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Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to compare thiol/disulfide homeostasis and clinical parameters of rosacea patients across skin subtypes of the disease and healthy controls. Methods: This prospective study included 90 rosacea patients with different skin subtypes (phymatous, erythematotelangiectatic and papulopustular) and ocular involvement and 30 healthy controls. Plasma native thiol (NT), total thiol (TT) and disulfide levels of the patients and controls were measured using an automated spectrophotometric method, and disulfide/native thiol ratio (DNTR), disulfide/total thiol ratio (DTTR) and native thiol/total thiol ratio (NTTR) were calculated. Tear breakup time (TBUT), meiboscore, Schirmer, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and rosacea-specific quality of life scale (RosaQoL) were measured clinically. Results: Disulfide, DNTR and DTTR were significantly higher, and NT, TT and NTTR were significantly lower in the rosacea patients compared to the controls (p < 0.001). TBUT and Schirmer were significantly lower, and meiboscore and OSDI were significantly higher in the patients compared to the controls (p < 0.01). According to the skin subtypes, disulfide, DNTR and DTTR were significantly higher, and NTTR was significantly lower in the erythematotelangiectatic subtype compared to the other subtypes (p < 0.002). TBUT was significantly lower, and RosaQol was significantly higher in the erythematotelangiectatic subtype (p < 0.0083). Strong correlations were found between DNTR and TBUT and between DNTR and Meiboscore in all subtypes (p < 0.005), while there were strong correlations between DNTR and OSDI and between DNTR and RosaQol only in the erythematotelangiectatic and papulopustular subtypes (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The thiol/disulfide homeostasis shifted towards disulfides, an indicator of oxidative stress in rosacea, and this was more pronounced in the erythematotelangiectatic subtype. The impairment in TBUT and RosaQol was also more prominent in the erythematotelangiectatic subtype and strongly associated with the DNTR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context. Oxidative products take part in various physiological processes and overproduction of oxidative products is involved in the etiology of many diseases. Objectives. We aimed to evaluate thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH); one of the oxidative stress parameters, in girls with premature thelarche (PT) and precocious puberty (PP). Design. This case-control study was conducted between January 2022 and July 2022. Subjects and Methods. TDH parameters, involving native thiol (NT), disulfide, and total thiol (TT), were evaluated in 39 girls with PT, 41 girls with PP and 46 healthy prepubertal girls. The correlations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2) levels with the TDH parameters were determined and ROC curve analysis was performed. Results. NT, TT and NT/TT ratio were higher in the PT and PP groups compared to the control group (p<0.01). Disulfide/NT ratio and disulfide/TT ratio were lower in the PT and PP groups compared to the control group (p<0.05). All the TDH values did not statistically differ between the PP and PT group (p>0.05). There was a positive correlation between LH level, FSH level, and NT level, TT level, NT/TT ratio. The best parameter to discriminate PT or PT and control groups were NT and TT (p<0.01). Conclusion. TDH is altered in girls with PT and PP. NT and TT levels can be useful to discriminate prepubertal girls with lipomastia and girls with PP and PT in clinical practice. Further studies on larger cohorts of patients are required to clarify our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extracts of Glaucium grandiflorum have been used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Nonetheless, no former study has investigated whether the alkaloid extracts of G. grandiflorum have antioxidative effects against oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to determine the antioxidative effects of the alkaloid extracts of G. grandiflorum with a variety of targets and probable mechanisms. First, we used spectrophotometry to investigate alkaloid extracts with respect to their alkaloid amounts. Then, we determined the alkaloid extracts' impact on thiol/disulfide homeostasis, total oxidant status/total antioxidant status/oxidative stress index, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Finally, the effects of alkaloid extracts on the genes in the NRF2-KEAP1 pathway were determined via qRT-PCR. We conducted molecular docking analyses to determine the potential binding of isoquinoline alkaloids found within the alkaloid extracts with target proteins. We observed the best results from chloroform alkaloid extract and methanol alkaloid extract. Chloroform alkaloid extract was prominent in DPPH radical scavenging and metal ions chelating, and methanol alkaloid extract showed significant hydroxyl radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. Alkaloid extract groups substantially increased in total thiol activity, native thiol activity, disulfide activity, total antioxidant status level, antioxidant enzyme levels, and gene expression levels (GCLC, HO-1, NRF2, and NQO1) compared to the H2O2 group. Also, alkaloid extract groups led to a significant drop in total oxidant status level, oxidative stress index level, and KEAP1 gene expression level relative to the H2O2 group. According to our study results, oxidative stress brought about by H2O2 was regulated by alkaloid extracts. As a result, a phytochemical-based therapeutic that regulates H2O2-induced oxidative stress was brought to the neurochemical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this presented article is to analyze the correlation between thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTCA) and to investigate whether there is an effect of TDH on the development of PTCA. Materials and Methods: Preoperative venous blood sampling was obtained from the patients having applied to our hospital due to euthyroid nodular goiter and detected with suspected malignancy or malignant cytology in FNAB, according to the BETHESDA system. Those whose postoperative histopathological results proved the presence of PTCA were involved in this study. Healthy volunteers who were without any thyroid nodules and thyroid dysfunction. Results: The number of participants in the patient and control groups was 34 and 101, respectively. Compared to the control group, native thiol (µmol/L), total thiol (µmol/L), and native thiol/total thiol × 100 values were ascertained to be lower in the patient group with PTCA; however, these values were not statistically significant. Disulfide, disulfide/native thiol × 100, and disulfide/total thiol × 100 values were detected to be lower in the patient group with PTCA, but not statistically significant. When the patients with PTCA were assessed within themselves, TDH parameters were not associated with the PTCA subtype, the number of foci, the presence of lymphovascular invasion, and the presence of metastatic lap. Conclusion: Considering the parameters of PTCA and TDH, the results were not statistically significant. And besides postoperative histopathological findings such as the PTCA subtype, the number of foci, the presence of lymphovascular invasion, and presence of metastatic lap were not correlated with THD parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of neuregulin4 (Nrg4) in the etiopathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and thiol/disulfide homeostasis as an indicator of oxidative stress. This prospective, case-control study included 34 women with diabetes and 34 healthy pregnant women who applied between January 2017 and January 2020. Levels of native and total thiol, disulfide and Nrg4 were measured in both diabetes mellitus and healthy pregnant groups. When compared to the control group, the serum neuregulin4 levels in the diabetes group were considerably lower (3.22 ± 2.16 vs. 4.55 ± 0.96, p < 0.001). Native thiol (292.67 ± 43.65 vs. 366.40 ± 51.28; p < 0.001), total thiol (388.60 ± 46.60 vs. 414.52 ± 54.19; p < 0.001) levels and native thiol/total thiol ratio (75.51 ± 8.95 vs. 88.35 ± 3.54; p < 0.001) were lower in diabetes group compared to control group. Disulfide level (47.96 ± 19.52 vs. 24.06 ± 7.69) and disulfide/native thiol (17.13 ± 8.03, vs. 6.67 ± 2.30) and disulfide/total thiol (12.24 ± 4.47 vs. 5.82 ± 1.77) ratios were higher in diabetes group (all p < 0.001). We