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Lori B. Chibnik, Osorio Meirelles, Joshua C. Bis, Christophe Tzourio, Bruce M. Psaty, Vilmundur Gudnason, Albert Hofman, Reem Waziry, Claudine Berr, Eric Boerwinkle, Catherine Helmer, Blossom C. M. Stephan, Carol Brayne, Frank J. Wolters, Alison Ower, Silke Kern, Lewis H. Kuller, Jean-François Dartigues, Ingmar Skoog, Mei Mei Wong, Leslie Grasset, M. Arfan Ikram, Anna Zettergren, M. Kamran Ikram, Fiona E. Matthews, Daniel Bos, Kristoffer Bäckman, Oscar L. Lopez, Thomas H. Mosley, Kendra Davis-Plourde, Lenore J. Launer, Stéphanie Debette, Sirwan K.L. Darweesh, Claudia L. Satizabal, Christoforos Hadjichrysanthou, Carole Dufouil, Myriam Fornage, Alexa S. Beiser, Sudha Seshadri, Epidemiology, Neurology, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Department of Epidemiology [Boston, MA, USA], Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham & Women’s Hospital [Boston] (BWH), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), University of Gothenburg (GU), School of Public Health [Boston], Boston University [Boston] (BU), Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Medicine, University of Washington [Seattle], The University of Texas School of Public Health [Houston, TX, USA], The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neuroépidémiologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Icelandic Heart Association, Heart Preventive Clinic and Research Institute, Imperial College London, University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), National Institute on Aging [Bethesda, USA] (NIA), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Nextel S.A. [Bilbao], University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC), Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology [Göteborg], Newcastle University [Newcastle], Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, The Alzheimer Cohorts Consortium is supported by an unrestricted grant from the Janssen Prevention Center to the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES) This study is supported by National Institute of Aging contracts (N01-AG-12100 and HHSN271201200022C) with contributions from the National Eye Institute, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the National Institute of Aging Intramural Research Program, Hjartavernd (the Icelandic Heart Association), and the Althingi (the Icelandic Parliament), Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) This study is carried out as a collaborative study supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute contracts (HHSN268201100005C, HHSN268201100006C, HHSN268201100007C, HHSN268201100008C, HHSN268201100009C, HHSN268201100010C, HHSN268201100011C, and HHSN268201100012C). Neurocognitive data is collected by (U01 HL096812, HL096814, HL096899, HL096902, HL096917) with funding also provided by the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) This research was supported by contracts (HHSN268201200036C, HHSN268200800007C, N01HC55222, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086), and grants U01HL080295, U01HL130114 and HL105756 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), with additional contribution from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Additional support was provided by the National Institute on Aging (R01AG023629) and, in part, by grants (AG20098, AG15928, and AG05133). The funding sources did not have any role in the study design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, preparation of the manuscript, or decision to submit it for publication, Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (CFAS) Medical Research Council (MRC) CFAS I was funded by the MRC (Research Grant: G9901400) and the National Health Service (NHS). CFAS II has been supported by the UK Medical Research Council (Research Grant:G06010220) and received additional support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), comprehensive clinical research networks in West Anglia, Nottingham City and Nottinghamshire County NHS Primary Care trusts and the dementias and neurodegenerative disease research Network (DeNDRoN) in Newcastle, Framingham Heart Study (FHS) This work was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study (contracts N01-HC-25195 and HHSN268201500001I). This study was also supported by grants from the National Institute on Aging: (AG054076, U01-AG049505, and AG008122 (S. Seshadri)). S. Seshadri and A. Beiser were also supported by additional grants from the National Institute on Aging (R01AG049607, AG033193, AG033040) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01-NS017950), The Gothenburg study This study was supported by grants from The Swedish Research Council 2012-5041, 2015-02830, 2013-8717, Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Wellfare (no 2001-2646, 2003-0234, 2004-0150, 2006-0020, 2008-1229, 2012-1138, 2004-0145, 2006-0596, 2008-1111, 2010-0870, 2013-1202, 2001-2849, 2005-0762,2008-1210, 2013-2300, 013-2496, Konung Gustaf V:s och Drottning Victorias Frimurarestiftelse, Hja¨rnfonden, Sahlgrenska University Hospital (ALF), The Alzheimer’s Association Zenith Award (ZEN-01-3151), The Alzheimer’s Association Stephanie B. Overstreet Scholars (IIRG-00-2159), Alzheimer’s Association (IIRG-03-6168), The Alzheimer’s Association (IIRG-09-131338), Eivind och ElsaK:son Sylvans stiftelse, Stiftelsen So¨derstro¨m-Ko¨nigska Sjukhemmet, Stiftelsen fo¨ r Gamla Tja¨narinnor, Handlanden Hjalmar Svenssons Forskningsfond, Stiftelsen Professor Bror Gadelius’ Minnesfond, Swedish Alzheimer foundation, PAQUID The PAQUID cohort was supported by IPSEN France, NOVARTIS Pharma France, and the CNSA (Caisse Nationale de Solidarité et d’Autonomie). This study is supported by the Erasmus Medical Centre and Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMW), the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE), The Netherlands Genomics Initiative, the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports, the European Commission (DG XII), and the Municipality of Rotterdam. Further support was obtained from the Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing and the Dutch Heart Foundation (2012T008). This research was further supported by funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007e2013) under grant agreement no. 601055, VPHDare@ IT (FP7-ICT-2011-9e601055), and funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 667375 (Co-STREAM) and under grant agreement no. 678543 (European Research Council (ERC) funded project: ORACLE). None of the funding organizations or sponsors were involved in study design, in collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, in writing of the report, or in the decision to submit the article for publication, The 3-Cites Study This study is conducted under a partnership agreement among the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), the Victor Segalen–Bordeaux II University, and Sanofi-Aventis. The Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale funded the preparation and initiation of the study. The 3C Study is also supported by the Caisse Nationale Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés, Direction Générale de la Santé, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale (MGEN), Institut de la Longévité, Conseils Régionaux of Aquitaine and Bourgogne, Fondation de France, and Ministry of Research–INSERM Programme ‘‘Cohortes et collections de donne´es biologiques’’, Infrastructure for the CHARGE Consortium is supported in part by National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (HL105756) and for the neurology working group by National Institutes of Aging (AG033193 and AG049505)., Berr, Claudine, Brayne, Carol [0000-0001-5307-663X], Matthews, Fiona [0000-0002-1728-2388], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Edwin J. Boezeman, Angela G. E. M. de Boer, Kitty J Jager, Rianne W de Jong, Vianda S. Stel, Frederike J. Bemelman, Nicholas C. Chesnaye, Ziad A. Massy, Public and occupational health, APH - Societal Participation & Health, APH - Quality of Care, Medical Informatics, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Methodology, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Nephrology, APH - Global Health, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, Amsterdam UMC - Amsterdam University Medical Center, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], R.d.J., K.J. and V.S. report grants from the European Union (PP-01-2016) and from the European Renal Association during the conduct of the study. The funders did not have any role in study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, writing the report and the decision to submit the report for publication. The content of this article represents the views of the authors only and is their sole responsibility, it doesnot reflect the views of the European Commission or any other body of the European Union. The European Commission does not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains. This work was presented as an oral presentation at the 58th European Renal Association–European Dialysis and Transplant Association Congress (online, 5–8 June 2021)., and HAL UVSQ, Équipe

