39 results on '"van Vuren, Petrus Jansen"'
Search Results
2. Rift Valley Fever Virus Seroprevalence among Humans, Northern KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, 2018-2019
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Paweska, Janusz T., Msimang, Veerle, Kgaladi, Joe, Hellferscee, Orienka, Weyer, Jacqueline, and van Vuren, Petrus Jansen
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KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa -- Health aspects ,Rift Valley fever -- Statistics -- Risk factors ,Health - Abstract
Geographic expansion of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) associated with health and socioeconomic losses is of great concern for veterinary and public health professionals worldwide (1). In South Africa, major [...]
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- 2021
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3. Shedding of Marburg Virus in Naturally Infected Egyptian Rousette Bats, South Africa, 2017
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Pawcska, Janusz T., Storm, Nadia, Markotter, Wanda, Paola, Nicholas Di, Wiley, Michael R., Palacios, Gustavo, and van Vuren, Petrus Jansen
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Marburg virus disease -- Risk factors -- Distribution ,Epidemics -- Risk factors -- Distribution -- South Africa ,Zoonoses -- Distribution -- Risk factors ,Company distribution practices ,Health - Abstract
The genus Marburgvirus, family Filoviridae, comprises 1 species, Marburg marburgvirus, which comprises 2 marburgviruses, Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV) (1). Marburgviruses cause sporadic but often fatal MARV disease [...]
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- 2020
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4. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine candidate significantly reduces SARS-CoV-2 shedding in ferrets
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Marsh, Glenn A., McAuley, Alexander J., Au, Gough G., Riddell, Sarah, Layton, Daniel, Singanallur, Nagendrakumar B., Layton, Rachel, Payne, Jean, Durr, Peter A., Bender, Hannah, Barr, Jennifer A., Bingham, John, Boyd, Victoria, Brown, Sheree, Bruce, Matthew P., Burkett, Kathie, Eastwood, Teresa, Edwards, Sarah, Gough, Tamara, Halpin, Kim, Harper, Jenni, Holmes, Clare, Horman, William S. J., van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, Lowther, Suzanne, Maynard, Kate, McAuley, Kristen D., Neave, Matthew J., Poole, Timothy, Rootes, Christina, Rowe, Brenton, Soldani, Elisha, Stevens, Vittoria, Stewart, Cameron R., Suen, Willy W., Tachedjian, Mary, Todd, Shawn, Trinidad, Lee, Walter, Duane, Watson, Naomi, Drew, Trevor W., Gilbert, Sarah C., Lambe, Teresa, and Vasan, S. S.
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- 2021
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5. Rift Valley Fever Reemergence after 7 Years of Quiescence, South Africa, May 2018
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van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, Kgaladi, Joe, Msimang, Veerle, and Paweska, Janusz T.
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Epidemics -- Genetic aspects -- South Africa -- Kenya -- Madagascar -- Mauritania -- China ,Marburg virus disease -- Genetic aspects ,Rift valley fever -- Genetic aspects ,Phylogeny ,EDTA ,Genotypes ,Oceans ,Genetic research ,Health - Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) epidemics occur at irregular intervals in Africa, on the Arabian Peninsula, in Madagascar, and on other Indian Ocean islands (1). South Africa has experienced 3 major [...]
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- 2019
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6. Marburg Virus Infection in Egyptian Rousette Bats, South Africa, 2013-20141
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Pawcska, Janusz T., van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, Kemp, Alan, Storm, Nadia, Grobbelaar, Antoinette A., Wiley, Michael R., Palacios, Gustavo, and Markotter, Wanda
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Genotypes -- Health aspects ,Marburg virus disease -- Genetic aspects -- Development and progression -- Care and treatment ,Infection control -- Methods ,Health - Abstract
As of March 2018, thirteen outbreaks of Marburg virus (MARV) disease (MVD) have been reported, most occurring in sub-Saharan Africa (1,2). The first recognized outbreak of MVD in Africa occurred [...]
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- 2018
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7. Lack of Marburg Virus Transmission From Experimentally Infected to Susceptible In-Contact Egyptian Fruit Bats
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Paweska, Janusz T., van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, Fenton, Karla A., Graves, Kerry, Grobbelaar, Antoinette A., Moolla, Naazneen, Leman, Patricia, Weyer, Jacqueline, Storm, Nadia, McCulloch, Stewart D., Scott, Terence P., Markotter, Wanda, Odendaal, Lieza, Clift, Sarah J., Geisbert, Thomas W., Hale, Martin J., and Kemp, Alan
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- 2015
8. At Least Three Doses of Leading Vaccines Essential for Neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant
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Singanallur, Nagendrakumar B., primary, van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, additional, McAuley, Alexander J., additional, Bruce, Matthew P., additional, Kuiper, Michael J., additional, Gwini, Stella M., additional, Riddell, Shane, additional, Goldie, Sarah, additional, Drew, Trevor W., additional, Blasdell, Kim R., additional, Tachedjian, Mary, additional, Mangalaganesh, Shruthi, additional, Chahal, Simran, additional, Caly, Leon, additional, Druce, Julian D., additional, Juno, Jennifer A., additional, Kent, Stephen J., additional, Wheatley, Adam K., additional, and Vasan, Seshadri S., additional
