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341 results on '"van Tol, M-J"'

1. Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder Working Group

Author

Schmaal, L, Hibar, DP, Sämann, PG, Hall, GB, Baune, BT, Jahanshad, N, Cheung, JW, van Erp, TGM, Bos, D, Ikram, MA, Vernooij, MW, Niessen, WJ, Tiemeier, H, Hofman, A, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Janowitz, D, Bülow, R, Selonke, M, Völzke, H, Grotegerd, D, Dannlowski, U, Arolt, V, Opel, N, Heindel, W, Kugel, H, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Rentería, ME, Strike, LT, Wright, MJ, Mills, NT, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Martin, NG, Gillespie, NA, Goya-Maldonado, R, Gruber, O, Krämer, B, Hatton, SN, Lagopoulos, J, Hickie, IB, Frodl, T, Carballedo, A, Frey, EM, van Velzen, LS, Penninx, BWJH, van Tol, M-J, van der Wee, NJ, Davey, CG, Harrison, BJ, Mwangi, B, Cao, B, Soares, JC, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schoepf, D, Zurowski, B, Konrad, C, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schnell, K, Sacchet, MD, Gotlib, IH, MacQueen, GM, Godlewska, BR, Nickson, T, McIntosh, AM, Papmeyer, M, Whalley, HC, Hall, J, Sussmann, JE, Li, M, Walter, M, Aftanas, L, Brack, I, Bokhan, NA, Thompson, PM, and Veltman, DJ

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Major Depressive Disorder, Serious Mental Illness, Neurosciences, Biomedical Imaging, Depression, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Mental Health, Brain Disorders, Clinical Research, Pediatric, Behavioral and Social Science, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Neurological, Mental health, Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Cerebral Cortex, Depressive Disorder, Major, Female, Frontal Lobe, Gray Matter, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuroimaging, Prefrontal Cortex, Temporal Lobe, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

The neuro-anatomical substrates of major depressive disorder (MDD) are still not well understood, despite many neuroimaging studies over the past few decades. Here we present the largest ever worldwide study by the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Major Depressive Disorder Working Group on cortical structural alterations in MDD. Structural T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 2148 MDD patients and 7957 healthy controls were analysed with harmonized protocols at 20 sites around the world. To detect consistent effects of MDD and its modulators on cortical thickness and surface area estimates derived from MRI, statistical effects from sites were meta-analysed separately for adults and adolescents. Adults with MDD had thinner cortical gray matter than controls in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior and posterior cingulate, insula and temporal lobes (Cohen's d effect sizes: -0.10 to -0.14). These effects were most pronounced in first episode and adult-onset patients (>21 years). Compared to matched controls, adolescents with MDD had lower total surface area (but no differences in cortical thickness) and regional reductions in frontal regions (medial OFC and superior frontal gyrus) and primary and higher-order visual, somatosensory and motor areas (d: -0.26 to -0.57). The strongest effects were found in recurrent adolescent patients. This highly powered global effort to identify consistent brain abnormalities showed widespread cortical alterations in MDD patients as compared to controls and suggests that MDD may impact brain structure in a highly dynamic way, with different patterns of alterations at different stages of life.

Published
2017

2. Response to Dr Fried & Dr Kievit, and Dr Malhi et al.

Author

Schmaal, L, Veltman, DJ, van Erp, TGM, Sämann, PG, Frodl, T, Jahanshad, N, Loehrer, E, Vernooij, MW, Niessen, WJ, Ikram, MA, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, HJ, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Lagopoulos, J, Hatton, SN, Hickie, IB, Goya-Maldonado, R, Krämer, B, Gruber, O, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Rentería, ME, Strike, LT, Wright, MJ, de Zubicaray, GI, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Gillespie, NA, Hall, GB, van Velzen, LS, van Tol, M-J, van der Wee, NJ, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schoepf, D, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, McIntosh, AM, Whalley, HC, Sussmann, JE, Godlewska, BR, Fischer, FH, Penninx, BWJH, Thompson, PM, and Hibar, DP

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Psychology, Clinical and Health Psychology, Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology, Clinical and health psychology
Published
2016

3. Humorale immuniteit

Author

van Tol, M. J. D., Rijkers, G.T., editor, Kroese, F.G.M., editor, Kallenberg, C.G.M., editor, and Derksen, R.H.W.M., editor

Published
2016
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4. Stemming gestut

Author

van Tol, M.-J and van Tol, M.-J

Abstract

Stel je voor: je somber voelen, nergens plezier in hebben. Weken- of maandenlang niet kunnen werken of studeren. Dit is wat mensen met een depressie ervaren, een stoornis die 20% van de populatie minstens één keer in hun leven treft. Depressie is bovendien een stoornis die ook na herstel nog veel invloed kan hebben op het leven van mensen. Marie-José van Tol vertelt in haar oratie wat gevolgen zijn, en waarom onderzoek naar het ontstaan en herstellen van depressie zo belangrijk is. Blijvende kwetsbaarheid Wie herstelt van een depressie heeft daarna vaak nog last van mentale problemen. Zo kunnen ze zich vaak niet goed concentreren en hebben ze soms moeite met het beheersen van hun emoties. Dit maakt ze vatbaar voor een nieuwe depressieve episode. Maar hoe deze mentale klachten het risico op depressie vergroten en hoe we mentale functies kunnen verbeteren zodat mensen minder vatbaar zijn voor een nieuwe depressie zijn onduidelijk. Brein stimuleren Om hier meer zicht op te krijgen, bestudeert Van Tol hoe psychologische technieken het brein stimuleren meer optimaal te functioneren zodat dat depressies minder snel terugkeren en mensen een volwaardiger leven kunnen leiden. Dat is niet alleen belangrijk voor mensen met een depressie, beargumenteert zij, maar voor allerlei aandoeningen waar de stemming en mentale controle getroffen worden. Het stutten van het huis Van Tol stelt de stemming voor als een huis, dat door verschillende factoren stevig of juist wankel kan zijn. Wanneer het huis beschadigd raakt door een storm , bijvoorbeeld gevormd door aanhoudende stress of het verlies van werk, hoop of gezondheid, kan depressie binnentreden. Wanneer de storm is gaan liggen en de depressie vertrokken is, blijft het huis kwetsbaar en kan met een stevige bries de depressie terugkeren. Van Tols leeropdracht is onderzoeken hoe het huis, en dus de stemming, zó gestut kan worden dat een stevige wind of kleine schok misschien het huis wat doen bew

Published
2023

6. Common and distinct patterns of grey-matter volume alteration in major depression and bipolar disorder: evidence from voxel-based meta-analysis

Author

Wise, T, Radua, J, Via, E, Cardoner, N, Abe, O, Adams, T M, Amico, F, Cheng, Y, Cole, J H, de Azevedo Marques Périco, C, Dickstein, D P, Farrow, T FD, Frodl, T, Wagner, G, Gotlib, I H, Gruber, O, Ham, B J, Job, D E, Kempton, M J, Kim, M J, Koolschijn, P CMP, Malhi, G S, Mataix-Cols, D, McIntosh, A M, Nugent, A C, OʼBrien, J T, Pezzoli, S, Phillips, M L, Sachdev, P S, Salvadore, G, Selvaraj, S, Stanfield, A C, Thomas, A J, van Tol, M J, van der Wee, N JA, Veltman, D J, Young, A H, Fu, C H, Cleare, A J, and Arnone, D

Published
2017
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7. The association between clinical and biological characteristics of depression and structural brain alterations

Author

Toenders, YJ, Schmaal, L, Nawijn, L, Han, LKM, Binnewies, J, van der Wee, NJA, van Tol, M-J, Veltman, DJ, Milaneschi, Y, Lamers, F, Penninx, BWJH, Toenders, YJ, Schmaal, L, Nawijn, L, Han, LKM, Binnewies, J, van der Wee, NJA, van Tol, M-J, Veltman, DJ, Milaneschi, Y, Lamers, F, and Penninx, BWJH

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Structural brain alterations are observed in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, MDD is a highly heterogeneous disorder and specific clinical or biological characteristics of depression might relate to specific structural brain alterations. Clinical symptom subtypes of depression, as well as immuno-metabolic dysregulation associated with subtypes of depression, have been associated with brain alterations. Therefore, we examined if specific clinical and biological characteristics of depression show different brain alterations compared to overall depression. METHOD: Individuals with and without depressive and/or anxiety disorders from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) (328 participants from three timepoints leading to 541 observations) and the Mood Treatment with Antidepressants or Running (MOTAR) study (123 baseline participants) were included. Symptom profiles (atypical energy-related profile, melancholic profile and depression severity) and biological indices (inflammatory, metabolic syndrome, and immuno-metabolic indices) were created. The associations of the clinical and biological profiles with depression-related structural brain measures (anterior cingulate cortex [ACC], orbitofrontal cortex, insula, and nucleus accumbens) were examined dimensionally in both studies and meta-analysed. RESULTS: Depression severity was negatively associated with rostral ACC thickness (B = -0.55, pFDR = 0.03), and melancholic symptoms were negatively associated with caudal ACC thickness (B = -0.42, pFDR = 0.03). The atypical energy-related symptom profile and immuno-metabolic indices did not show a consistent association with structural brain measures across studies. CONCLUSION: Overall depression- and melancholic symptom severity showed a dose-response relationship with reduced ACC thickness. No associations between immuno-metabolic dysregulation and structural brain alterations were found, suggesting that although both are associated with

