. The diagnostic anammox-specific lipids were detected at a concentration of 650 ng·g (dry weight)?1, and pentyl-[3]-ladderane was the most abundant ladderane lipid., Biotechnology, Applied Sciences
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. The Arabidopsis downy mildew resistance gene RPP5 shares similarity to the toll and interleukin-1 receptors with N and L6.
- Author
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Parker, J E, primary, Coleman, M J, additional, Szabò, V, additional, Frost, L N, additional, Schmidt, R, additional, van der Biezen, E A, additional, Moores, T, additional, Dean, C, additional, Daniels, M J, additional, and Jones, J D, additional
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Isolation of Plant Genes by Transposon Tagging: from Concept to Realization
- Author
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Overduin, B., primary, van der Biezen, E. A., additional, John, H., additional, Nijkamp, J., additional, and Hille, J., additional
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Differences in circadian time course and level for the plasma concentrations of glucose, free fatty acids and amino acids between ad lib-eating and fasting rabbits
- Author
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Bobbert, A. C., Hekkens, W.Th.J.M., van der Biezen, E. A., and Hekkens, A. J. M.
- Abstract
The entrained rhythm in food approaches, representative of the circadian fluctuation in locomotor and food intake activity was recorded from 12 rabbits eating ad libitum during exposure to an LD 12:12 h-regimen. They were also subjected to 53 h-sessions with the same LD alternation, in which blood samples were taken at 2 h-intervals. During these sessions 6 of them were permitted to eat freely whereas the others were food-deprived. It appeared that in eating rabbits plasma levels are higher for glucose and a-amino nitrogen but lower for free fatty acids and, further, that eating specimens exhibit marked circadian fluctuations in the levels of glucose and FFA which are closely correlated with, and probably a consequence of, the circadian rhythm in the amounts of food actually taken up in the course of the sessions. In fasting rabbits, however, the same plasma parameters show rhythms with quite another time course, that can be attributed to the circadian fluctuations in (locomotor) activity and endocrine balance.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The metagenome of the marine anammox bacterium 'Candidatus Scalindua profunda' illustrates the versatility of this globally important nitrogen cycle bacterium.
- Author
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van de Vossenberg J, Woebken D, Maalcke WJ, Wessels HJ, Dutilh BE, Kartal B, Janssen-Megens EM, Roeselers G, Yan J, Speth D, Gloerich J, Geerts W, van der Biezen E, Pluk W, Francoijs KJ, Russ L, Lam P, Malfatti SA, Tringe SG, Haaijer SC, Op den Camp HJ, Stunnenberg HG, Amann R, Kuypers MM, and Jetten MS
- Subjects
- Aquatic Organisms classification, Nitrite Reductases metabolism, Oceans and Seas, Oxidation-Reduction, Planctomycetales classification, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds metabolism, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Water Microbiology, Aquatic Organisms genetics, Aquatic Organisms metabolism, Genome, Bacterial, Metagenome, Nitrogen Cycle, Planctomycetales genetics, Planctomycetales metabolism
- Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria are responsible for a significant portion of the loss of fixed nitrogen from the oceans, making them important players in the global nitrogen cycle. To date, marine anammox bacteria found in marine water columns and sediments worldwide belong almost exclusively to the 'Candidatus Scalindua' species, but the molecular basis of their metabolism and competitive fitness is presently unknown. We applied community sequencing of a marine anammox enrichment culture dominated by 'Candidatus Scalindua profunda' to construct a genome assembly, which was subsequently used to analyse the most abundant gene transcripts and proteins. In the S. profunda assembly, 4756 genes were annotated, and only about half of them showed the highest identity to the only other anammox bacterium of which a metagenome assembly had been constructed so far, the freshwater 'Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis'. In total, 2016 genes of S. profunda could not be matched to the K. stuttgartiensis metagenome assembly at all, and a similar number of genes in K.stuttgartiensis could not be found in S. profunda. Most of these genes did not have a known function but 98 expressed genes could be attributed to oligopeptide transport, amino acid metabolism, use of organic acids and electron transport. On the basis of the S. profunda metagenome, and environmental metagenome data, we observed pronounced differences in the gene organization and expression of important anammox enzymes, such as hydrazine synthase (HzsAB), nitrite reductase (NirS) and inorganic nitrogen transport proteins. Adaptations of Scalindua to the substrate limitation of the ocean may include highly expressed ammonium, nitrite and oligopeptide transport systems and pathways for the transport, oxidation, and assimilation of small organic compounds that may allow a more versatile lifestyle contributing to the competitive fitness of Scalindua in the marine realm., (© 2012 Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Effects of nitrogen dioxide and anoxia on global gene and protein expression in long-term continuous cultures of Nitrosomonas eutropha C91.