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- 2022
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9. Highly Thermotolerant SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Elicits Neutralising Antibodies Against Delta and Omicron in Mice
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van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, primary, McAuley, Alexander J., additional, Kuiper, Michael J., additional, Singanallur, Nagendrakumar B., additional, Bruce, Matthew P., additional, Riddell, Shane, additional, Goldie, Sarah, additional, Mangalaganesh, Shruthi, additional, Chahal, Simran, additional, Drew, Trevor W., additional, Blasdell, Kim R., additional, Tachedjian, Mary, additional, Caly, Leon, additional, Druce, Julian D., additional, Ahmed, Shahbaz, additional, Khan, Mohammad Suhail, additional, Malladi, Sameer Kumar, additional, Singh, Randhir, additional, Pandey, Suman, additional, Varadarajan, Raghavan, additional, and Vasan, Seshadri S., additional
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- 2022
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10. A Stabilized, Monomeric, Receptor Binding Domain Elicits High-Titer Neutralizing Antibodies Against All SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern
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Ahmed, Shahbaz, primary, Khan, Mohammad Suhail, additional, Gayathri, Savitha, additional, Singh, Randhir, additional, Kumar, Sahil, additional, Patel, Unnatiben Rajeshbhai, additional, Malladi, Sameer Kumar, additional, Rajmani, Raju S., additional, van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, additional, Riddell, Shane, additional, Goldie, Sarah, additional, Girish, Nidhi, additional, Reddy, Poorvi, additional, Upadhyaya, Aditya, additional, Pandey, Suman, additional, Siddiqui, Samreen, additional, Tyagi, Akansha, additional, Jha, Sujeet, additional, Pandey, Rajesh, additional, Khatun, Oyahida, additional, Narayan, Rohan, additional, Tripathi, Shashank, additional, McAuley, Alexander J., additional, Singanallur, Nagendrakumar Balasubramanian, additional, Vasan, Seshadri S., additional, Ringe, Rajesh P., additional, and Varadarajan, Raghavan, additional
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- 2021
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11. Epidemiologic investigations into outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever in humans, South Africa, 2008-2011
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Archer, Brett N., Thomas, Juno, Weyer, Jacqueline, Cengimbo, Ayanda, Landoh, Dadja E., Jacobs, Charlene, Ntuli, Sindile, Modise, Motshabi, Mathonsi, Moshe, Mashishi, Morton S., Leman, Patricia A., le Roux, Chantel, van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, Kemp, Alan, Paweska, Janusz T., and Blumberg, Lucille
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Rift Valley fever -- Investigations ,Zoonoses -- Investigations ,Public health -- Investigations ,Livestock -- Investigations ,Company legal issue ,Health - Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an emerging arboviral zoonosis, endemic to Africa. During periods of anomalous heavy and prolonged rainfalls that favor the breeding of competent mosquito vectors, Rift Valley [...]
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- 2013
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12. Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of a Highly Thermotolerant, Trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Derivative
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Malladi, Sameer Kumar, primary, Patel, Unnatiben Rajeshbhai, additional, Rajmani, Raju S., additional, Singh, Randhir, additional, Pandey, Suman, additional, Kumar, Sahil, additional, Khaleeq, Sara, additional, van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, additional, Riddell, Shane, additional, Goldie, Sarah, additional, Gayathri, Savitha, additional, Chakraborty, Debajyoti, additional, Kalita, Parismita, additional, Pramanick, Ishika, additional, Agarwal, Nupur, additional, Reddy, Poorvi, additional, Girish, Nidhi, additional, Upadhyaya, Aditya, additional, Khan, Mohammad Suhail, additional, Kanjo, Kawkab, additional, Bhat, Madhuraj, additional, Mani, Shailendra, additional, Bhattacharyya, Sankar, additional, Siddiqui, Samreen, additional, Tyagi, Akansha, additional, Jha, Sujeet, additional, Pandey, Rajesh, additional, Tripathi, Shashank, additional, Dutta, Somnath, additional, McAuley, Alexander J., additional, Singanallur, Nagendrakumar Balasubramanian, additional, Vasan, Seshadri S., additional, Ringe, Rajesh P., additional, and Varadarajan, Raghavan, additional
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- 2021
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13. ILRUN Downregulates ACE2 Expression and Blocks Infection of Human Cells by SARS-CoV-2
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Tribolet, Leon, primary, Alexander, Marina R., additional, Brice, Aaron M., additional, van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, additional, Rootes, Christina L., additional, Mara, Kostlend, additional, McDonald, Meg, additional, Bruce, Kerri L., additional, Gough, Tamara J., additional, Shi, Shuning, additional, Cowled, Christopher, additional, Bean, Andrew G. D., additional, and Stewart, Cameron R., additional
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- 2021
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14. Concentration of infectious SARS-CoV-2 by polyethylene glycol precipitation
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Alexander, Marina R., Rootes, Christina L., van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, and Stewart, Cameron R.