Markevych, Iana, Zhao, Tianyu, Fuertes, Elaine, Marcon, Alessandro, Dadvand, Payam, Vienneau, Danielle, Garcia Aymerich, Judith, Nowak, Dennis, de Hoogh, Kees, Jarvis, Deborah, Abramson, Michael J, Accordini, Simone, Amaral, Andre Fs, Bentouhami, Hayat, Jacobsen Bertelsen, Randi, Boudier, Anne, Bono, Roberto, Bowatte, Gayan, Casas, Lidia, Dharmage, Shyamali C, Forsberg, Bertil, Gislason, Thorarinn, Gnesi, Marco, Holm, Mathias, Jacquemin, Benedicte, Janson, Christer, Jogi, Rain, Johannessen, Ane, Keidel, Dirk, Leynaert, Benedicte, Maldonado Perez, José Antonio, Marchetti, Pierpaolo, Migliore, Enrica, Martínez-Moratalla, Jesús, Orru, Hans, Pin, Isabelle, Potts, James, Probst-Hensch, Nicole, Ranzi, Andrea, Sánchez-Ramos, José Luis, Siroux, Valerie, Soussan, David, Sunyer, Jordi, Urrutia Landa, Isabel, Villani, Simona, Heinrich, Joachim, Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), German Center for Lung Research, Imperial College London, Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), University of Basel (Unibas), Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute [Basel], Monash University [Melbourne], University of Antwerp (UA), University of Bergen (UiB), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of Melbourne, University of Peradeniya, Umeå University, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], University of Gothenburg (GU), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Uppsala University, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, University of Tartu, CHU Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Population Health and Occupational Disease [Londres, Royaume-Uni], National Heart and Lung Institute [Londres, Royaume-Uni] (NHLI), Imperial College London-Imperial College London, LabEx Inflamex, University-Hospital Munich-Großhadern [München], and This study was specifically funded by the German Research Foundation (GZ: KA 4737/2–1 | NO 262/13–1 | HE 3294/12–1) and the Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.The authors appreciate the support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (M-0420).The present analyses are part of the Ageing Lungs in European Cohorts (ALEC) Study (https://www.alecstudy.org), which has also received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 633212. The local investigators and funding agencies for the European Community Respiratory Health are reported in the Supplementary Material. ISGlobal is a member of CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. These sources of funding had no role in the study design, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, the writing of the report, and in the decision to submit the article for publication.Iana Markevych is supported from the 'NeuroSmog: Determining the impact of air pollution on the developing brain' (Nr. POIR.04.04.00–1763/18–00) which is implemented as part of the TEAM-NET programme of the Foundation for Polish Science, co-financed from EU resources, obtained from the European Regional Development Fund under the Smart Growth Operational Programme.Elaine Fuertes is support by the Imperial College Research Fellowship.We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the 'Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019–2023' Program (CEX2018-000806-S), and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program to ISGlobal.

Lynsey, Hollywood, Johann, Issartel, David, Gaul, Amanda, McCloat, Elaine, Mooney, Clare Elizabeth, Collins, Fiona, Lavelle, and This research was funded by Research development funding from Ulster University and Queen’s University Belfast. A National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia leadership Research Fellowship (APP2009340) supports CEC. The funders had no involvement in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data or writing the manuscript.

Christiana A Demetriou, Souzana Achilleos, Annalisa Quattrocchi, John Gabel, Elena Critselis, Constantina Constantinou, Nicoletta Nicolaou, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Catherine M Bennett, Nolwenn Le Meur, Julia A Critchley, Laust Hvas Mortensen, Jose Manuel Rodriguez-Llanes, Mario Chong, Gleb Denissov, Petra Klepac, Lucy P Goldsmith, Antonio José Leal Costa, Terje P Hagen, Marie Chan Sun, Qian Huang, Nataliia Pidmurniak, Inbar Zucker, Joseph Cuthbertson, Bo Burström, Manuel Barron, Ivan Eržen, Fabrizio Stracci, Wilson Calmon, Cyndy Martial, Olesia Verstiuk, Zalman Kaufman, Wenjing Tao, Maia Kereselidze, Nino Chikhladze, Antonis Polemitis, Andreas Charalambous, University of Nicosia, École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Département Méthodes quantitatives en santé publique (METIS), Centre de Recherches sur l'Action Politique en Europe (ARENES), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by the University of Nicosia Medical School (internal funding). The funding source did not have any involvement in study design, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, and or in the decision to submit the paper for publication.

Renaud Sabatier, Séverine Garnier, Arnaud Guille, Nadine Carbuccia, Jihane Pakradouni, José Adelaide, Magali Provansal, Maria Cappiello, Frédérique Rousseau, Max Chaffanet, Daniel Birnbaum, Emilie Mamessier, Anthony Gonçalves, François Bertucci, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), This study was conducted under the sponsorship of Institut Paoli Calmettes and was supported by SIRIC, label Ligue EL2016, and Centre d'Investigations Cliniques (CICp1409). The funding sources were not involved in the study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, and and in the decision to submit the article for publication.

Martin Breyton, Émilien Schultz, Allan 'Ben' Smith, Alexandra Rouquette, Julien Mancini, Institut des sciences de la santé publique [Marseille] (ISSPAM), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), The University of Sydney, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), This work benefited from the support of La Ligue Contre le Cancer (France) through the accreditation (LIGUE 2019) of the CANBIOS team. The sponsors had no role in study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, and and in the decision to submit the paper for publication.

Pedro Carmona-Sáez, Joaquín Dopazo, Víctor González-Rumayor, Adoracion Martin-Gomez, Fatima Al-Shahrour, Gonzalo Gómez-López, Juan Antonio Villatoro-García, Maria Peña-Chilet, Julio Saez-Rodriguez, Guillermo Barturen, Marta E. Alarcón-Riquelme, Jordi Martorell-Marugán, Kevin Troulé, Adrian Garcia-Moreno, Daniel Toro-Domínguez, Raúl López-Domínguez, European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Innovative Medicines Initiative, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (España), [Martorell-Marugán,J, López-Domínguez,R, García-Moreno,A, Toro-Domínguez,D, Villatoro-García,JA, Carmona-Sáez,P] Bioinformatics Unit, GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfzer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain. [Martorell-Marugán,J, González-Rumayor,V] Atrys Health S.A., Barcelona, Spain. [Toro-Domínguez,D, Barturen,G, Alarcón-Riquelme,ME] Genetics of Complex Diseases, GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfzer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain. [Villatoro-García,JA, Carmona-Sáez,P] Department of Statistics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. [Martín-Gómez,A] Nephrology Units, AADEA: Asociación Andaluza de Enfermedades Autoinmunes, Hospital de Poniente, Almería, Spain. [Troule,K, Gómez-López,G, Al-Shahrour,F] Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Center, CNIO, Madrid, Spain. [Peña-Chilet,M, Dopazo,J] Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain. [Peña-Chilet,M, Dopazo,J] Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain. [Peña-Chilet,M, Dopazo,J] Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain. [Dopazo,J] INB ELIXIR es, FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain. [Sáez-Rodríguez,J] Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC COMBINE), Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. [Sáez-Rodríguez,J] European Molecular Biology Laboratory-The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK. [Sáez-Rodríguez,J] Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. [Alarcón-Riquelme,ME] Unit of Chronic Infammatory Diseases, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., and This work is partially funded by FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento (Grant CV20-36723), Consejería de Salud (Grant PI‐0173‐2017) and by EU/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking PRECIS‑ESADS (115565). JMM is partially funded by Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad. None of the funding bodies played any role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data nor in writing the manuscript.

Christine Rieu, Fernando A. Bozza, Letizia Mancusi, Aurélien Mazeraud, Philippe Aegerter, Tarek Sharshar, Bruno Gonçalves, Shidasp Siami, Khaoussou Sylla, HAL UVSQ, Équipe, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris Cité - UFR Médecine [Santé] (UPCité UFR Médecine), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Instituto Estadual do cerebro Paulo Niemeyer, Centre Hospitalier Sud Essonnes, and This trial is funded by the Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique. TheLaboratoire Français du Biofractionnement provided the drugs at no-cost.None of them had any role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.