- Author
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Kartal B, Wessels HJ, van der Biezen E, Francoijs KJ, Jetten MS, Klotz MG, and Stein LY
- Subjects
- Aerobiosis, Anaerobiosis, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Culture Media chemistry, Microbial Viability, Nitrosomonas classification, Nitrosomonas drug effects, Proteomics, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds metabolism, Time Factors, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial drug effects, Nitrogen Dioxide pharmacology, Nitrosomonas growth & development
- Abstract
Nitrosomonas eutropha is an ammonia-oxidizing betaproteobacterium found in environments with high ammonium levels, such as wastewater treatment plants. The effects of NO(2) on gene and protein expression under oxic and anoxic conditions were determined by maintaining N. eutropha strain C91 in a chemostat fed with ammonium under oxic, oxic-plus-NO(2), and anoxic-plus-NO(2) culture conditions. Cells remained viable but ceased growing under anoxia; hence, the chemostat was switched from continuous to batch cultivation to retain biomass. After several weeks under each condition, biomass was harvested for total mRNA and protein isolation. Exposure of N. eutropha C91 to NO(2) under either oxic or anoxic conditions led to a decrease in proteins involved in N and C assimilation and storage and an increase in proteins involved in energy conservation, including ammonia monooxygenase (AmoCAB). Exposure to anoxia plus NO(2) resulted in increased representation of proteins and transcripts reflective of an energy-deprived state. Several proteins implicated in N-oxide metabolism were expressed and remained unchanged throughout the experiment, except for NorCB nitric oxide reductase, which was not detected in the proteome. Rather, NorY nitric oxide reductase was expressed under oxic-plus-NO(2) and anoxic-plus-NO(2) conditions. The results indicate that exposure to NO(2) results in an energy-deprived state of N. eutropha C91 and that anaerobic growth could not be supported with NO(2) as an oxidant.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Diversity and enrichment of nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidizing bacteria from wastewater sludge.
- Author
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Luesken FA, van Alen TA, van der Biezen E, Frijters C, Toonen G, Kampman C, Hendrickx TL, Zeeman G, Temmink H, Strous M, Op den Camp HJ, and Jetten MS
- Subjects
- Anaerobiosis, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Cluster Analysis, DNA, Bacterial chemistry, DNA, Bacterial genetics, DNA, Ribosomal chemistry, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, Methylococcaceae genetics, Methylococcaceae metabolism, Molecular Sequence Data, Netherlands, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Methane metabolism, Methylococcaceae isolation & purification, Nitrites metabolism, Sewage microbiology
- Abstract
Recently discovered microorganisms affiliated to the bacterial phylum NC10, named "Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera", perform nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation. These microorganisms could be important players in a novel way of anaerobic wastewater treatment where ammonium and residual dissolved methane might be removed at the expense of nitrate or nitrite. To find suitable inocula for reactor startup, ten selected wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in The Netherlands were screened for the endogenous presence of M. oxyfera using molecular diagnostic methods. We could identify NC10 bacteria with 98% similarity to M. oxyfera in nine out of ten WWTPs tested. Sludge from one selected WWTP was used to start a new enrichment culture of NC10 bacteria. This enrichment was monitored using specific pmoA primers and M. oxyfera cells were visualized with fluorescence oligonucleotide probes. After 112 days, the enrichment consumed up to 0.4 mM NO(2)(-) per day. The results of this study show that appropriate sources of biomass, enrichment strategies, and diagnostic tools existed to start and monitor pilot scale tests for the implementation of nitrite-dependent methane oxidation in wastewater treatment at ambient temperature., (© The Author(s) 2011. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. New anaerobic, ammonium-oxidizing community enriched from peat soil.