Published
2022

8. Subcortical brain alterations in major depressive disorder: findings from the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder working group

Author

Schmaal, L, Veltman, D J, van Erp, T GM, Sämann, P G, Frodl, T, Jahanshad, N, Loehrer, E, Tiemeier, H, Hofman, A, Niessen, W J, Vernooij, M W, Ikram, M A, Wittfeld, K, Grabe, H J, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Völzke, H, Hoehn, D, Czisch, M, Lagopoulos, J, Hatton, S N, Hickie, I B, Goya-Maldonado, R, Krämer, B, Gruber, O, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Rentería, M E, Strike, L T, Mills, N T, de Zubicaray, G I, McMahon, K L, Medland, S E, Martin, N G, Gillespie, N A, Wright, M J, Hall, G B, MacQueen, G M, Frey, E M, Carballedo, A, van Velzen, L S, van Tol, M J, van der Wee, N J, Veer, I M, Walter, H, Schnell, K, Schramm, E, Normann, C, Schoepf, D, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, Nickson, T, McIntosh, A M, Papmeyer, M, Whalley, H C, Sussmann, J E, Godlewska, B R, Cowen, P J, Fischer, F H, Rose, M, Penninx, B WJH, Thompson, P M, and Hibar, D P

Published
2016
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12. Contributing factors to advanced brain aging in depression and anxiety disorders

Author

Han, LKM, Schnack, HG, Brouwer, RM, Veltman, DJ, van der Wee, NJA, van Tol, M-J, Aghajani, M, Penninx, BWJH, Han, LKM, Schnack, HG, Brouwer, RM, Veltman, DJ, van der Wee, NJA, van Tol, M-J, Aghajani, M, and Penninx, BWJH

Abstract

Depression and anxiety are common and often comorbid mental health disorders that represent risk factors for aging-related conditions. Brain aging has shown to be more advanced in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we extend prior work by investigating multivariate brain aging in patients with MDD, anxiety disorders, or both, and examine which factors contribute to older-appearing brains. Adults aged 18-57 years from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety underwent structural MRI. A pretrained brain-age prediction model based on >2000 samples from the ENIGMA consortium was applied to obtain brain-predicted age differences (brain PAD, predicted brain age minus chronological age) in 65 controls and 220 patients with current MDD and/or anxiety. Brain-PAD estimates were associated with clinical, somatic, lifestyle, and biological factors. After correcting for antidepressant use, brain PAD was significantly higher in MDD (+2.78 years, Cohen's d = 0.25, 95% CI -0.10-0.60) and anxiety patients (+2.91 years, Cohen's d = 0.27, 95% CI -0.08-0.61), compared with controls. There were no significant associations with lifestyle or biological stress systems. A multivariable model indicated unique contributions of higher severity of somatic depression symptoms (b = 4.21 years per unit increase on average sum score) and antidepressant use (-2.53 years) to brain PAD. Advanced brain aging in patients with MDD and anxiety was most strongly associated with somatic depressive symptomatology. We also present clinically relevant evidence for a potential neuroprotective antidepressant effect on the brain-PAD metric that requires follow-up in future research.

Published
2021

13. Brain aging in major depressive disorder: results from the ENIGMA major depressive disorder working group.

Author

Han, LKM, Dinga, R, Hahn, T, Ching, CRK, Eyler, LT, Aftanas, L, Aghajani, M, Aleman, A, Baune, BT, Berger, K, Brak, I, Filho, GB, Carballedo, A, Connolly, CG, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Cullen, KR, Dannlowski, U, Davey, CG, Dima, D, Duran, FLS, Enneking, V, Filimonova, E, Frenzel, S, Frodl, T, Fu, CHY, Godlewska, BR, Gotlib, IH, Grabe, HJ, Groenewold, NA, Grotegerd, D, Gruber, O, Hall, GB, Harrison, BJ, Hatton, SN, Hermesdorf, M, Hickie, IB, Ho, TC, Hosten, N, Jansen, A, Kähler, C, Kircher, T, Klimes-Dougan, B, Krämer, B, Krug, A, Lagopoulos, J, Leenings, R, MacMaster, FP, MacQueen, G, McIntosh, A, McLellan, Q, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Mueller, BA, Mwangi, B, Osipov, E, Portella, MJ, Pozzi, E, Reneman, L, Repple, J, Rosa, PGP, Sacchet, MD, Sämann, PG, Schnell, K, Schrantee, A, Simulionyte, E, Soares, JC, Sommer, J, Stein, DJ, Steinsträter, O, Strike, LT, Thomopoulos, SI, van Tol, M-J, Veer, IM, Vermeiren, RRJM, Walter, H, van der Wee, NJA, van der Werff, SJA, Whalley, H, Winter, NR, Wittfeld, K, Wright, MJ, Wu, M-J, Völzke, H, Yang, TT, Zannias, V, de Zubicaray, GI, Zunta-Soares, GB, Abé, C, Alda, M, Andreassen, OA, Bøen, E, Bonnin, CM, Canales-Rodriguez, EJ, Cannon, D, Caseras, X, Chaim-Avancini, TM, Elvsåshagen, T, Favre, P, Foley, SF, Fullerton, JM, Goikolea, JM, Haarman, BCM, Hajek, T, Henry, C, Houenou, J, Howells, FM, Ingvar, M, Kuplicki, R, Lafer, B, Landén, M, Machado-Vieira, R, Malt, UF, McDonald, C, Mitchell, PB, Nabulsi, L, Otaduy, MCG, Overs, BJ, Polosan, M, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Radua, J, Rive, MM, Roberts, G, Ruhe, HG, Salvador, R, Sarró, S, Satterthwaite, TD, Savitz, J, Schene, AH, Schofield, PR, Serpa, MH, Sim, K, Soeiro-de-Souza, MG, Sutherland, AN, Temmingh, HS, Timmons, GM, Uhlmann, A, Vieta, E, Wolf, DH, Zanetti, MV, Jahanshad, N, Thompson, PM, Veltman, DJ, Penninx, BWJH, Marquand, AF, Cole, JH, Schmaal, L, Han, LKM, Dinga, R, Hahn, T, Ching, CRK, Eyler, LT, Aftanas, L, Aghajani, M, Aleman, A, Baune, BT, Berger, K, Brak, I, Filho, GB, Carballedo, A, Connolly, CG, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Cullen, KR, Dannlowski, U, Davey, CG, Dima, D, Duran, FLS, Enneking, V, Filimonova, E, Frenzel, S, Frodl, T, Fu, CHY, Godlewska, BR, Gotlib, IH, Grabe, HJ, Groenewold, NA, Grotegerd, D, Gruber, O, Hall, GB, Harrison, BJ, Hatton, SN, Hermesdorf, M, Hickie, IB, Ho, TC, Hosten, N, Jansen, A, Kähler, C, Kircher, T, Klimes-Dougan, B, Krämer, B, Krug, A, Lagopoulos, J, Leenings, R, MacMaster, FP, MacQueen, G, McIntosh, A, McLellan, Q, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Mueller, BA, Mwangi, B, Osipov, E, Portella, MJ, Pozzi, E, Reneman, L, Repple, J, Rosa, PGP, Sacchet, MD, Sämann, PG, Schnell, K, Schrantee, A, Simulionyte, E, Soares, JC, Sommer, J, Stein, DJ, Steinsträter, O, Strike, LT, Thomopoulos, SI, van Tol, M-J, Veer, IM, Vermeiren, RRJM, Walter, H, van der Wee, NJA, van der Werff, SJA, Whalley, H, Winter, NR, Wittfeld, K, Wright, MJ, Wu, M-J, Völzke, H, Yang, TT, Zannias, V, de Zubicaray, GI, Zunta-Soares, GB, Abé, C, Alda, M, Andreassen, OA, Bøen, E, Bonnin, CM, Canales-Rodriguez, EJ, Cannon, D, Caseras, X, Chaim-Avancini, TM, Elvsåshagen, T, Favre, P, Foley, SF, Fullerton, JM, Goikolea, JM, Haarman, BCM, Hajek, T, Henry, C, Houenou, J, Howells, FM, Ingvar, M, Kuplicki, R, Lafer, B, Landén, M, Machado-Vieira, R, Malt, UF, McDonald, C, Mitchell, PB, Nabulsi, L, Otaduy, MCG, Overs, BJ, Polosan, M, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Radua, J, Rive, MM, Roberts, G, Ruhe, HG, Salvador, R, Sarró, S, Satterthwaite, TD, Savitz, J, Schene, AH, Schofield, PR, Serpa, MH, Sim, K, Soeiro-de-Souza, MG, Sutherland, AN, Temmingh, HS, Timmons, GM, Uhlmann, A, Vieta, E, Wolf, DH, Zanetti, MV, Jahanshad, N, Thompson, PM, Veltman, DJ, Penninx, BWJH, Marquand, AF, Cole, JH, and Schmaal, L