Elisabet Forsum, Patrick Müller, Signe Altmäe, Colm E Nestor, Pontus Henriksson, David Brodin, Antonio Lentini, Marie Löf, [Henriksson,P, Löf,M] Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. [Lentini,A, Nestor,CE] Crown Princess Victoria Children’s Hospital, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. [Altmäe,S] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. [Altmäe,S] Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain. [Brodin,D, Müller,P, Löf,M] Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. [Forsum,E] Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden., and The study was funded by Formas (data collection) and a grant from Bo and Vera Ax:son Johnsons Foundation (data analysis) (both ML). CEN was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (2015–03495) and the Swedish Cancer Society (CAN 2017/625). SA was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO) and European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) grants: RYC-2016-21199 and ENDORE SAF2017–87526. The funding body had no role in the design of the study, data collection, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the manuscript and the decision to publish. Open Access funding provided by Linköping University Library.

Airu Chia, Alexandra Descarpentrie, Rene N. Cheong, Jia Ying Toh, Padmapriya Natarajan, Ray Sugianto, Shirong Cai, Cécilia Saldanha-Gomes, Patricia Dargent-Molina, Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain, Sabine Plancoulaine, Carla Lança, Seang Mei Saw, Keith M. Godfrey, Lynette P. Shek, Kok Hian Tan, Marie-Aline Charles, Yap Seng Chong, Barbara Heude, Johan G. Eriksson, Falk Müller-Riemenschneider, Sandrine Lioret, Mary F.-F. Chong, Jonathan Y. Bernard, Clinicum, Research Programs Unit, Johan Eriksson / Principal Investigator, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health [Singapore, Singapore], National University of Singapore (NUS), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for science, technology and research [Singapore] (A*STAR), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences [Singapour] (SICS), Singapore Eye Research Institute [Singapore] (SERI), NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine [Singapore], KK Women's and Children's Hospital [Singapore], This research is supported by the Paris‐NUS grant (ANR‐18‐IDEX‐0001).The EDEN study is supported by Foundation for Medical Research (FRM), National Agency for Research (ANR), National Institute for Research in Public Health (IRESP: TGIR cohorte santé 2008 program), French Ministry of Health (DGS), French Ministry of Research, INSERM Bone and Joint Diseases National Research (PRO‐A), and Human Nutrition National Research Programs, Paris‐Sud University, Nestlé, French National Institute for Population Health Surveillance (InVS.), French National Institute for Health Education (INPES), the European Union FP7 programmes (FP7/2007–2013, HELIX, ESCAPE, ENRIECO, Medall projects), Diabetes National Research Program (through a collaborationwith the French Association of Diabetic Patients (AFD)), French Agency for Environmental Health Safety (now ANSES), Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale a complementary health insurance (MGEN), French National Agency for Food Security, French‐speaking Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism (ALFEDIAM).The GUSTO study is supported by the Singapore National Research Founda‐ tion under its Translational and Clinical Research Flagship Programme and administered by the Singapore Ministry of Health’s National Medical Research Council, Singapore ‐ NMRC/TCR/004‐NUS/2008, NMRC/TCR/012‐NUHS/2014. Additional funding is provided by the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore. KMG is supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12011/4), the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR Senior Investigator (NF‐SI‐0515‐10042) and NIHR South‐ ampton Biomedical Research Centre (IS‐BRC‐1215‐20004)), the European Union (Erasmus+ Programme ImpENSA 598488‐EPP‐1‐2018‐1‐DE‐EPPKA2‐ CBHE‐JP) and the British Heart Foundation (RG/15/17/3174). The funders had no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript., and ANR-18-IDEX-0001,Université de Paris,Université de Paris(2018)

Marine Cacioppo, Mathieu Lempereur, Antoine Marin, Hélène Rauscent, Armel Crétual, Sylvain Brochard, Isabelle Bonan, Optimisation Continue des Actions Thérapeutiques par l'Intégration d'Informations Multimodales, Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Fondation ILDYS (ILDYS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), Université de Rennes (UR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Neuroimagerie: méthodes et applications (EMPENN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SIGNAL, IMAGE ET LANGAGE (IRISA-D6), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), This work was supported by the IPSEN Company. They provided financial support for the conduct of the research. They were not involved in study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, and and in the decision to submit the article for publication.

Eva Ardanaz, Agnetha Linn Rostgaard-Hansen, Alessio Naccarati, Elisabete Weiderpass, Pekka Keski-Rahkonen, Rudolf Kaaks, Tilman Kühn, Anna Winkvist, Jośe Mariá Huerta, H. B. Bueno-De-Mesquita, Guri Skeie, Pietro Ferrari, Krasimira Aleksandrova, Gabriel Perlemuter, Augustin Scalbert, Olatz Mokoroa, Giovanna Tagliabue, Marc J. Gunter, Kim Overvad, José Ramón Quirós, Agneta Kiss, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Yahya Mahamat-Saleh, Talita Duarte-Salles, Nivonirina Robinot, Anne Tjønneland, Antonia Trichopoulou, Julie A. Schmidt, Christina C. Dahm, Roel Vermeulen, Rosario Tumino, Núria Sala, Joseph A. Rothwell, Sophia Harlid, Magdalena Stepien, Klas Sjöberg, Vivian Viallon, Neil Murphy, Anna Karakatsani, Salvatore Panico, Nicholas J. Wareham, María José Sánchez, Francesca Mancini, Domenico Palli, Mazda Jenab, Elio Riboli, Bodil Ohlsson, Kay-Tee Khaw, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut National Du Cancer, INCa: 2014-1-RT-02-CIRC-1 Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C570/A16491 Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Ligue Contre le Cancer German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS National Research Council, NRC 6236 Hellenic Health Foundation, HHF Fondation Gustave Roussy European Commission, EC Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC RD06/0020 Deutsche Krebshilfe World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF Cancerfonden Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1, This work was supported by the French National Cancer Institute (L'Institut National du Cancer, INCA) (grant number 2014-1-RT-02-CIRC-1, PI: M. Jenab). The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO), and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark), Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle G?n?rale de l'Education Nationale, and Institut National de la Sant? et de la Recherche M?dicale (INSERM) (France), Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece), Italian Association for Research on Cancer (AIRC), National Research Council, and AIRE-ONLUS Ragusa, AVIS Ragusa, Sicilian Government (Italy), Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), and Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands), and Nordic Center of Excellence Programme on Food, Nutrition and Health (Norway), Health Research Fund (FIS), Regional Governments of Andaluc?a, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia (No. 6236) and Navarra, and ISCIII RETIC (RD06/0020) and the Catalan Institute of Oncology (Spain), Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council, and Regional Government of Sk?ne and V?sterbotten (Sweden), Cancer Research UK (14136 for EPIC-Norfolk and C570/A16491 for EPIC-Oxford) and the Medical Research Council (1000143 for EPIC-Norfolk and MR/M012190/1 for EPIC-Oxford) (UK). The funding sources had no influence on the design of the study, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, the writing of the report, and or the decision to submit the paper for publication. Disclaimer: Where authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization.

Oriane Dudez, Emeric Lemaire, Camille Boulagnon-Rombi, Christelle Coquelet, Saviz Nasri, Nicole Bouland, Véronique Dalstein, Caroline Fichel, Lukshe Kanagaratnam, Aude Marchal-Bressenot, Marie-Danièle Diebold, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Plasticité de l'épithélium respiratoire dans les conditions normales et pathologiques - UMR-S 903 (PERPMP), SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UFR de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Service de Pathologie [CHU Reims], Hôpital universitaire Robert Debré [Reims], This study was funded by grants from the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Appel d'Offre Local 2015. Grant Numbers AOL 2015-11 (CBR). This study sponsor had no role in the study design and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data., The authors thank the Regional Platform of Innovative Biology (PRBI) for their excellent technical assistance., Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)

