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AbstractThis study presents a novel approach for the simultaneous identification and quantification of extractable chlorinated organic carriers (COCs) from diverse materials, including textiles, foam and leather. COCs, valued for chemical synthesis, dye transfer and solvents for dye formulations. In this work, dichloromethane under ultrasonic conditions at 25 °C for 30 minutes was employed for the extraction of COCs. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) utilizing a DB-5MS column facilitated the separation and detection of target analytes. SIM ionization mode was utilized with target and qualifier ions for detection. Optimization of parameters such as extractant type, extraction method, and time resulted in high recoveries ranging from 95% to 105%. The calibration curve exhibited a range of 5 to 120 ng mL−1 with regression values of 0.996–0.998. The method demonstrated excellent precision with relative standard deviations (RSD) below 10% for test specimens and for pure standards. Limits of detection (LODs) was below 0.1 ng mL−1, indicating high sensitivity. Application of the developed method to real specimens successfully detected COCs at concentrations ranging from 2.60 to 9.94 ng mL−1, affirming its effectiveness in environmental monitoring and risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] In order to explore the extraction technology of polysaccharide from Lentinula edodes and Morchella esculenta in Shangluo. [Method]Polysaccharides were extracted from Lentinula edodes and Morchella esculenta in Shangnan County by ultrasonic assisted hot water extraction. Through single factor experiment, the effects of solid-liquid ratio, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic temperature and hot water extraction temperature on the extraction rate of Lentinula edodes and Morchella esculenta were compared. The orthogonal experiment was designed to obtain the optimum extraction process of Lentinula edodes and Morchella esculenta by ultrasonic-assisted hot water extraction. [Result] The results showed that the extraction rate of lentinan was the highest under the conditions of solid-liquid ratio 1 ∶ 60, ultrasonic time 30 min, ultrasonic temperature 40 ℃ and extraction temperature 60 ℃ . Under the conditions of solid-liquid ratio of 1 ∶ 50, ultrasonic time of 20 min, ultrasonic temperature of 40 ℃ and extraction temperature of 50 ℃, the extraction rate of polysaccharide from M. esculenta was the highest. [Conclusion]Ultrasonic assisted hot water extraction of Lentinula edodes and Morchella esculenta polysaccharide is a feasible, effective, economical extraction method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study described a quick, efficient, and eco-friendly method for producing Fe3O4-Ag nanocomposite (NC) using Mentha pulegium L. plant extract. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was employed to prepare an aqueous extract due to its speed and effectiveness. During the manufacture of Fe3O4-Ag NC, the prepared plant extracts were utilized as naturally occurring stabilizing precursors. The study also employed several methods for characterizing the synthesized NC, including X-ray diffraction patterns, which estimated the mean particle size to be 52 nm using the Deby-Scherrer equation. The successful synthesis of Fe3O4-Ag NC was approved by a broad absorption band from 400 to 425 nm in the absorption spectrum. Subsequently, the samples' antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant potentials (Fe3O4 NPs, Ag NPs, Fe3O4-Ag NC, and the extract) were investigated. Notably, the NP and NC samples showed higher antibacterial activity than the extract, wherein gram-negative bacteria were more significantly affected than gram-positive bacteria. The Fe3O4-Ag NC had MIC values of 0.062 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The Fe3O4-Ag NC was found to have a significant detrimental impact on the bacterial membranes of E. coli and S. aureus, as evidenced by the quick release of cytoplasmic components such as protein, nucleic acid, and potassium. The results also showed that the extract and Fe3O4-Ag NC samples exhibited strong antioxidant activity. The study recommends further investigation on the application of these metal nanoparticles in the water remediation, agriculture, and food industries due to their strong biological activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate kidney bean husks, extraction of pectin from this waste was carried out under hot acid and ultrasonic assisted extraction methods. Dilute solutions of different organic and inorganic acids were used as extraction solutions, and their effects on the yields and properties of the extracted pectins were investigated by making changes in extraction conditions including temperature and time. Increasing extraction temperature, longer extraction time and decreasing the pH of the medium increased the pectin yields for both methods. Pectin yields were higher when inorganic acids were used as extraction media under ultrasonic assisted extraction method. All extracted pectins are in the class of high ester pectin. The FTIR spectra of the extracted pectins and commercial pectin were very similar to each other and gave similar vibration bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Peach gum (PG) is an exudate of the peach tree (Prunus persica of the Rosaceae family), which consists primarily of polysaccharides with a large molecular weight and branching structure. Consequently, PG can only swell in water and does not dissolve easily, which severely limits its application. Current conventional extraction methods for PG polysaccharide (PGPS) are time consuming and inefficient. This study investigated the impact of ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (UAE) on PGPS structure and conformation, and their relationship to hypoglycemic activity in vitro. Results: In comparison with conventional aqueous extraction, UAE