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Students with mobility impairments have the right to move independently throughout university campuses. This study presents a model to evaluate routes based on accessibility criteria to determine the most suitable paths for disabled individuals navigating a university. First, the main factors of accessible mobility were determined and rated by students with physical disabilities. Within this context, this study used the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to weight criteria and route alternatives. İnönü University was selected for quantifying the path network of its campus by physically handicapped students. Three main campus routes were evaluated to find the most accessible route for students. Based on the results, among ten key factors, ramp slope and paving are the most important. Furthermore, on-site analyses demonstrated the accuracy of the AHP method for this research. Contributions of the study include a model for determining the optimal route with the fewest physical obstacles to facilitate disabled individuals’ daily movement.

Many universities are transforming campuses by responding to globally significant, locally specific, economic, political, and social imperatives. Some are implementing urban and regional transformations in higher education delivery to increase student access and diversity. Their success can depend upon infrastructures provided by other parties. Public transport is an example. Transit accessibility and equity affect quality of life, livelihoods, life course, and liveability in cities. Growing numbers of international studies consider factors shaping student travel to and from university campuses by public transport; fewer address local socio-spatial experiences of travel. Informed by debates about differential accessibility of suburban and city campuses, we examined student experiences at an Australian regional university undergoing transformation. We report on a study assessing multiple trips to and from two campuses to five destinations. Rich insights were drawn from experiences of antisocial behaviour, vulnerability, and sub-optimal service provision and reveal why some students think public transport is a mode of last resort. Universities and their stakeholders need to know more about student experiences of mobility. Such knowledge could inform tailored transport interventions and universities' willingness to encourage public transport providers to view their services as infrastructures of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students with mobility impairments have the right to move independently throughout university campuses. This study presents a model to evaluate routes based on accessibility criteria to determine the most suitable paths for disabled individuals navigating a university. First, the main factors of accessible mobility were determined and rated by students with physical disabilities. Within this context, this study used the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to weight criteria and route alternatives. İnönü University was selected for quantifying the path network of its campus by physically handicapped students. Three main campus routes were evaluated to find the most accessible route for students. Based on the results, among ten key factors, ramp slope and paving are the most important. Furthermore, on-site analyses demonstrated the accuracy of the AHP method for this research. Contributions of the study include a model for determining the optimal route with the fewest physical obstacles to facilitate disabled individuals’ daily movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe so-called ‘short-cycle’ tertiary education (level 5 of the International Standard Classification of Education ISCED 2011) is an area of education which has been inadequately researched, where a number of questions remain regarding its true definition and uneven social recognition across Europe. Although it has gain visibility in recent decades, it is perhaps too early to affirm that its has an established position within Higher Education. This paper aims to contribute to improving its image and, ultimately, offer a perspective of Higher Education as a broad range of programs effectively integrating university studies and other options. Using a mixed paradigm, the study evaluates the opinions of students and university administrators regarding the integration of university studies and short-cycle programs (Advanced Vocational Education and Training, VET) into the same university campuses. The sample consists of all Spanish universities which impart on the same campus, the University Degree in Pre-Primary Education and Advanced Vocational Education and Training in Pre-Primary Education. Results suggest that the offer of short-cycle and university degree programs in the same space presents an opportunity for university institutions, in line with the European Strategy for Universities (2022), with excellence and inclusion as a distinctive feature of European higher education.

Despite the promising outcomes achieved over time in Asset Management, data accessibility, correlation, analysis, and visualization still represent challenges. The integration, readability, and interpretation of heterogeneous information by different stakeholders is a further concern, especially at the urban scale, where spatial data integration is required to correlate virtual information with the real world. The Geographic Information System (GIS) allows these connections, representing and digitizing extensive areas with significant benefits for asset analysis, management, and decision-making processes. Such benefits are central for managing large and widespread university campuses as they are comparable to small cities, covering a wide urban region and including resources highly integrated into the urban context. The paper presents how GIS integrated into Business Intelligence (BI) tools can support university Asset Management System (AMS) creation for the optimal use of resources, illustrating the University of Turin case study. The results discussion considers the relationship between the different elements of the assets and their synergy with the city. It focuses on four themes, dealing with the asset identification of buildings and resources, especially the educational ones, asset spatiotemporal evolution, and buildings' distances for proximity analysis. The benefits achievable through the AMS, related challenges, and possible future developments are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As university campuses in Africa and the MENA region represent key traffic hubs in their cities, this paper develops a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to conceptualize a “framework of action” for intersectional sustainable urban mobility. The SLR includes the screening of 258 articles with filtering strategies resulting in 43 articles, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and Bibliometrics analysis, Systematics, Meta-analysis, and Storytelling techniques (BSMS). Six thematic areas are identified, travel behavior, policy and planning, environment and energy, gendered mobility, health and pandemics, and access for persons with disabilities, in which the most recurrent theme is travel behavior, and research method is survey questionnaires. The study explores the intersectional possibilities of future research-themes with an overview of issues, indicators and determinants. Themes are categorized geographically, methodologically and chronologically from 2007 to 2023. The proposed “framework of action” promotes intersectional research encouraging universities to lead sustainable mobility initiatives from a microscale approach, impacting city-wide sustainability efforts. This framework helps Africa-and-MENA universities to act as focal points for decision-making towards sustainable urban mobility in the city, benefitting urban planners, municipalities and inter-governmental collaboration by providing targeted interventions within-to-and-around campuses.