- Author
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Hu BL, Rush D, van der Biezen E, Zheng P, van Mullekom M, Schouten S, Sinninghe Damsté JS, Smolders AJ, Jetten MS, and Kartal B
- Subjects
- Bacteria, Anaerobic isolation & purification, Bacteria, Anaerobic physiology, Bacteriological Techniques, Culture Media, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Lipids analysis, Molecular Sequence Data, Netherlands, Nitrites metabolism, Oxidation-Reduction, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Species Specificity, Bacteria, Anaerobic classification, Bacteria, Anaerobic genetics, Ecosystem, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds metabolism, Soil Microbiology
- Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria have been recognized as an important sink for fixed nitrogen and are detected in many natural environments. However, their presence in terrestrial ecosystems has long been overlooked, and their contribution to the nitrogen cycling in natural and agricultural soils is currently unknown. Here we describe the enrichment and characterization of anammox bacteria from a nitrogen-loaded peat soil. After 8 months of incubation with the natural surface water of the sampling site and increasing ammonium and nitrite concentrations, anammox cells constituted 40 to 50% of the enrichment culture. The two dominant anammox phylotypes were affiliated with "Candidatus Jettenia asiatica" and "Candidatus Brocadia fulgida." The enrichment culture converted NH(4)(+) and NO(2)(-) to N(2) with the previously reported stoichiometry (1:1.27) and had a maximum specific anaerobic ammonium oxidation rate of 0.94 mmol NH(4)(+)·g (dry weight)(-1)·h(-1) at pH 7.1 and 32°C. The diagnostic anammox-specific lipids were detected at a concentration of 650 ng·g (dry weight)(-1), and pentyl-[3]-ladderane was the most abundant ladderane lipid.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based proteomics of Nitrosomonas.
- Author
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Wessels HJ, Gloerich J, van der Biezen E, Jetten MS, and Kartal B
- Subjects
- Analytic Sample Preparation Methods, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid instrumentation, Databases, Genetic, Nitrosomonas europaea growth & development, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Tandem Mass Spectrometry instrumentation, Bacterial Proteins analysis, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Nitrosomonas europaea chemistry, Proteomics methods, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods
- Abstract
During the last century, the research on aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) lead to many exciting physiological and biochemical discoveries. Nevertheless the molecular biology of AOB is not well understood. The availability of the genome sequences of several Nitrosomonas species opened up new possiblities to use state of the art transcriptomic and proteomic tools to study AOB. With the currect technology, thousands of proteins can be analyzed in several hours of measurement and translated proteins can be detected at femtomole and attomole concentrations. Moreover, it is possible to use mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to analyze the expression, subcellular localization, posttranslational modifications, and interactions of translated proteins. In this chapter, we describe our LC-MS/MS methodology and quality control strategy to study the protein complement of Nitrosomonas eutropha C91., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Identification and quantification of anammox bacteria in eight nitrogen removal reactors.
- Author
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Hu BL, Zheng P, Tang CJ, Chen JW, van der Biezen E, Zhang L, Ni BJ, Jetten MS, Yan J, Yu HQ, and Kartal B
- Subjects
- Anaerobiosis, Bacteria genetics, Gene Dosage, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Molecular Sequence Data, Oxidation-Reduction, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Ammonia metabolism, Bacteria metabolism, Bioreactors microbiology, Nitrogen isolation & purification
- Abstract
Various studies have revealed anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) as a very attractive alternative process suitable for nitrogen removal from wastewater. Here we investigated anammox bacteria in eight different nitrogen removal reactors. The diversity and abundance of anammox bacteria were determined by the 16S rRNA gene analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization with specific probes and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). In these reactors, at least eight unique near full length anammox 16S rRNA gene sequences were detected, which were distributed over two genera; Candidati Brocadia and Kuenenia. FISH results confirmed that only one anammox bacterium dominated the community in each of the eight reactors investigated in this study. qPCR analysis revealed that anammox bacteria were present in seven of the reactors in the order of 10(9) cells/ml and 10(7) cells/ml in reactor A1. The dominant and divergent Brocadia-like anammox phylotype in one reactor represented a novel species for which we propose the name Candidatus Brocadia sinica. Taken together, these results indicated that a single seeding source could be used to seed anammox reactors designed to treat different types of wastewater, which could lead to a faster start-up of bioreactors., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Ammonium concentrations in produced waters from a mesothermic oil field subjected to nitrate injection decrease through formation of denitrifying biomass and anammox activity.