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased risk of brain atrophy, aging-related diseases, and mortality. We examined potential advanced brain aging in adult MDD patients, and whether this process is associated with clinical characteristics in a large multicenter international dataset. We performed a mega-analysis by pooling brain measures derived from T1-weighted MRI scans from 19 samples worldwide. Healthy brain aging was estimated by predicting chronological age (18-75 years) from 7 subcortical volumes, 34 cortical thickness and 34 surface area, lateral ventricles and total intracranial volume measures separately in 952 male and 1236 female controls from the ENIGMA MDD working group. The learned model coefficients were applied to 927 male controls and 986 depressed males, and 1199 female controls and 1689 depressed females to obtain independent unbiased brain-based age predictions. The difference between predicted "brain age" and chronological age was calculated to indicate brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD). On average, MDD patients showed a higher brain-PAD of +1.08 (SE 0.22) years (Cohen's d = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.08-0.20) compared with controls. However, this difference did not seem to be driven by specific clinical characteristics (recurrent status, remission status, antidepressant medication use, age of onset, or symptom severity). This highly powered collaborative effort showed subtle patterns of age-related structural brain abnormalities in MDD. Substantial within-group variance and overlap between groups were observed. Longitudinal studies of MDD and somatic health outcomes are needed to further assess the clinical value of these brain-PAD estimates.

Published
2021

14. Brain aging in major depressive disorder

Author

Han, L., primary, Schnack, H., additional, Brouwer, R., additional, Veltman, D., additional, Van Der Wee, N., additional, Van Tol, M.-J., additional, Aghajani, M., additional, and Penninx, B., additional

Published
2021
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24. Anticarbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies are present in sera of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients

Author

Muller, P C E Hissink, Anink, J, Shi, J, Levarht, E W N, Reinards, T H C M, Otten, M H, van Tol, M J D, Jol-van der Zijde, C M, Brinkman, D M C, Allaart, C F, Hoppenreijs, E P, Koopman-Keemink, Y, Kamphuis, S S M, Dolman, K, van den Berg, J M, van Rossum, M A J, van Suijlekom-Smit, L W A, Schilham, M W, Huizinga, T W J, Toes, R E M, ten Cate, R, and Trouw, L A

Published
2013
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26. ENIGMA-anxiety working group: Rationale for and organization of large-scale neuroimaging studies of anxiety disorders

Author

Bas-Hoogendam, J. M., Groenewold, N. A., Aghajani, M., Freitag, G. F., Harrewijn, A., Hilbert, K., Jahanshad, N., Thomopoulos, S. I., Thompson, P. M., Veltman, D. J., Winkler, A. M., Lueken, U., Pine, D. S., van der Wee, N. J. A., Stein, D. J., Agosta, F., Ahs, F., An, I., Alberton, B. A. V., Andreescu, C., Asami, T., Assaf, M., Avery, S. N., Nicholas, L., Balderston, Barber, J. P., Battaglia, M., Bayram, A., Beesdo-Baum, K., Benedetti, F., Berta, R., Bjorkstrand, J., Blackford, J. U., Blair, J. R., Karina, S., Blair, Boehme, S., Brambilla, P., Burkhouse, K., Cano, M., Canu, E., Cardinale, E. M., Cardoner, N., Clauss, J. A., Cividini, C., Critchley, H. D., Udo, Dannlowski, Deckert, J., Demiralp, T., Diefenbach, G. J., Domschke, K., Doruyter, A., Dresler, T., Erhardt, A., Fallgatter, A. J., Fananas, L., Brandee, Feola, Filippi, C. A., Filippi, M., Fonzo, G. A., Forbes, E. E., Fox, N. A., Fredrikson, M., Furmark, T., Ge, T., Gerber, A. J., Gosnell, S. N., Grabe, H. J., Grotegerd, D., Gur, R. E., Gur, R. C., Harmer, C. J., Harper, J., Heeren, A., Hettema, J., Hofmann, D., Hofmann, S. G., Jackowski, A. P., Andreas, Jansen, Kaczkurkin, A. N., Kingsley, E., Kircher, T., Kosti c, M., Kreifelts, B., Krug, A., Larsen, B., Lee, S. -H., Leehr, E. J., Leibenluft, E., Lochner, C., Maggioni, E., Makovac, E., Mancini, M., Manfro, G. G., Mansson, K. N. T., Meeten, F., Michalowski, J., Milrod, B. L., Muhlberger, A., Lilianne, R., Mujica-Parodi, Munjiza, A., Mwangi, B., Myers, M., Igor Nenadi, C., Neufang, S., Nielsen, J. A., Oh, H., Ottaviani, C., Pan, P. M., Pantazatos, S. P., Martin, P., Paulus, Perez-Edgar, K., Penate, W., Perino, M. T., Peterburs, J., Pfleiderer, B., Phan, K. L., Poletti, S., Porta-Casteras, D., Price, R. B., Pujol, J., Andrea, Reinecke, Rivero, F., Roelofs, K., Rosso, I., Saemann, P., Salas, R., Salum, G. A., Satterthwaite, T. D., Schneier, F., Schruers, K. R. J., Schulz, S. M., Schwarzmeier, H., Seeger, F. R., Smoller, J. W., Soares, J. C., Stark, R., Stein, M. B., Straube, B., Straube, T., Strawn, J. R., Suarez-Jimenez, B., Boris, Suchan, Sylvester, C. M., Talati, A., Tamburo, E., Tukel, R., van den Heuvel, O. A., Van der Auwera, S., van Nieuwenhuizen, H., van Tol, M. -J., van Velzen, L. S., Bort, C. V., Vermeiren, R. R. J. M., Visser, R. M., Volman, I., Wannemuller, A., Wendt, J., Werwath, K. E., Westenberg, P. M., Wiemer, J., Katharina, Wittfeld, M. -J., Wu, Yang, Y., Zilverstand, A., Zugman, A., Zwiebel, H. L., Bas-Hoogendam, J. M., Groenewold, N. A., Aghajani, M., Freitag, G. F., Harrewijn, A., Hilbert, K., Jahanshad, N., Thomopoulos, S. I., Thompson, P. M., Veltman, D. J., Winkler, A. M., Lueken, U., Pine, D. S., van der Wee, N. J. A., Stein, D. J., ENIGMA-anxiety working, Group, Filippi, M, and UCL - SSH/IPSY - Psychological Sciences Research Institute

Subjects
Córtex pré-frontal, Review Article, Anxiety, Prefrontal cortex, Specific phobia, 0302 clinical medicine, limbic system, magnetic resonance imaging, Multicenter Studies as Topic, genetics, Review Articles, prefrontal cortex, neuroimaging, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, 05 social sciences, Social anxiety, amygdala, Amygdala, Anxiety Disorders, Transtornos de ansiedade, Neurology, multicentric network, Anatomy, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Neurovetenskaper, Clinical psychology, endocrine system, Generalized anxiety disorder, brain, Neuroimaging, Sistema límbico, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Global mental health, Limbic system, Magnetic resonance imaging, Imatges per ressonància magnètica, medicine, Genetics, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Neuroimagem, Psykologi (exklusive tillämpad psykologi), Panic disorder, neurosciences, Imageamento por ressonância magnética, Tonsila do cerebelo, medicine.disease, anxiety disorders, Genética, Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology), Ansietat, Neurology (clinical), Working group, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Anxiety disorders
Abstract

Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and disabling but seem particularly tractable to investigation with translational neuroscience methodologies. Neuroimaging has informed our understanding of the neurobiology of anxiety disorders, but research has been limited by small sample sizes and low statistical power, as well as heterogenous imaging methodology. The ENIGMA‐Anxiety Working Group has brought together researchers from around the world, in a harmonized and coordinated effort to address these challenges and generate more robust and reproducible findings. This paper elaborates on the concepts and methods informing the work of the working group to date, and describes the initial approach of the four subgroups studying generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia. At present, the ENIGMA‐Anxiety database contains information about more than 100 unique samples, from 16 countries and 59 institutes. Future directions include examining additional imaging modalities, integrating imaging and genetic data, and collaborating with other ENIGMA working groups. The ENIGMA consortium creates synergy at the intersection of global mental health and clinical neuroscience, and the ENIGMA‐Anxiety Working Group extends the promise of this approach to neuroimaging research on anxiety disorders., Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and disabling but seem particularly tractable to investigation with translational neuroscience methodologies. Neuroimaging has informed our understanding of the neurobiology of anxiety disorders, but research has been limited by small sample sizes and low statistical power, as well as heterogenous imaging methodology. The ENIGMA‐Anxiety Working Group has brought together researchers from around the world, in a harmonized and coordinated effort to address these challenges and generate more robust and reproducible findings. The ENIGMA consortium creates synergy at the intersection of global mental health and clinical neuroscience, and the ENIGMA‐Anxiety Working Group extends the promise of this approach to neuroimaging research on anxiety disorders.