The increasing focus on promoting sustainable transportation in higher education institutions has resulted in studies that examine different aspects of the planning process. However, little research has focused on an essential element of the process: indicators of sustainable mobility in the context of university campuses. This gap is particularly noticeable in countries like Brazil, where this investigation was carried out. This study aimed to identify a set of key indicators to evaluate sustainable mobility on university campuses by taking into account their relevance and suitability to different contexts. The study combined knowledge gained from real-life planning initiatives with experts' judgment to identify the key indicators. After selecting potentially transferable indicators, we formed an expert panel with professionals from various university campuses to determine the degree of relevance and suitability of these indicators in different contexts. The results were analyzed using the Friedman non-parametric test, which indicated experts' agreement, in terms of relevance and suitability, in the following 13 indicators: Public transport infrastructure, Quality of pedestrian paths (inside and to access the campus), Parking spaces for users with mobility constraints, Urban public transport, Security within and around the campus, Universal access to buildings, Parking infrastructure, Bike racks and bike shelters, Infrastructure to access the campus, Adequacy of transport modes, Quality of campus roads, Cycling infrastructure, and Road safety campaigns. The final list may be particularly convenient for preliminary assessments or for universities that do not have resources available for wide-ranging evaluations of sustainable mobility.

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for monitoring COVID-19 has been largely used to detect the spread of the disease at the community level. From February to December 2022, we collected 24-h composite sewage samples from dormitory buildings in George Mason University (Fairfax, Virginia, USA) housing approximately 5,200 resident students. SARS-CoV-2 RNA extraction was achieved using an automated system based on magnetic nanoparticles. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was performed using reverse transcription quantitative PCR based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) N1 and N2 assays. From the 362 samples collected, 86% showed positive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Wastewater monitoring was able to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 96% of the samples from buildings housing students with COVID-19. Over the period of study, we observed significant correlations between the SARS-CoV-2 concentration (copy number mL−1) in wastewater and the number of positive cases on campus based on individual saliva testing. Although several reports have been published on the wastewater monitoring of COVID-19 in university campuses, our study is one of the very few that provides results that were obtained during the last phase of the pandemic (roughly the year 2022), when the large majority of students were vaccinated and back on campus. HIGHLIGHTS Monitoring the spread of COVID-19 in a university campus.; WBE is proven to be a reliable method to detect pathogens in communities.; 310 of 362 samples (85.6%) showed positive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.; We observed significant correlations between wastewater and individual testing results in the campus.; Although papers have been published in this work, our study is one of the few that covers the end phase of the pandemic.;

Copyright of Düzce University Journal of Forestry / Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi is the property of Duzce University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Online Journal of Art & Design is the property of Online Journal of Art & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While it is clear that there is a rich diversity of studies on outdoor space at the urban scale, only few works have investigated this type of space at the architectural scale, in particular on university campuses. In the latter case, however, these spaces are as important as teaching spaces. They come back in most students' mental maps and best stories. Through a comparative analysis of three university campuses, designed in the 1970s in Algeria, by an icon of modern architecture, Oscar Niemeyer, this article investigates the importance of outdoor space in structuring architectural projects and their composition and environmental quality. As the president's preferred architect, Niemeyer was given "carte blanche" to design the university campuses of modern Algeria. We draw on a range of tools to investigate the character of these spaces. In addition to the de/re-composition of architectural plans, which helped to identify outdoor space typologies, surveys were used to assess users' appropriation and appreciation of these spaces. In situ, direct observation helped to confirm some of the preliminary results. These comparative analyses highlighted the positive impact of the geometric and hierarchical composition of spaces. The combination of plant and mineral, covered and open spaces, and the attention to detail in the facilities provided in these outdoor spaces, which extends to the design of appropriate furniture for each space, shows that some of the criticism of modern architecture is a little unfair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