enhanced PGPS yielded from 28.07–32.83% to 80.37–84.90% (w/w) in 2 h. It drastically decreased the molecular size and conformational parameters of PGPS, including weight‐average molecular weight (Mw), number‐average molecular weight (Mn), z‐average radius of gyration (Rg), hydrodynamic radius (Rh) and instrinsic viscosity ([η]) values. Peach gum polysaccharide conformation converted extended molecules to flexible random coil chains or compact spheres with no obvious primary structure alteration. Furthermore, UAE altered the flow behavior of PGPS solution from that of a non‐Newtonian fluid to that of a Newtonian fluid. As a result, PGPS treated with UAE displayed weaker inhibitory activity than untreated PGPS, mostly because UAE weakens the binding strength of PGPS to α‐glucosidase. However, this negative effect of UAE on PGPS activity was compensated by the increased solubility of polysaccharide. This enabled PGPS to achieve a wider range of doses. Conclusion: Ultrasonic‐assisted extraction is capable of degrading PGPS efficiently while preserving its primary structure, resulting in a Newtonian fluid solution. The degraded PGPS conformations displayed a consistent correlation with their inhibitory effect on α‐glucosidase activity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this research is to study the optimization of the extraction process of total flavonoids from Ligusticum chuanxiong and its biological activity. The flavonoid components of Chuanxiong (LCTF) were extracted by ultrasonic assisted method and optimized by response surface methodology to determine the best extraction process. The obtained total flavonoid extracts were purified by AB-8 macroporous resin, and their hypoglycaemic levels and antioxidant levels were determined. The optimal conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration of 72%, extraction time of 61 min, liquid–solid ratio of 28 mL/g, extraction temperature of 40 ℃ and ultrasonic power of 320 W. The yield was (3.07 ± 0.03) mg/g, compared with (2.22 ± 0.05) mg/g obtained by conventional water extraction. The purity of total flavonoids of Ligusticum chuanxiong after purification (LCPTF) was 6.36%, which was 2.3 times higher than that of LCTF. The IC50 values of LCPTF for α-glucosidase, α-amylase, DPPH and ABTS assays were 0.024 mg/mL, 0.677 mg/mL, 0.232 mg/mL and 0.317 mg/mL, respectively. and the overall inhibition rates were positively correlated with the concentrations. The total flavonoids of Ligusticum chuanxiong exhibited high levels of inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, DPPH radicals and ABTS radicals, and the activity levels were further increased after purification, which had certain reference significance for the development and application of products related to the total flavonoids of Ligusticum chuanxiong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The study of medicinal plants has gained significant interest among researchers because of their potential for therapeutic purposes and the production of natural drugs. In Sarawak, Cassia alata is one of the native plants used for medicinal purposes, such as treatment for constipation, ringworm, and other skin diseases. This study determined the yield of extraction, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the leaf, stem, and root of C. alata using various extraction methods and solvent extractions. The extractions were performed using soxhlet extraction (SE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) with ethanol and chloroform. Among all, the extract obtained from SE with ethanol solvent (SE-EtOH) showed the highest yield in all plant parts (leaf: 28.62%, stem: 10.06%, and root: 9.79%). Meanwhile, the TPC and TFC estimated using the Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent and aluminium chloride colorimetric assay methods showed that the highest TPC and TFC were from the leaf extract obtained using UAE and chloroform (UAE-Chlo-L) with a TPC value of 117.436 mg GAE/g DW and a TFC value of 568.778 mg QE/g DW, respectively. Overall, the findings demonstrated that chloroform was an effective solvent system for all plant parts on the TPC and TFC, with the leaf part containing the greatest value, and that ultrasonic-assisted extraction was the best approach. This exploration is beneficial for the determination of methods that produce optimum yield, phenolic, and flavonoid content in C. alata's species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have emerged as promising green solvents, particularly useful in sample treatment procedures. For the first time, different types of NADES were prepared and evaluated as potential phenolic extraction solvents from tea samples (Camellia sinensis). The NADES, composed of lactic acid:glycerol:water in a molar ratio of 1:1:3, provided the best results for the simultaneous extraction of the target phenolic compounds. This NADES was also characterized by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the presence of nuclear Overhauser enhancement effects confirmed its supramolecular structure. The experimental conditions affecting the miniaturized ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) were optimized to maximize extraction efficiency by performing a design of experiments. The proposed sample treatment was combined with ultra-high performance liquid-chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-MS/MS) to determine 21 phenolic compounds including catechin derivatives and other minor compounds. The UAE-UHPLC-MS/MS method was successfully characterized and applied to the analysis of various commercial green, black, white and red tea samples. In all cases, 18 phenolic compounds were determined with concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 29,125 mg kg−1. The proposed sample treatment is a high-throughput, easy, fast and robust alternative to conventional procedures, which reduces organic solvent consumption and costs, aligned with green sample preparation principles.