Published
2020

27. The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

Author

Grasby, K.L., Jahanshad, N., Painter, J.N., Colodro-Conde, L., Bralten, J., Hibar, D.P., Lind, P.A., Pizzagalli, F., Ching, C.R.K., McMahon, M.A.B., Shatokhina, N., Zsembik, L.C.P., Thomopoulos, S.I., Zhu, A.H., Strike, L.T., Agartz, I., Alhusaini, S., Almeida, M.A.A., Alnæs, D., Amlien, I.K., Andersson, M., Ard, T., Armstrong, N.J., Ashley-Koch, A., Atkins, J.R., Bernard, M., Brouwer, R.M., Buimer, E.E.L., Bülow, R., Bürger, C., Cannon, D.M., Chakravarty, M.M., Chen, Q., Cheung, J.W., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Dale, A.M., Dalvie, S., de Araujo, T.K., de Zubicaray, G.I., de Zwarte, S.M.C., den Braber, A., Doan, N.T., Dohm, K., Ehrlich, S., Engelbrecht, H-R, Erk, S., Fan, C.C., Fedko, I.O., Foley, S.F., Ford, J.M., Fukunaga, M., Garrett, M.E., Ge, T., Giddaluru, S., Goldman, A.L., Green, M.J., Groenewold, N.A., Grotegerd, D., Gurholt, T.P., Gutman, B.A., Hansell, N.K., Harris, M.A., Harrison, M.B., Haswell, C.C., Hauser, M., Herms, S., Heslenfeld, D.J., Ho, N.F., Hoehn, D., Hoffmann, P., Holleran, L., Hoogman, M., Hottenga, J-J, Ikeda, M., Janowitz, D., Jansen, I.E., Jia, T., Jockwitz, C., Kanai, R., Karama, S., Kasperaviciute, D., Kaufmann, T., Kelly, S., Kikuchi, M., Klein, M., Knapp, M., Knodt, A.R., Krämer, B., Lam, M., Lancaster, T.M., Lee, P.H., Lett, T.A., Lewis, L.B., Lopes-Cendes, I., Luciano, M., Macciardi, F., Marquand, A.F., Mathias, S.R., Melzer, T.R., Milaneschi, Y., Mirza-Schreiber, N., Moreira, J.C.V., Mühleisen, T.W., Müller-Myhsok, B., Najt, P., Nakahara, S., Nho, K., Olde Loohuis, L.M., Orfanos, D.P., Pearson, J.F., Pitcher, T.L., Pütz, B., Quidé, Y., Ragothaman, A., Rashid, F.M., Reay, W.R., Redlich, R., Reinbold, C.S., Repple, J., Richard, G., Riedel, B.C., Risacher, S.L., Rocha, C.S., Mota, N.R., Salminen, L., Saremi, A., Saykin, A.J., Schlag, F., Schmaal, L., Schofield, P.R., Secolin, R., Shapland, C.Y., Shen, L., Shin, J., Shumskaya, E., Sønderby, I.E., Sprooten, E., Tansey, K.E., Teumer, A., Thalamuthu, A., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Turner, J.A., Uhlmann, A., Vallerga, C.L., van der Meer, D., van Donkelaar, M.M.J., van Eijk, L., Van Erp, T.G.M., van Haren, N.E.M., Van Rooij, D., van Tol, M-J, Veldink, J.H., Verhoef, E., Walton, E., Wang, M., Wang, Y., Wardlaw, J.M., Wen, W., Westlye, L.T., Whelan, C.D., Witt, S.H., Wittfeld, K., Wolf, C., Wolfers, T., Wu, J.Q., Yasuda, C.L., Zaremba, D., Zhang, Z., Zwiers, M.P., Artiges, E., Assareh, A.A., Ayesa-Arriola, R., Belger, A., Brandt, C.L., Brown, G.G., Cichon, S., Curran, J.E., Davies, G.E., Degenhardt, F., Dennis, M.F., Dietsche, B., Djurovic, S., Doherty, C.P., Espiritu, R., Garijo, D., Gil, Y., Gowland, P.A., Green, R.C., Häusler, A.N., Heindel, W., Ho, B-C., Hoffmann, W.U., Holsboer, F., Homuth, G., Hosten, N., Jack, C.R., Jang, M., Jansen, A., Kimbrel, N.A., Kolskår, K., Koops, S., Krug, A., Lim, K.O., Luykx, J.J., Mathalon, D.H., Mather, K.A., Mattay, V.S., Matthews, S., Mayoral Van Son, J., McEwen, S.C., Melle, I., Morris, D.W., Mueller, B.A., Nauck, M., Nordvik, J.E., Nöthen, M.M., O’Leary, D.S., Opel, N., Martinot, M-L.P., Pike, G.B., Preda, A., Quinlan, E.B., Rasser, P.E., Ratnakar, V., Reppermund, S., Steen, V.M., Tooney, P.A., Torres, F.R., Veltman, D.J., Voyvodic, J.T., Whelan, R., White, T., Yamamori, H., Adams, H.H.H., Bis, J.C., Debette, S., DeCarli, C., Fornage, M., Gudnason, V., Hofer, E., Ikram, M.A., Launer, L., Longstreth, W.T., Lopez, O.L., Mazoyer, B., Mosley, T.H., Roshchupkin, G.V., Satizabal, C.L., Schmidt, R., Seshadri, S., Yang, Q., Alvim, M.K.M., Ames, D., Anderson, T.J., Andreassen, O.A., Arias-Vasquez, A., Bastin, M.E., Baune, B.T., Beckham, J.C., Blangero, J., Boomsma, D.I., Brodaty, H., Brunner, H.G., Buckner, R.L., Buitelaar, J.K., Bustillo, J.R., Cahn, W., Cairns, M.J., Calhoun, V., Carr, V.J., Caseras, X., Caspers, S., Cavalleri, G.L., Cendes, F., Corvin, A., Crespo-Facorro, B., Dalrymple-Alford, J.C., Dannlowski, U., de Geus, E.J.C., Deary, I.J., Delanty, N., Depondt, C., Desrivières, S., Donohoe, G., Espeseth, T., Fernández, G., Fisher, S.E., Flor, H., Forstner, A.J., Francks, C., Franke, B., Glahn, D.C., Gollub, R.L., Grabe, H.J., Gruber, O., Håberg, A.K., Hariri, A.R., Hartman, C.A., Hashimoto, R., Heinz, A., Henskens, F.A., Hillegers, M.H.J., Hoekstra, P.J., Holmes, A.J., Hong, L.E., Hopkins, W.D., Hulshoff Pol, H.E., Jernigan, T.L., Jönsson, E.G., Kahn, R.S., Kennedy, M.A., Kircher, T.T.J., Kochunov, P., Kwok, J.B.J., Le Hellard, S., Loughland, C.M., Martin, N.G., Martinot, J-L, McDonald, C., McMahon, K.L., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Michie, P.T., Morey, R.A., Mowry, B., Nyberg, L., Oosterlaan, J., Ophoff, R.A., Pantelis, C., Paus, T., Pausova, Z., Penninx, B.W.J.H., Polderman, T.J.C., Posthuma, D., Rietschel, M., Roffman, J.L., Rowland, L.M., Sachdev, P.S., Sämann, P.G., Schall, U., Schumann, G., Scott, R.J., Sim, K., Sisodiya, S.M., Smoller, J.W., Sommer, I.E., St Pourcain, B., Stein, D.J., Toga, A.W., Trollor, J.N., van der Wee, N.J.A., van ’t Ent, D., Völzke, H., Walter, H., Weber, B., Weinberger, D.R., Wright, M.J., Zhou, J., Stein, J.L., Thompson, P.M., Medland, S.E., Grasby, K.L., Jahanshad, N., Painter, J.N., Colodro-Conde, L., Bralten, J., Hibar, D.P., Lind, P.A., Pizzagalli, F., Ching, C.R.K., McMahon, M.A.B., Shatokhina, N., Zsembik, L.C.P., Thomopoulos, S.I., Zhu, A.H., Strike, L.T., Agartz, I., Alhusaini, S., Almeida, M.A.A., Alnæs, D., Amlien, I.K., Andersson, M., Ard, T., Armstrong, N.J., Ashley-Koch, A., Atkins, J.R., Bernard, M., Brouwer, R.M., Buimer, E.E.L., Bülow, R., Bürger, C., Cannon, D.M., Chakravarty, M.M., Chen, Q., Cheung, J.W., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Dale, A.M., Dalvie, S., de Araujo, T.K., de Zubicaray, G.I., de Zwarte, S.M.C., den