North American sports ministries are a nexus for the relationship between sport, Christian fundamentalism, politics, and capitalism. These organizations have developed expansive evangelizing networks using the influential power of athletic celebrity status and institutional embedding. This article explores the nature of these organizations by focusing on the formation of Athletes in Action out of its sister ministry, Campus Crusade for Christ on the campus of the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1950s. To inform the analysis of CCC and AIA, a historical overview of the overlap of athletics, religion, politics, and capitalism during this period is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown to be a global challenge that, in addition to other effects, has influenced travel behavior. This study examines factors affecting academic travelers’ mode choice before and during the pandemic and factors contributing to sustainable transportation on campus. By examining their travel patterns and behaviors, we contribute to understanding transportation preferences and identifying opportunities for sustainable transportation on university campuses. Studying academic travelers is crucial as they are significant daily travelers with a substantial impact on transportation systems and the environment. Understanding their mode choices helps transportation planners and policymakers promote sustainable transportation options. The literature has identified influential factors in making trips to university campuses, including age, gender, accommodation, cost, and travel time. However, cross-sectional studies involving comprehensive variables are lacking and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on transportation has not been thoroughly evaluated. To address this gap, the current study aims to evaluate novel variables, including intra-transport modes, entry permits, accessibility, parking availability, occupations, level of study, travel purpose, and visit frequency. The University of Isfahan, accessible by all modes of transport, was selected as the study area. After analyzing the questionnaire and variables using SPSS software (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 Released 2013), travel behavior was studied by discrete choice models and the models’ coefficients were estimated using NLOGIT. The finding demonstrated that using private modes (taxi, private vehicle, and active modes) increased in response to the pandemic, while using public modes (bus or subway) represented a decline. Before and during the pandemic, most people who had the same trip purpose shifted from taking the bus to using private vehicles and active transportation. Generally, people became more inclined to walk on campus during the pandemic. This study aimed to examine the travel behavior of academic travelers, who possess diverse travel choices compared with typical commuters, thus providing valuable insights into how the broader population might respond to different transportation options. The findings offer a novel perspective for university and city planners, enabling more informed decisions regarding sustainable development in campus areas.

This paper looks into the 2022 writing workshop sponsored by the British Academy with Nigerian and Ghanaian participants. It was focussed on the present status of modern buildings, which are quickly replaced by newer ones, eroding the prevailing vernacular of the landscape of African university campuses. A new approach was adopted to documenting the stories of these buildings, which had existed prior to the time, by Africans, not foreigners. Postgraduate students were co-opted to participate in a five-day writing workshop across three universities in Nigeria. The teams were headed by Early Career Researchers (ECRs) led by a Nigerian Co-Investigator (Co-I), similar to a workshop held in Ghana just a week before. The Principal Investigator (PI) was based in the United Kingdom and assisted by two co-investigators, one from Nigeria and one from Ghana. For the Nigerian contingent, the loci group comprised four participants per group (12 participants in each of the three universities in Lagos, Jos, and Enugu campus). At each university, the participants selected modern buildings on the campus to write about, guided by the ECRs. Scheduled meetings were arranged for expert presentations, site visits, and group meet-ups to discuss their working papers. Recommendations were made for architectural histories and criticisms to be introduced into the students’ curriculum, from which publications and documentation of these buildings can be carried out concurrently. Grants and awards can also be targeted at universities both locally and globally to further improve this approach. Emphasis on the cultural point of view was encouraged in the writing exercise to preserve the heritage aspects of the buildings.

This review paper offers a detailed analysis and summary of current studies related to energy management and carbon footprint reduction in university campuses. Using insights from different research papers, the review highlights the necessity for strategic and sustainable energy management approaches. The research reviewed explores a wide range of methodologies, including the examination of energy consumption, the identification of areas for improvement, the application of energy management and optimization techniques, and the use of renewable and sustainable energy strategies. It is evident from the review that successful energy management and carbon footprint reduction depend on energy management systems, integration of renewable energy, encouraging behavioural changes, and efficient resource use. The review paper is divided into six sections: understanding and enhancing energy consumption, Techniques for Energy Management and Optimization, random and systematic approaches to energy management, Energy Management Systems and their Applications, approaches for sustainable and renewable energy and carbon footprint reduction techniques. The review also identifies areas of future research in the field. It aims to serve as a valuable guide for university administrators, energy managers, and researchers seeking to implement sustainable energy practices and reduce carbon emissions on university campuses.