[Objective] This study aimed to realize the high value-added resource utilization of walnut production waste. [Methods] Ultrasonic assisted tartaric acid was used to extract pectin from walnut peel. The extraction process was optimized by response surface test, and its lipid-lowering ability and antioxidant activity were analyzed. [Results] Under the control of the conditions of ultrasonic power of 300 W, ultrasonic temperature of 95 ℃, ultrasonic time of 27 minutes, liquid to material ratio of 19∶1 （mL/g）, and pH of 2, the yield of walnut green peel pectin was the highest, reaching 25.92 mg/g. Walnut green peel pectin had good adsorption capacity for cholesterol, binding capacity for bile salts, and inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase. Walnut green peel pectin also had strong antioxidant effects. When the concentration was 2 mg/mL, the clearance rates of hydroxyl radicals, DPPH radicals, and ABTS radicals reached （78.74±0.58）%, （91.56±1.27）%, and （97.89±0.72）%, respectively. [Conclusion] High-quality walnut green peel pectin could be obtained by optimizing the ultrasonic assisted tartaric acid extraction process. This pectin had good lipid-lowering function and antioxidant activity, and can be used as natural pectin resources for further research and development.

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To study the ultrasonic -assisted extraction (UAE) process of oil and proanthocyanidins from Pinus koraiensis seed scales, a single-factor analysis experiment was conducted with oil and proanthocyanidins yield as response values. The Box-Behnken response surface optimization method was applied to determine the optimal process conditions, which were as follows: 67% ethanol aqueous solution, liquid material ratio of 10 ∶ 1 mL/ g, tea saponin mass concentration of 0. 3%, power of 100 W, time of 20 min, water bath temperature of 50 ℃, expected yield of 21. 24% and 3. 03 mg / g respectively, actual yield of 20. 86% and 2. 98 mg / g, relative error of 1. 79% and 2. 97%. Comparison analysis revealed that UAE reached equilibrium in a relatively short time. UAE treatment increased the specific surface area of the seed powder in the solution. The order of DPPH and ABTS + free radical scavenging activities for oil and proanthocyanidins was proanthocyanidins, Ve and oil, indicating that Pinus koraiensis seed scales oil and proanthocyanidins possess good antioxidant capabilities. The use of tea saponin as an inducer for UAE extraction of oil and proanthocyanidins from Pinus koraiensis seed scales demonstrated advantages. These research findings provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth development of Pinus koraiensis seed scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The white Hypsizygus marmoreu has good flavor and nutrition, and is rich in protein. To fully develop the white Hypsizygus marmoreu protein resources, protein was extracted by traditional alkali method and ultrasonic assisted method. The protein’s physicochemical properties such as oil absorption, water holding, solubility, foamability, emulsification were analyzed. The results showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction increased the extraction rate of protein to 31.4%, which was 8% higher than the traditional alkaline method. Thermal experiments showed that the maximum weight loss rate of protein extracted by ultrasound was 311.4 ℃, and that of protein extracted by traditional alkali was 334.8 ℃. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed that the α-spiral structure decreased while the irregular curly structure increased for the protein extracted by traditional alkali method. Compared with the soybean protein isolate (SPI), at non neutral pH or the salt ion concentration of 0.5 mol/L, there was no significant difference for the emulsifying ability and stability between white Hypsizygus marmoreu protein and SPI. At the same pH, there was no significant difference in water retention and emulsification stability between the two extraction processes. At the same NaCl concentration, no significant difference was observed between the solubility, foam stability and emulsification stability. Within 25~65 ℃, the oil absorption and foaming stability of white Hypsizygus marmoreu protein showed no significant difference between that of SPI. In this range, the solubility and foamability of white Hypsizygus marmoreu protein increased firstly and then decreased with the change of temperature.

Objective: The technological conditions of ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of proanthocyanidins from Korean pine bark were optimized, and the extraction kinetics equation was fitted. The purpose was to provide theoretical and technical reference for the development and utilization of proanthocyanidins from Korean pine bark. Method: Taking the yield of procyanidins as the index, the best deep eutectic solvent system was selected. The main technological parameters of ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of proanthocyanidins from Korean pine bark were further optimized by single factor combined with response surface methodology. Through the change of the yield of proanthocyanidins under different temperature and time during the extraction process, the best kinetic model of proanthocyanidins extraction was fitted and verified. Result: The results showed that deep eutectic solvent with the molar ratio of choline chloride, glycerol and water of 1:1:4 was the best solvent for extracting proanthocyanidins from Korean pine bark. The best process parameters optimized by response surface methodology were as follows: The ratio of liquid to material was 16 mL/g, ultrasonic time was 50 min, ultrasonic temperature was 55 ℃, and ultrasonic power was 480 W. The extraction effect of proanthocyanidins from Korean pine bark was the best, and the yield of proanthocyanidins was 4.11%. Boltzman model could well fit the kinetic process of ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of proanthocyanidins (R2≥0.9768), and the validation value of the model was highly ansistent with the prediction value (R2≥0.9442). Conclusion: Ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvent could effectively promote the mass transfer of proanthocyanidins from Korean pine bark, and Boltzman model was determined to be the best kinetic model for extraction of proanthocyanidins. The extraction process could also provide reference for the extraction of relevant natural active substances.