- Author
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Shartau SL, Yurkiw M, Lin S, Grigoryan AA, Lambo A, Park HS, Lomans BP, van der Biezen E, Jetten MS, and Voordouw G
- Subjects
- Bacteria classification, Bacteria genetics, Biomass, Cluster Analysis, DNA, Bacterial chemistry, DNA, Bacterial genetics, DNA, Ribosomal chemistry, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Metagenome, Molecular Sequence Data, Nucleic Acid Denaturation, Oxidation-Reduction, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sulfides metabolism, Bacteria metabolism, Biodiversity, Nitrates metabolism, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds analysis, Soil Microbiology, Water chemistry
- Abstract
Community analysis of a mesothermic oil field, subjected to continuous field-wide injection of nitrate to remove sulfide, with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes indicated the presence of heterotrophic and sulfide-oxidizing, nitrate-reducing bacteria (hNRB and soNRB). These reduce nitrate by dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (e.g., Sulfurospirillum and Denitrovibrio) or by denitrification (e.g., Sulfurimonas, Arcobacter, and Thauera). Monitoring of ammonium concentrations in producing wells (PWs) indicated that denitrification was the main pathway for nitrate reduction in the field: breakthrough of nitrate and nitrite in two PWs was not associated with an increase in the ammonium concentration, and no increase in the ammonium concentration was seen in any of 11 producing wells during periods of increased nitrate injection. Instead, ammonium concentrations in produced waters decreased on average from 0.3 to 0.2 mM during 2 years of nitrate injection. Physiological studies with produced water-derived hNRB microcosms indicated increased biomass formation associated with denitrification as a possible cause for decreasing ammonium concentrations. Use of anammox-specific primers and cloning of the resulting PCR product gave clones affiliated with the known anammox genera "Candidatus Brocadia" and "Candidatus Kuenenia," indicating that the anammox reaction may also contribute to declining ammonium concentrations. Overall, the results indicate the following: (i) that nitrate injected into an oil field to oxidize sulfide is primarily reduced by denitrifying bacteria, of which many genera have been identified by DGGE, and (ii) that perhaps counterintuitively, nitrate injection leads to decreasing ammonium concentrations in produced waters.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Quest for antimicrobial genes to engineer disease-resistant crops.
- Author
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van der Biezen EA
- Subjects
- Crops, Agricultural microbiology, Crops, Agricultural genetics, Genetic Engineering, Plant Diseases genetics
- Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are ancient mediators of the innate defenses of all species of life. These small lytic peptides are being exploited to genetically engineer disease-resistant crop plants. It is anticipated that certain (combinations of) potent antimicrobial peptides will provide agronomically relevant levels of disease control and should contribute to more sustainable agricultural practices.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Genetic complexity of pathogen perception by plants: the example of Rcr3, a tomato gene required specifically by Cf-2.