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- 2020
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15. Recombinant nucleocapsid-based ELISA for detection of IgG antibody to Rift Valley fever virus in African buffalo
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Paweska, Janusz T., van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, Kemp, Alan, Buss, Peter, Bengis, Roy G., Gakuya, Francis, Breiman, Robert F., Njenga, M. Kariuki, and Swanepoel, Robert
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- 2008
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16. Ribosome-profiling reveals restricted post transcriptional expression of antiviral cytokines and transcription factors during SARS-CoV-2 infection
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Alexander, Marina R., primary, Brice, Aaron M., additional, van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, additional, Rootes, Christina L., additional, Tribolet, Leon, additional, Cowled, Christopher, additional, Bean, Andrew G. D., additional, and Stewart, Cameron R., additional
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- 2021
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17. ILRUN downregulates ACE2 expression and blocks infection of human cells by SARS-CoV-2
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Tribolet, Leon, primary, Alexander, Marina R., additional, Brice, Aaron M., additional, van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, additional, Rootes, Christina L., additional, Mara, Kostlend, additional, McDonald, Meg, additional, Bruce, Kerri L., additional, Gough, Tamara J., additional, Shi, Shuning, additional, Cowled, Christopher, additional, Bean, Andrew G. D., additional, and Stewart, Cameron R., additional
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- 2020
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18. Development and validation of a pen side test for Rift Valley fever
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Pedarrieu, Aurelie, Juremalm, Mikael, Van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, Brun, Alejandro, EL Mamy, Ahmed Bezeid Ould, Héraud, Jean-Michel, Filippone, Claudia, Ravalohery, Jean-Pierre, Chaabihi, Hassan, Albina, Emmanuel, Dommergues, Laure, Paweska, Janusz, Cardinale, Eric, and Cêtre-Sossah, Catherine
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Santé publique et épidémiologie - Abstract
Background Rift Valley fever (RVF) is one of the main vector borne zoonotic diseases that affects a wide range of ruminants and human beings in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. A rapid and specific test for RVF diagnosis at the site of a suspected outbreak is crucial for the implementation of control measures. Methodology/Principal findings A first-line lateral flow immunochromatographic strip test (LFT) was developed for the detection of the nucleoprotein (N) of the RVF virus (RVFV). Its diagnostic performance characteristics were evaluated using reference stocks isolates recovered from different hosts and in geographic regions mimicking clinical specimens and from known RVF negative serum samples. A high level of diagnostic accuracy (DSe (35/35), DSp (167/169)) was observed, including the absence of cross-reactivity with viruses belonging to different genera. Author summary Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a viral disease that affects a wide range of animals and human beings in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula involving low case fatality rates. A rapid and specific test for RVF diagnosis at the site of a suspected outbreak is crucial for the implementation of control measures. Here, we report the development and the evaluation of the diagnostic performance characteristics of a pen-side test found to be a highly accurate and valuable first-line diagnostic tool for on-site RVF detection.
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- 2019
19. Biosafety standards for working with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
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Weidmann, Manfred, Avsic-Zupanc, Tatjana, Bino, Silvia, Bouloy, Michelle, Burt, Felicity, Chinikar, Sadegh, Christova, Iva, Dedushaj, Isuf, El-Sanousi, Ahmed, Elaldi, Nazif, Hewson, Roger, Hufert, Frank T., Humolli, Isme, van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, Tufan, Zeliha Kocak, Korukluoglu, Gulay, Lyssen, Pieter, Mirazimi, Ali, Neyts, Johan, Niedrig, Matthias, Ozkul, Aykut, Papa, Anna, Paweska, Janusz, Sall, Amadou A., Schmaljohn, Connie S., Swanepoel, Robert, Uyar, Yavuz, Weber, Friedemann, Zeller, Herve, [Weidmann, Manfred] Univ Stirling, Inst Aquaculture, Stirling, Scotland -- [Avsic-Zupanc, Tatjana] Univ Ljubljana Fac Med, Inst Microbiol & Immunol, Ljubljana, Slovenia -- [Bino, Silvia] Inst Publ Hlth, Control Infect Dis Dept, Tirana, Albania -- [Bouloy, Michelle] Inst Pasteur, Bunyaviruses Mol Genet, Paris, France -- [Burt, Felicity] Univ Free State, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Med Microbiol & Virol, Bloemfontein, South Africa -- [Chinikar, Sadegh] Pasteur Inst Iran, Natl Ref Lab, Lab Arboviruses & Viral Hemorrhag Fevers, Tehran, Iran -- [Christova, Iva] Natl Ctr Infect & Parasit Dis, Sofia, Bulgaria -- [Dedushaj, Isuf -- Humolli, Isme] Natl Inst Publ Hlth Kosovo, Pristina, Kosovo -- [El-Sanousi, Ahmed] Cairo Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Virol, Giza, Egypt -- [Elaldi, Nazif] Cumhuriyet Univ, Fac Med, Dept Infect Dis & Clin Microbiol, Sivas, Turkey -- [Hewson, Roger] Publ Hlth England, Salisbury, Wilts, England -- [Hufert, Frank T.] Brandenburg Med Sch, Inst Microbiol & Virol, Senftenberg, Germany -- [van Vuren, Petrus Jansen -- Paweska, Janusz] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa -- [Tufan, Zeliha Kocak] Yildirim Beyazit Univ, Ankara Ataturk Training & Res Hosp, Infect Dis & Clin Microbiol Dept, Ankara, Turkey -- [Korukluoglu, Gulay] Publ Hlth Inst Turkey, Virol Reference & Res Lab, Ankara, Turkey -- [Lyssen, Pieter -- Neyts, Johan] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Leuven, Belgium -- [Mirazimi, Ali] Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Microbiol, Inst Lab Med, Stockholm, Sweden -- [Mirazimi, Ali] Karolinska Hosp Univ, Stockholm, Sweden -- [Niedrig, Matthias] Robert Koch Inst, Highly Pathogen Viruses, Ctr Biol Threats & Special Pathogens, Berlin, Germany -- [Ozkul, Aykut] Ankara Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Virol, Ankara, Turkey -- [Papa, Anna] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Thessaloniki, Greece -- [Sall, Amadou A.] Inst Pasteur, Arbovirus unit, Dakar, Senegal -- [Schmaljohn, Connie S.] US Army Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD USA -- [Swanepoel, Robert] Univ Pretoria, Dept Vet Trop Dis, Pretoria, South Africa -- [Uyar, Yavuz] Istanbul Univ, Cerrahpasa Fac Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Istanbul, Turkey -- [Weber, Friedemann] Justus Liebig Univ Giessen, Inst Virol, Giessen, Germany -- [Zeller, Herve] European Ctr Dis Prevent & Control, Stockholm, Sweden, Tufan, Zeliha Kocak -- 0000-0002-3294-014X, Ozkul, Aykut -- 0000-0001-5008-9443, Neyts, Johan -- 0000-0002-0033-7514, Weidmann, Manfred -- 0000-0002-7063-7491, and AVSIC ZUPANC, TATJANA -- 0000-0001-6243-0688