Braber, A., Doan, N.T., Dohm, K., Ehrlich, S., Engelbrecht, H-R, Erk, S., Fan, C.C., Fedko, I.O., Foley, S.F., Ford, J.M., Fukunaga, M., Garrett, M.E., Ge, T., Giddaluru, S., Goldman, A.L., Green, M.J., Groenewold, N.A., Grotegerd, D., Gurholt, T.P., Gutman, B.A., Hansell, N.K., Harris, M.A., Harrison, M.B., Haswell, C.C., Hauser, M., Herms, S., Heslenfeld, D.J., Ho, N.F., Hoehn, D., Hoffmann, P., Holleran, L., Hoogman, M., Hottenga, J-J, Ikeda, M., Janowitz, D., Jansen, I.E., Jia, T., Jockwitz, C., Kanai, R., Karama, S., Kasperaviciute, D., Kaufmann, T., Kelly, S., Kikuchi, M., Klein, M., Knapp, M., Knodt, A.R., Krämer, B., Lam, M., Lancaster, T.M., Lee, P.H., Lett, T.A., Lewis, L.B., Lopes-Cendes, I., Luciano, M., Macciardi, F., Marquand, A.F., Mathias, S.R., Melzer, T.R., Milaneschi, Y., Mirza-Schreiber, N., Moreira, J.C.V., Mühleisen, T.W., Müller-Myhsok, B., Najt, P., Nakahara, S., Nho, K., Olde Loohuis, L.M., Orfanos, D.P., Pearson, J.F., Pitcher, T.L., Pütz, B., Quidé, Y., Ragothaman, A., Rashid, F.M., Reay, W.R., Redlich, R., Reinbold, C.S., Repple, J., Richard, G., Riedel, B.C., Risacher, S.L., Rocha, C.S., Mota, N.R., Salminen, L., Saremi, A., Saykin, A.J., Schlag, F., Schmaal, L., Schofield, P.R., Secolin, R., Shapland, C.Y., Shen, L., Shin, J., Shumskaya, E., Sønderby, I.E., Sprooten, E., Tansey, K.E., Teumer, A., Thalamuthu, A., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Turner, J.A., Uhlmann, A., Vallerga, C.L., van der Meer, D., van Donkelaar, M.M.J., van Eijk, L., Van Erp, T.G.M., van Haren, N.E.M., Van Rooij, D., van Tol, M-J, Veldink, J.H., Verhoef, E., Walton, E., Wang, M., Wang, Y., Wardlaw, J.M., Wen, W., Westlye, L.T., Whelan, C.D., Witt, S.H., Wittfeld, K., Wolf, C., Wolfers, T., Wu, J.Q., Yasuda, C.L., Zaremba, D., Zhang, Z., Zwiers, M.P., Artiges, E., Assareh, A.A., Ayesa-Arriola, R., Belger, A., Brandt, C.L., Brown, G.G., Cichon, S., Curran, J.E., Davies, G.E., Degenhardt, F., Dennis, M.F., Dietsche, B., Djurovic, S., Doherty, C.P., Espiritu, R., Garijo, D., Gil, Y., Gowland, P.A., Green, R.C., Häusler, A.N., Heindel, W., Ho, B-C., Hoffmann, W.U., Holsboer, F., Homuth, G., Hosten, N., Jack, C.R., Jang, M., Jansen, A., Kimbrel, N.A., Kolskår, K., Koops, S., Krug, A., Lim, K.O., Luykx, J.J., Mathalon, D.H., Mather, K.A., Mattay, V.S., Matthews, S., Mayoral Van Son, J., McEwen, S.C., Melle, I., Morris, D.W., Mueller, B.A., Nauck, M., Nordvik, J.E., Nöthen, M.M., O’Leary, D.S., Opel, N., Martinot, M-L.P., Pike, G.B., Preda, A., Quinlan, E.B., Rasser, P.E., Ratnakar, V., Reppermund, S., Steen, V.M., Tooney, P.A., Torres, F.R., Veltman, D.J., Voyvodic, J.T., Whelan, R., White, T., Yamamori, H., Adams, H.H.H., Bis, J.C., Debette, S., DeCarli, C., Fornage, M., Gudnason, V., Hofer, E., Ikram, M.A., Launer, L., Longstreth, W.T., Lopez, O.L., Mazoyer, B., Mosley, T.H., Roshchupkin, G.V., Satizabal, C.L., Schmidt, R., Seshadri, S., Yang, Q., Alvim, M.K.M., Ames, D., Anderson, T.J., Andreassen, O.A., Arias-Vasquez, A., Bastin, M.E., Baune, B.T., Beckham, J.C., Blangero, J., Boomsma, D.I., Brodaty, H., Brunner, H.G., Buckner, R.L., Buitelaar, J.K., Bustillo, J.R., Cahn, W., Cairns, M.J., Calhoun, V., Carr, V.J., Caseras, X., Caspers, S., Cavalleri, G.L., Cendes, F., Corvin, A., Crespo-Facorro, B., Dalrymple-Alford, J.C., Dannlowski, U., de Geus, E.J.C., Deary, I.J., Delanty, N., Depondt, C., Desrivières, S., Donohoe, G., Espeseth, T., Fernández, G., Fisher, S.E., Flor, H., Forstner, A.J., Francks, C., Franke, B., Glahn, D.C., Gollub, R.L., Grabe, H.J., Gruber, O., Håberg, A.K., Hariri, A.R., Hartman, C.A., Hashimoto, R., Heinz, A., Henskens, F.A., Hillegers, M.H.J., Hoekstra, P.J., Holmes, A.J., Hong, L.E., Hopkins, W.D., Hulshoff Pol, H.E., Jernigan, T.L., Jönsson, E.G., Kahn, R.S., Kennedy, M.A., Kircher, T.T.J., Kochunov, P., Kwok, J.B.J., Le Hellard, S., Loughland, C.M., Martin, N.G., Martinot, J-L, McDonald, C., McMahon, K.L., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Michie, P.T., Morey, R.A., Mowry, B., Nyberg, L., Oosterlaan, J., Ophoff, R.A., Pantelis, C., Paus, T., Pausova, Z., Penninx, B.W.J.H., Polderman, T.J.C., Posthuma, D., Rietschel, M., Roffman, J.L., Rowland, L.M., Sachdev, P.S., Sämann, P.G., Schall, U., Schumann, G., Scott, R.J., Sim, K., Sisodiya, S.M., Smoller, J.W., Sommer, I.E., St Pourcain, B., Stein, D.J., Toga, A.W., Trollor, J.N., van der Wee, N.J.A., van ’t Ent, D., Völzke, H., Walter, H., Weber, B., Weinberger, D.R., Wright, M.J., Zhou, J., Stein, J.L., Thompson, P.M., and Medland, S.E.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities. Variations in human cortical surface area and thickness are associated with neurological, psychological, and behavioral traits and can be measured in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Studies in model organisms have identified genes that influence cortical structure, but little is known about common genetic variants that affect human cortical structure. RATIONALE To identify genetic variants associated with human cortical structure at both global and regional levels, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain MRI data from 51,665 individuals across 60 cohorts. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 cortical regions with known functional specializations. RESULTS We identified 306 nominally genome-wide significant loci (P < 5 × 10−8) associated with cortical structure in a discovery sample of 33,992 participants of European ancestry. Of the 299 loci for which replication data were available, 241 loci influencing surface area and 14 influencing thickness remained significant after replication, with 199 loci passing multiple testing correction (P < 8.3 × 10−10; 187 influencing surface area and 12 influencing thickness). Common genetic variants explained 34% (SE = 3%) of the variation in total surface area and 26% (SE = 2%) in average thickness; surface area and thickness showed a negative genetic correlation (rG = −0.32, SE = 0.05, P = 6.5 × 10−12), which suggests that genetic influences have opposing effects on surface area and thickness. Bioinformatic analyses showed that total surface area is influenced by genetic variants that alter gene regulatory activity in neural progenitor cells during fetal development. By contrast, average thickness is influenced by active regulatory elements in adult brain samples, which may reflect processes that occur after mid-fetal development, such as myelination, branching, or pruning. When co