This study focused on extracting coumarins from Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (APR) using deep eutectic solvents (DES). The process parameters were optimized using response surface methodology and characterized by projected scanning electron microscopy analysis. Methods: Eighteen types of DESs based on Choline chloride, Betaine, Sodium acetate, and Ammonium acetate were synthesized. The ultrasonic-assisted effect of these DESs on the yield of coumarins was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We studied and optimized the technological conditions for extracting coumarins from APR using a one-factor-at-a-time method and response surface methodology. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy was employed to observe the degree of fragmentation of APR powder before and after extraction with methanol solvent and DESs. The biological activity of DESs extract was evaluated using the free radical scavenging model of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazide (DPPH), while the molecular docking approach was used to explore the binding potential between the coumarins and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. The results indicated that the natural deep eutectic system with a molar ratio of betaine to ethylene glycol of 1:4 exhibited the most effective extraction. The optimum extraction conditions included a water content of 16.11 % in the DESs, a temperature of 43.52 °C, an extraction time of 59.61 min, and an extraction yield of 3.37 %. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy revealed that the cells of APR powder obtained through ultrasonically assisted treatment with DESs exhibited the most severe breakage. The experiment demonstrated that the DESs extract exhibited a high scavenging capacity for DPPH free radicals. Conclusion: DESs present as an environmentally friendly solvent option for effectively extracting coumarins from APR, indicating promising potential for substitution of organic solvents.

The increasing focus on health and well-being has sparked a rising interest in bioactive components in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. These components are gaining popularity due to their potential benefits for overall health. The growing interest has resulted in a continuous rise in demand for bioactive components, leading to the exploration of both edible and non-edible sources to obtain these valuable substances. Traditional extraction methods like solvent extraction, distillation, and pressing have certain drawbacks, including lower extraction efficiency, reduced yield, and the use of significant amounts of solvents or resources. Furthermore, certain extraction methods necessitate high temperatures, which can adversely affect certain bioactive components. Consequently, researchers are exploring non-thermal technologies to develop environmentally friendly and efficient extraction methods.Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) is recognized as an environmentally friendly and highly efficient extraction technology. The UAE has the potential to minimize or eliminate the need for organic solvents, thereby reducing its impact on the environment. Additionally, UAE has been found to significantly enhance the production of target bioactive components, making it an attractive method in the industry. The emergence of ultrasonic assisted extraction equipment (UAEE) has presented novel opportunities for research in chemistry, biology, pharmaceuticals, food, and other related fields. However, there is still a need for further investigation into the main components and working modes of UAEE, as current understanding in this area remains limited. Therefore, additional research and exploration are necessary to enhance our knowledge and optimize the application of UAEE. The core aim of this review is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the principles, benefits and impact on bioactive components of UAE, explore the different types of equipment used in this technique, examine the various working modes and control parameters employed in UAE, and provide a detailed overview of the blending of UAE with other emerging extraction technologies. In conclusion, the future development of UAEE is envisioned to focus on achieving increased efficiency, reduced costs, enhanced safety, and improved reliability. These key areas of advancement aim to optimize the performance and practicality of UAEE, making it a more efficient, cost-effective, and reliable extraction technology.

The current study focuses on optimization of process parameters for ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). Three parameters of UAE process, amplitude, time and solvent to seed (S:S) ratio were selected in the range of 20–40 %, 15–45 min and 2–6 mL/g respectively and optimized on the basis of responses viz. yield, total phenolic compounds (TPC), squalene content and induction time of oil. The optimum process conditions of UAE were obtained as amplitude- 34.76 %, time- 34.37 min and the S:S ratio 6 mL/g. Under these optimum conditions, the oil showed good yield 39.05 %, TPC 45.02 mg GAE/g, squalene content 447.4 mg/100 g and induction time 5.27 h. The ANN model was developed using multilayer perceptron (MLP) and trained with back propagation algorithm utilizing training data set. The results indicate that the predicted values of responses by ANN model were in good agreement with the experimental values than the RSM model. The UAE-PSO showed better retention of bioactive compounds along with far better oil stability as compared to SE-PSO. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed the random porous pores and rupture cell wall matrix in UAE treated seed powder.

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To extract polyphenols in Dendrobium nobilis flower (DNF) through a green process method and to evaluate its antioxidant activity in vitro. Methods: Using PEG 200 as solvent, the single factors tests and response surface experiments were conducted to optimize the extraction conditions on the yield of polyphenols from DNF. AB-8 macroporous resin adsorption technology was applied for the enrichment of the above polyphenols and the recycling of PEG 200. The ABTS and DPPH assays were performed to investigate the antioxidant properties of those polyphenols. Results: The optimal parameters were as follows: The solvent volume fraction was 55%, the liquid-solid ratio was 38:1 mL·g−1, the ultrasonic time was 99 min, the ultrasonic temperature was 80 ℃. The polyphenols yield could reached up to 338.88 mg·g−1 in these conditions. Within the test concentration range, the antioxidant capacity in vitro of those polyphenols was similar to that of ascorbic acid. The IC50 of ABTS and IC50 of DPPH free radicals of the polyphenols were 4.486 and 2.792 mg·mL−1 respectively. Conclusion: The green solvent PEG 200 can be used for the extraction of polyphenols from Dendrobium nobilis flower and can be reused; the in vitro antioxidant capacity of the extracted polyphenols is strong, which has good prospects for development and application.