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown to be a global challenge that, in addition to other effects, has influenced travel behavior. This study examines factors affecting academic travelers' mode choice before and during the pandemic and factors contributing to sustainable transportation on campus. By examining their travel patterns and behaviors, we contribute to understanding transportation preferences and identifying opportunities for sustainable transportation on university campuses. Studying academic travelers is crucial as they are significant daily travelers with a substantial impact on transportation systems and the environment. Understanding their mode choices helps transportation planners and policymakers promote sustainable transportation options. The literature has identified influential factors in making trips to university campuses, including age, gender, accommodation, cost, and travel time. However, cross-sectional studies involving comprehensive variables are lacking and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on transportation has not been thoroughly evaluated. To address this gap, the current study aims to evaluate novel variables, including intra-transport modes, entry permits, accessibility, parking availability, occupations, level of study, travel purpose, and visit frequency. The University of Isfahan, accessible by all modes of transport, was selected as the study area. After analyzing the questionnaire and variables using SPSS software (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 Released 2013), travel behavior was studied by discrete choice models and the models' coefficients were estimated using NLOGIT. The finding demonstrated that using private modes (taxi, private vehicle, and active modes) increased in response to the pandemic, while using public modes (bus or subway) represented a decline. Before and during the pandemic, most people who had the same trip purpose shifted from taking the bus to using private vehicles and active transportation. Generally, people became more inclined to walk on campus during the pandemic. This study aimed to examine the travel behavior of academic travelers, who possess diverse travel choices compared with typical commuters, thus providing valuable insights into how the broader population might respond to different transportation options. The findings offer a novel perspective for university and city planners, enabling more informed decisions regarding sustainable development in campus areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U.S. public university campuses are held directly responsible for compliance with many of the same federal- and state-level environmental regulations as cities, including stormwater management. While operating as 'cities within cities' in many respects, campuses face unique constraints in achieving stormwater regulatory compliance. To compare the abilities of campuses to comply with stormwater regulations to municipalities, we conduct mixed-methods research using primary data from five University of California (UC) campuses. Public universities constituted over 20% of California's "nontraditional" permittees under the municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4) regulation regime in 2013. We utilize semi-structured interviews with campus and regulatory officials, a survey of campus students and staff around support and willingness to pay for innovative stormwater management, and content analysis of campus stormwater management documents to examine challenges to public university stormwater compliance. We find that, despite their progressive environmental practices in other areas like energy and water conservation, even as compared to cities, stormwater management practices on the evaluated campuses are constrained by several factors: infrastructure financing limitations, lack of transparent and coordinated decision-making, a lack of campus resident involvement, and regulatory inflexibility. Our study provides new insights, both for understanding campuses as sustainable 'cities within cities' and more broadly for urban environmental compliance regimes globally.

This paper looks into the 2022 writing workshop sponsored by the British Academy with Nigerian and Ghanaian participants. It was focussed on the present status of modern buildings, which are quickly replaced by newer ones, eroding the prevailing vernacular of the landscape of African university campuses. A new approach was adopted to documenting the stories of these buildings, which had existed prior to the time, by Africans, not foreigners. Postgraduate students were co-opted to participate in a five-day writing workshop across three universities in Nigeria. The teams were headed by Early Career Researchers (ECRs) led by a Nigerian Co-Investigator (Co-I), similar to a workshop held in Ghana just a week before. The Principal Investigator (PI) was based in the United Kingdom and assisted by two co-investigators, one from Nigeria and one from Ghana. For the Nigerian contingent, the loci group comprised four participants per group (12 participants in each of the three universities in Lagos, Jos, and Enugu campus). At each university, the participants selected modern buildings on the campus to write about, guided by the ECRs. Scheduled meetings were arranged for expert presentations, site visits, and group meet-ups to discuss their working papers. Recommendations were made for architectural histories and criticisms to be introduced into the students' curriculum, from which publications and documentation of these buildings can be carried out concurrently. Grants and awards can also be targeted at universities both locally and globally to further improve this approach. Emphasis on the cultural point of view was encouraged in the writing exercise to preserve the heritage aspects of the buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of [i2]: Research & Innovation in Architecture / Investigación e Innovación en Arquitectura y Territorio is the property of Universitat D'Alacant and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Understanding the human health risks posed by heavy metal(loid)s in atmospheric particulate matter is critical, especially for students on congested college campuses. For this investigation, atmospheric dustfall samples were obtained from university campuses in Wuhan City. The concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Ni, As, Cr, Co, Ba, Sb, Cd, and V were determined. Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, and Sb levels were higher than the Hubei Province soil background values. The particle morphology and mineralogy results show that atmospheric dustfall particles were spherical primarily and needle-like, and the main mineral composition of atmospheric dustfall was carbonate and silicate. The spatial distribution indicated that the heavy metal(loid)s showed apparent spatial heterogeneity. According to the pollution assessment results, Cd and Sb were the principal pollutants in Wuhan University's atmospheric dustfall and caused severe ecological risks to the environment. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk values for both male and female college students were within the safe range, the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk values for male and female college students were (0.20, 0.35) and (2.46 × 10–6, 2.72 × 10–6), respectively, and the school's teachers and students can be adequately protected. When compared to urban air pollution, college pollution is lower and may be regarded as a background point for pollution, which is helpful for monitoring, management, and prevention of urban air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Düzce University Journal of Forestry / Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi is the property of Duzce University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The worldwide demand increase and climate change constraints are leading to integration and maximization of renewable energy sources (RESs) share in the energy production. This represents a key aspect to reduce the pollutant emissions and facilitate the transition to a cleaner future. Many agreements and incentives were discussed and imposed in order to limit the fossil fuel use and thus reducing the pollutant emissions to limit global warming. With this considerations, the renewable energy sources are installed with continuous share increase. To support this implementation and used simultaneously with providing a power reserve for these intermittent power sources, energy storage systems are becoming more and more used and necessary. Simultaneously with these changes, hydrogen is becoming more and more used, being a means by which electricity can be produced without generating greenhouse gas emissions (GGE). A power supply system with multiple sources is presented and its operation is analysed, the system contains photovoltaic panels, wind system, fuel cell, hydrogen generator, electricity and hydrogen storage system to supply the consumption of a student dormitory from a university campus in Romania with prosumer possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operation of policing services on university campuses in the United Kingdom is under-researched. Drawing on interviews with university managers, security personnel and residential wardens, this article adds to the limited literature on policing in educational institutions by providing a case study of the organisation and implementation of campus policing at a university in the United Kingdom. We find that the work of the security teams includes routine housekeeping and caretaking tasks across campus, maintaining adherence to university rules and regulations, enhancing student well-being and welfare and preventing and responding to crimes. Further research is needed to understand how university spaces are managed and policed across the United Kingdom and the role of private security in dealing with welfare and mental health issues on campus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Net-metering has been introduced as an alternative to the feed-in tariff scheme to encourage consumers to act as prosumers by installing photovoltaics. Originally, net-metering referred mainly to household photovoltaic systems, however, larger prosumers connected to medium-voltage networks are also considered. Scope of this paper is to present a techno-economic assessment methodology to evaluate the viability of net-metering policy in medium-voltage prosumers. Unlike most relevant methods, the proposed methodology combines techno-economic analysis with a quasi-static simulation model incorporating the real-world operational properties of the distribution network, where the medium-voltage prosumers are connected. The analysis focuses on nine university campuses operating under net-metering policy. The impact of several important parameters on the viability of the investment as well as on the optimal size of the system is investigated; among them special emphasis is given on the applicability of the decentralized voltage regulation techniques applied to the prosumer's photovoltaic system.

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is an attempt to advance research on spatial potential for interdisciplinary innovation of university campuses by proposing a spatial quantitative method. The aim is to develop the campus to adapt to the new pedagogical structure of encouraging interdisciplinary innovation in the era of knowledge society. For this purpose, literature from management, psychology, and architecture are reviewed to provide insight into the relationship between innovation and physical environment. The existing research mainly focused on the characteristics of physical environment that supported individual innovative thinking or innovative interaction between people in building scale, which is relatively limited in this study for the campus scale since people are less likely to exchange academic information with strangers because of a lack of knowledge about their professional background. In this context, this research enriches the understanding of spatial potential for innovation by proposing a more effective way of increasing unexpected encounters with information, which are probably occurred while people passing by laboratories, seminars, or exhibitions of other disciplines. In this process, the unexpected encounters with information act as the medium or promotion factor for face-to-face interaction. This kind of innovative potential requires fewer conditions like acquaintance or face-to-face interaction but depends more on the space organization. Physical connectivity acts as enabler and the effects vary. This article reports on a preliminary study of how Space Syntax as a quantitative approach is applied to evaluate the effects in the case of South China University of Technology. The proposed method aims to sustain a sustainable transition toward a more adaptable relation between people and the campus environment. However, to improve understanding of spatial effects on innovation, more empirical studies must be carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an attempt to advance research on spatial potential for interdisciplinary innovation of university campuses by proposing a spatial quantitative method. The aim is to develop the campus to adapt to the new pedagogical structure of encouraging interdisciplinary innovation in the era of knowledge society. For this purpose, literature from management, psychology, and architecture are reviewed to provide insight into the relationship between innovation and physical environment. The existing research mainly focused on the characteristics of physical environment that supported individual innovative thinking or innovative interaction between people in building scale, which is relatively limited in this study for the campus scale since people are less likely to exchange academic information with strangers because of a lack of knowledge about their professional background. In this context, this research enriches the understanding of spatial potential for innovation by proposing a more effective way of increasing unexpected encounters with information, which are probably occurred while people passing by laboratories, seminars, or exhibitions of other disciplines. In this process, the unexpected encounters with information act as the medium or promotion factor for face-to-face interaction. This kind of innovative potential requires fewer conditions like acquaintance or face-to-face interaction but depends more on the space organization. Physical connectivity acts as enabler and the effects vary. This article reports on a preliminary study of how Space Syntax as a quantitative approach is applied to evaluate the effects in the case of South China University of Technology. The proposed method aims to sustain a sustainable transition toward a more adaptable relation between people and the campus environment. However, to improve understanding of spatial effects on innovation, more empirical studies must be carried out.