Published
2020

28. ENIGMA MDD: seven years of global neuroimaging studies of major depression through worldwide data sharing

Author

Schmaal, L, Pozzi, E, Ho, TC, van Velzen, LS, Veer, IM, Opel, N, Van Someren, EJW, Han, LKM, Aftanas, L, Aleman, A, Baune, BT, Berger, K, Blanken, TF, Capitao, L, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Cullen, KR, Dannlowski, U, Davey, C, Erwin-Grabner, T, Evans, J, Frodl, T, Fu, CHY, Godlewska, B, Gotlib, IH, Goya-Maldonado, R, Grabe, HJ, Groenewold, NA, Grotegerd, D, Gruber, O, Gutman, BA, Hall, GB, Harrison, BJ, Hatton, SN, Hermesdorf, M, Hickie, IB, Hilland, E, Irungu, B, Jonassen, R, Kelly, S, Kircher, T, Klimes-Dougan, B, Krug, A, Landro, NI, Lagopoulos, J, Leerssen, J, Li, M, Linden, DEJ, MacMaster, FP, McIntosh, AM, Mehler, DMA, Nenadic, I, Penninx, BWJH, Portella, MJ, Reneman, L, Renteria, ME, Sacchet, MD, Saemann, PG, Schrantee, A, Sim, K, Soares, JC, Stein, DJ, Tozzi, L, van Der Wee, NJA, van Tol, M-J, Vermeiren, R, Vives-Gilabert, Y, Walter, H, Walter, M, Whalley, HC, Wittfeld, K, Whittle, S, Wright, MJ, Yang, TT, Zarate, C, Thomopoulos, SI, Jahanshad, N, Thompson, PM, Veltman, DJ, Schmaal, L, Pozzi, E, Ho, TC, van Velzen, LS, Veer, IM, Opel, N, Van Someren, EJW, Han, LKM, Aftanas, L, Aleman, A, Baune, BT, Berger, K, Blanken, TF, Capitao, L, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Cullen, KR, Dannlowski, U, Davey, C, Erwin-Grabner, T, Evans, J, Frodl, T, Fu, CHY, Godlewska, B, Gotlib, IH, Goya-Maldonado, R, Grabe, HJ, Groenewold, NA, Grotegerd, D, Gruber, O, Gutman, BA, Hall, GB, Harrison, BJ, Hatton, SN, Hermesdorf, M, Hickie, IB, Hilland, E, Irungu, B, Jonassen, R, Kelly, S, Kircher, T, Klimes-Dougan, B, Krug, A, Landro, NI, Lagopoulos, J, Leerssen, J, Li, M, Linden, DEJ, MacMaster, FP, McIntosh, AM, Mehler, DMA, Nenadic, I, Penninx, BWJH, Portella, MJ, Reneman, L, Renteria, ME, Sacchet, MD, Saemann, PG, Schrantee, A, Sim, K, Soares, JC, Stein, DJ, Tozzi, L, van Der Wee, NJA, van Tol, M-J, Vermeiren, R, Vives-Gilabert, Y, Walter, H, Walter, M, Whalley, HC, Wittfeld, K, Whittle, S, Wright, MJ, Yang, TT, Zarate, C, Thomopoulos, SI, Jahanshad, N, Thompson, PM, and Veltman, DJ

Abstract

A key objective in the field of translational psychiatry over the past few decades has been to identify the brain correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD). Identifying measurable indicators of brain processes associated with MDD could facilitate the detection of individuals at risk, and the development of novel treatments, the monitoring of treatment effects, and predicting who might benefit most from treatments that target specific brain mechanisms. However, despite intensive neuroimaging research towards this effort, underpowered studies and a lack of reproducible findings have hindered progress. Here, we discuss the work of the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Consortium, which was established to address issues of poor replication, unreliable results, and overestimation of effect sizes in previous studies. The ENIGMA MDD Consortium currently includes data from 45 MDD study cohorts from 14 countries across six continents. The primary aim of ENIGMA MDD is to identify structural and functional brain alterations associated with MDD that can be reliably detected and replicated across cohorts worldwide. A secondary goal is to investigate how demographic, genetic, clinical, psychological, and environmental factors affect these associations. In this review, we summarize findings of the ENIGMA MDD disease working group to date and discuss future directions. We also highlight the challenges and benefits of large-scale data sharing for mental health research.

Published
2020

29. Interactive impact of childhood maltreatment, depression, and age on cortical brain structure: mega-analytic findings from a large multi-site cohort

Author

Tozzi, L, Garczarek, L, Janowitz, D, Stein, DJ, Wittfeld, K, Dobrowolny, H, Lagopoulos, J, Hatton, SN, Hickie, IB, Carballedo, A, Brooks, SJ, Vuletic, D, Uhlmann, A, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Buelow, R, Voelzke, H, Klinger-Koenig, J, Schnell, K, Schoepf, D, Grotegerd, D, Opel, N, Dannlowski, U, Kugel, H, Schramm, E, Konrad, C, Kircher, T, Jueksel, DI, Nenadic, I, Krug, A, Hahn, T, Steinstraeter, O, Redlich, R, Zaremba, D, Zurowski, B, Fu, CHY, Dima, D, Cole, J, Grabe, HJ, Connolly, CG, Yang, TT, Ho, TC, Lewinn, KZ, Li, M, Groenewold, NA, Salminen, LE, Walter, M, Simmons, AN, van Erp, TGM, Jahanshad, N, Baune, BT, van der Wee, NJA, van Tol, M-J, Penninx, BWJH, Hibar, DP, Thompson, PM, Veltman, DJ, Schmaal, L, Frodl, T, Tozzi, L, Garczarek, L, Janowitz, D, Stein, DJ, Wittfeld, K, Dobrowolny, H, Lagopoulos, J, Hatton, SN, Hickie, IB, Carballedo, A, Brooks, SJ, Vuletic, D, Uhlmann, A, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Buelow, R, Voelzke, H, Klinger-Koenig, J, Schnell, K, Schoepf, D, Grotegerd, D, Opel, N, Dannlowski, U, Kugel, H, Schramm, E, Konrad, C, Kircher, T, Jueksel, DI, Nenadic, I, Krug, A, Hahn, T, Steinstraeter, O, Redlich, R, Zaremba, D, Zurowski, B, Fu, CHY, Dima, D, Cole, J, Grabe, HJ, Connolly, CG, Yang, TT, Ho, TC, Lewinn, KZ, Li, M, Groenewold, NA, Salminen, LE, Walter, M, Simmons, AN, van Erp, TGM, Jahanshad, N, Baune, BT, van der Wee, NJA, van Tol, M-J, Penninx, BWJH, Hibar, DP, Thompson, PM, Veltman, DJ, Schmaal, L, and Frodl, T

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Childhood maltreatment (CM) plays an important role in the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of this study was to examine whether CM severity and type are associated with MDD-related brain alterations, and how they interact with sex and age. METHODS: Within the ENIGMA-MDD network, severity and subtypes of CM using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were assessed and structural magnetic resonance imaging data from patients with MDD and healthy controls were analyzed in a mega-analysis comprising a total of 3872 participants aged between 13 and 89 years. Cortical thickness and surface area were extracted at each site using FreeSurfer. RESULTS: CM severity was associated with reduced cortical thickness in the banks of the superior temporal sulcus and supramarginal gyrus as well as with reduced surface area of the middle temporal lobe. Participants reporting both childhood neglect and abuse had a lower cortical thickness in the inferior parietal lobe, middle temporal lobe, and precuneus compared to participants not exposed to CM. In males only, regardless of diagnosis, CM severity was associated with higher cortical thickness of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex. Finally, a significant interaction between CM and age in predicting thickness was seen across several prefrontal, temporal, and temporo-parietal regions. CONCLUSIONS: Severity and type of CM may impact cortical thickness and surface area. Importantly, CM may influence age-dependent brain maturation, particularly in regions related to the default mode network, perception, and theory of mind.