- Abstract
WOS: 000388677600001, PubMed ID: 27667586, In countries from which Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is absent, the causative virus, CCHF virus (CCHFV), is classified as a hazard group 4 agent and handled in containment level (CL)-4. In contrast, most endemic countries out of necessity have had to perform diagnostic tests under biosafety level (BSL)-2 or -3 conditions. In particular, Turkey and several of the Balkan countries have safely processed more than 100 000 samples over many years in BSL-2 laboratories. It is therefore advocated that biosafety requirements for CCHF diagnostic procedures should be revised, to allow the tests required to be performed under enhanced BSL-2 conditions with appropriate biosafety laboratory equipment and personal protective equipment used according to standardized protocols in the countries affected. Downgrading of CCHFV research work from CL-4, BSL-4 to CL-3, BSL-3 should also be considered., European Commission under Health Cooperation Work Program of 7th Framework Program [260427], Funding was received through CCH Fever Network (Collaborative Project) supported by the European Commission under the Health Cooperation Work Program of the 7th Framework Program (grant agreement no. 260427) (http://www.cch-fever.eu/). The views expressed by state-employed American co-authors are their personal views, and do not necessarily represent the views of the US government agencies they work for. The views expressed by the ECDC coauthor are his personal views, and do not necessarily represent the views of the European agency he is working for.
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- 2016
20. Shedding of Marburg Virus in Naturally Infected Egyptian Rousette Bats, South Africa, 2017.
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Pawęska, Janusz T., Storm, Nadia, Markotter, Wanda, Di Paola, Nicholas, Wiley, Michael R., Palacios, Gustavo, van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, and Jansen van Vuren, Petrus
- Abstract
We detected Marburg virus RNA in rectal swab samples from Egyptian rousette bats in South Africa in 2017. This finding signifies that fecal contamination of natural bat habitats is a potential source of infection for humans. Identified genetic sequences are closely related to Ravn virus, implying wider distribution of Marburg virus in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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21. Resurgence of yellow fever in Angola, 2015-2016
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Grobbelaar, Antoinette A., Weyer, Jacqueline, Moolla, Naazneen, van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, Moises, Francisco, and Paweska, Janusz T.
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Yellow fever -- Distribution ,Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) ,Company distribution practices ,Health - Abstract
To the Editor: Yellow fever virus (YFV) is endemic in tropical and subtropical Africa and South America, and it is transmitted to humans and nonhuman primates through the bites of [...]
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- 2016
22. Immunization with DNA plasmids coding for crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus capsid and envelope proteins and/or virus-like particles induces protection and survival in challenged mice
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Hinkula, Jorma, Devignot, Stéphanie, Åkerström, Sara, Karlberg, Helen, Wattrang, Eva, Bereczky, Sándor, Mousavi-Jazi, Mehrdad, Risinger, Christian Walter, Lindegren, Gunnel, Vernersson, Caroline, Paweska, Janusz, van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, Blixt, Klas Ola, Brun, Alejandro, Friedemann, Weber, Mirazimi, Ali, Hinkula, Jorma, Devignot, Stéphanie, Åkerström, Sara, Karlberg, Helen, Wattrang, Eva, Bereczky, Sándor, Mousavi-Jazi, Mehrdad, Risinger, Christian Walter, Lindegren, Gunnel, Vernersson, Caroline, Paweska, Janusz, van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, Blixt, Klas Ola, Brun, Alejandro, Friedemann, Weber, and Mirazimi, Ali
- Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a bunyavirus causing severe hemorrhagic fever disease in humans, with high mortality rates. The requirement of a high-containment laboratory and the lack of an animal model hampered the study of the immune response and protection of vaccine candidates. Using the recently developed interferon alpha receptor knockout (IFNAR-/-) mouse model, which replicates human disease, we investigated the immunogenicity and protection of two novel CCHFV vaccine candidates: a DNA vaccine encoding a ubiquitin-linked version of CCHFV Gc, Gn, and N and one using transcriptionally competent virus-like particles (tc-VLPs). In contrast to most studies that focus on neutralizing antibodies, we measured both humoral and cellular immune responses. We demonstrated a clear and 100% efficient preventive immunity against lethal CCHFV challenge with the DNA vaccine. Interestingly, there was no correlation with the neutralizing antibody titers alone, which were higher in the tc-VLP-vaccinated mice. However, the animals with a lower neutralizing titer, but a dominant cell-mediated Th1 response and a balanced Th2 response, resisted the CCHFV challenge. Moreover, we found that in challenged mice with a Th1 response (immunized by DNA/DNA and boosted by tc-VLPs), the immune response changed to Th2 at day 9 postchallenge. In addition, we were able to identify new linear B-cell epitope regions that are highly conserved between CCHFV strains. Altogether, our results suggest that a predominantly Th1-type immune response provides the most efficient protective immunity against CCHFV challenge. However, we cannot exclude the importance of the neutralizing antibodies as the surviving immunized mice exhibited substantial amounts of them.