Green extractive methods accompanied by resource conservation through process optimization are important in working towards sustainable processes. In the present paper, rutin was extracted from the leaf of female Carica papaya Linn using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), sequential microwave ultrasound-assisted extraction (MUAE), and sequential ultrasound microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE) methods. Subsequently, the effect of extraction parameters on rutin yield were analyzed and compared. In addition, the extraction efficiency and energy consumption of the extraction processes were measured and discussed. In the present study, solid-liquid (S/L) ratio was determined to be the most significant extraction variable. Under optimized conditions, MUAE and UMAE were determined to yield the highest amount of rutin extracted at 18.46 ± 0.64 mg/g and 18.43 ± 0.81 mg/g, respectively. However, MUAE was determined to be the least resource efficient method as it consumed the highest amount of energy due to its relatively long extraction time. UAE was determined to be the most efficient in resource utilization as it required the least amount of energy for every mg/g of yield extracted, while the yield obtained was, nonetheless, comparatively high. The optimal condition obtained for UAE was 20 min of ultrasonic extraction time (TU), 20 % of ethanol mixture concentration (C), 710 μm of particle size (S), and 1:650 wt/wt of solid-liquid (S/L) ratio (R).

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The effects of different extraction methods on polysaccharide content and antioxidant activity of northern Ban-Lan-Gen were investigated. The polysaccharide of northern Ban-Lan-Gen was extracted by conventional reflux extraction method and ultrasonic assisted reflux extraction method. The total polysaccharide content was determined by phenol-sulfuric acid spectrophotometry. DPPH free radical and ABTS+ free radical scavenging assays were used to evaluate their antioxidant activity in vitro. The results show that the yield of polysaccharide extracted by ultrasonic assisted reflux extraction method was 40.07%, which was significantly higher than that by conventional reflux extraction method (13.42%). The phenol-sulfuric acid method has high precision, repeatability, stability and good recovery, which can be used to study the polysaccharide content of northern Ban-Lan-Gen prepared by different extraction methods. The polysaccharide content of ultrasonic assisted reflux extraction method was 22.3% higher than that of conventional reflux extraction method, and the scavenging effects of DPPH· and ABTS+· was significantly better than that of conventional reflux extraction method. The results provide a reference for the application of ultrasonic technology in the extraction of polysaccharide of northern Ban-Lan-Gen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study focused on improving comprehensive utilization rate of ziziphi spinosae semen resources. Methods: With the ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, solid-liquid ratio, ethanol volume fraction and ultrasonic temperature as the influencing factors, and the extraction rate of isovitexin-glucopyranoside in ziziphi spinosae semen as the index, the extraction process parameters of isovitexin-glucopyranoside were optimized by response surface methodology. Results: The optimal extraction conditions of isovitexin-glucopyranoside were ultrasonic power 405 W, ultrasonic time 60 min, solid-liquid ratio 1∶16 （g/mL） and ethanol volume fraction 75%. Under the control of these conditions, the extraction rate of isovitexin-glucopyranoside was 0.705%, which was close to the predicted value （0.719%）, indicating that the predicted value of the extraction rate of isovitexin-glucopyranoside fit well with the actual situation. Conclusion: The ultrasonic assisted extraction of isovitexin-glucopyranoside is stable and reliable with high extraction rate.