- Author
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Dixon MS, Golstein C, Thomas CM, van Der Biezen EA, and Jones JD
- Subjects
- Biological Evolution, Chromosome Mapping, Genes, Plant, Solanum lycopersicum genetics, Solanum lycopersicum microbiology
- Abstract
Genetic analysis of plant-pathogen interactions has demonstrated that resistance to infection is often determined by the interaction of dominant plant resistance (R) genes and dominant pathogen-encoded avirulence (Avr) genes. It was postulated that R genes encode receptors for Avr determinants. A large number of R genes and their cognate Avr genes have now been analyzed at the molecular level. R gene loci are extremely polymorphic, particularly in sequences encoding amino acids of the leucine-rich repeat motif. A major challenge is to determine how Avr perception by R proteins triggers the plant defense response. Mutational analysis has identified several genes required for the function of specific R proteins. Here we report the identification of Rcr3, a tomato gene required specifically for Cf-2-mediated resistance. We propose that Avr products interact with host proteins to promote disease, and that R proteins "guard" these host components and initiate Avr-dependent plant defense responses.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. cDNA-AFLP display for the isolation of Peronospora parasitica genes expressed during infection in Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Author
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van der Biezen EA, Juwana H, Parker JE, and Jones JD
- Subjects
- Base Sequence, DNA Primers, DNA, Complementary, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Molecular Sequence Data, Arabidopsis microbiology, Genes, Fungal, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques, Oomycetes genetics
- Abstract
To identify genes from the obligatory biotrophic oomycete Peronospora parasitica that are expressed during infection in Arabidopsis thaliana we employed cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) display. cDNA-AFLP fragments from infected and non-infected leaves were separated in parallel by gel electrophoresis and displayed by autoradiography. Most differential gene fragments were derived from P. parasitica.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Arabidopsis RelA/SpoT homologs implicate (p)ppGpp in plant signaling.
- Author
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van der Biezen EA, Sun J, Coleman MJ, Bibb MJ, and Jones JD
- Subjects
- Arabidopsis enzymology, Arabidopsis genetics, Escherichia coli metabolism, Guanosine Pentaphosphate genetics, Ligases genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Phenotype, Plant Proteins chemistry, Plant Proteins genetics, Streptomyces metabolism, Two-Hybrid System Techniques, Arabidopsis metabolism, Arabidopsis Proteins, Guanosine Pentaphosphate metabolism, Ligases metabolism, Plant Proteins metabolism, Signal Transduction
- Abstract
Arabidopsis RPP5 is a member of a large class of pathogen resistance genes encoding nucleotide-binding sites and leucine-rich repeat domains. Yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that RPP5 specifically interacts with At-RSH1, an Arabidopsis RelA/SpoT homolog. In Escherichia coli, RelA and SpoT determine the level of guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine pentaphosphate (pppGpp), which are the effector nucleotides of the bacterial stringent response. Functional analysis in E. coli and in Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (2) showed that At-RSH1 confers phenotypes associated with (p)ppGpp synthesis. We characterized two additional Arabidopsis RelA/SpoT homologs, At-RSH2 and At-RSH3. At-RSH genes may regulate a rapid plant (p)ppGpp-mediated response to pathogens and other stresses.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Unravelling R gene-mediated disease resistance pathways in Arabidopsis.
- Author
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Parker JE, Feys BJ, van der Biezen EA, Noël L, Aarts N, Austin MJ, Botella MA, Frost LN, Daniels MJ, and Jones JD
- Abstract
Abstract Molecular genetic approaches were adopted in the model crucifer, Arabidopsis thaliana, to unravel components of RPP5- and RPP1-mediated disease resistance to the oomycete pathogen, Peronospora parasitica. The products of RPP5 and three genes comprising the RPP1 complex locus belong to a major subclass of nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) resistance (R) protein that has amino-terminal homology to the cytoplasmic domains of Drosophila and mammalian Toll and interleukin-1 family receptors (the so called 'TIR' domain). Similarities in the domain architecture of these proteins and animal regulators of programmed cell death have also been observed. Mutational screens revealed a number of genes that are required for RPP5-conditioned resistance. Among these are EDS1 and PAD4. Both EDS1 and PAD4 precede the function of salicylic acid-mediated plant responses. The EDS1 and PAD4 genes were cloned and found to encode proteins with similarity to the catalytic site of eukaryotic lipases, suggesting that they may function by hydrolysing a lipid-based substrate.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Pronounced intraspecific haplotype divergence at the RPP5 complex disease resistance locus of Arabidopsis.