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- 2017
23. Editorial: Is South Africa at risk for Zika virus disease?
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van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, Weyer, Jacqueline, Kemp, Alan, Dermaux-Msimang, Veerle, McCarthy, Kerrigan, Blumberg, Lucille, and Paweska, Janusz
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No Abstract
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- 2016
24. Immunization with DNA Plasmids Coding for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Capsid and Envelope Proteins and/or Virus-Like Particles Induces Protection and Survival in Challenged Mice
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Hinkula, Jorma, primary, Devignot, Stéphanie, additional, Åkerström, Sara, additional, Karlberg, Helen, additional, Wattrang, Eva, additional, Bereczky, Sándor, additional, Mousavi-Jazi, Mehrdad, additional, Risinger, Christian, additional, Lindegren, Gunnel, additional, Vernersson, Caroline, additional, Paweska, Janusz, additional, van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, additional, Blixt, Ola, additional, Brun, Alejandro, additional, Weber, Friedemann, additional, and Mirazimi, Ali, additional
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- 2017
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25. Analysis of Assembly and Budding of Lujo Virus
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Urata, Shuzo, primary, Weyer, Jacqueline, additional, Storm, Nadia, additional, Miyazaki, Yukiko, additional, van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, additional, Paweska, Janusz Tadeusz, additional, and Yasuda, Jiro, additional
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- 2016
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26. Marburg Virus Infection in Egyptian Rousette Bats, South Africa, 2013-20141.
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Pawęska, Janusz T., van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, Kemp, Alan, Storm, Nadia, Grobbelaar, Antoinette A., Wiley, Michael R., Palacios, Gustavo, Markotter, Wanda, and Jansen van Vuren, Petrus
- Subjects
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MARBURG virus disease , *MARBURG virus , *SEROPREVALENCE , *SEROCONVERSION , *REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
We detected a high seroprevalence of Marburg virus (MARV) antibodies in fruit bats in South Africa; 19.1% of recaptured bats seroconverted. The MARV RNA isolated closely resembled the 1975 Ozolin strain. These findings indicate endemic MARV circulation in bats in South Africa and should inform policies on MARV disease risk reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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27. Marburg Virus Infection in Egyptian Rousette Bats, South Africa, 2013-20141.
- Author
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Pawęska, Janusz T., van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, Kemp, Alan, Storm, Nadia, Grobbelaar, Antoinette A., Wiley, Michael R., Palacios, Gustavo, Markotter, Wanda, and Jansen van Vuren, Petrus
- Subjects
MARBURG virus disease ,MARBURG virus ,SEROPREVALENCE ,SEROCONVERSION ,REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
We detected a high seroprevalence of Marburg virus (MARV) antibodies in fruit bats in South Africa; 19.1% of recaptured bats seroconverted. The MARV RNA isolated closely resembled the 1975 Ozolin strain. These findings indicate endemic MARV circulation in bats in South Africa and should inform policies on MARV disease risk reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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28. Development of a recombinant antigen for the detection of antibodies against Rift Valley fever virus in humans and animals / Petrus Jansen van Vuren
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Van Vuren, Petrus Jansen
- Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease endemic to Africa that presents a significant health threat to both humans and animals. Outbreaks have serious economical implications. Two facts cause concern. Firstly, recent outbreaks in the Arabian Peninsula and effects of global warming have the implication that the virus might spread further into non-endemic RVF regions since it utilizes a wide range of mosquito vetors. Secondly, RVFV is a potential bio-terrorism agent. Therefore, quick, safe, robust and cost-effective methods of detection and appropriate diagnostic reagents are needed for early diagnosis, disease surveillance and bio-defence field monitoring. The development of several effective ELlSAs for the detection of antibodies to RVFV have been reported (Paweska et al., 2003a, 2003b and 2005a; 2005b). A serious drawback of these ELlSAs is that they use an inactivated virus as antigen. The availability of a recombinant antigen would lower the safety risks of antigen preparation and the costs of diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to clone and express a recombinant RVFV nucleoprotein (N) from a southern African RVFV strain (Zim 688/78), and to evaluate its suitability as a diagnostic antigen in an ELISA for the detection of antibodies to RVFV in humans and animals. The gene encoding the N protein was amplified by RT-PCR using primers specifically designed to contain restriction enzyme sites for cloning. The nucleic acid sequence of the gene was determined and compared to that of the 7 other published N gene sequences of different strains. The N gene of the Zim688178 strain had 5 unique nucleic acid differences, all in wobble positions which did not cause amino acid changes. The nucleic acid sequence of the Zim688I78 strain was the closest related to the Clone1 3 strain (98.6%), and its amino acid sequence was identical to Clone 13. A fragment of the gene encoding the glycoprotein G2 was also amplified, its nucleic acid sequence was determined and compared to the published G2 sequences of other strains. The G2 fragment was closest related to the BEgy93 (98.7%), HEgy93 (98.7%) and ZH548 (98.7%) strains. The Zim688/78 N gene was cloned into two bacterial expression system vectors, pGEX4T-1 and pET32(a)+ and three baculovirus expression vectors, pFastBac-1, pFastBacHT-B and pBACgus-1. Low amounts of completely insoluble recombinant N protein (rN) were expressed by baculovirus recombinants generated using pFastBacHT-B. The expression level of rN using pFastBac-I was higher and rN was more soluble. These constructs, including the pBACgus-1 construct, was sent to Biovac (Pinelands, South Africa) for further optimization of baculovirus expression. Bacterial expression using the pGEX4T-1 vector resulted in a high yield of rN, but it was mostly insoluble. However, IPTG induced bacterial expression with the pET32(a)+ construct resulted in a high yield of soluble rN. The recombinant nucleoprotein was purified with Ni-affinity column purification, using the pET32(a)+ fusion tag with 6x His residues. The purified rN was of high quality and therefore it could be used for direct coating of immunoplates in indirect ELISA (I-ELI%). Various coating procedures were tested. Overnight coating in carbonatelbicarbonate buffer (pH 9.6) on a MaxiSorp (Nunc) plate gave the best results. The recombinant 5 nucleoprotein antigen based I-ELISA was used to measure IgG and IgM antibodies in titrated sera from vaccinated personnel and naturally infected humans respectively. The test was able to distinguish between sera with high and low concentrations of antibodies. The rN-based I-ELISA was also used to measure IgG and IgM antibody responses in vaccinated and experimentally infected sheep. The test was able to show seroconversion in both vaccinated and infected sheep, track the rise and decline of IgM antibodies and detect the expected lower levels of the immune response in sheep vaccinated with liveattenuated virus compared to that of sheep infected with wild type virus. The rN also proved to be suitable as an antigen in IgG sandwich and IgM capture ELlSA formats. The production of the RVFV rN under experimental procedures used was quick, easy, relatively inexpensive and safe. The findings of this project demonstrated that the recombinant is a high quality diagnostic antigen for use in I-ELISAs for the detection of antibodies in humans and animals. Thesis (M.Sc. (Biochemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