Eleocharis dulcis Burm.f. Trin. ex Hensch, has been empirically used in Chinese folk medicine to treat cough, laryngitis, hepatitis, enteritis, hypertension, and pharyngitis. The study is aimed to compare the phytochemical components, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of hexane (H), ethyl acetat (EA), and methanol extracts (MeOH) extracts obtained by Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) method. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) by quercetin method. Antioxidants activity using the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP method. The inhibition zone of antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration with microdilution method. Results of the extracts' total phenolic and flavonoid contents showed that EA has a higher content of these phytochemicals. The EA also exhibited a higher zone of inhibition for each concentration against Aeromonas hydrophila (AHA), Aeromonas salmonicida (AS), and Streptococcus agalactiae (SA). The MIC of EA against AHA and AS was 6.25 mg/mL and 3.125 mg/mL, respectively. All extracts were effective against SA with MIC of 1.5625 mg/mL. Similarly, the EA extract showed better antibacterial activity against all the tested bacteria strains than the H and MeOH extracts. Also, the EA extract exhibited better antioxidant activity compared to others, with IC50 values of 52.830 ± 0.271 ppm, 16.923 ± 0.047 ppm and 198.504 ± 1.490 µmol/g in the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays, respectively. The study concludes that the EA extract of E. dulcis possesses better antibacterial and antioxidant activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jujube is a widely grown agricultural product. In order to avoid the waste of resources and improve the added value of the blackened jujube, the blackened jujube was processed under certain temperature and humidity conditions. At present, there are relatively few researches on polysaccharides of blackened jujube. The selection of extraction method is very important for the study and utilization of plant polysaccharides. Ultrasonic assisted extraction technology has been widely used in polysaccharide extraction for its advantages of environmental protection, economy and high extraction rate. In order to fully tap the utilization potential of polysaccharides from blackened jujube, the ultrasonic assisted extraction technology of polysaccharides from blackened jujube was optimized. Based on the optimal conditions obtained by response surface analysis, the extraction rate of polysaccharide was as high as 12.75 ± 0.05%. The IC 50 values of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical and superoxide anion were 2.604 mg/mL, 0.754 mg/mL and 8.069 mg/mL, respectively. The blackened jujube polysaccharide (BJP) was mainly composed of rhamnose (Rha), arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal) and galacturonic acid (Gal-UA), with a molecular weight of 1.42 × 106 Da, and the surface was a dense network structure with voids. The results showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction could extract polysaccharides more economically and efficiently. In this study, the polysaccharide extracted from blackened jujube has natural antioxidant effect, which may be related to the high content of galacturonic acid in polysaccharide and the molecular chain structure of polysaccharide can be destroyed by ultrasonic wave. As a kind of natural antioxidant, blackened jujube polysaccharide has important application value in functional products in food and medicine industries. • Optimization of ultrasonic assisted extraction of Blackened jujube polysaccharide. • Blackened jujube polysaccharide had effective antioxidant activity. • The structure of Blackened jujube polysaccharide were characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft drinks are carbonated drinks that are popular among people because providing a refreshing taste when consumed. Attractive colors in soft drinks are the main attraction for consumers. Anthocyanin compounds from telang flowers are one of the natural colors that have no negative effects on the body. The application of anthocyanin compounds in soft drinks that have an acidic pH can also maintain the stability of the anthocyanins of telang flowers. This research was conducted to investigate the potential use of telang flower extract as a natural colorant in soft drinks. The extraction method used was an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method using distilled water with the addition of 0.05 % acetic acid. Extraction conditions was performed with a ratio of 0.02 (w/v); extraction time 90 minutes; and 65 % amplitude. The results of the study showed that the telang flower extract has the potential as a natural colorant in soft drinks. The addition of telang flower extract to colorless soft drinks could produce a more attractive color, namely blue-purple, with a lightness of L* 16.42; redness color intensity a* 25.77; yellowness color intensity b* -41.59; chroma 48.93; and the pH value 4.8, respectively. At refrigerator temperature storage (4-5 °C), the optimal beverage storage technique indicates a color change that was close to stable.

Banana blossom is a source of anthocyanin that is potentially utilized as natural dyes in the food industry. Anthocyanin from banana blossom can be extracted using Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) and maceration method. Extraction using ultrasonic causes cavitation effect thereby provide an efficiency of extraction time if compared with maceration method. This study aimed to determine the effect of the duration of sonication treatment on total anthocyanin in banana blossom extract. Experimental design applied in this research is randomized block design with five treatments: maceration for 24 hours, sonication: 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes and 20 minutes. Sonication was carried out at 40 kHz. Parameters determined were anthocyanin content, color (L*, a*, b*), morphological structure and total soluble solid. The results showed that sonication time did not significantly affect the total anthocyanin of banana blossom extract. Total anthocyanin of banana blossom extract with sonication time treatment ranged from 86.32 mg/L to 87.31 mg/L. The selected treatment for banana blossom extraction using UAE was 5 minutes sonication. This treatment resulted in a total anthocyanin concentration of 87.31 mg/L, which has comparable to the 24 hours maceration method. The color parameter (L*, a*, b*) and total soluble solid of the banana blossom extract with 5 minutes sonication was 28.67, 12.54, 17.92 and 8.32 %Brix, respectively. Meanwhile, the morphological structure showed formation of pores on the surface of banana blossom cells.