Few topics are currently as polarizing as the appropriate limits, and perceived dangers, of free speech on university campuses. A side effect of this polarized environment is that students themselves may be reluctant to speak publicly on politically sensitive topics. Indeed, recent surveys by the Heterodox Academy (HxA) revealed that a majority of American university students thought their campus was not conducive to the free expression of ideas, and a substantial minority were personally reluctant to discuss “hot topics” like politics or sexual orientation in class. To see whether these results are uniquely American phenomena, we reran the HxA’s survey on 791 students, recruited via advertisements, enrolled in New Zealand universities. As in the original survey, participants answered questions, administered online, about their comfort sharing their opinions on issues related to gender, politics, religion, and sexual orientation, as well as their estimates of other groups’ discomfort. Despite significant sociopolitical differences between the two countries, our results, generally speaking, bear out those in the United States. In both countries, politics elicited the most reluctance to speak, followed by religion, and then gender and sexual orientation (which were equivalent), and New Zealanders were more reluctant than Americans to speak on the latter two topics. Other similarities and differences between the two data sets are discussed, but it is clear that chilled campus speech is not confined to the United States.

The use of nonmotorized modes of transportation, mainly cycling and walking, is essential for a sustainable transportation system. University campuses, considered important trip generation hubs (TGHs), because they promote a large number of trips, need to have adequate infrastructure to encourage the use of nonmotorized modes. The present study proposed a method to calculate an index from the data on nonmotorized modes, used in university campuses, through the mapping of field attributes, allied to a geographic information system for the application of multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA), emphasizing the comfort and safety of users. The following criteria, among factors and restriction, were proposed: the length of cycling structures, the physical characteristics of cycling infrastructure, the connectivity of cycling infrastructure, the location of bicycle parking lots, parking spaces for bicycles, road signs for nonmotorized modes, roads with sidewalks, and physical-territorial fragmentation. Among the criteria analyzed, the one of roads with sidewalks in the campus achieved the best evaluation, because of the higher level of adequacy for the calculation of the index. The first three infrastructure-related criteria for cycle tracks, cycle lanes, cycle routes, and shared use paths were not scored because of the short length of bike ways and the lack of other cycling infrastructure in the studied area. The representation of the results in thematic maps made it possible to identify, in the various sectors of the surveyed area, which places need more interference to meet the minimum safety and comfort conditions of users of nonmotorized modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy, as main energy supply that sustains life on Earth, is also an unavoidable component of the complex strategy in achieving a clean and fair energy transition and goals for sustainable development by 2030. The present work studies the potential of installing Photovoltaic Distributed Generation at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Ciudad Universitaria campus. To this end, the study focuses on the electricity generation, carbon reduction and economic feasibility of solar photovoltaic systems installation using and comparing two different approaches based on data input with different time resolution, simulation software and level of details. Results show that the optimal photovoltaic power that maximizes emissions savings also ensures the best economic return, and in addition coincides with the maximum solar potential of the Campus, which is about 3.3 MW. At campus level, approximately 77% of the photovoltaic electricity production would be consumed locally, which would suppose a coverage of about 40% of the total electricity consumption. Emissions savings could reach 30% and an in-depth economic analysis indicates that the project is highly profitable. These results and methodology could be used to assess the feasibility of photovoltaic systems at other universities and help entities study the solar potential of their buildings. Image 1 • Method to assess campus PV capacity using two approaches on monthly and hourly basis. • Determining cost-optimal PV capacity for the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. • The most economically profitable PV capacity also allows the maximum emission savings. • PV generation would cover about 40% of the total electricity consumption. • PV systems would reduce about 30% the carbon dioxide emissions of the Campus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universities worldwide have had policies to combat sexual harassment since the 1980s. Nonetheless, having policies in place does not mean that universities are held accountable for the safety of their students, nor does it guarantee that perpetrators are held accountable for their deeds. While the politics of power are always at play when discussing sexual harassment, at universities it is more complex due to the hierarchy integral to their structure. This article investigates the trajectory of the Anti-Sexual Harassment and Violence Against Women Unit at Cairo University and explores how effective the implementation of the policy has been in holding the university accountable to victims of sexual harassment. Making use of accountability assessment frameworks, it explores how the university can be held accountable to victims. It focuses specifically on responsiveness, responsibility, and liability to assess the effectiveness of the anti-sexual harassment policy, and identifies loopholes that need to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article advocates the potential space for promoting public democratic environments. In recent decades, public university policies in Brazil have provided an expressive shift towards more inclusive campuses. On the other hand, the growing urban commercialization has significantly reduced diversity within the city's public areas. This study aims to highlight the relevant role