- Published
- 2006
29. Isolation of a Novel Fusogenic Orthoreovirus from Eucampsipoda africana Bat Flies in South Africa.
- Author
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van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, Wiley, Michael, Palacios, Gustavo, Storm, Nadia, McCulloch, Stewart, Markotter, Wanda, Birkhead, Monica, Kemp, Alan, and Paweska, Janusz T.
- Subjects
- *
NYCTERIBIIDAE , *ORTHOREOVIRUSES , *ROUSETTUS aegyptiacus , *CHIMERIC proteins - Abstract
We report on the isolation of a novel fusogenic orthoreovirus from bat flies (Eucampsipoda africana) associated with Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) collected in South Africa. Complete sequences of the ten dsRNA genome segments of the virus, tentatively named Mahlapitsi virus (MAHLV), were determined. Phylogenetic analysis places this virus into a distinct clade with Baboon orthoreovirus, Bush viper reovirus and the bat-associated Broome virus. All genome segments of MAHLV contain a 5' terminal sequence (5'-GGUCA) that is unique to all currently described viruses of the genus. The smallest genome segment is bicistronic encoding for a 14 kDa protein similar to p14 membrane fusion protein of Bush viper reovirus and an 18 kDa protein similar to p16 non-structural protein of Baboon orthoreovirus. This is the first report on isolation of an orthoreovirus from an arthropod host associated with bats, and phylogenetic and sequence data suggests that MAHLV constitutes a new species within the Orthoreovirus genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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30. Experimental Inoculation of Egyptian Fruit Bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with Ebola Virus.
- Author
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Paweska, Janusz T., Storm, Nadia, Grobbelaar, Antoinette A., Markotter, Wanda, Kemp, Alan, and van Vuren, Petrus Jansen
- Subjects
ROUSETTUS aegyptiacus ,VACCINATION ,EBOLA virus ,NEGATIVE-strand RNA viruses ,DISEASES - Abstract
Colonized Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus), originating in South Africa, were inoculated subcutaneously with Ebola virus (EBOV). No overt signs of morbidity, mortality, or gross lesions were noted. Bats seroconverted by Day 10-16 post inoculation (p.i.), with the highest mean anti-EBOV IgG level on Day 28 p.i. EBOV RNA was detected in blood from one bat. In 16 other tissues tested, viral RNA distribution was limited and at very low levels. No seroconversion could be demonstrated in any of the control bats up to 28 days after in-contact exposure to subcutaneously-inoculated bats. The control bats were subsequently inoculated intraperitoneally, and intramuscularly with the same dose of EBOV. No mortality, morbidity or gross pathology was observed in these bats. Kinetics of immune response was similar to that in subcutaneously-inoculated bats. Viral RNA was more widely disseminated to multiple tissues and detectable in a higher proportion of individuals, but consistently at very low levels. Irrespective of the route of inoculation, no virus was isolated from tissues which tested positive for EBOV RNA. Viral RNA was not detected in oral, nasal, ocular, vaginal, penile and rectal swabs from any of the experimental groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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31. Comparison of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay–Based Techniques for the Detection of Antibody to Rift Valley Fever Virus in Thermochemically Inactivated Sheep Sera
- Author
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van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, primary and Paweska, Janusz T., additional
- Published
- 2010
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32. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in Rift Valley fever patients are indicative of severe disease.
- Author
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van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, Shalekoff, Sharon, Grobbelaar, Antoinette A., Archer, Brett N., Thomas, Juno, Tiemessen, Caroline T., and Paweska, Janusz T.