Deschasaux-Tanguy, Mélanie, Srour, Bernard, Bourhis, Laurent, Arnault, Nathalie, Druesne-Pecollo, Nathalie, Esseddik, Younes, de Edelenyi, Fabien Szabo, Allègre, Julien, Allès, Benjamin, Andreeva, Valentina A., Baudry, Julia, Fezeu, Leopold K., Galan, Pilar, Julia, Chantal, Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle, Péneau, Sandrine, Hercberg, Serge, Bajos, Nathalie, Severi, Gianluca, Zins, Marie, de Lamballerie, Xavier, Carrat, Fabrice, Touvier, Mathilde, Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Equipe 3: EREN- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (CRESS - U1153), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les enjeux Sociaux - sciences sociales, politique, santé (IRIS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), The SAPRIS/SAPRIS-SERO projects received funding from ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche, #ANR-20-COVI-000, #ANR-10-COHO-06), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (#20RR052-00), and Inserm (InstitutNational de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, #C20-26). The NutriNetSanté cohort study was supported by the following public institutions: Ministère de la Santé, Santé Publique France, Institut National de la Santé et de laRecherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM) and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord. Study investigators are independent from the funders. Funders had no role in the study design, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, the writing of themanuscript, or the decision to submit the article for publication., SAPRIS-SERO study group: Fabrice Carrat, Pierre-Yves Ancel, Nathalie Bajos, Marie-Aline Charles, Gianluca Severi, Mathilde Touvier, Marie Zins, Sofiane Kab, Adeline Renuy, Stephane Le-Got, Celine Ribet, Emmanuel Wiernik, Marcel Goldberg, Marie Zins, Fanny Artaud, Pascale Gerbouin-Rérolle, Mélody Enguix, Camille Laplanche, Roselyn Gomes-Rima, Lyan Hoang, Emmanuelle Correia, Alpha Amadou Barry, Nadège Senina, Gianluca Severi, Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi, Julien Allègre, Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo, Younes Esseddik, Serge Hercberg, Mathilde Touvier, Marie-Aline Charles, Pierre-Yves Ancel, Valérie Benhammou, Anass Ritmi, Laetitia Marchand, Cecile Zaros, Elodie Lordmi, Adriana Candea, Sophie de Visme, Thierry Simeon, Xavier Thierry, Bertrand Geay, Marie-Noelle Dufourg, Karen Milcent, Clovis Lusivika-Nzinga, Gregory Pannetier, Nathanael Lapidus, Isabelle Goderel, Céline Dorival, Jérôme Nicol, Fabrice Carrat, Cindy Lai, Hélène Esperou, Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues, Jean-Marie Gagliolo, Hélène Blanché, Jean-Marc Sébaoun, Jean-Christophe Beaudoin, Laetitia Gressin, Valérie Morel, Ouissam Ouili, Jean-François Deleuze, Stéphane Priet, Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Toscane Fourié, Souand Mohamed Ali, Abdenour Amroun, Morgan Seston, Nazli Ayhan, Boris Pastorino, Xavier de Lamballerie, European Project: 637408,NHMRC::Early Career Fellowships(2010), Malbec, Odile, INSERM - - NHMRC::Early Career Fellowships2010-01-01 - 2010-12-31 - 637408 - VALID, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université de Paris (UP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and ANR-20-COVI-0009,SAPRIS,Santé, perception, pratiques, relations et inégalités sociales en population générale pendant la crise COVID-19(2020)

Heinz Freisling, Susana Merino, Aurelio Barricarte, Augustin Scalbert, Domenico Palli, Eleni Peppa, Hanna Nyström, Klas Sjöberg, Magdalena Stepien, Antonia Trichopoulou, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Marina Lopez-Nogueroles, Gianluca Severi, Carlotta Sacerdote, Dragos Ciocan, Tilman Kühn, Elisabete Weiderpass, Cosmin Sebastian Voican, Manuela M. Bergmann, Gabriel Perlemuter, Eugene Jansen, Rudolf Kaaks, Michael F. Leitzmann, Julie A. Schmidt, Catherine Dong, Anna Karakatsani, María José Sánchez, Rosario Tumino, Bodil Ohlsson, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Marc J. Gunter, Raul Zamora Ros, Guri Skeie, José Mª Huerta, Heiner Boeing, Agustín Lahoz, Vittorio Krogh, Pilar Amiano, Francesca Mancini, Anne Tjønneland, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Salvatore Panico, Mazda Jenab, Sofia Christakoudi, Vivian Viallon, Renée T. Fortner, Mårten Werner, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre)-Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Radiology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ, Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC, National Research Council, NRC, University of Maryland School of Public Health, SPH, Medical Research Council, MRC: 1000143, MR/M012190/1, Cancer Research UK, CRUK: 14136, C8221/A29017, World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF, University of Cambridge, Imperial College London, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF, Cancerfonden, Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS, Ligue Contre le Cancer, Vetenskapsrådet, VR, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII, Deutsche Krebshilfe, Institut National Du Cancer, INCa: 2009‐139, 2014‐1‐RT‐02‐CIRC‐1, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN, NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC, This work was supported in part by the French National Cancer Institute (L'Institut National du Cancer, INCa, grant numbers 2009‐139 and 2014‐1‐RT‐02‐CIRC‐1, PI: M. Jenab) and by internal funds of the IARC. The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The national cohorts are supported by: Danish Cancer Society (Denmark), Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France), German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐Rehbruecke (DIfE), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany), Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro‐AIRC‐Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy), Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands), Health Research Fund (FIS)—Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra and the Catalan Institute of Oncology—ICO (Spain), Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden), Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC‐Norfolk, C8221/A29017 to EPIC‐Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC‐Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC‐Oxford) (United Kingdom). The funding sources had no influence on the design of the study, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, the writing of the report, or the decision to submit the article for publication. Funding information, and We would like to acknowledge Dr Krasimira Aleksandrova for input on the present manuscript, along with the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (Bilthoven, The Netherlands), the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Public Health Aarhus University (Aarhus, Denmark), University of Cambridge (Cambridge, United Kingdom), for their contributions and ongoing support to the EPIC Study.

Pascale, Vonaesch, Serge Ghislain, Djorie, Kaleb Jephté Estimé, Kandou, Maheninasy, Rakotondrainipiana, Laura, Schaeffer, Prisca Vega, Andriatsalama, Ravaka, Randriamparany, Bolmbaye Privat, Gondje, Synthia, Nigatoloum, Sonia Sandrine, Vondo, Aurélie, Etienne, Annick, Robinson, Francis Allen, Hunald, Lisette, Raharimalala, Tamara, Giles-Vernick, Laura, Tondeur, Frédérique, Randrianirina, Alexandra, Bastaraud, Jean-Chrysostome, Gody, Philippe Jean, Sansonetti, Rindra Vatosoa, Randremanana, Inès, Vigan-Womas, Pathogénie microbienne moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité d'Epidémiologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology, Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Centre pédiatrique de Bangui, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère-Enfant de Tsaralalàna (CHUMET), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona (CHUJRA), Anthropologie et écologie de l’émergence des maladies - Anthropology and Ecology of Disease Emergence, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre de Biologie Clinique [Antananarivo] (IPM), Laboratoire d'hygiène des aliments et de l'environnement [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Unité d’Épidémiologie et de Recherche clinique [Antananarivo, Madagascar], The epidemiological part of AFRIBIOTA was funded by the Total Foundation and the Fondation Petram. PV was supported by an Early Postdoctoral Fellowship (Grant No. P2EZP3_152159), an Advanced Postdoctoral Fellowship (Grant No. P300PA_177876) as well as a Return Grant (Grant No. P3P3PA_17877) from the Swiss National Science Foundation, a Roux-Cantarini Fellowship (2016) and a L’Oréal-UNESCO for Women in Science France Fellowship (2017). PJS is a HHMI Senior Foreign Scholar. The funders had no role in study design or collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing this manuscript., AFRIBIOTA Investigators: Laurence Barbot-Trystram, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France, Robert Barouki, Hôpital Necker-Enfants maladies, Paris, France, Alexandra Bastaraud, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar, Jean-Marc Collard, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar, Maria Doria, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Aurélie Etienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France/Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Madagascar, Serge Ghislain Djorie, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic, Tamara Giles-Vernick, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Bolmbaye Privat Gondje, Complexe Pédiatrique de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic, Jean-Chrysostome Gody, Complexe Pédiatrique de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic, Francis Allen Hunald, Service de Chirurgie pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona (CHU-JRA), Antananarivo, Madagascar, Nathalie Kapel, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France, Jean-Pierre Lombart, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic, Alexandre Manirakiza, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic, Synthia Nazita Nigatoloum, Complexe Pédiatrique de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic, Lisette Raharimalala, Centre de Santé Materno-Infantile, Tsaralalana, Antananarivo, Madagascar, Maheninasy Rakotondrainipiana, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar, Rindra Randremanana, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar, Harifetra Mamy Richard Randriamizao, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona (CHU-JRA), Antananarivo, Madagascar, Frédérique Randrianirina, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar, Annick Robinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant de Tsaralalana, Antananarivo, Madagascar, Pierre-Alain Rubbo, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, République Centrafricaine, Philippe Sansonetti, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Laura Schaeffer, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Ionela Gouandjika-Vassilache, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, République Centrafricaine, Pascale Vonaesch, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Sonia Sandrine Vondo, Complexe Pédiatrique de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic, Inès Vigan-Womas, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar. We wish to thank further all families and fieldworkers who contributed to this study, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Vigan-Womas, Inès