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In this study, the extraction of phenolic compounds from olive leaves by ultrasonic assisted method and the solvent type (ethanol and ethyl acetate); solvent: water concentration (90:10 (v/v), 80:20 (v/v), 70:30 (v/v)) and solid/solvent ratio (1:10, 1:15 and 1:20 (w/v)) were determined. The highest extraction yield (%), total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity values were determined for 1:20 (w/v) solids/solvent ratio and 90:10% (v/v) ethanol-water mixture. In the ultrasonic assisted extraction method; The effects of temperature, time and ultrasonic amplitude on extraction efficiency, total phenolic substance and antioxidant capacity were investigated using Box Behnken experimental design, and optimum time was determined as 5.31 min, temperature 39.27°C and amplitude 40.51%. Then, the oleuropein-rich extract was encapsulated using the ionic gelation method, and the effects of extract concentration, chitosan concentration and waiting time on the encapsulation efficiency and total phenolic content were optimized using CCRD experimental design. In the encapsulation process, the optimum conditions were determined as 1.04%, the extract concentration; 0.5%, the chitosan concentration and 11.24 min, the waiting time. In addition, it was determined that microcapsules added to kefir produced for functional food did not show an inhibitory effect on LAB bacteria and suppressed the bitter taste and aroma of the extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using honeysuckle as raw material, chlorogenic acid (CGA) was extracted with different alcohols. Based on the single-factor experiment design, the relationship between each parameter and the response value was explored by Box–Behnken method to optimize the process conditions. Best extraction results were obtained under the conditions of solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, the ultrasonic time of 40 min, the ultrasonic vibrator power of 240 w, and the CGA extraction rate of 2.98%. The experimental data show that the extraction rate of CGA is related to the length of the alcohol carbon chain and the number of hydroxyl groups in the extractant. The results from this work can provide technical basis for the safe and efficient production of CGA from honeysuckle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, peanut protein was extracted from peanut meal by alkaline solution and acid precipitation. The content of peanut protein was 87.7% by Kjeldahl method. Peanut polypeptides were prepared by ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic method. The effects of enzyme type, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, substrate concentration, enzyme addition amount and enzymolysis time on α-amylase inhibitory peptide were investigated using the yield of polypeptide and α-amylase inhibition rate as indexes. The optimal protease was flavor protease. Response surface test was designed to optimize the enzymolysis conditions on the basis of single factor. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: Ultrasonic power 150 W, ultrasonic time 30 min, liquid-solid ratio 20:1 mL/g, enzyme dosage 5000 U/g, enzymolysis time 2 h. Under these conditions, the yield of polypeptide was 41.92%, and the inhibitory rate of α-amylase was 50.62%, which was significantly higher than that of peanut polypeptide α-amylase which was 35.45% without ultrasonic assistance. According to the optimal process of α-amylase inhibitory peptide, the hydrolysate was separated by ultrafiltration and obtained four different fractions >10 kDa, 5~10 kDa, 3~5 kDa and

Walnut oil is extremely nutrient dense. It has plenty of oil and is high in fatty acids, which have positive biological properties and have a favorable impact on blood lipids and lipoproteins. Walnut oil is low in saturated fatty acids and high in unsaturated fatty acids as well as being high in other vital nutrients. Walnut oil can be extracted using traditional as well as new and green technologies. It is low in saturated fatty acids and high in unsaturated fatty acids (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids) as well as being high in other vital nutrients (e.g., selenium, phosphorus, and zinc). Walnut oil can be extracted using traditional as well as new and green technologies. The chosen extraction method has a significant impact on the lipids and other important components extracted. It is critical to select a suitable extraction process for the compounds of interest. In this study, different extraction methods are reviewed, demonstrating the significant benefits of new methods over previous approaches. New green technologies are ecologically benign and allow for shorter extraction times and yields that are comparable to those obtained using traditional methods. The new green technologies allow for higher-quality oils that are less vulnerable to oxidation processes than most of the old technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A process for extraction of artemisinin (Ars) from Artemisia annua L. based on aqueous solution of cyclodextrin derivative under ultrasonic irradiation was proposed. Among the test additives, the system containing edible hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) was shown to be efficient for this extraction. The optimal extraction conditions were predicted by artificial neural network, under which the extraction amount of Ars could reach 8.66 mg per gram of the leaves, much higher than the value in water (1.70 mg g-1). Kinetics study indicated that HPBCD enhanced the equilibrium amount of Ars in water, and ultrasonic irradiation accelerated extraction rate and reduced the activation energy. Mechanism study showed that the formation of Ars-HPBCD complex during extraction enhanced the water solubility of Ars and facilitated the extraction, and the configuration of Ars-HPBCD complex was modeled by molecular docking, which was further verified by characterizations. This work provides a convenient way to fabricate the traditional tea-based medicament of natural drugs to make production of this famous antimalarial medicine cheaper.