- Subjects
- *
CYTOKINES , *RIFT Valley fever , *ABORTION , *ANIMAL diseases , *RUMINANTS , *CHEMOKINES , *INFLAMMATION , *TUMOR necrosis factors - Abstract
Background: Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis affecting domestic and wild ruminants, camels and humans. Outbreaks of RVF are characterized by a sudden onset of abortions and high mortality amongst domestic ruminants. Humans develop disease ranging from a mild flu-like illness to more severe complications including hemorrhagic syndrome, ocular and neurological lesions and death. During the RVF outbreak in South Africa in 2010/11, a total of 278 human cases were laboratory confirmed, including 25 deaths. The role of the host inflammatory response to RVF pathogenesis is not completely understood. Methods: Virus load in serum from human fatal and non-fatal cases was determined by standard tissue culture infective dose 50 (TCID50) titration on Vero cells. Patient serum concentration of chemokines and cytokines involved in inflammatory responses (IL-8, RANTES, CXCL9, MCP-1, IP-10, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF and IL-12p70) was determined using cytometric bead assays and flow cytometry. Results: Fatal cases had a 1-log10 higher TCID50/ml serum concentration of RVF virus (RVFV) than survivors (p < 0.05). There were no significant sequence differences between isolates recovered from fatal and non-fatal cases. Chemokines and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were detected at significantly increased (IL-8, CXCL9, MCP-1, IP-10, IL-10) or decreased (RANTES) levels when comparing fatal cases to infected survivors and uninfected controls, or when comparing combined infected patients to uninfected controls. Conclusions: The results suggest that regulation of the host inflammatory responses plays an important role in the outcome of RVFV infection in humans. Dysregulation of the inflammatory response contributes to a fatal outcome. The cytokines and chemokines identified in this study that correlate with fatal outcomes warrant further investigation as markers for disease severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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- View/download PDF
33. Virological and Serological Findings in Rousettus aegyptiacus Experimentally Inoculated with Vero Cells-Adapted Hogan Strain of Marburg Virus.
- Author
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Paweska, Janusz T., Van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, Masumu, Justin, Leman, Patricia A., Grobbelaar, Antoinette A., Birkhead, Monica, Clift, Sarah, Swanepoel, Robert, Kemp, Alan, and Markotter, Wanda
- Subjects
- *
ROUSETTUS aegyptiacus , *MARBURG virus disease , *VIRUS disease transmission , *IMMUNOGLOBULIN G , *VIREMIA , *BLOODBORNE infections - Abstract
The Egyptian fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus, is currently regarded as a potential reservoir host for Marburg virus (MARV). However, the modes of transmission, the level of viral replication, tissue tropism and viral shedding pattern remains to be described. Captive-bred R. aegyptiacus, including adult males, females and pups were exposed to MARV by different inoculation routes. Blood, tissues, feces and urine from 9 bats inoculated by combination of nasal and oral routes were all negative for the virus and ELISA IgG antibody could not be demonstrated for up to 21 days post inoculation (p.i.). In 21 bats inoculated by a combination of intraperitoneal/subcutaneous route, viremia and the presence of MARV in different tissues was detected on days 2-9 p.i., and IgG antibody on days 9-21 p.i. In 3 bats inoculated subcutaneously, viremia was detected on days 5 and 8 (termination of experiment), with virus isolation from different organs. MARV could not be detected in urine, feces or oral swabs in any of the 3 experimental groups. However, it was detected in tissues which might contribute to horizontal or vertical transmission, e.g. lung, intestines, kidney, bladder, salivary glands, and female reproductive tract. Viremia lasting at least 5 days could also facilitate MARV mechanical transmission by blood sucking arthropods and infections of susceptible vertebrate hosts by direct contact with infected blood. All bats were clinically normal and no gross pathology was identified on post mortem examination. This work confirms the susceptibility of R. aegyptiacus to infection with MARV irrespective of sex and age and contributes to establishing a bat-filovirus experimental model. Further studies are required to uncover the mode of MARV transmission, and to investigate the putative role of R. aegyptiacus as a reservoir host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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34. Anti-Nucleocapsid Protein Immune Responses Counteract Pathogenic Effects of Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection in Mice.
- Author
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Van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, Tiemessen, Caroline T., and Paweska, Janusz T.
- Subjects
- *
NUCLEOCAPSIDS , *IMMUNE response , *PATHOGENIC microorganisms , *RIFT Valley fever , *VIRUS diseases , *LABORATORY mice , *ANTIVIRAL agents , *INTERFERONS - Abstract
The known virulence factor of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), the NSs protein, counteracts the antiviral effects of the type I interferon response. In this study we evaluated the expression of several genes in the liver and spleen involved in innate and adaptive immunity of mice immunized with a RVFV recombinant nucleocapsid protein (recNP) combined with Alhydrogel adjuvant and control animals after challenge with wild type RVFV. Mice immunized with recNP elicited an earlier IFNb response after challenge compared to non-immunized controls. In the acute phase of liver infection in non-immunized mice there was a massive upregulation of type I and II interferon, accompanied by high viral titers, and the up- and downregulation of several genes involved in the activation of B- and T-cells, indicating that both humoral and cellular immunity is modulated during RVFV infection. Various genes involved in pro-inflammatory responses and with proapoptotic effects were strongly upregulated and anti-apoptotic genes were downregulated in liver of non-immunized mice. Expression of many genes involved in B- and T-cell immunity were downregulated in spleen of non-immunized mice but normal in immunized mice. A strong bias towards apoptosis and inflammation in non-immunized mice at an acute stage of liver infection associated with suppression of several genes involved in activation of humoral and cellular immunity in spleen, suggests that RVFV evades the host immune response in more ways than only by inhibition of type I interferon, and that immunopathology of the liver plays a crucial role in RVF disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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35. Is South Africa at risk for Zika virus disease?
- Author
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van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, Weyer, Jacqueline, Kemp, Alan, Dermaux-Msimang, Veerle, McCarthy, Kerrigan, Blumberg, Lucille, and Paweska, Janusz
- Published
- 2016
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36. Serum neutralising antibody response of seronegative horses against lineage 1 and lineage 2 West Nile virus following vaccination with an inactivated lineage 1 West Nile virus vaccine.