Gwendal Coste, Fabien Robin, Jonathan Chemouny, Camille Tron, Jérôme Le Priol, Régis Bouvet, Marc Le Vée, Pauline Houssel-Debry, Michel Rayar, Marie-Clémence Verdier, Mikael Roussel, Marie-Dominique Galibert, Edouard Bardou-Jacquet, Olivier Fardel, Cécile Vigneau, Karim Boudjema, Bruno Laviolle, Florian Lemaitre, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire et génomique médicale [CHU Rennes], Microenvironment and B-cells: Immunopathology,Cell Differentiation, and Cancer (MOBIDIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Etablissement français du sang [Rennes] (EFS Bretagne)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and This work was partly supported by a research grant by Sandoz and the bourse Ouest Transplant. The funding source had no involvement in any part of the study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, and in the decision to submit the article for publication.

Farouk Rezgui, Sihem Bouriche, E. Fernández-Varón, Angela Alonso-García, Carlos M. Cárceles-Rodríguez, [Bouriche,S, Rezgui,F] Laboratoire des Matériaux Organiques (LMO), Faculté de Technologie, Département de Génie des Procédés, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria. [Bouriche,S, Alonso-García,A, Cárceles-Rodríguez,CM] Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain. [Fernández-Varón,E] Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain. [Fernández-Varón,E] Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain., and This research was funded by the Government of the Region de Murcia (Spain) by the Fundación Séneca (project 20950/PI/18). The Fundación Séneca had no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.

Andrew S. Levey, Armando Teixeira-Pinto, Samuel Fung, Nicole Scholes-Robertson, Gloria Ashuntantang, Laura Cortés Sanabria, Samaya Anumudu, Amelie Bernier-Jean, Martin Howell, Louese Dunn, Tim Usherwood, Eduardo Lorca, Martin Wilkie, Andrea Matus Gonzalez, Magdalena Madero, Ikechi G. Okpechi, Daniel Gallego, Jonathan C. Craig, Adeera Levin, Allison Tong, Patrick Rossignol, Katherine Widders, Yeoungjee Cho, Ian H. de Boer, Andrea K. Viecelli, David C. Wheeler, Nicole Evangelidis, Bénédicte Sautenet, Laura Sola, Chandana Guha, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital [Sydney], MethodS in Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch (SPHERE), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Service de néphrologie et immunologie clinique [CHRU Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau-Université de Tours (UT), Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Université de Yaoundé I, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Kidney Research Institute [Seattle] (KRI), Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, Federacion Nacional ALCER (Spanish Kidney Patient's Federation), Tufts University School of Medicine [Boston], University of British Columbia (UBC), Hospital Salvador, University of Cape Town, University of Alberta, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aiguë et Chronique (DCAC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre d'investigation clinique plurithématique Pierre Drouin [Nancy] (CIC-P), Centre d'investigation clinique [Nancy] (CIC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists [Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy] (INI-CRCT), Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux Louis Mathieu [Nancy], French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network - F-CRIN [Paris] (Cardiovascular & Renal Clinical Trialists - CRCT ), Dialysis Unit, CASMU-IAMPP, Montevideo, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Centre for Nephrology, UCL Medical School, Translational Research Institute, University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Baylor College of Medecine, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], This project is supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Program Grant 1092597. NE is supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Program Grant 1092597. AT is supported by The University of Sydney Robinson Fellowship. YC is supported by the NHMRC Early Career Fellowship 1126256. AV is supported by a Jacquot Research Establishment Fellowship. The funding bodies do not have a role in the design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication., Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Faculty of Health Sciences, Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Service de néphrologie et immunologie clinique [CHRU Tours] (EA4245 UT), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau-Université de Tours, and BOZEC, Erwan

de Andrés-Nogales F., Cruz E., Calleja M.Á., Delgado O., Gorgas M.Q., Espín J., Mestre-Ferrándiz J., Palau F., Ancochea A., Arce R., Domínguez-Hernández R., Casado M.Á., Gómez Pajuelo P., Gorgas Torner M.Q., López Andrés A., López Rodríguez M., Marín Ballvé A., Martín Herranz M.I., Morell Baladrón A., Sánchez Martínez F.I., Antoñanzas F., Bonanad S., Caballero T., Cabasés J.M., Cruz J., García-Goñi M., Gil R., Pajuelo P.G., Torner M.Q.G., Andrés A.L., Rodríguez M.L., Ballvé A.M., Herranz M.I.M., Baladrón A.M., Mur C., Machado M.P., Martínez F.I.S., Santos A.R., Suárez M., Trillo J.L., the FinMHU-MCDA Group, Institut Català de la Salut, [de Andrés-Nogales F] Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research Iberia (PORIB), 28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain. [Cruz E] Asociación Española de Medicamentos Biosimilares, Madrid, Spain. [Calleja MA] Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain. [Delgado O] Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. [Gorgas MQ] Servei de Farmàcia, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. [Espín J] Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), Granada, Spain. CIBER de Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, [de Andrés-Nogales,F, Domínguez-Hernández,R, Casado,MÁ] Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research Iberia (PORIB), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain. [Cruz,E] Asociación Española de Medicamentos Biosimilares, Madrid, Spain. [Calleja,MÁ] Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain. [Delgado,O] Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitari Vall D’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. [Espín,J] Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain. [Espín,J] Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), Granada, Spain. [Espín,J] CIBER de Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. [Mestre-Ferrándiz,J] Consultor Económico Independiente, Madrid, Spain. [Mestre-Ferrándiz,J] Madrid, Spain. [Palau,F] Servicio de Medicina Genética y CIBERER, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Clínic y Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Ancochea,A] Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras (FEDER), Madrid, Spain. [Arce,R] Asociación Española de Laboratorios de Medicamentos Huérfanos y Ultrahuérfanos (AELMHU), Barcelona, Spain., and This project was carried out with an unrestricted grant from AELMHU (Aso‑ciación Española de Laboratorios de Medicamentos Huérfanos y Ultrahuér‑fanos). AELMHU was not involved in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and writing the manuscript