suggested that decreased Nrg4 level and impaired oxidative stress parameters may be related with the increased risk of diabetes. However, we did not found a correlation between the Nrg4 and oxidative stress parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective β-thalassemia major (β-TM) is a hemoglobinopathy characterized by reduced or absent β-globin production. A balance remains between the production of free radicals and suppression of increased levels of reactive oxygen species by the antioxidant system. This study aimed to examine thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) and serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels to evaluate the oxidant/antioxidant balance in healthy children and persons with β-TM receiving and not receiving chelation therapy. Methods This prospective study was carried out from January to June 2021 among 46 individuals with β-TM and 35 healthy controls. A spectrophotometric method was used to analyze TDH and IMA concentrations. Results We found that, compared to controls, native thiol (NT) (P =.048) and total thiol (TT) (P =.027) values were lower in the patient group, whereas disulfide (P <.001), disulfide/native thiol (D/NT) (P =.004), disulfide/total thiol (D/TT) (P =.005), native thiol/total thiol (NT/TT) (P =.004) and IMA (P =.045) values were higher. NT and TT levels were significantly lower in the chelation− group compared to the chelation+ and control groups (P =.002, P =.001). D/NT, D/TT, and NT/TT levels were higher in the chelation+ group than the control group (P =.007), and IMA levels were significantly higher in the chelation+ and chelation− groups compared to the control group (P =.002). The receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that IMA levels were significantly higher in the children with β-TM not taking regular chelation therapy. Conclusion Thiol/disulfide homeostasis was observed to be weakened in children with β-TM in our study. Our findings show that when children with β-TM do not receive regular chelation therapy, their oxidant imbalance worsens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The role of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in the development of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is controversial. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate Thiol/disulfide Homeostasis and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) levels in patients with EH without atypia. Materials and Methods: In this prospective case-control study, patients with EH without atypia (HP group) (n=28), patients with nonhyperplasia (proliferative/secretory/irregular proliferative/irregular secretory endometrium) (non-HP group) (n=28), and 28 healthy women (control group) were included. The patient's clinical characteristics, serum Thiol/disulfide parameters, and IMA levels were compared between groups. Results: A total of 84 patients were included in the study. Patients’ mean age, BMI, and mean native thiol (-SH-), total thiol (-SH-+-SS-), disulfide (-SS-), and IMA levels were similar among the three groups. The -SS- /-SH- ratio was higher in the HP group than the non-HP group. -SS- /-SH-+-SS- ratio was higher in the HP group vs. the other two groups. The -SS- /-SH-+-SS ratio was higher in the HP group vs. the non-HP group. -SH-/ -SH-+-SS- ratio was lower in the HP group than in the non-HP group. ET was greater in the HP group than in the non-HP and control groups. ET was also significantly greater in the non-HP group vs. in the control group. -SS-/-SH- ratio was found to be predictive with 64% sensitivity and 68% specificity for EH (area under curve = 0.672, p = 0.01). Conclusion and Suggestions: The dynamic thiol/disulfide balance shifted to the disulfide side in women with endometrial hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE: Triple-A syndrome occurs due to the dysfunction of the ALADIN protein as a result of a mutation in the AAAS gene. ALADIN is involved in redox homeostasis in human adrenal cells and steroidogenesis. It has also been shown to have important roles in DNA repair and the protection of cells against oxidative stress. We planned to investigate serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis, which is a part of redox hemostasis in patients with Triple- A syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included patients with the Triple-A syndrome (26 patients) and healthy children (26 patients). Thiol and disulfide levels of patients and healthy groups were compared. In addition, patients with the Triple-A syndrome were divided into 2 subgroups according to the mutation type, and their thiol and disulfide levels were compared. RESULTS: Triple-A syndrome patients had increased native thiol (SH), total thiol (SH+SS) concentrations, and native thiol/total thiol (SH/SH+SS) ratios than healthy controls. However, Triple-A syndrome patients had lowered disulfide (SS), disulfide/native thiol (SS/SH), and disulfide/total thiol (SS/SH+SS) ratios than the controls. When the group with the p.R478* mutation and the group with other mutation were compared, disulfide level, disulfide/native thiol ratio, and disulfide/total thiol ratio were statistically higher in the group with the p.R478* mutation, while native thiol/total thiol ratio was found to be lower. However, no statistical difference was found between native thiol and total thiol levels. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study in the literature to evaluate thiol-disulfide homeostasis in patients with the Triple-A syndrome. Patients with Triple-A syndrome had an increased level of thiol compared with healthy controls. Comprehensive studies are needed to clarify these thiol levels, which are thought to be compensatory. Also, mutation type affects thiol-disulfide levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is closely related to lipid disorders and increased oxidant stress, and is associated with cardiovascular diseases. Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine thiol/disulfide homeostasis and oxidative stress in MetS patients with postprandial lipemia (PPL) during fasting by considering time-dependent changes in the postprandial period. Methods: Twenty-five patients with MetS and 25 healthy controls underwent a 6-h oral fat tolerance test. Dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis (native thiol, disulfide, and total thiol) values and total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI): (TOS/TAS) were evaluated. Results: Increased levels of disulfide, and higher disulfide/native thiol ratio, TOS, and OSI values were observed at fasting and in the postprandial period in MetS compared to the control group, peaking at the 4th hour in both groups (p < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that both fasting and 4th hour disulfide/native thiol ratios exhibited the highest values. Higher disulfide/native thiol ratio values were observed at the 4th hour and higher OSI in the 2nd hour in the upper tertiles for MetS (p < 0.05). Conclusions: An increased disulfide/native thiol ratio and OSI level elevation in MetS may be closely associated with PPL. The disulfide/native thiol ratio in MetS subjects with PPL may play a role for evaluating oxidative stress, especially in postprandial 4th hour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been suggested that the deterioration in the antioxidant defense system due to thiols may cause the pro-oxidant/antioxidant imbalance seen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was conducted to evaluate thiol/disulfide (−SH/−SS) homeostasis in patients with RA compared to healthy controls, and to validate the limited number of studies examining the relationship between Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28) and thiol parameters. A total of 100 individuals (mean age: 46.3 ± 12.03) consisting of 86 females and 14 males were included in the RA group, and a total of 100 individuals (mean age: 43.3 ± 10.96 years) consisting of 78 females and 22 males were included in the control group. DAS28 was used to assess RA disease activity. −SH/−SS homeostasis parameters were measured using the automated spectrophotometric method described by Erel and Neselioğlu. While native thiol (−SH) (p:0.001), total thiol (−SH + −SS) (p < 0.0001) levels and −SH\(−SS + −SH) ratio (p: 0.018) were lower in the RA group compared to the healthy controls, disulfide (−SS) level (p: 0.005)), −SS\−SH (p: 0.001) and −SS\(−SS + -SH) (p: 0.002) ratios were found to be higher. In the control group and the group in remission (defined by DAS28 < 2.6), the median values of –SH (p:0.002) and −SS + −SH (p:0.0008) were found to be significantly higher, and the median value of –SS (p: 0.001) was found to be lower compared to the other DAS28 groups. While a negative correlation was found between DAS28 and –SH (r: −0.243, p: 0.007), a positive correlation was found between DAS28 and −SS (r: 0.316, p: 0.0003), −SS\−SH (r:0.229, p: 0.002) and −SS\(−SS + −SH) (r: 0.285, p: 0.0009). The plasma thiol antioxidant pool was decreased in RA compared to healthy controls and those with active disease compared to those in remission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Vitiligo is a disorder of pigment loss caused by the progressive destruction of melanocytes. The pathophysiology of melanocyte loss has not been fully elucidated today. Oxidative stress is also among the causes. Dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis is an essential indicator of the body's oxidant-antioxidant balance. In this study, we evaluated the thiol/disulfide balance in vitiligo patients compared to healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: Total thiol and native thiol levels and paraoxonase1 (PON1) activity were measured using a spectrophotometric method in the serum of 64 patients with vitiligo and 34 healthy individuals. Serum disulfide levels were calculated by calculation. Results: Total and native thiol levels were higher in the serum of patients with vitiligo compared to healthy individuals (both p

The extracts of Glaucium grandiflorum have been used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Nonetheless, no former study has investigated whether the alkaloid extracts of G. grandiflorum have antioxidative effects against oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to determine the antioxidative effects of the alkaloid extracts of G. grandiflorum with a variety of targets and probable mechanisms. First, we used spectrophotometry to investigate alkaloid extracts with respect to their alkaloid amounts. Then, we determined the alkaloid extracts’ impact on thiol/disulfide homeostasis, total oxidant status/total antioxidant status/oxidative stress index, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Finally, the effects of alkaloid extracts on the genes in the NRF2-KEAP1 pathway were determined via qRT-PCR. We conducted molecular docking analyses to determine the potential binding of isoquinoline alkaloids found within the alkaloid extracts with target proteins. We observed the best results from chloroform alkaloid extract and methanol alkaloid extract. Chloroform alkaloid extract was prominent in DPPH radical scavenging and metal ions chelating, and methanol alkaloid extract showed significant hydroxyl radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. Alkaloid extract groups substantially increased in total thiol activity, native thiol activity, disulfide activity, total antioxidant status level, antioxidant enzyme levels, and gene expression levels (GCLC, HO-1, NRF2, and NQO1) compared to the H2O2 group. Also, alkaloid extract groups led to a significant drop in total oxidant status level, oxidative stress index level, and KEAP1 gene expression level relative to the H2O2 group. According to our study results, oxidative stress brought about by H2O2 was regulated by alkaloid extracts. As a result, a phytochemical-based therapeutic that regulates H2O2-induced oxidative stress was brought to the neurochemical field.

INTRODUCTION: Although many theories about the etiology of tinnitus have been proposed, it has not been fully clarified. In this study, we investigated the role of ischemia in the etiology of tinnitus. METHODS: A total of 90 participants, 50 tinnitus patients and 40 controls, were included in this study. Total thiol (TT), native thiol (NT), NT/TT ratio, disulfide, disulfide/TT ratio, disulfide/NT ratio, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), and IMA/albumin ratio (IMA/AlbR) values of tinnitus patient group and controls were compared and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses conducted. RESULTS: IMA (0.767+-0.06) and IMA/AlbR (17.71+-2.46) values were statistically significantly higher in the tinnitus group than in the control group (0.742+-0.06 vs. 16.00+-2.48 and p=0.040 vs. p=0.002, Independent Samples test). No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups for the other parameters. While albumin was presenting a perfect positive correlation with TT and NT, IMA showed rugged negative parallelism with NT and TT, similar to that of IMA/AlbR. According to ROC analysis, a cut-off value of 14.29 was found to be statistically significant for IMA/AlbR in distinguishing patients with tinnitus from the controls (sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 32.5%, AUC: 0.676, and p=0.002). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In the present study, in the tinnitus group, higher values of IMA and IMA/AlbR, which are markers of ischemic status, support the theory specifying that ischemia has an influential role in the etiology of tinnitus.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the value of thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) as an oxidative stress marker in hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) and normobaric oxygen therapy (NBOT) patients presenting with carbon monoxide poisoning. In addition, we compared the effect of HBOT and NBOT on thiol/disulfide parameters.Methods: This prospective study included 66 patients and 67 healthy individuals who presented to the emergency department. We evaluated serum native thiol, disulfide, and total thiol levels in 8 patients who received HBOT and 58 who received NBOT. We also compared pre- and post-treatment levels of disulfide/native thiol, disulfide/total thiol, and native thiol/total thiol.Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the case and control groups in native thiol and total thiol before NBOT (p < 0.006, p < 0.006). We also found a statistically significant difference between the groups in pre- and post-NBOT levels of native thiol and total thiol (p < 0.002, p < 0.003). However, our comparison of HBOT and NBOT showed no significant difference in the levels of native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, disulfide/native thiol, disulfide/total thiol, or native thiol/total thiol (p < 0.544, p < 0.860, p < 0.644, p < 0.409, p < 0.409, p < 0.409, respectively).Conclusions: Although thiol/disulfide parameters increased in patients receiving HBOT or NBOT, changes in antioxidant levels did not differ significantly between NBOT and HBOT patients. This suggests that NBOT and HBOT have similar effects on thiol/disulfide parameters. NBOT alone may be effective in centers that do not have HBOT facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Praxis of Otorhinolaryngology / Kulak Burun Boğaz Uygulamaları is the property of Official Journal of ENT-HNS Society of Istanbul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: We investigated the association of fetal serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels with fetal distress (FD). Methods: Umbilical cord blood for native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, albumin, and IMA analysis was obtained from 44 pregnant women over 34 weeks gestation undergoing cesarean section due to non-acute FD, and from 61 healthy pregnant women who underwent elective cesarean section Results: Native thiol and total thiol levels were significantly lower in the FD group (p = 0.02 and p = 0.014, respectively). Although disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios were higher in the FD group, the difference was statistically insignificant (p = 0.805). The IMA levels were significantly higher in the FD group (p = 0.013). Conclusion: The thiol-disulfide homeostasis shifts toward the oxidant direction during the FD pathogenesis and the increased IMA levels may be the best indicator of an underlying non-acute ischemic condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease that can be associated with cardiometabolic disorders. Oxidative stress is included in the pathogenesis of rosacea, and thiol‐disulfide homeostasis (TDH) acts as antioxidants. Objective: To evaluate the TDH and metabolic parameters in patients with rosacea. Material and Methods: A total of 42 rosacea patients and 50 controls participated in this prospective study. Demographic data, clinical entities, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory findings were recorded. Additionally, TDH was measured by an automated spectrophotometric