Published
2020

30. The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

Author

Grasby, KL, Jahanshad, N, Painter, JN, Colodro-Conde, L, Bralten, J, Hibar, DP, Lind, PA, Pizzagalli, F, Ching, CRK, McMahon, MAB, Shatokhina, N, Zsembik, LCP, Thomopoulos, SI, Zhu, AH, Strike, LT, Agartz, I, Alhusaini, S, Almeida, MAA, Alnaes, D, Amlien, IK, Andersson, M, Ard, T, Armstrong, NJ, Ashley-Koch, A, Atkins, JR, Bernard, M, Brouwer, RM, Buimer, EEL, Bulow, R, Burger, C, Cannon, DM, Chakravarty, M, Chen, Q, Cheung, JW, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Dale, AM, Dalvie, S, de Araujo, TK, de Zubicaray, GI, de Zwarte, SMC, den Braber, A, Nhat, TD, Dohm, K, Ehrlich, S, Engelbrecht, H-R, Erk, S, Fan, CC, Fedko, IO, Foley, SF, Ford, JM, Fukunaga, M, Garrett, ME, Ge, T, Giddaluru, S, Goldman, AL, Green, MJ, Groenewold, NA, Grotegerd, D, Gurholt, TP, Gutman, BA, Hansell, NK, Harris, MA, Harrison, MB, Haswell, CC, Hauser, M, Herms, S, Heslenfeld, DJ, Ho, NF, Hoehn, D, Hoffmann, P, Holleran, L, Hoogman, M, Hottenga, J-J, Ikeda, M, Janowitz, D, Jansen, IE, Jia, T, Jockwitz, C, Kanai, R, Karama, S, Kasperaviciute, D, Kaufmann, T, Kelly, S, Kikuchi, M, Klein, M, Knapp, M, Knodt, AR, Kramer, B, Lam, M, Lancaster, TM, Lee, PH, Lett, TA, Lewis, LB, Lopes-Cendes, I, Luciano, M, Macciardi, F, Marquand, AF, Mathias, SR, Melzer, TR, Milaneschi, Y, Mirza-Schreiber, N, Moreira, JCV, Muhleisen, TW, Mueller-Myhsok, B, Najt, P, Nakahara, S, Nho, K, Loohuis, LMO, Orfanos, DP, Pearson, JF, Pitcher, TL, Putz, B, Quide, Y, Ragothaman, A, Rashid, FM, Reay, WR, Redlich, R, Reinbold, CS, Repple, J, Richard, G, Riedel, BC, Risacher, SL, Rocha, CS, Mota, NR, Salminen, L, Saremi, A, Saykin, AJ, Schlag, F, Schmaal, L, Schofield, PR, Secolin, R, Shapland, CY, Shen, L, Shin, J, Shumskaya, E, Sonderby, IE, Sprooten, E, Tansey, KE, Teumer, A, Thalamuthu, A, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, Turner, JA, Uhlmann, A, Vallerga, CL, van der Meer, D, van Donkelaar, MMJ, van Eijk, L, van Erp, TGM, van Haren, NEM, van Rooij, D, van Tol, M-J, Veldink, JH, Verhoef, E, Walton, E, Wang, M, Wang, Y, Wardlaw, JM, Wen, W, Westlye, LT, Whelan, CD, Witt, SH, Wittfeld, K, Wolf, C, Wolfers, T, Wu, JQ, Yasuda, CL, Zaremba, D, Zhang, Z, Zwiers, MP, Artiges, E, Assareh, AA, Ayesa-Arriola, R, Belger, A, Brandt, CL, Brown, GG, Cichon, S, Curran, JE, Davies, GE, Degenhardt, F, Dennis, MF, Dietsche, B, Djurovic, S, Doherty, CP, Espiritu, R, Garijo, D, Gil, Y, Gowland, PA, Green, RC, Hausler, AN, Heindel, W, Ho, B-C, Hoffmann, WU, Holsboer, F, Homuth, G, Hosten, N, Jack, CR, Jang, M, Jansen, A, Kimbrel, NA, Kolskar, K, Koops, S, Krug, A, Lim, KO, Luykx, JJ, Mathalon, DH, Mather, KA, Mattay, VS, Matthews, S, Van Son, JM, McEwen, SC, Melle, I, Morris, DW, Mueller, BA, Nauck, M, Nordvik, JE, Noethen, MM, O'Leary, DS, Opel, N, Martinot, M-LP, Pike, GB, Preda, A, Quinlan, EB, Rasser, PE, Ratnakar, V, Reppermund, S, Steen, VM, Tooney, PA, Torres, FR, Veltman, DJ, Voyvodic, JT, Whelan, R, White, T, Yamamori, H, Adams, HHH, Bis, JC, Debette, S, Decarli, C, Fornage, M, Gudnason, V, Hofer, E, Ikram, MA, Launer, L, Longstreth, WT, Lopez, OL, Mazoyer, B, Mosley, TH, Roshchupkin, GV, Satizabal, CL, Schmidt, R, Seshadri, S, Yang, Q, Alvim, MKM, Ames, D, Anderson, TJ, Andreassen, OA, Arias-Vasquez, A, Bastin, ME, Baune, BT, Beckham, JC, Blangero, J, Boomsma, DI, Brodaty, H, Brunner, HG, Buckner, RL, Buitelaar, JK, Bustillo, JR, Cahn, W, Cairns, MJ, Calhoun, V, Carr, VJ, Caseras, X, Caspers, S, Cavalleri, GL, Cendes, F, Corvin, A, Crespo-Facorro, B, Dalrymple-Alford, JC, Dannlowski, U, de Geus, EJC, Deary, IJ, Delanty, N, Depondt, C, Desrivieres, S, Donohoe, G, Espeseth, T, Fernandez, G, Fisher, SE, Flor, H, Forstner, AJ, Francks, C, Franke, B, Glahn, DC, Gollub, RL, Grabe, HJ, Gruber, O, Haberg, AK, Hariri, AR, Hartman, CA, Hashimoto, R, Heinz, A, Henskens, FA, Hillegers, MHJ, Hoekstra, PJ, Holmes, AJ, Hong, LE, Hopkins, WD, Pol, HEH, Jernigan, TL, Jonsson, EG, Kahn, RS, Kennedy, MA, Kircher, TTJ, Kochunov, P, Kwok, JBJ, Le Hellard, S, Loughland, CM, Martin, NG, Martinot, J-L, McDonald, C, McMahon, KL, Meyer-Lindenberg, A, Michie, PT, Morey, RA, Mowry, B, Nyberg, L, Oosterlaan, J, Ophoff, RA, Pantelis, C, Paus, T, Pausova, Z, Penninx, BWJH, Polderman, TJC, Posthuma, D, Rietschel, M, Roffman, JL, Rowland, LM, Sachdev, PS, Samann, PG, Schall, U, Schumann, G, Scott, RJ, Sim, K, Sisodiya, SM, Smoller, JW, Sommer, IE, St Pourcain, B, Stein, DJ, Toga, AW, Trollor, JN, Van der Wee, NJA, van't Ent, D, Volzke, H, Walter, H, Weber, B, Weinberger, DR, Wright, MJ, Zhou, J, Stein, JL, Thompson, PM, Medland, SE, Grasby, KL, Jahanshad, N, Painter, JN, Colodro-Conde, L, Bralten, J, Hibar, DP, Lind, PA, Pizzagalli, F, Ching, CRK, McMahon, MAB, Shatokhina, N, Zsembik, LCP, Thomopoulos, SI, Zhu, AH, Strike, LT, Agartz, I, Alhusaini, S, Almeida, MAA, Alnaes, D, Amlien, IK, Andersson, M, Ard, T, Armstrong, NJ, Ashley-Koch, A, Atkins, JR, Bernard, M, Brouwer, RM, Buimer, EEL, Bulow, R, Burger, C, Cannon, DM, Chakravarty, M, Chen, Q, Cheung, JW, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Dale, AM, Dalvie, S, de Araujo, TK, de Zubicaray, GI, de Zwarte, SMC, den Braber, A, Nhat, TD, Dohm, K, Ehrlich, S, Engelbrecht, H-R, Erk, S, Fan, CC, Fedko, IO, Foley, SF, Ford, JM, Fukunaga, M, Garrett, ME, Ge, T, Giddaluru, S, Goldman, AL, Green, MJ, Groenewold, NA, Grotegerd, D, Gurholt, TP, Gutman, BA, Hansell, NK, Harris, MA, Harrison, MB, Haswell, CC, Hauser, M, Herms, S, Heslenfeld, DJ, Ho, NF, Hoehn, D, Hoffmann, P, Holleran, L, Hoogman, M, Hottenga, J-J, Ikeda, M, Janowitz, D, Jansen, IE, Jia, T, Jockwitz, C, Kanai, R, Karama, S, Kasperaviciute, D, Kaufmann, T, Kelly, S, Kikuchi, M, Klein, M, Knapp, M, Knodt, AR, Kramer, B, Lam, M, Lancaster, TM, Lee, PH, Lett, TA, Lewis, LB, Lopes-Cendes, I, Luciano, M, Macciardi, F, Marquand, AF, Mathias, SR, Melzer, TR, Milaneschi, Y, Mirza-Schreiber, N, Moreira, JCV, Muhleisen, TW, Mueller-Myhsok, B, Najt, P, Nakahara, S, Nho, K, Loohuis, LMO, Orfanos, DP, Pearson, JF, Pitcher, TL, Putz, B, Quide, Y, Ragothaman, A, Rashid, FM, Reay, WR, Redlich, R, Reinbold, CS, Repple, J, Richard, G, Riedel, BC, Risacher, SL, Rocha, CS, Mota, NR, Salminen, L, Saremi, A, Saykin, AJ, Schlag, F, Schmaal, L, Schofield, PR, Secolin, R, Shapland, CY, Shen, L, Shin, J, Shumskaya, E, Sonderby, IE, Sprooten, E, Tansey, KE, Teumer, A, Thalamuthu, A, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, Turner, JA, Uhlmann, A, Vallerga, CL, van der Meer, D, van Donkelaar, MMJ, van Eijk, L, van Erp, TGM, van Haren, NEM, van Rooij, D, van Tol, M-J, Veldink, JH, Verhoef, E, Walton, E, Wang, M, Wang, Y, Wardlaw, JM, Wen, W, Westlye, LT, Whelan, CD, Witt, SH, Wittfeld, K, Wolf, C, Wolfers, T, Wu, JQ, Yasuda, CL, Zaremba, D, Zhang, Z, Zwiers, MP, Artiges, E, Assareh, AA, Ayesa-Arriola, R, Belger, A, Brandt, CL, Brown, GG, Cichon, S, Curran, JE, Davies, GE, Degenhardt, F, Dennis, MF, Dietsche, B, Djurovic, S, Doherty, CP, Espiritu, R, Garijo, D, Gil, Y, Gowland, PA, Green, RC, Hausler, AN, Heindel, W, Ho, B-C, Hoffmann, WU, Holsboer, F, Homuth, G, Hosten, N, Jack, CR, Jang, M, Jansen, A, Kimbrel, NA, Kolskar, K, Koops, S, Krug, A, Lim, KO, Luykx, JJ, Mathalon, DH, Mather, KA, Mattay, VS, Matthews, S, Van Son, JM, McEwen, SC, Melle, I, Morris, DW, Mueller, BA, Nauck, M, Nordvik, JE, Noethen, MM, O'Leary, DS, Opel, N, Martinot, M-LP, Pike, GB, Preda, A, Quinlan, EB, Rasser, PE, Ratnakar, V, Reppermund, S, Steen, VM, Tooney, PA, Torres, FR, Veltman, DJ, Voyvodic, JT, Whelan, R, White, T, Yamamori, H, Adams, HHH, Bis, JC, Debette, S, Decarli, C, Fornage, M, Gudnason, V, Hofer, E, Ikram, MA, Launer, L, Longstreth, WT, Lopez, OL, Mazoyer, B, Mosley, TH, Roshchupkin, GV, Satizabal, CL, Schmidt, R, Seshadri, S, Yang, Q, Alvim, MKM, Ames, D, Anderson, TJ, Andreassen, OA, Arias-Vasquez, A, Bastin, ME, Baune, BT, Beckham, JC, Blangero, J, Boomsma, DI, Brodaty, H, Brunner, HG, Buckner, RL, Buitelaar, JK, Bustillo, JR, Cahn, W, Cairns, MJ, Calhoun, V, Carr, VJ, Caseras, X, Caspers, S, Cavalleri, GL, Cendes, F, Corvin, A, Crespo-Facorro, B, Dalrymple-Alford, JC, Dannlowski, U, de Geus, EJC, Deary, IJ, Delanty, N, Depondt, C, Desrivieres, S, Donohoe, G, Espeseth, T, Fernandez, G, Fisher, SE, Flor, H, Forstner, AJ, Francks, C, Franke, B, Glahn, DC, Gollub, RL, Grabe, HJ, Gruber, O, Haberg, AK, Hariri, AR, Hartman, CA, Hashimoto, R, Heinz, A, Henskens, FA, Hillegers, MHJ, Hoekstra, PJ, Holmes, AJ, Hong, LE, Hopkins, WD, Pol, HEH, Jernigan, TL, Jonsson, EG, Kahn, RS, Kennedy, MA, Kircher, TTJ, Kochunov, P, Kwok, JBJ, Le Hellard, S, Loughland, CM, Martin, NG, Martinot, J-L, McDonald, C, McMahon, KL, Meyer-Lindenberg, A, Michie, PT, Morey, RA, Mowry, B, Nyberg, L, Oosterlaan, J, Ophoff, RA, Pantelis, C, Paus, T, Pausova, Z, Penninx, BWJH, Polderman, TJC, Posthuma, D, Rietschel, M, Roffman, JL, Rowland, LM, Sachdev, PS, Samann, PG, Schall, U, Schumann, G, Scott, RJ, Sim, K, Sisodiya, SM, Smoller, JW, Sommer, IE, St Pourcain, B, Stein, DJ, Toga, AW, Trollor, JN, Van der Wee, NJA, van't Ent, D, Volzke, H, Walter, H, Weber, B, Weinberger, DR, Wright, MJ, Zhou, J, Stein, JL, Thompson, PM, and Medland, SE