- Author
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Pearce, Michael C., Venter, Marietjie, Schouwstra, Tjitske, van Eeden, Charmaine, van Vuren, Petrus Jansen, Paweska, Janusz, Liu, Bo, and du Plessis, Arrie
- Abstract
Lineage 2 West Nile virus (WNV) strains are endemic in South Africa and cause severe neurological disease in horses. An inactivated lineage 1 vaccine, Duvaxyn WNV, protects mice against challenge with a neuroinvasive South African lineage 2 strain of WNV. To evaluate the potential of Duvaxyn WNV to protect horses against lineage 2 strains of WNV, serum neutralising antibody responses of horses against lineage 1 WNV strain NY385/99 and lineage 2 WNV strain SPU93/01, isolated from a human with meningo-encephalitis in South Africa, were compared following vaccination with two doses of Duvaxyn WNV, 28 days apart, and a third dose one year later. Twenty-two seronegative horses were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: 16 to a vaccinated group and six retained as unvaccinated controls. Blood samples were taken from all horses on study days 0, 28, 35, 42, 49, 91, 141, 182, 231, 274, 322, 364 and 413. Primovaccination with Duvaxyn WNV resulted in high titres of serum neutralising antibodies against both strains. Following a single dose of Duvaxyn WNV on day 399, one year after primovaccination, there was a strong anamnestic response with a log25-fold rise in the titres of neutralising antibodies against strains NY385/99 and SPU93/01. These results provide further evidence that Duvaxyn WNV is likely to protect horses against infection with lineage 2 strains of WNV and that a single annual booster may be sufficient to maintain immunity against lineage 2 WNV infection in horses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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- View/download PDF
37. Analysis of Assembly and Budding of Lujo Virus.
- Author
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Urata S, Weyer J, Storm N, Miyazaki Y, van Vuren PJ, Paweska JT, and Yasuda J
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Line, Humans, Lujo virus growth & development, Viral Proteins metabolism, Lujo virus physiology, Virus Assembly, Virus Release
- Abstract
The recently identified arenavirus Lujo virus (LUJV) causes fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans. We analyzed its mechanism of viral release driven by matrix protein Z and the cell surface glycoprotein precursor GPC. The L domains in Z are required for efficient virus-like particle release, but Tsg101, ALIX/AIP1, and Vps4A/B are unnecessary for budding. LUJV GPC is cleaved by site 1 protease (S1P) at the RKLM motif, and treatment with the S1P inhibitor PF-429242 reduced LUJV production., (Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Development of a Rift Valley fever real-time RT-PCR assay that can detect all three genome segments.
- Author
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Wilson WC, Romito M, Jasperson DC, Weingartl H, Binepal YS, Maluleke MR, Wallace DB, van Vuren PJ, and Paweska JT
- Subjects
- Animals, DNA Primers genetics, Genome, Viral genetics, Humans, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction standards, Reference Standards, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction standards, Rift Valley Fever virology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques methods, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Rift Valley Fever diagnosis, Rift Valley Fever veterinary, Rift Valley fever virus isolation & purification
- Abstract
Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever in Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritania, and South Africa had devastating effects on livestock and human health. In addition, this disease is a food security issue for endemic countries. There is growing concern for the potential introduction of RVF into non-endemic countries. A number of single-gene target amplification assays have been developed for the rapid detection of RVF viral RNA. This paper describes the development of an improved amplification assay that includes two confirmatory target RNA segments (L and M) and a third target gene, NSs, which is deleted in the Clone 13 commercial vaccine and other candidate vaccines. The assay also contains an exogenous RNA control added during the PCR setup for detection of amplification inhibitors. The assay was evaluated initially with samples from experimentally infected animals, after which clinical veterinary and human samples from endemic countries were tested for further evaluation. The assay has a sensitivity range of 66.7-100% and a specificity of 92.0-100% depending on the comparison. The assay has an overall sensitivity of 92.5%, specificity of 95% and a positive predictive value of 98.7%. The single-tube assay provides confirmation of the presence of RVFV RNA for improved confidence in diagnostic results and a "differentiate infected from vaccinated animals" (DIVA)--compatible marker for RVFV NSs--deleted vaccines, which is useful for RVF endemic countries, but especially important in non-endemic countries., (Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based techniques for the detection of antibody to Rift Valley fever virus in thermochemically inactivated sheep sera.
- Author
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van Vuren PJ and Paweska JT
- Subjects
- Animals, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods, Hot Temperature, Immunoglobulin G blood, Rift Valley Fever blood, Rift Valley Fever immunology, Sheep, Sheep Diseases virology, Antibodies, Viral blood, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay veterinary, Rift Valley Fever veterinary, Rift Valley fever virus immunology, Sheep Diseases blood
- Abstract
Different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based techniques for the detection of antibodies to Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) have been developed in recent years, but their diagnostic sensitivity was not directly compared. In addition, their use might still be restricted to high biocontainment facilities when sera to be tested are collected from viremic individuals. In this study, we report on direct comparison of various ELISA forms for the detection of anti-RVFV antibody in preinactivated sera using a simple thermochemical treatment. Results in naive and treated sera from experimentally infected sheep demonstrate that inactivation method used had no adverse effect on ELISA readings, but the assays analyzed differ in their ability to detect the early humoral responses to infection with RVFV. The IgM-capture ELISA was slightly more sensitive than the IgG-sandwich ELISA to detect early humoral response after infection. The indirect IgG ELISA, using Protein G Horseradish Peroxidase, was less sensitive in detecting seroconversion than the IgG-sandwich ELISA, but this problem was alleviated when using anti-sheep IgG conjugated with Horseradish Peroxidase. The high concentration of viral antigen in sheep sera collected shortly after infection might contribute to false-positive results in the inhibition ELISA, but its ability to detect seroconversion was comparable to that of IgM-capture ELISA.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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