Trude Eid Robsahm, Agnès Fournier, Yahya Mahamat-Saleh, Reza Ghiasvand, Marina Kvaskoff, Manon Cairat, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Iris Cervenka, Marie Al Rahmoun, Gianluca Severi, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Cancer Registry of Norway, International Agency for Cancer Research (IACR), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), 2102 918823, NCT03285230, Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR-10-COHO-0006, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Institut National Du Cancer, INCa: INCa_13539, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN, We are grateful to the study participants for their continued participation and to practitioners for providing pathology reports. We also thank all members of the E3N study group, particularly Rafika Cha?t, Ghizlane Bajawi-Esselma, Amandine Gelot, Marie Fangon, Pascale Gerbouin-R?rolle, Sabine Moreira-Faria, Nad?ge Senina, Sofiane Harizi, Lyan Hoang, Anita Kowal, and Camille Laplanche for their technical assistance. The E3N cohort from the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) was supported by the Mutuelle G?n?rale de l'Education Nationale, the Gustave Roussy Institute, and the French League against Cancer. E3N-E4N is also supported by the French National Research Agency under the Investment for the Future Program (ANR-10-COHO-0006) and by the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (subsidy for public service charges #2102 918823). MAR, YMS, and IC were supported by research scholarships from the French National Cancer Institute (MAR: INCa_13539), the Paris Ile-de-France region, and the French Ministry of Research, respectively. This study is listed at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03285230. The work reported in this paper was performed during Agn?s Fournier's term as a Visiting Scientist at the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Conceptualization: MK, AF, Data Curation: MAR, AF, Formal Analysis: MAR, Funding Acquisition: MAR, MK, AF, Investigation: MAR, MK, AF, Methodology: MK, AF, Project Administration: MK, AF, Resources: GS, MCBR, MK, AF, Software: MAR, AF, Supervision: MK, AF, Visualization: MAR, Validation: MK, AF, Writing - Original Draft Preparation: MAR, RG, TER, MK, AF, Writing - Review and Editing: MAR, RG, MC, YMS, IC, GS, MCBR, TER, MK, AF, Funding sources had no role in study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, writing of the report, and the decision to submit the article for publication., ANR-10-COHO-0006,E4N,Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale(2010), HAL UVSQ, Équipe, and Cohortes - Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale - - E4N2010 - ANR-10-COHO-0006 - COHO - VALID

Roberto Diaz-Beveridge, Luis Miguel De Sande-González, Antonio López Pousa, Jordi Rubió-Casadevall, Javier Martin-Broto, Pablo Luna, Juan Antonio Carrasco, Claudia M Valverde-Morales, Andres Poveda, Gloria Marquina, María Ángeles Vaz Salgado, Javier Martinez-Trufero, Antonio Gutierrez, Ana De Juan, Juana María Cano, Ibon Gurruchaga-Sotes, Isabel Sevilla, Josefina Cruz-Jurado, Jerónimo Martínez-García, Rosa Alvarez, David S. Moura, Institut Català de la Salut, [Martínez-Trufero J] Javier Martinez-Trufero, Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain. [De Sande-González LM] Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Leon, Leon, Spain. [Luna P] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. [Martin-Broto J] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS, CSIC, US, HUVR), Sevilla, Spain. [Álvarez R] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain. [Marquina G] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. [Valverde-Morales CM] Servei d’Oncologia Mèdica, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, [Martínez-Trufero,J, Gurruchaga-Sotes,I] Javier Martinez-Trufero, Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain. [De Sande-González,LM] Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Leon, Leon, Spain. [Luna,P] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. [Martin-Broto,J] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS, CSIC, US, HUVR), Sevilla, Spain. [Álvarez,R] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain. [Marquina,G] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. [Diaz-Beveridge,R] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain. [Poveda,A] Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain. [Cano,JM] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain. [Cruz-Jurado,J] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. [López Pousa,A] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. [Vaz Salgado,MA] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, RYCIS, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain. [Valverde-Morales,C] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Vall D’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. [Sevilla,I] Investigación Clínica y Traslacional en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga (IBIMA), Medical Oncology Department, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Malaga, Spain. [Martínez-García,J] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain. [Rubio-Casadevall,J] Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Catalan Oncologia, Girona, Spain. [De Juan,A] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain. [Carrasco,JA] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain. [Moura,DS] Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS, CSIC, US, HUVR), Sevilla, Spain. [Gutiérrez,A] Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain., and This research was funded by the Spanish Group for Research on Sarcoma (grant number: NA) and partially by PharmaMar. PharmaMar S.A. did not have any role in study design, or in collection, analysis and interpretation of data.

Néant, N. (Nadège), Lingas, G. (Guillaume), Le Hingrat, Q. (Quentin), Ghosn, J. (Jade), Engelmann, I. (Ilka), Lepiller, Q. (Quentin), Gaymard, A. (Alexandre), Ferré, V. (Virginie), Hartard, C. (Cédric), Plantier, J-C. (Jean-Christophe), Thibault, V. (V.), Marlet, J. (Julien), Montes, B. (Brigitte), Bouiller, K. (Kevin), Lescure, F-X. (François-Xavier), Timsit, J-F. (Jean-François), Faure, E. (Emmanuel), Poissy, J. (Julien), Chidiac, C. (Christian), Raffi, F. (François), Kimmoun, A. (Antoine), Etienne, M. (Manuel), Richard, J-C. (Jean-Christophe), Tattevin, P. (Pierre), Garot, D. (Denis), Le Moing, V. (Vincent), Bachelet, D. (Delphine), Tardivon, C. (Coralie), Duval, X. (Xavier), Yazdanpanah, Y. (Yazdan), Mentré, F. (France), Laouénan, C. (Cédric), Visseaux, B. (Benoit), Guedj, J. (Jérémie), plantier, Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Services de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Bichat], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut de Microbiologie [CHRU Lille], Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (UR 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement (LCPME), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de virologie [Rouen], Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Morphogénèse et antigénicité du VIH et du virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH - U1259 Inserm - CHRU Tours ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Service d'anesthésie - réanimation chirurgicale [CHU Bichat], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Lyon] (hôpital de la Croix-Rousse), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU Lyon], Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Nantes (CIC Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aiguë et Chronique (DCAC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists [Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy] (INI-CRCT), Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux Louis Mathieu [Nancy], French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network - F-CRIN [Paris] (Cardiovascular & Renal Clinical Trialists - CRCT ), Service de Réanimation Médicale [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Rouen], Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé (CREATIS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modeling & analysis for medical imaging and Diagnosis (MYRIAD), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), ARN régulateurs bactériens et médecine (BRM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation [Tours], Département Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Universitaire, Montpellier, France, Département d’Epidémiologie, de Biostatistique et de Recherche Clinique [AP-HP Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard] (DEBRC), Centre d'investigation Clinique [CHU Bichat] - Épidémiologie clinique (CIC 1425), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), The study has received financial support from the National Research Agency (ANR) through the ANR-Flash call for COVID-19 (Grant ANR-20-COVI-0018) and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation under Grant Agreement INV-017335. The French cohort was supported by the REACTing consortium and by a grant from the French Ministry of Health (Grant PHRC 20-0424). The funders had no role in the study design, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, and in the decision to submit the article for publication., ANR-20-COVI-0018,TheraCoV,Dynamique virale au niveau individuel et populationnel : implications pour l'optimisation des stratégies antivirales(2020), Normandie Université (NU)-Département de microbiologie : Bactério, Virologie, Parasito, Hygiène, Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), HAL UR1, Admin, Dynamique virale au niveau individuel et populationnel : implications pour l'optimisation des stratégies antivirales - - TheraCoV2020 - ANR-20-COVI-0018 - COVID-19 - VALID, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen]-CHU Rouen, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen]-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Université de Lille, CNRS, Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution [IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)], Pathogenèse virale du diabète de type 1 - ULR 3610, Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (UR 3181) [CEF2P / CARCINO], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon [CHRU Besançon], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes [CHU Nantes], Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement [LCPME], Morphogénèse et antigénicité du VIH et du virus des Hépatites [MAVIVH - U1259 Inserm - CHRU Tours ], CHU Montpellier, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) [LCE], Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 [CIIL], Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF) - UMR 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 [UGSF], Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse - HCL], Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Nantes [CIC Nantes], Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aiguë et Chronique [DCAC], Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists [Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy] [INI-CRCT], French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network - F-CRIN [Paris] [Cardiovascular & Renal Clinical Trialists - CRCT ], Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Rouen], Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé [CREATIS], ARN régulateurs bactériens et médecine [BRM], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours [CHRU Tours], Département d'épidémiologie, biostatistique et recherche clinique, and Centre d'investigation Clinique [CHU Bichat] - Épidémiologie clinique [CIC 1425]

Jean Claude Henrard, Graziano Onder, Eva Topinkova, Henriëtte G. van der Roest, Viona J. M. Wijnen, Letty Oudewortel, Willem A. van Gool, Rosa Liperoti, Michael Denkinger, Harriet Finne-Soveri, Neurology, Public and occupational health, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Mental Health, ANS - Neurodegeneration, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), The SHELTER study was funded by the EU 7th Framework Program ( IGAMH-CR NS-10029-4 ). All researchers, including the coauthors, were independent from the funder, and the funding body did not play any role in the study design, in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, and in manuscript preparation, or in the decision to submit the article for publication.