This study investigated the dynamic degradation process of peach gum polysaccharide (PGPS) within ultrasonic field. The results show that the molecular weight, intrinsic viscosity, and polydispersity of PGPS were rapidly reduced within the initial 30 min and then gradually decreased. The solubility of PGPS was drastically improved from 3.0% to 40.0–42.0% (w/w) after 120 min. The conformation of PGPS changed from an extended chain to a flexible random coil within initial time of ultrasound, and gradually tended to be compact spheres. The apparent viscosity of PGPS significantly decreased after 30 min, and PGPS solution exhibited a near-Newtonian fluid behavior. It is possible that these above changes are a result of random cleavage of the decrosslinking and the backbone of PGPS, resulting in the preservation of its primary structure. The results will provide a fundamental basis for orientation design and process control of ultrasonic degradation of PGPS. [Display omitted] • Ultrasonic degradation of peach gum polysaccharide followed a two-stage process. • Decrosslinking was the main process in the first stage for 0–30 min. • Dissolving was the main process occurring in the second stage for 30–120 min. • The whole degradation process followed a random chain scission mechanism. • Solubility of degradation products increased to about 40.0% (w/w) after 120 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Phaseolus vulgaris L. has beneficial effects on several chronic non-communicable diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases) related to oxidative stress. This redox state may influence platelet activation and aggregation; which is crucial in thrombus formation. In this work, the antiplatelet and antioxidant potential of aqueous extracts obtained by green processes, microwave-assisted extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction, from 25 landraces of common beans were investigated. Phenol content and antioxidant potential were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, total monomeric anthocyanin and ORAC assay, respectively. The antiplatelet potential of the extracts was explored by turbidimetry. Microwave extraction showed higher phenol content and antioxidant activity in most extracts. Soja landrace extract obtained by microwave-assisted extraction showed higher phenol content and antioxidant activity (893.45 ± 87.30 mg GAE/g and 35,642.85 ± 2588.88 ORAC μmolTE/g, respectively). Although most of the extracts obtained by microwave-assisted extraction showed antiplatelet activity, the extract of Hallado Aleman landrace obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction (IC50 = 0.152 ± 0.018 mg/mL) had the highest antiplatelet potential. The extraction method, MAE and UAE, influences the biological potential of the beans, specifically the antiplatelet activity and antioxidant activity. The functional value of this legume for direct consumption by the population was evidenced, as well as its inclusion in food formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the extraction technology of chlorogenic acid, rutin and hyperin from the leaves of Sorbus alnifolia, and provide reference for the extraction of other chemical components, the leaves of Sorbus alnifolia were used as raw materials, and the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solution was used as solvent to extract three active substances, chlorogenic acid, rutin and hyperin by ultrasonic assisted method. Based on five single factor experiments of ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic temperature, liquid-material ratio and mass fraction of extraction solvent, the Box-Behnken response surface method was designed to optimize the extraction process and verified. Results showed that: the optimum process parameters were determined as follows: ultrasonic power 405 W, ultrasonic time 40 min, ultrasonic temperature 60 ℃, liquid-solid ratio 20∶1（mL/g）, extraction solvent mass fraction 2%. The yields of chlorogenic acid, rutin and hyperin were 2.13%±0.06%, 0.54%±0.02% and 0.19%±0.02%, which was consistent with the theoretical predicted values of 2.14%, 0.54% and 0.19%. Compared with Soxhlet extraction, the yield of three active substances in Sorbus alnifolia was slightly improved. The optimized extraction process has the characteristics of high stability and high yield, and has a good application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia has one of the highest rates of cigarette consumption in the world, and it has been estimated that up to 75% of cigarette butts end up in nature, where they damage the environment. Since 2019, a new species of armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda or the fall armyworm) has been attacking maize plants in Indonesia. Therefore, it is proposed to use cigarette butts in the production of a bioinsecticide to control this armyworm. Tobacco, the main ingredient in cigarettes, contains various compounds that can be used as insecticides. These compounds can be extracted using an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method and a variety of solvents, namely, aquadest, 96% ethanol, and NADES as green solvent. The highest extract yield was 27.2±2.0% and the highest mortality rate for the fall armyworm occurred with 96% ethanol extract. The 16-Hentriacontanone compound with the highest peak area of 22.67% was obtained using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) instrument. All compounds obtained from the GC/MS instrument were simulated with molecular docking to the acetylcholinesterase receptor. The highest docking score was -10.3 kcal/mol for 2,3-Dimethyl-5,6-diphenyl-1,7-dihydrodipyrrolo pyridine and 16-Hentriacontanone, which had a 100% similarity of interactions with the control ligand.

Anredera cordifolia [Ten] Steenis has been proven to have pharmacological activity that is thought to be influenced by the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. However, both compounds are found in small concentrations through conventional extraction (maceration, decoction, soxhlet, and reflux). This study aims to prove that the ultrasonic assisted extraction method can obtain higher concentrations of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Dried binahong leaves were extracted using ultrasonic assisted extraction with 70% ethanol. Phenolic levels were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu, while flavonoid levels were determined using the colorimetric aluminum method. The results showed binahong leaves ethanolic extract had phenolic levels of 10.16 % GAE and flavonoid levels of 10.58 % QE. These results are much higher than the results obtained using conventional extraction so that ultrasonic assisted extraction can be recommended to maximize the extraction of phenolic and flavonoid levels from the leaves of Binahong (Anredera cordifolia [Ten] Steenis).

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A new method was established for the determination of extractable flame retardants (FRs) from textile, foam, leather and plastic test specimens. The FRs were extracted with toluene from test specimens using ultrasonic-assisted extraction with an extraction time of 60 min at 60ºC. FRs were separated on a DB-XLB column using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with helium (99.9%) as a carrier gas. One target and two qualifier ions were selected for target analyte under SIM/SCAN mode. Pre-treatment parameters were optimised, including the type of extractant, extraction method and extraction time. Under optimised conditions, recoveries of target compounds ranged from 90% to 100.8%. Calibration curve working range was from 0.25 to 5.0 mg L−1 with regression value 0.996–0.998. Relative standard deviation was <15% for test specimens and <10% for pure standards, respectively. Limit of detections were lower than 0.02 mg L−1 level. The proposed method was successfully used for the determination of actual specimens with concentrations ranging from 1.20 to 18.34 mg L−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)