Abstract

The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Published
2020

31. Predicting individual clinical trajectories of depression with generative embedding

Author

Fraessle, S, Marquand, AF, Schmaal, L, Dinga, R, Veltman, DJ, van der Wee, NJA, van Tol, M-J, Schoebi, D, Penninx, BWJH, Stephan, KE, Fraessle, S, Marquand, AF, Schmaal, L, Dinga, R, Veltman, DJ, van der Wee, NJA, van Tol, M-J, Schoebi, D, Penninx, BWJH, and Stephan, KE

Abstract

Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) show heterogeneous treatment response and highly variable clinical trajectories: while some patients experience swift recovery, others show relapsing-remitting or chronic courses. Predicting individual clinical trajectories at an early stage is a key challenge for psychiatry and might facilitate individually tailored interventions. So far, however, reliable predictors at the single-patient level are absent. Here, we evaluated the utility of a machine learning strategy - generative embedding (GE) - which combines interpretable generative models with discriminative classifiers. Specifically, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of emotional face perception in 85 MDD patients from the NEtherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) who had been followed up over two years and classified into three subgroups with distinct clinical trajectories. Combining a generative model of effective (directed) connectivity with support vector machines (SVMs), we could predict whether a given patient would experience chronic depression vs. fast remission with a balanced accuracy of 79%. Gradual improvement vs. fast remission could still be predicted above-chance, but less convincingly, with a balanced accuracy of 61%. Generative embedding outperformed classification based on conventional (descriptive) features, such as functional connectivity or local activation estimates, which were obtained from the same data and did not allow for above-chance classification accuracy. Furthermore, predictive performance of GE could be assigned to a specific network property: the trial-by-trial modulation of connections by emotional content. Given the limited sample size of our study, the present results are preliminary but may serve as proof-of-concept, illustrating the potential of GE for obtaining clinical predictions that are interpretable in terms of network mechanisms. Our findings suggest that abnormal dynamic changes of con

Published
2020

32. White matter disturbances in major depressive disorder: a coordinated analysis across 20 international cohorts in the ENIGMA MDD working group

Author

van Velzen, LS, Kelly, S, Isaev, D, Aleman, A, Aftanas, L, Bauer, J, Baune, BT, Brak, I, Carballedo, A, Connolly, CG, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Cullen, KR, Danilenko, K, Dannlowski, U, Enneking, V, Filimonova, E, Foerster, K, Frodl, T, Gotlib, IH, Groenewold, NA, Grotegerd, D, Harris, MA, Hatton, SN, Hawkins, EL, Hickie, IB, Ho, TC, Jansen, A, Kircher, T, Klimes-Dougan, B, Kochunov, P, Krug, A, Lagopoulos, J, Lee, R, Lett, TA, Li, M, MacMaster, FP, Martin, NG, McIntosh, AM, McLellan, Q, Meinert, S, Nenadic, I, Osipov, E, Penninx, BWJH, Portella, MJ, Repple, J, Roos, A, Sacchet, MD, Saemann, PG, Schnell, K, Shen, X, Sim, K, Stein, DJ, van Tol, M-J, Tomyshev, AS, Tozzi, L, Veer, IM, Vermeiren, R, Vives-Gilabert, Y, Walter, H, Walter, M, van der Wee, NJA, van der Werff, SJA, Schreiner, MW, Whalley, HC, Wright, MJ, Yang, TT, Zhu, A, Veltman, DJ, Thompson, PM, Jahanshad, N, Schmaal, L, van Velzen, LS, Kelly, S, Isaev, D, Aleman, A, Aftanas, L, Bauer, J, Baune, BT, Brak, I, Carballedo, A, Connolly, CG, Couvy-Duchesne, B, Cullen, KR, Danilenko, K, Dannlowski, U, Enneking, V, Filimonova, E, Foerster, K, Frodl, T, Gotlib, IH, Groenewold, NA, Grotegerd, D, Harris, MA, Hatton, SN, Hawkins, EL, Hickie, IB, Ho, TC, Jansen, A, Kircher, T, Klimes-Dougan, B, Kochunov, P, Krug, A, Lagopoulos, J, Lee, R, Lett, TA, Li, M, MacMaster, FP, Martin, NG, McIntosh, AM, McLellan, Q, Meinert, S, Nenadic, I, Osipov, E, Penninx, BWJH, Portella, MJ, Repple, J, Roos, A, Sacchet, MD, Saemann, PG, Schnell, K, Shen, X, Sim, K, Stein, DJ, van Tol, M-J, Tomyshev, AS, Tozzi, L, Veer, IM, Vermeiren, R, Vives-Gilabert, Y, Walter, H, Walter, M, van der Wee, NJA, van der Werff, SJA, Schreiner, MW, Whalley, HC, Wright, MJ, Yang, TT, Zhu, A, Veltman, DJ, Thompson, PM, Jahanshad, N, and Schmaal, L

Abstract

Alterations in white matter (WM) microstructure have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, previous findings have been inconsistent, partially due to low statistical power and the heterogeneity of depression. In the largest multi-site study to date, we examined WM anisotropy and diffusivity in 1305 MDD patients and 1602 healthy controls (age range 12-88 years) from 20 samples worldwide, which included both adults and adolescents, within the MDD Working Group of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium. Processing of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data and statistical analyses were harmonized across sites and effects were meta-analyzed across studies. We observed subtle, but widespread, lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in adult MDD patients compared with controls in 16 out of 25 WM tracts of interest (Cohen's d between 0.12 and 0.26). The largest differences were observed in the corpus callosum and corona radiata. Widespread higher radial diffusivity (RD) was also observed (all Cohen's d between 0.12 and 0.18). Findings appeared to be driven by patients with recurrent MDD and an adult age of onset of depression. White matter microstructural differences in a smaller sample of adolescent MDD patients and controls did not survive correction for multiple testing. In this coordinated and harmonized multisite DTI study, we showed subtle, but widespread differences in WM microstructure in adult MDD, which may suggest structural disconnectivity in MDD.

Published
2020

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