Fabien Degalez, Frédéric Jehl, Kévin Muret, Maria Bernard, Frédéric Lecerf, Laetitia Lagoutte, Colette Désert, Frédérique Pitel, Christophe Klopp, Sandrine Lagarrigue, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Système d'Information des GENomes des Animaux d'Elevage (SIGENAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Université Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), French institutions Institut Agro (AGROCAMPUS OUEST) and INRAE [Fr-AgENCODE project (2015–2017) and ELASTICe project (2012)]. FJ, FD, and KM were Ph.D. fellows supported by the Brittany region (France) and the INRAE Animal Genetics division. These funding bodies had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, or in the writing of the manuscript., ANR-11-BSV7-0004,FatInteger,Recherche de régulateurs clefs de la plasticité lipidique chez deux espèces monogastriques majeures (porc et poule) en combinant des données haut débit et des approches statistique, bioinformatique et phylogénique.(2011), ANR-13-ADAP-0014,ChickStress,Mécanismes d'adaptation à la chaleur et à un aliment suboptimal chez la poule pondeuse(2013), ANR-09-GENM-0004,EpiBird,Analyse Epigénétique chez les Oiseaux(2009), European Project: 633531,H2020,H2020-SFS-2014-2,Feed-a-Gene(2015), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Axel Le Cesne, Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Olivier Mir, Jean-Yves Blay, Nicolas Penel, Bernadette Liegl-Atzwanger, Karl Kashofer, Rainer Hamacher, Emilie Decoupigny, Jennifer Wallet, Thomas Brodowicz, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna, Medical University of Graz, Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer Oscar Lambret [Lille] (UNICANCER/Lille), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-UNICANCER, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Département interdisciplinaire d’organisation des parcours patients (DIOPP), Département de médecine oncologique [Gustave Roussy], West German Cancer Center [Essen, Germany], Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Institutes of Health, NIH Bayer HealthCare, BHC Bayer HealthCare, BHC, Funding: This study was fully funded by Bayer HealthCare, S.A.S. The study design was set up by the study coordinators (NP and TB), the sponsor, and their statisticians. Bayer HealthCare S.A.S. had no role in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data. The corresponding authors had full access to all of the data, and the final responsibility to submit for publication. This study was not funded by NIH., Conflicts of Interest: N.P., T.B., and J.Y.B. received research funding from Bayer HealthCare SA. T.B. reports personal fees from Roche, Amgen, Bayer, Novartis, PharmaMar, and Eisai outside the submitted work. A.L.C. declares personal fees from Novatis, PharmaMar, Pfizer, Lilly and Ariad, outside the submitted work. O.M. reports personal fees from Roche, Pfizer, Novartis, Bayer, Amgen, Astra-Zeneca, and BMS, outside the submitted work. All other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Université de Lille-UNICANCER, Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay

Christophe Pison, Raphaëlle Varraso, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Jean-Louis Pépin, Valérie Siroux, Bruno Degano, Isabelle Pin, Emie Seyve, Orianne Dumas, Nicole Le Moual, Alicia Guillien, Johanna Lepeule, Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique (VIMA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Hypoxie : Physiopathologie Respiratoire et Cardiovasculaire (HP2), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics = Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée (LBFA), ANR Investissements d'avenir (ANR-15-IDEX-02), This work was supported in part by the Hospital Program of Clinical Research (PHRC)–Paris, PHRC-Grenoble, National PHRC 2012, the scientific committee 'AGIR pour les Maladies Chroniques' Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD), the GA2LEN project (Global Allergy and Asthma European Network) and ANR 'Investissements d'avenir' (ANR-15-IDEX-02). ISGlobal is a member of CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. Funding sources had no involvement in study design, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, and the decision to submit the article for publication., BARBAGALLO, Maïlys, and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Tharrey, Marion, Sachs, Ashby, Perignon, Marlène, Simon, Chantal, Méjean, Caroline, Litt, Jill, Darmon, Nicole, Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Colorado [Boulder], Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), This research was part of the Surfood-Foodscape project. This work was publicly funded through ANR (the French National Research Agency) under the 'Investissements d’avenir' programme, reference ANR-10-LABX-001-01 Labex Agro, and coordinated by the Agropolis Foundation. It was also supported by the Olga Triballat Institute. The funders had no role in the design of the study or the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, or in writing the manuscript., ANR-10-LABX-0001,AGRO,Agricultural Sciences for sustainable Development(2010), Perez, Isabelle, Agricultural Sciences for sustainable Development - - AGRO2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0001 - LABX - VALID, Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Enrique Lluch-Girbés, Federico Montero-Cuadrado, Antonio Cuesta-Vargas, Agustín Mayo-Iscar, María Carmen Coca-López, Miguel Angel Galan-Martin, [Galan-Martin,MA, Montero-Cuadrado,F] Unit for Active Coping Strategies for Pain in Primary Care, East-Valladolid Primary Care Management, Castilla and León Public Health System (Sacyl), Valladolid, Spain. [Galan-Martin,MA] Doctoral Program of Research in Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain. [Lluch-Girbes,E] Department of Physical Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. [Lluch-Girbes,E] Pain in Motion International Research Group, Brussels, Belgium. [Lluch-Girbes,E] Department of Human Physiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Vrije University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. [Coca-López,MC] Castilla and León Regional Centre of Sports Medicine, (Sacyl), Valladolid, Spain. [Mayo-Iscar,A] Department of Statistics and Operational Research and IMUVA, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain. [Cuesta-Vargas,A] Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain. [Cuesta-Vargas,A] Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga. IBIMA, Málaga, Spain. [Cuesta-Vargas,A] School of Clinical Science, Faculty of Health Science, Queensland University Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia., This research was funded by the Regional Health Management of Castilla and León and the Professional College of Physiotherapists of Castilla and León. The funds were obtained in competitive calls. Mayo-Iscar was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, grant MTM2017–86061-C2–1-P, and by the Education Department of Castilla and León Government and FEDER, grant VA005P17 and VA002G18. The funding bodies were not involved in the design of the study, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, and in writing the manuscript., Pain in Motion, and Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy

Marcos Sterkel, Jose Manuel Latorre-Estivalis, Marcelo G. Lorenzo, Sheila Ons, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos [universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina] (CREG-UNLP), Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP), LE STUDIUM (LE STUDIUM), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This project has been supported by LE STUDIUM Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Orléans & Tours, France with funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 665790Authors are indebted to INCTEM (Project number: 573959/2008–0), FAPEMIG (Project number: APQ-01359-11), PROEP-FIOCRUZ (Project number: 401973/2012–3), CNPq (Project number: 483805/2013–0), Le Studium for a granting research fellowship to MGL (Short Term Contract of Employment N° 2017–2001-179 - Y17F16), FIOCRUZ Visiting researcher fellowship program (fellowship to JML-E 550017/2015–17), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) postdoctoral fellowship (fellowship to JML-E 2015–2017) and Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (Project number: PICT 2016–3103). JML-E., MS and SO are researchers from CONICET. All these funds provided financial support in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript., The authors wish to thank the Program for Technological Development in Tools for Health-PDTIS-FIOCRUZ for having facilitated the use of its facilities. We wish to thank Ivana Helena Rocha Oliveira for her help in processing samples used in our experiments, Prof. Claudio Lazzari for kindly providing comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, and Dr. Gabriel da Rocha Fernandes and Fausto Gonçalves dos Santos for their help and support in the bioinformatic analyses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Chris Labaki, Ziad Bakouny, Abir Massaad, Ayman Assi, Aren Joe Bizdikian, Joeffroy Otayek, Mario Mekhael, Fares Yared, Ismat Ghanem, Wafa Skalli, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak (IBHGC), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), This research was funded by the University of Saint-Joseph (grant FM183). The funding source did not intervene in study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, and and in the decision to submit the article for publication.