- Author
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Noël L, Moores TL, van Der Biezen EA, Parniske M, Daniels MJ, Parker JE, and Jones JD
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Conserved Sequence, Evolution, Molecular, Fungi pathogenicity, Haplotypes, Immunity, Innate, Molecular Sequence Data, Multigene Family, Phylogeny, Plant Diseases, Plant Proteins chemistry, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Arabidopsis genetics, Arabidopsis microbiology, Arabidopsis Proteins, Genetic Variation, Plant Proteins genetics, Polymorphism, Genetic
- Abstract
In Arabidopsis ecotype Landsberg erecta (Ler), RPP5 confers resistance to the pathogen Peronospora parasitica. RPP5 is part of a clustered multigene family encoding nucleotide binding-leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins. We compared 95 kb of DNA sequence carrying the Ler RPP5 haplotype with the corresponding 90 kb of Arabidopsis ecotype Columbia (Col-0). Relative to the remainder of the genome, the Ler and Col-0 RPP5 haplotypes exhibit remarkable intraspecific polymorphism. The RPP5 gene family probably evolved by extensive recombination between LRRs from an RPP5-like progenitor that carried only eight LRRs. Most members have variable LRR configurations and encode different numbers of LRRs. Although many members carry retroelement insertions or frameshift mutations, codon usage analysis suggests that regions of the genes have been subject to purifying or diversifying selection, indicating that these genes were, or are, functional. The RPP5 haplotypes thus carry dynamic gene clusters with the potential to adapt rapidly to novel pathogen variants by gene duplication and modification of recognition capacity. We propose that the extremely high level of polymorphism at this complex resistance locus is maintained by frequency-dependent selection.
- Published
- 1999
25. Plant disease-resistance proteins and the gene-for-gene concept.
- Author
-
Van der Biezen EA and Jones JD
- Subjects
- Bacterial Proteins genetics, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins, Plant Proteins metabolism, Plants virology, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases genetics, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism, Proteins genetics, Proteins metabolism, Viruses genetics, Viruses pathogenicity, Bacteria genetics, Bacteria pathogenicity, Models, Biological, Plant Proteins genetics, Plants genetics, Plants microbiology
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The NB-ARC domain: a novel signalling motif shared by plant resistance gene products and regulators of cell death in animals.
- Author
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van der Biezen EA and Jones JD
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Apoptosis physiology, Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1, Binding Sites genetics, Calcium-Binding Proteins genetics, Calcium-Binding Proteins physiology, Conserved Sequence, Helminth Proteins genetics, Helminth Proteins physiology, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Plant Proteins physiology, Proteins physiology, Signal Transduction, Apoptosis genetics, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins, Plant Proteins genetics, Proteins genetics
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Identification and isolation of the FEEBLY gene from tomato by transposon tagging.
- Author
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van der Biezen EA, Brandwagt BF, van Leeuwen W, Nijkamp HJ, and Hille J
- Subjects
- Aminobutyrates pharmacology, Anthocyanins biosynthesis, Base Sequence, Chlorophyll analysis, Cloning, Molecular methods, DNA, Complementary genetics, DNA, Plant genetics, Genes, Recessive, Genetic Linkage, Herbicides pharmacology, Solanum lycopersicum drug effects, Solanum lycopersicum growth & development, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutagenesis, Insertional, RNA, Plant analysis, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Zea mays genetics, DNA Transposable Elements genetics, Genes, Plant genetics, Solanum lycopersicum genetics, Mutation, Plant Proteins genetics
- Abstract
The Ac/Ds transposon system from maize was used for insertional mutagenesis in tomato. Marker genes were employed for the selection of plants carrying a total of 471 unique Ds elements. Three mutants were obtained with Ds insertions closely linked to recessive mutations: feebly (fb), yellow jim (yj) and dopey (dp). The fb seedlings produced high anthocyanin levels, developed into small fragile plants, and were insensitive to the herbicide phosphinothricin. The yj plants had yellow leaves as a result of reduced levels of chlorophyll. The dp mutants completely or partially lacked inflorescences. The fb and yj loci were genetically linked to the Ds donor site on chromosome 3. Reactivation of the Ds element in the fb mutants by crosses with an Ac-containing line resulted in restoration of the wild-type phenotypes. Plant DNA fragments flanking both sides of the Ds element in the fb mutant were isolated by the inverse polymerase chain reaction. Molecular analysis showed that phenotypic reversions of fb were correlated with excisions of Ds. DNA sequence analysis of Fb reversion alleles showed the characteristic Ds footprints. Northern and cDNA sequence analysis indicated that transcription of the FEEBLY (FB) gene was impeded by the insertion of Ds in an intron. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of the FB protein with other database sequences indicated that FB is a novel gene.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Inheritance and genetic mapping of resistance to Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici in Lycopersicon pennellii.