that university campuses can play in providing civic areas for the city and to evaluate the spatial characteristics that facilitate democratic gatherings. In 2019, the Federal University of Santa Catarina's main campus was the stage of several events to protest against the government's reduction of the education budget. The study starts from the recognition of the university areas that house students from more diverse areas of study. Subsequently, university community assemblies have been registered within this area and their spatial attributes have been analyzed. More flexible and permeable spaces on the buildings' ground floor influenced these choices to gather and confront ideas. These findings point to solutions that go against current practices, aimed towards more protected entrances. Furthermore, they suggest directions so the university reduces its boundaries, inviting the city into its open areas through buildings that offer free services to its citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article concerns one of the basic groups of stakeholders on university campuses: students. Theoretical issues related to planning of public spaces, including university campuses, will be discussed, with particular emphasis on socializing the planning process and organization of socio-cultural events. The results of research conducted among students of culture and media management (Institute of Culture of the Jagiellonian University) will be presented. The research was conducted as part of the subject Urban projects (formerly Project management in urban space) in 2017/2018–2019/2020. The students’ task was to develop an analysis of the Jagiellonian University campus space, with particular emphasis on the building of the Faculty of Management and Social Communication (in which they defined their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats), defined the target group, and proposed actions that could improve the quality of public spaces on the Jagiellonian University Campus (implemented with low/high expenditure in the short/long term). The work was carried out in groups, in total more than 60 responses were collected. ‘Good practices’ in the field of socio-cultural student activities that liven up campus space (e.g. the Culture and Media Festival Polikultura in Krakow) will also be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares Building Control Virtual Test Bed (BCVTB) and Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) standard to conduct coupled energy modelling and control for academic and research campuses. The intent is to systematically compare BCVTB and FMI. As proof-of-concept demonstration, building energy models of Colorado School of Mines are developed in EnergyPlus and coupled through BCVTB and FMI. The coupled models in BCVTB and FMI represent a virtual campus and they are compared from different perspectives such as simulation runtime, easiness of employing simple if–then–else control, easiness of integrating other programs and feasibility to employ advanced control and optimization. Overall, FMI standard is more promising due to its (a) capability to be programmed in a multithreading manner, (b) capability to be implemented as Gauβ–Seidl and Jacobi methods of loose coupling and (c) higher feasibility to implement advanced control and optimization programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem statement: In the evolution of higher education complexes, there has always been a combination of indoor and outdoor spaces, and many examples of this can be seen in Iran, European, American and Asian countries. Research shows that college campuses have a significant impact on creating quality educational environments and can help create a sense of attachment to higher education institutions. However, the design of university campuses in Iran is often based on predetermined designs without considering the behaviors and needs of users of such spaces. Identifying and evaluating students’ needs and desires and the reasons for their use / non-use of academic spaces can help create meaningful spaces. Research objective: This study attempts to revise the design of university campuses based on behavioral studies. The case study is the campus of Babol Noshirvani University of Technology. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence campus design and strategic management of the campus in a way that impacts students’ use of campus spaces (Noshirvani University of Technology) and increase their desirability for static and social activities. Research method: The selected methodology is qualitative and based on observations and perceptions of behaviors and interviews with students. Conclusion: The results show that the maximum activity occurs in the green spaces and paths between faculties. Quiet spaces are more desirable for activities such as study and concentration. Considering the locations where furniture is installed and designing different types of furniture based on student activities and the climate can increase the desirability and effective use of students in campus open spaces. In this regard, paying attention to the design of the edges can play an effective role in university campuses located in dense urban spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ninety-one percent of deans of schools of nursing (n = 627) in 2017 reported that their campus had a smoke-free policy. • Fifty-five percent increase in smoke-free policies in campuses with schools of nursing from 2015 to 2017. • No significant differences in policy adoption by location of schools of nursing or use of web resources. In 2015, the majority of U.S. American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)-accredited schools of nursing resided on campuses without smoke-free policies. To determine the presence of smoke-free policies at AACN-accredited after resolutions from AACN and the American Academy of Nursing, and the creation of online resources. Smoke-free policies (2015-2017) were determined through listings on the ANRF College Campus Policy Database© and survey responses from nursing deans. Smoke-free policies for 689 schools of nursing increased from 36% in 2015 to 91% in 2017. There were no significant differences by nursing program types or geographic area. Twenty percent of deans reported using the resources, with over 1700-page views. Smoke-free policies increased after support from two national nursing organizations. Learning in a smoke-free environment should be an expectation for nursing students to protect their own