method. Results: Rosacea patients had greater body mass index values (27.9 ± 5.2 kg/m² vs. 23 ± 1.4 kg/m², p < 0.001), waist‐hip ratios (0.87 ± 0.1 vs. 0.77 ± 0.8, p < 0.001), and insulin resistance (3.0 ± 2.0 vs. 1.3 ± 0.5, p < 0.001) compared with controls. Disulfide levels, the disulfide/native thiol ratio (DNTR), and the disulfide/total thiol ratio (DTTR) were increased (p < 0.05) in rosacea patients. Native thiol and total thiol levels and the native/total thiol ratio (NTTR) were decreased in rosacea patients (p < 0.05). Different rosacea subtypes had no effect on oxidative stress markers. The duration of illness and insulin resistance values significantly correlated with DNTR and DTTR in the rosacea group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Rosacea has a metabolic milieu with increased oxidative stress and insulin resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased cardiometabolic risk. Similarly, it was previously shown that atherosclerotic and cardiovascular risk is increased in the general population with lower serum Klotho levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the lotho and thiol/disulfide levels in women with non-obese PCOS compared to healthy controls and also to investigate the relationship of serum Klotho and thiol/disulfide homeostasis with cardiometabolic risk factors. Materials and methods: In this prospective case control study, human serum alpha Klotho levels and thiol/disulfide homeostasis of women with PCOS aged between 19-33 were compared to their age and BMI matched non – PCOS healthy controls. In addition, the correlation of these molecules with other metabolic markers/measurements were also investigated. Results: Metabolic parameters such as mean waist circumference, lipid accumulation product, visceral adiposity index, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and triglyceride values were higher in the PCOS group (p = 0.038, p = 0.008, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.002 and p = 0.002, respectively) compared to controls. However, mean serum Klotho and native thiol levels (respectively p

Introduction: Viral warts are a group of dermatological diseases caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Several studies have demonstrated an association between HPV infections and oxidative stress. Thiols are important components of cellular redox homeostasis as antioxidant molecules in the organism. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role of oxidative stress in patients with HPV infection by analyzing native thiol/disulfide homeostasis. Material and Methods: Forty-two patients with HPV infection and 40 healthy subjects were analyzed for the levels of native thiols, total thiols, and disulfide. Disulfide/native thiol, disulfide/total thiol, and native thiol/total thiol ratios were also calculated. Results: Disulfide and total thiol levels were higher in the patients compared to the healthy controls. The disulfide/native thiol ratio was also higher in the patient group. Native and total thiol levels decreased with the increasing duration of the disease. Conclusion: The native thiol/disulfide homeostasis was shifted toward disulfide in the patients' group, indicating the existence of oxidative stress in HPV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Idiopathic male infertility (IMI) is the absence of a reason to explain a patient's infertility, and it occurs at a frequency of %31. In this study we aimed to investigate the oxidant/antioxidant status of patients with IMI and compare their results to those of healthy controls.A total of 79 patients with IMI (group 1) and 90 healthy individuals (group 2) were included in the study. We used Erel & Neşelioğlu's thiol/disulfide homeostasis test. Collective and individual measurements of oxidative/antioxidative balance components were carried out by this novel thiol/disulfide homeostasis test. Serum antioxidant (total thiol (toSH), native thiol (SH)) and oxidant (disulfide (SS)) levels of all study participants were measured. The results from both groups were compared and analyzed statistically. After toSH, SH, and SS levels were determined, SS/toSH% and SS/SH% levels for each group were analyzed separately and compared statistically.The toSH, SH levels, and SS/SH%, SS/toSH% ratios were significantly different between the groups (p < 0.05).While antioxidant parameters (toSH and SH values) decreased in group1, oxidant parameters (SS/SH%, SS/toSH%) increased significantly. Although SS values were higher in group 1, the difference was not significant (p = 0.214). The SH cutoff value of 507.15 µmol/L predicted the probability of IMI development with 72.2% sensitivity and 74.4% specificity and toSH cutoff value of 545.45 µmol/L predicted IMI development with 70.9% sensitivity and 73.3 specificity (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the only independent risk factor for the development of IMI is SH. Patients with IMI had a significant change in their thiol/disulfide homeostasis, which suggests the involvement of this imbalance in the pathophysiology of IMI. Furthermore, these results also support the notion of the involvement of oxidative stress in sperm dysfunction. It also points to the possibility of using antioxidants in IMI treatment. Abbreviations: IMI: idiopathic male infertility; toSH: total thiol; SH: native thiol; SS: disulfide; OS: oxidative stress; ROS: reactive oxygen species; DCF: dichlorofluorescein; MiOXSYS: male infertility oxidative system; MOSI: male oxidative stress infertility; LC: L-carnitine; LAC: L-acetylcarnitine; Vit: vitamin; OAT: oligoasthenozoospermia; TMSC: total motile sperm count; WHO: World Health Organization; BMI: body mass index; DTNB: 5,5ʹ‐dithiobis‐2‐nitrobenzoic acid; CV: coefficient variation; ROC: receiver operating characteristic; PR: progressive, NP: non-progressive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and sensitive method was developed to determine biothiols in both sulfhydryl (–SH) and disulfide (S–S) forms using a fluorometric sensor composed of citrate–stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) prepared by electrostatic adsorption of water-soluble fluorophore Rhodamine–6G (Rh–6G) dye onto citrate–stabilized AuNPs resulting in the fluorescence resonance energy transfer in the turn-off mode. Due to the high surface affinities of biothiols to AuNPs, the fluorescence increment at 552 nm (turn-on mode) accompanying the release of Rh–6G indicated the thiol content. This assay also enables the differentiation of oxidized and reduced thiols and the measurement of thiol/disulfide homeostasis as a vital oxidative stress indicator using thiol-alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). After pretreatment with NEM, disulfides were measured in the presence of reduced thiols. The overall biothiol levels and thiol/disulfide ratios were measured using the proposed assay. This method was shown to be selective over various potential interfering compounds (e.g., polyphenols and plasma antioxidants) known to adversely affect redox-based assays. The proposed assay also enabled the naked-eye detection of biothiols by NP agglomeration and may be successfully applied to pharmaceutical samples containing thiols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Corrosive burns of esophagus occurring in childhood has life-threatening complications. Its detection via biochemical substrates instead of performing esophagoscopy is crucially important for children. Determination of oxidative stress markers including thiol/disulfide homeostasis and ischemia modified albumin levels may provide valuable information for corrosive esophageal burns. The study aims to investigate the relation between esophageal corrosion and thiol/disulfide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin levels in children. Material and Methods: Eighteen patients who underwent esophagoscopy due to corrosive substances intake (esophagoscopy group) and age and gender-matched 18 volunteers (control group) were included study. Blood levels of native thiol (-SH), total thiol (SH+SS), dynamic disulfide (SS), albumin and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) were measured in both groups. SPSS 17.0 was used for analyses and p <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Laboratory results of cases with esophageal burn (n = 13) and without burn (n = 5) and control (n = 18) were compared. There was a significant decrease in levels of dynamic disulfide (p=0.03), and dynamic disulfide/total thiol ratio (p=0.01) of children with esophageal burn compared with that of children with no burn or were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Decreased levels of disulphide and dynamic disulfide/total thiol ratio would be used as a laboratory test to show corrosion in the esophagus. However, randomized, multicentric studies with larger samples are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saudi Medical Journal is the property of Saudi Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: The dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis performs a major role in keeping up the oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium. We aimed to find the role of dynamic thiol/disulfide balance in pleural effusion transudate-exudate differentiation. This is considered to be the first research investigating the thiol/disulfide homeostasis in pleural fluid. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Clinic of Chest Diseases of Training and Research Hospital. One hundred adult patients with pleural effusion included. 20-100 cc pleural fluid samples were taken through thoracentesis of the patients. These fluids were categorized as exudate and transudate according to Light’s criteria. Automatic spectrophotometric practice which was defined by Erel & Neselioglu was used to gauge thiol/disulfide homeostasis in pleural fluid. Results: Disulfide, total and native thiol levels were significantly higher in the exudative group than the transudative group (p = 0.001). The ratio of disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol was higher in the transudative group (p = 0.03). In exudates, native thiol/total thiol proportions were higher (p = 0.03). Conclusion: The increased disulfide levels are indicative of increased oxidative stress in exudative pleural fluid. An abnormal thiol/disulfide state may be a major factor in the pathogenesis. These outcomes may conduce to distinguish exudative fluids without requesting synchronous serum thiol/disulfide level measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Although many theories about the etiology of tinnitus have been proposed, it has not been fully clarified. In this study, we investigated the role of ischemia in the etiology of tinnitus. Methods: A total of 90 participants, 50 tinnitus patients and 40 controls, were included in this study. Total thiol (TT), native thiol (NT), NT/TT ratio, disulfide, disulfide/TT ratio, disulfide/NT ratio, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), and IMA/albumin ratio (IMA/AlbR) values of tinnitus patient group and controls were compared and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses conducted. Results: IMA (0.767±0.06) and IMA/AlbR (17.71±2.46) values were statistically significantly higher in the tinnitus group than in the control group (0.742±0.06 vs. 16.00±2.48 and p=0.040 vs. p=0.002, Independent Samples test). No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups for the other parameters. While albumin was presenting a perfect positive correlation with TT and NT, IMA showed rugged negative parallelism with NT and TT, similar to that of IMA/AlbR. According to ROC analysis, a cut-off value of 14.29 was found to be statistically significant for IMA/AlbR in distinguishing patients with tinnitus from the controls (sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 32.5%, AUC: 0.676, and p=0.002). Conclusion: In the present study, in the tinnitus group, higher values of IMA and IMA/AlbR, which are markers of ischemic status, support the theory specifying that ischemia has an influential role in the etiology of tinnitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between Behçet's disease (BD) and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) and thiol molecules and to evaluate serum levels of this molecule in complications that may develop due to BD. BD is a vasculitic disease characterized by recurrent oral starring scarring genital ulcerated lesions and triple complex symptoms of uveitis, histopathologically involving perivascular tissues and vascular wall. It is thought that the mechanism responsible for vascular damage may be immunoregulatory system dysregulation and increased oxidative stress. In this study, serum levels of IMA and native thiol (-SH), total thiol (-SS+-SH), disulfide (-SS) were evaluated in BD and different clinical presentations of the disease. Methods: Thirty-nine Behçet's patients and 40 healthy volunteers were included in the study. IMA, -SH, and -SS levels were measured using the spectrophotometric (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH Riedstrasse 2, Steinheim, Germany) method. Statistical analysis were performed using the SPSS version 21.0 package program. Results: In our study, the mean IMA (p<0.001), -SS/-SH (p<0.01), and -SS/(-SS + -SH) ratios (p<0.01) were found to be significantly higher in Behçet's patients compared to the control group. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the highest associated value with BD was found in IMA (p:0.001, AUC:0.713). In BD, no significant difference was found between those with mucocutaneous involvement and those with organ involvement in terms of IMA and thiol/disulfide parameters (p>0.05). Conclusion: In our study, we found that IMA serum levels were high, and -SS/-SH and -SS/(-SS + -SH) ratios were significantly low in BD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The number of admissions to the emergency department (ED) of elderly patients who reside in nursing homes with a diagnosis of pneumonia continues to grow. This study was designed to assess factors that predicted mortality in the patient group defined as those with nursing home-acquired pneumonia (NHAP). Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, observational study conducted in a hospital ED. The data of nursing home patients admitted to the ED with a pneumonia presentation (NHAP) were compared with those of patients with communityacquired pneumonia (CAP). Factors that predicted mortality in the NHAP group were analyzed. SPSS for Windows, Version 16.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to perform the statistical analysis. Results: A total of 98 patients >18 years of age, 36 of whom were NHAP patients, were included in the research. The risk level and rates of intensive care admission and mortality were significantly higher in the NHAP group (p<0.05), and the thiol level, an antioxidant parameter, was lower in the NHAP group than that of the CAP group (p<0.001). Evaluation of the NHAP group alone revealed a higher mortality rate in patients with congestive heart failure, those hospitalized in intensive care, and those with high risk scores (p<0.05). The shock index (SI) value was found to be an independent predictor of mortality in the NHAP group. The study results indicated that each 0.1 unit increase in the SI increased mortality 3.637 times (95% confidence interval: 1.024-12.921) (p=0.046). Conclusion: The findings suggest that the SI could serve as a valuable marker for predicting mortality in NHAP patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ahi Evran Medical Journal is the property of Ahi Evran University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective:There is an association between obesity and several inflammatory and oxidative markers in children. In this study, we analyzed thiol/disulfide homeostasis and serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels for the first time in order to clarify and determine the oxidant/antioxidant balance in metabolically healthy and unhealthy children.Methods:This study included obese children and healthy volunteers between 4-18 years of age. The obese patients were divided into two groups: metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Biochemical parameters including thiol/disulfide homeostasis, and IMA concentrations were analyzed.Results:There were 301 recruits of whom 168 (55.8%) were females. The obese children numbered 196 (MHO n=58 and MUO n=138) and healthy controls numbered 105. No statistically significant difference could be found in ages and genders of the patients among all groups (p>0.05, for all). Native thiol (SH), total thiol (SH+SS), and native thiol/total thiol (SH/SH+SS) ratio were statistically significantly lower in the MUO group than the control group (p

Thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) is a new marker of oxidative stress. In this study, we would like to determine the changes in TDH in hemodialysis (HD) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Nephrology Clinic of Konya Training and Research Hospital. A total of 197 individuals including 75 HD patients, 41 end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients (having stage 3-5 CKD but not receiving hemodialysis), and 81 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels were measured with a new method developed by Erel and Neselioglu. It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean age, body mass index (BMI), modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD), and creatinine level between the three groups (p [Med-Science 2020; 9(1.000): 201-4]

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) causes significant psychic distress and affects children's social and academic functioning. Approximately 80% of OCD cases begin in childhood. Earlier onset is associated with more severe OC symptoms, poorer treatment response, and a more unfavorable clinical course. A particular oxidative stress marker, thiol/disulfide homeostasis, using a new, comparatively inexpensive, easily calculated, easily accessible, repeatable, and fully automated method was investigated between pediatric patients diagnosed with OCD and a healthy control group in this study. This study is the first to address this subject in pediatric patients with OCD and aims to contribute to our knowledge of the etiopathogenesis and treatment of pediatric OCD. The study included children with OCD (n = 35, 52.2%) (drug free, comorbidity free) between 11 and 18 years of age and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 32, 47.8%). The total thiol (p = 0.025) and disulfide (p = 0.001) levels and the disulfide/native thiol (p = 0.001) and disulfide/total thiol ratios (p = 0.001) were significantly different between the groups. Also, in the patient group, biochemical analysis revealed that the disulfide level (p = 0.05) and the disulfide/native thiol (p = 0.034) and disulfide/total thiol ratios (p = 0.039) differed significantly according to the presence of a family history of psychiatric disorders. Consequently, the results of our study show that thiol/disulfide homeostasis may affect the etiopathogenesis of pediatric OCD and can be utilized as a new method when evaluating oxidative stress. • A particular oxidative stress marker, thiol/disulfide homeostasis, was investigated. • Thiol/disulfide homeostasis was significantly disturbed in pediatric OCD patients. • Thiol/disulfide homeostasis may affect the etiopathogenesis of pediatric OCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Increased reactive oxygen species may play an important role in Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) etiopathogenesis. The thiol group is a very potent antioxidant. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of oxidative stress in patients with AS by evaluating thiol/disulfide homeostasis. METHODS: In this study, a total of 66 AS patients (27 male, 39 female) and 66 healthy controls (21 male, 45 female) were enrolled. Recently, a novel method for the thiol measurement was found. Thiol and disulfide values were measured by the novel methods. RESULTS: Native thiol (NT) (p

Background: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is an extra-articular rheumatological disease, characterized by widespread pain and somatic symptoms. The etiology has not yet been clarified. Oxidative stress may play an important role in FMS etiology. Thiol group is a very strong antioxidant. We aimed to investigate whether thiol/disulfide homeostasis in FMS is altered or not. Material and methods: A total of 80 female FMS patients and 64 healthy female control individuals were included in this study. Thiol and disulfide values were measured by Erel’s novel methods. Results: Native thiol (330.6 ± 46.1 vs. 356.8 ± 55.5 μmol/L, p = 0.005) and native thiol/total thiol (89.4 ± 3.2 vs. 93.3 ± 4.0, p < 0.001) levels of FMS patients were significantly lower when compared to the values of control group. However, disulfide (19.4 ± 6.3 vs. 12.2 ± 6.3 μmol/L, p < 0.001) levels of FMS patients were significantly higher than healthy individuals. A negative correlation was found between the native thiol/total thiol and fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ) score among the FMS patients. A positive correlation was found between disulfide values and FIQ score among the patients. Conclusions: In FMS patients, there was a significant correlation between the decrease in the thiol levels and an increase in the disulfide levels with the FIQ scores. We determined that thiol-disulfide rate was deteriorated in FMS patients and it increases in favor of disulfide amounts.

Background. Oxidative stress may play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) etiopathogenesis. The thiol group is a very strong antioxidant. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of oxidative stress in patients with RA by evaluating thiol/disulfide homeostasis.

Background/aim: The aim of present study was to investigate the dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis as oxidative stress marker in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Materials and methods: A total of 77 participants consisting of 32 patients with DKA and 45 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) [total thiol-native thiol/disulfide changes] were measured in both groups (patient group and control group) using a brand new method developed by Erel and Neselioglu. Half of the difference between total thiol and native thiol concentrations gives the amount of disulfide bond. Results: Total thiol, native thiol, and disulfide levels in blood were found to be low. The levels of total thiol (P < 0.001) and native thiol (P < 0.001) were significantly lower in patients with DKA than in the control group. At the same time, the level of disulfide was nonsignificantly lower in the patient group than the control group (P = 0.388). The level of IMA was higher in the patient group than in the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The total thiol, native thiol, and disulfide levels in DKA decrease in favor of oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) with a new method in patients with pubertal gynecomastia and also to investigate the relationship between sex hormones. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis, involving native thiol (SH), disulfide (SS) and total thiol (SS + SH), was evaluated between 20 adolescent boys with gynecomastia in mid-puberty and 50 healthy adolescents, who were matched for age, body mass index (BMI) and pubertal stage. The correlations of total serum testosterone (TT) and estradiol (E2) levels with the oxidative parameters were also determined. No significant difference was found between the total thiol, native thiol, disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios of the patient and control groups. The mean disulfide concentrations, disulfide/native thiol and the disulfide/total thiol ratios were statistically significantly higher in the patient group than in the controls. A positive correlation was found between the E2 and native thiol levels, also there was a negative correlation between the E2 and disulfide levels. TT was negatively correlated with both native thiol and disulfide levels. All these did not statistically differ between the patients with unilateral and bilateral gynecomastia. There was an impaired thiol/disulfide homeostasis in patients with pubertal gynecomastia. According to this result, we can postulate that oxidative stress may be an etiologic factor that contributes to initiation and/or progression of gynecomastia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a chronic and incapacitating disease that often requires lifelong care. This study aimed to evaluate the thiol/disulfide homeostasis in patients with OSAS, to compare the thiol/disulfide levels with the control group and to investigate their relationship with the severity of the disease.Material and Methods: Patients who were admitted to the department of chest diseases, and diagnosed with OSAS using polysomnographic analysis (n = 186) and 144 patients who underwent polysomnography due to some reasons but ruled out of having OSAS were included in the study. Serum total thiol (TT), native thiol (SH), and disulfide thiol (SS) levels were measured from the participants; SS/SH, SS/TT, and SH/TT percent ratios were calculated and compared between the patient and control groups.Results: The mean (±SD) age of the patients and control participants was 52.0 ± 11.5 years and 44.9 ± 13.2 years, respectively. Compared to the control group, patients with OSAS had significantly lower SH (239.3 ± 56.3 μmol/L vs. 258.6 ± 65.3μmol/L, t = 2.70, p =.007) and TT levels (273.2 ± 60.1 μmol/L vs. 292.9 ± 67.5μmol/L, t = 2.64, p=.010). Age (OR = 1.04), serum albumin (OR = 12.67), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) (OR = 0.12), SH (OR = 0.81), and TT (OR = 1.17) were independent predictors of OSAS.Conclusions: These results support the idea that decreased ST and TT levels are related to increased oxidative stress. On the other hand, impaired thiol balance may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of OSAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Sickle cell disease (SCD), described as a group of inherited blood disorders, affects millions of people throughout the world and is particularly common in the southern part of Turkey. We aimed to determine the relationship between ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) and the dynamic thiol/disulfide balance in SCD. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four adult SCD patients and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. The 54 adult patients included 30 (56%) males and 24 (44%) females with a mean age of 28.3+-8.4 years (minimum-maximum: 18-46 years). Of the 54 patients, 46 had homozygous sickle cell anemia (HbSS) and 8 had sickle/β-thalassemia (HbS/β+-thalassemia). Fasting blood samples were collected. After centrifugation at 1500×g for 10 min, plasma samples were portioned and stored at -80 °C. IMA levels were determined by albumin cobalt binding test, a colorimetric method. Total and native thiols and disulfide were analyzed with a novel spectrophotometric method. Results: We found significantly lower levels of native thiol (-SH) (284.0+-86.3 μmol/L), disulfide levels (14.6+-7 μmol/L), and total thiols (-SH + -S-S-) (313.0+-89.3 μmol/L) in SCD patients compared to healthy controls (respectively 417.0+-54.2, 22.7+-11.3, and 462.0+-58.7 μmol/L). Plasma albumin levels (34.9+-7.9 g/L) were lower and IMA levels (13.6+-3.1 g/L) were higher in SCD patients compared to controls (respectively 43.5+-3.1 and 8.4+-1.6 g/L). Plasma albumin levels were strongly correlated with both plasma native (r=0.853; p=0.0001) and total thiols (r=0.866; p=0.0001). Conclusion: Decreased plasma native and total thiol levels and increased IMA levels are related to increased oxidative stress and provide an indirect and quick reflection of the oxidative damage in SCD patients.

Introduction: Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) isan otologic emergency that can lead to loss of function in one of the mostimportant human senses. Recently, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has gainedpopularity with pharmacotherapy in ISSNHL. This study aimed to determinechanges induced in thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH, a new biomarker ofsystemic oxidative stress) by pharmacotherapy and HBOT in patients with ISSNHL.Methods: This prospectivestudy analyzed the albumin, total thiol, native thiol, and disulfide levels anddisulfide-native thiol, disulfide-total thiol, and native thiol-total thiolratios before and after HBOT with standardizing pharmacotherapy using a newcolorimetric method in patientswith ISSNHL.Results: 41 patients withISSNHL including 14 (34.1%) women and 27 (65.9%) men participated in the study.The mean age of the patients was 48.02 ± 13.10 years. Of them, 24 (58.5%) hadhearing loss in the right ear and 17 (41.5%) had hearing loss in the left ear.There was a statistically significant decrease in the albumin (p lt;0.001),total thiol (p lt;0.001), native thiol (p lt;0.001), and disulfide (p lt;0.001)levels after treatment compared to baseline. There was no statisticallysignificant difference in the disulfide-native thiol (p=0.148), disulfide-totalthiol (p=0.172), and native thiol-total thiol (p=0.169) ratios after treatmentcompared to baseline.Conclusion: Consequently,this study demonstrated that the thiol-disulphide balance tended to shifttowards the oxidative side after HBOT and pharmacotherapy compared to baseline in patients with ISSNHL andthat patients with high oxidation level after treatment had better treatmentresponse.

This study aimed to study the dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Forty-five pregnant women with GDM and 45 age-matched healthy pregnancies were included in this study. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis was measured using a commercial kit (Rel Assay Diagnostics). The patients with GDM had significantly higher disulfide concentrations than healthy pregnant patients (p =.001). Besides, the GDM group had significantly higher disulfide/total thiol, disüplhide/native thiol, and native thiol/total thiol ratio than healthy pregnant patients (p =.001, p =.001 and p =.001, respectively). The significantly higher concentrations of disulfide, disulfide/total thiol, disüplhide/native thiol, and native thiol/total thiol ratio in women with GDM could be considered as the increased oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there are no sufficient data on association between oxidative stress and erectile dysfunction (ED), numerous studies have reported that imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen species and body's antioxidant defenses may play a role in the pathogenesis of ED. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the oxidant and antioxidant status in patients with ED and healthy controls with a novel automated assay for thiol/disulphide homeostasis test. Our study included 123 patients with ED and 90 healthy individuals. ED was evaluated by asking questions 1–5 and 15 of the International Index of Erectile Function form. In this study, we used Erel and Neselioglu's thiol/disulfide homeostasis test, which is one of the novel methods that can measure both variables of the oxidative/antioxidative balance individually and collectively. This method measured serum antioxidant (total thiol [toSH], native thiol [SH]) and oxidant (disulfide [SS]) levels. The statistical comparisons were performed between patients with ED (ED+ group) and without ED (ED− group) first and then within the ED+ group. After toSH, SH, and SS levels were determined; SS/toSH%, SS/SH%, and SH/toSH% levels were analyzed separately and compared statistically. We found a significant difference between ED− and ED+ groups in terms of toSH, SH, SS/toSH%, and SS/SH% ratios. SS parameters were increased in patients with ED, but there was no significant difference in terms of SS and SH/toSH% values. Clarification of the factors involved in the etiology of ED such as oxidative/antioxidative balance may open new grounds in the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. It is a prospective, randomized clinical study with the use of a novel, reliable, and fully automated technique. The limitations of the study are use of a subjective tool such as the International Index of Erectile Function, obtaining blood samples from the peripheral vein instead of penile cavernosal tissue, and relatively small sample size. The results of this study showed that thiol/disulfide homeostasis is altered in ED, and this imbalance may be a factor in its pathophysiology. We determined that as ED gets more severe, toSH and SH parameters decrease, whereas SS parameter increases. Micoogullari U, Karatas OF, Kisa E, et al. Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis in Patients With Erectile Dysfunction. J Sex Med 2020;17:1934–1941. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress (OS) and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), by analyzing the dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) parameters as an OS marker and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Materials and methods: A total of 69 women, 34 with POI and 35 healthy controls were included in this prospective cross-sectional study. TDH parameters (plasma native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, disulfide/native thiol, native thiol/total thiol, and disulfide/total thiol ratios) and CIMT were measured and compared between the two groups. Results: In primary ovarian insufficiency group, native thiol (p=.009) and total thiol (p=.010) levels were significantly decreased, and CIMT values were significantly increased (p= <.001). CIMT values were negatively correlated with native thiol (r=–0.553, p=.001) and total thiol levels (r=–0.565, p=.001); and positively correlated with age (r = 0.457, p=.007), BMI (r = 0.408, p=.017), and total cholesterol (r = 0.605, p<.001) in POI group. Conclusions: Decreased native thiol and total thiol levels demonstrate the defective anti-oxidant mechanism in POI. Negative correlation between native thiol, total thiol levels, and CIMT means the presence of abnormal anti-oxidant mechanisms may play a role in the development of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with POI. This is a novel report on the mechanism of subclinical atherosclerosis in women with POI, which needs to be supported with further studies evaluating the pathophysiology of OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective  The aim of this study was to determine the role of thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) parameters which are new oxidative stress markers for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) in children with abdominal pain complaints. Methods  A total of 40 patients with AA and 45 patients with abdominal pain were included in this study. Two groups were compared in terms of age, gender, white blood cell count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein (CRP), appendix diameter, and TDH parameters (native and total thiol levels, native thiol/total thiol ratio [antioxidant parameters] and disulfide level, disulfide/native thiol ratio, and disulfide/total thiol ratio [oxidant parameters]). Results  Compared with the abdominal pain group, it was found that disulfide level, disulfide/native thiol, and disulfide/total thiol ratios (p  < 0.001 for all) in patients with AA were significantly higher and their native thiol level (p  = 0.02) and native thiol/total thiol ratio (p  < 0.001) were significantly lower. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of total thiol level. There was no significant difference between the perforated and nonperforated groups in patients with AA in terms of TDH parameters. In addition, the CRP level was higher in the perforated group than the nonperforated group. Conclusion  To our knowledge, the present study is a first in the literature in which TDH parameters were used in children with AA compared with the abdominal pain group. We thought that these parameters may be useful as new biomarkers supporting AA diagnosis in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an oxidative stress disease, which has been considered to be a notable risk and associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Thiol‐disulfide homeostasis is as a novel indicator of oxidative stress. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate thiol‐disulfide homeostasis in a large patient population with OSA. Methods: A total of 230 with OSA and 40 healthy controls were included in the study. Inclusion criteria for OSA patients are having apnoea‐hypopnoea index of ≥5/hour, being more than 18 years of age and having no previous treatment for OSA. Thiol‐disulfide analysis was done for the patients and control group. Blood thiol‐disulfide homeostasis was analysed using the new automatic method, developed by Erel and Neşelioğlu. Results: Among all OSA subjects, 149 (64.8%) were males and the mean ages of the patients were 53.38 ± 10.22. Total thiol, native thiol (SH) and disulfide (SS) levels were significantly lower in OSA group compared to the control group (P <.001, P <.001 and P =.039 respectively). Also, total thiol and native thiol (SH) were significantly different between the groups according to OSA severity (mild‐moderate to severe OSA) (P <.001 and P <.001 respectively). Thiol‐disulfide redox parameters were correlated with apnoea‐hypopnoea index (AHI) scores. Conclusion: The present prospective study showed that thiol/disulfide homeostasis was unbalanced in OSA patients. Especially, in OSA patients have low level of thiol/disulfide redox parameters when compared to healthy subjects. Evaluating thiol‐disulfide homeostasis in OSA may be a contributing aspect to assessment and monitoring of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality all around the world. The increased production of reactive oxygen species occurs with cell damage, and cysteine is an important factor in preventing oxidative damage by its functional thiol group. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) and the risk factors, disease severity, and physical condition of patients with lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective, controlled, nonblinded study, which included healthy volunteers and patients diagnosed with lung cancer who had not yet started any treatment. RESULTS: There were 45 male (90%) and five female (5%) patients (mean age 64±9 years), and 41 male (82%) and nine female (18%) healthy volunteers (mean age 65±17 years) were included in this research. Overall, the thiol levels were lower in patients than the control group (p<0.001). The native thiol level means were 275±72 µjmol/l in the patient group and 414±80 µmol/l in the control group, and the total thiol level means were 309±74 and 451±79 µmol/l, respectively. However, the disulfide parameter was not statistically significantly different between the two groups. There were no correlations between the tumor size and overall survival and the total thiol, native thiol, and disulfide levels. CONCLUSION: This study showed that there is a significant relationship between lung cancer and TDH, but there were no correlations with the disease stage and the clinical performance status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: There is an association between obesity and several inflammatory and oxidative markers in children. In this study, we analyzed thiol/disulfide homeostasis and serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels for the first time in order to clarify and determine the oxidant/antioxidant balance in metabolically healthy and unhealthy children. Methods: This study included obese children and healthy volunteers between 4-18 years of age. The obese patients were divided into two groups: metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Biochemical parameters including thiol/disulfide homeostasis, and IMA concentrations were analyzed. Results: There were 301 recruits of whom 168 (55.8%) were females. The obese children numbered 196 (MHO n=58 and MUO n=138) and healthy controls numbered 105. No statistically significant difference could be found in ages and genders of the patients among all groups (p>0.05, for all). Native thiol (SH), total thiol (SH+SS), and native thiol/total thiol (SH/SH+SS) ratio were statistically significantly lower in the MUO group than the control group (p<0.001, p=0.005, and p=0.005; respectively). Disulfide (SS), disulfide/native thiol (SS/SH), disulfide/total thiol (SS/SH+SS) and IMA levels were statistically significantly higher in the MUO group than the control group (p=0.002, p<0.001, p<0.001, and p=0.001, respectively).Conclusion: Chronic inflammation due to oxidative stress induced by impaired metabolic parameters in MUO children caused impairment in thiol redox homeostasis. Our data suggested that the degree of oxidant imbalance in obese children worsened as obesity and metabolic abnormalities increased. It is hypothesized that thiol/disulfide homeostasis and high serum IMA levels may be reliable indicators of oxidant-antioxidant status in MUO children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) and thioredoxin domain-containing 5 (TXNDC5) level in early and late-onset preeclampsia.Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 24 pregnant women with early-onset preeclampsia and 26 pregnant women with late-onset preeclampsia were compared with 30 pregnant women with no obstetric complications. The serum TXNDC5 levels and thiol/disulfide homeostasis were measured.Results: Serum TXNDC5 levels were significantly higher in the early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia groups compared with the control group (p < .05). Native thiol and total thiol levels were significantly lower in the early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia groups than control group. The disulfide levels were found as significantly high in early preeclamptic patients compared to control group (p < .05). The highest levels of TXNDC5 and the lowest levels of native thiol and total thiol were found in early-onset preeclampsia group. No significant difference was found between the patients with early onset and late onset preeclampsia regarding TXNDC5 levels and thiol/disulfide homeostasis (p > .05).Conclusion: Serum TXNDC5 levels were significantly higher in patients with early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia. The dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis was impaired in favor of the oxidized state in patients with preeclampsia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]