- Author
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van der Biezen EA, Glagotskaya T, Overduin B, Nijkamp HJ, and Hille J
- Subjects
- Genetic Linkage, Immunity, Innate, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Alternaria pathogenicity, Solanum lycopersicum genetics, Mycotoxins toxicity, Plant Diseases genetics
- Abstract
The fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici produces AAL-toxins that function as chemical determinants of the Alternaria stem canker disease in the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). In resistant cultivars, the disease is controlled by the Asc locus on chromosome 3. Our aim was to characterize novel sources of resistance to the fungus and of insensitivity to the host-selective AAL-toxins. To that end, the degree of sensitivity of wild tomato species to AAL-toxins was analyzed. Of all members of the genus Lycopersicon, only L. cheesmanii was revealed to be sensitive to AAL-toxins and susceptible to fungal infection. Besides moderately insensitive responses from some species, L. pennellii and L. peruvianum were shown to be highly insensitive to AAL-toxins as well as resistant to the pathogen. Genetic analyses showed that high insensitivity to AAL-toxins from L. pennellii is inherited in tomato as a single complete dominant locus. This is in contrast to the incomplete dominance of insensitivity to AAL-toxins of L. esculentum. Subsequent classical genetics, RFLP mapping and allelic testing indicated that high insensitivity to AAL-toxins from L. pennellii is conferred by a new allele of the Asc locus.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. The Asc locus for resistance to Alternaria stem canker in tomato does not encode the enzyme aspartate carbamoyltransferase.
- Author
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Overduin B, Hogenhout SA, van der Biezen EA, Haring MA, Nijkamp HJ, and Hille J
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Base Sequence, Chromosome Mapping, DNA, Single-Stranded, Genes, Plant immunology, Genetic Linkage, Molecular Sequence Data, Plants genetics, Plants microbiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Alternaria immunology, Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase genetics, Genes, Plant genetics, Plant Diseases microbiology, Plants enzymology
- Abstract
The fungal disease resistance locus Alternaria stem canker (Asc) in tomato has been suggested to encode the enzyme aspartate carbamoyltransferase (ACTase). To test this hypothesis a segment of the tomato ACTase gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using degenerate primers. The PCR product obtained was subsequently used to isolate an ACTase cDNA clone. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) linkage analysis showed that the ACTase gene and the Asc locus do not cosegregate. RFLP mapping positioned the ACTase gene on chromosome 11, while the Asc locus is located on chromosome 3. These results exclude the possibility that the ACTase protein is encoded by the Asc locus.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Ac-induced disruption of the double Ds structure in tomato.
- Author
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Rommens CM, van der Biezen EA, Ouwerkerk PB, Nijkamp HJ, and Hille J
- Subjects
- Base Sequence, Blotting, Southern, DNA genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Plasmids, Transcriptional Activation, Zea mays genetics, DNA Transposable Elements, Fruit genetics
- Abstract
The maize doubleDs element is stably maintained in the tomato genome. Upon the subsequent introduction of Ac into a plant containing doubleDs, disruption of the doubleDs structure and DNA rearrangements at the site of the doubleDs element were observed. No indications were obtained for excision of the complete doubleDs structure. The consequences of transactivation of doubleDs in these experiments are different from those described for transactivation of single Ds elements in tomato. The mechanisms by which such rearrangements could have occurred in tomato are discussed in relation to complex insertions containing doubleDs in maize.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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