health, and to support their future critical role in tobacco control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI) was introduced by the revised Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) 2018/844/EU, as a voluntary scheme for rating the smart readiness of buildings. The methodology addresses the benefits of smart technologies and their functionalities in buildings to offer low-energy, healthier, and environmentally comfortable buildings that balance the needs of occupants and the energy grid. This is a case study implementation of the SRI calculation to the university campus scale. The SRI methodology is applicable on a building-by-building basis; however, the assessment of large stocks and energy hubs is not addressed and will be the focus of this study. Other studies have proposed a method to extend the calculation to building clusters which, however, involves assessing all the buildings in the cluster in detail. The current case study extends to a much larger number of buildings, therefore, the assessment of each individual building was not considered effective. A critical implementation of the SRI calculation is presented here that leverages publicly available information like Display Energy Certificate (DEC) advisory recommendation reports for a university campus. A complex building is used to verify the proposed method based on the SRI detailed methodology. The proposed method provides a solution to the large-scale processing of building information across multiple complex buildings, hence benefiting decision-makers early on. Furthermore, the method benefits from the inclusion of building-specific recommendations based on DEC surveys. For the 98 buildings examined, a campus SRI score range has been estimated and focus areas have been identified as the foundation of smart energy and net-zero transition pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of longstanding debates about the meaning of toleration and current significant disagreements within society, we offer a discussion about several key areas of debate and sketch broadly some responses in higher education. Following contextual remarks about key philosophical perspectives and reference to particular disputes within society, generally in society and particularly on university campuses, about free speech relating to terrorism and 'lad culture', we draw attention to issues about toleration. These are relationship with self; the public–private interface; levels or degrees of toleration regarding action; and the limits to toleration. We then develop more precisely framed connections for a particular characterization of toleration within higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Police-reported crashes compared with self-reported crashes and safety perceptions. • Most police-reported crashes involved a vehicle, with negligible on-campus reporting. • Self-reported crashes demonstrate high crash concentrations along campus boundaries. • Safety perception concentrations are positively correlated with actual crashes. • Indication of a saturation point in the crashes-safety perceptions relationship. In this paper, the non-motorized traffic safety concerns in and around three university campuses are evaluated by comparing police-reported crash data with traffic safety information sourced from the campus communities themselves. The crowdsourced traffic safety data comprise of both self-reported crashes as well as perceived hazardous locations. The results of the crash data analysis reveal that police-reported crashes underrepresent non-motorized safety concerns in and around the campus regions. The spatial distribution of police-reported crashes shows that police-reported crashes are predominantly unavailable inside the main campus areas, and the off-campus crashes over-represent automobile involvement. In comparison, the self-reported crash results report a wide variety of off-campus collisions not involving automobiles, while also highlighting the issue of high crash concentrations along campus boundaries. An assessment of the perceived hazardous locations (PHLs) reveals that high concentrations of such observations at/near a given location have statistically significant association with both survey-reported crashes as well as future police-reported crashes. Moreover, the results indicate the presence of a saturation point in the relationship between crashes and PHLs wherein beyond a certain limit, an increasing number of traffic safety concerns may not necessarily correlate with a proportional increase in the number of crashes. These findings suggests that augmenting our existing knowledge of traffic safety through crowdsourcing techniques can potentially help in better estimating both existing as well as emerging traffic safety concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From its foundation in 1914, the University of Tucumán carried out its activities in various buildings that, as they were not designed for this purpose, had serious operational issues. In the decade of the 1940s, the Institute of Architecture and Urbanism (Instituto de Arquitectura y Urbanismo) made a proposal to build a university campus on San Javier hill. The plan followed the principles of modern urban planning and was the ideal laboratory to apply each of its postulates. Likewise, it was also the stage for the debate of two opposing positions among those who drew up the design: those who proposed the imperative rules of CIAM urbanism, and those who aspired to implement a more organic approach. In the present article, which is part of the research project: "20th Century Architecture in the NOA [Northwest Region of Argentina]: Analysis and Critical Assessment of the Architectural Production of the Modern, Late-Modern and Post-Modern Movement[s]", the goal is to establish the genesis of a large-scale project that would completely transform the landscape of San Javier hill and the history of the university. The methodology used to address the case investigates the political context of the decade between 1945 and 1955, as well as the leading actors and their circumstances, in order to understand the reasons behind the project, the positions that prevailed in the design, and the causes that motivated the paralysis of the enterprise. Today, seventy years after the start of the works, it can be a! rmed that the entire project was based on the premise of a strong national state, whose political confiicts and economic crisis contributed to its failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]