Miguel Angel Galan-Martin, Federico Montero-Cuadrado, Antonio Cuesta-Vargas, Agustín Mayo-Iscar, Javier Sánchez-Sánchez, Enrique Lluch, [Montero-Cuadrado,F, Galán-Martín,MÁ] Unit for Active Coping Strategies for Pain in Primary Care, East-Valladolid Primary Care Management, Castilla and Leon Public Health System (Sacyl), Valladolid, Spain. [Sánchez-Sánchez,J] Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University Pontificia of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. [Sánchez-Sánchez,J] Research Group 'Planning and assessment of training and athletic performance', Salamanca, Spain. [Lluch,E] Department of Physical Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. [Lluch,E] Pain in Motion 'International Research Group', Brussels, Belgium. [Lluch,E] Department of Human Physiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Vrije University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. [Mayo-Iscar,A] Department of Statistics and Operational Research and IMUVA, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain. [Cuesta-Vargas,Á] Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain. [Cuesta-Vargas,Á] Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain. [Cuesta-Vargas,Á] School of Clinical Science, Faculty of Health Science, Queensland University Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia., This research was funded by Regional Health Management of Castilla and Leon, the Professional College of Physiotherapists of the Basque Country, and the University of Valladolid (MSc in Manual Therapy). The funds were obtained in competitive calls. Mayo-Iscar was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, grant MTM2017–86061-C2–1-P, and by the Education Department of Castilla and León Government and FEDER, grants VA005P17 and VA002G18. The funding bodies were not involved in the design of the study, in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, and or in writing the manuscript.

Florian Naudet, Ioana A. Cristea, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai [Cluj-Napoca], Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Financial supportIoana A. Cristea was supported by a grant from the Romanian Ministery of Research and Innovation, CNCS – UEFISCDI (project number PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2016-1054). The funder had no role in the design of the study, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, and the decision to approve publication.We would like to thank Dr. Tom E. Hardwicke for comments on an early draft of the manuscript., and Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

I. Bellido Estevez, Jose Luis Guerrero Orriach, J. Cruz Mañas, R. Barrera Serrano, A. Ramirez Fernandez, A. Gomez Luque, C. S. Toledo Medina, P. Hernandez Rodriguez, M. Ramirez Aliaga, M. Rubio Navarro, A. Malo Manso, J.J. Escalona Belmonte, I. Navarro Arce, A. Raigón Ponferrada, [Guerrero Orriach,JL, Raigón Ponferrada,A, Malo Manso,A, Ramirez Aliaga,M, Ramirez Fernandez,A, Escalona Belmonte,JJ, Bellido Estevez,I, Gomez Luque,A, Rubio Navarro,M, Cruz Mañas,J] Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga [IBIMA], Malaga, Spain. [Guerrero Orriach,JL, Navarro Arce,I, Hernandez Rodriguez,P, Barrera Serrano,R, Toledo Medina,CS, Cruz Mañas,J] Department of Anaesthesiology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain. [Guerrero Orriach,JL, Gomez Luque,A] Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain., and Anesthesia Department HU Virgen de la Victoria: design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.

Ibrahim Dan Dano, Halima Boubacar Maïnassara, Sani Ousmane, Stefano Tempia, Saidou Mamadou, Idi Issa, Bassira Issaka, Jean Testa, Adamou Lagare, Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (Niamey, Niger) (CERMES), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MassGenics [Atlanta, GA], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Pretoria, South Africa] (CDC-South Africa), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Université Abdou Moumouni [Niamey], This work was funded by the TOTAL Corporate Foundation through a partnership with Pasteur Institute of Paris and CERMES. The funder was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, writing of the report, and decision to submit the report for publication., and We are thankful to the MoH, CERMES, and clinicians and nurses at the HNN and HNL for their contributions.

E. Falcó, Reyes Ferreiro-Monteagudo, T. Cano, Manuel Benavides, E. Polo, Enrique Aranda, Enrique Grande, Emma Dotor, G. Durán-Ogalla, Alfredo Carrato, Margarita Reboredo, Antonieta Salud, B. Massuti, Mercedes Rodríguez-Garrote, Jose María Vieitez, Aitana Calvo, Laura Layos, P. García Alfonso, Javier Gallego, [Carrato,A] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, CIBERONC, Alcala University, Madrid, Spain. [Benavides,M, Durán-Ogalla,G] Hospital Regional Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain. [Massutí,B] Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain. [Ferreiro-Monteagudo,R, Rodriguez-Garrote,M, Grande,E] Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, CIBERONC, Alcala University, Madrid, Spain. [García Alfonso,P, Calvo,A] Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. [Falcó,E] Hospital Son Llatzer, Mallorca, Spain. [Reboredo,M] Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, La Coruña, Spain. [Cano,T, Aranda,E] Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, IMIBIC, University of Córdoba, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain. [Gallego,J] Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain. [Viéitez,JM] Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain. [Layos,L] Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, ICO, Badalona, Spain. [Salud,A] Hospital de Lleida Arnau de Vilanova, Lérida, Spain. [Polo,E] Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain. [Dotor,E] Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Barcelona, Spain., Financial support for this research was provided by Bayer Hispania, which has no role in the design of the study, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, and and in writing the manuscript.

Jaime Gómez-Laguna, Javier Pizarro-Cerdá, Juan J. Quereda, Jazmín Meza-Torres, Fernando Cardoso-Toset, Universidad de Córdoba = University of Córdoba [Córdoba], Centro de investigación agroaliementaria - Food Research Center [Córdoba, Spain] (CICAP), Yersinia, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre National de Référence de la Peste et autres Yersinioses - National Reference Center Plague and Yersinioses (CNR), Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU (CEU-UCH), This study was supported by the Agency for Innovation and Development of Andalucía (IDEA, and project reference 351504/550859), by the University of Córdoba Research Program (Spain), by the Andalusian FEDER Operational Funding Program, by Generalitat Valenciana (project reference GV/2018/A/183) and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project reference PID2019- 110764RA- I00). JG- L is supported by a ’Ramón y Cajal’ contract of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RYC-2014-16735). JJQ is supported by a ’Ramón y Cajal’ contract of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (RYC-2018-024985- I). The funding bodies had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, and in writing the manuscript.

Lorraine Bernard, Bernard Mazières, Francis Guillemin, Clémence Jeanmaire, Anne-Christine Rat, Evelyne Verrouil, Service de Rhumatologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre d'investigation clinique - Epidémiologie clinique [Nancy] (CIC-EC), Centre d'investigation clinique [Nancy] (CIC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation (APEMAC), Université de Lorraine (UL), Funding for the study cohort was obtained from public sources (INSERM, CHRU de Nancy, Conseil Régional de Lorraine, Société Française de Rhumatologie, Agence Nationale de la Recherche) and unrestricted grants from pharmaceutical companies (Expanscience, Genevrier, Genzyme, Negma, Almirall, Grünenthal, Merck & Co, Inc, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre Médicaments, Sanofi France) and groupe Pasteur mutualité. Opinions expressed in the present article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsors. The study sponsors did not take part in the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the report or the decision to submit the article for publication., and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Jean Pierre Lepine, Frank Bellivier, Philippe Faure, Emily Karsinti, Georges Brousse, Uwe Maskos, El Hedi Zerdazi, Kristel Piani, Florence Vorspan, Lucia Romo, Vanessa Bloch, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière, Paris, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie (VariaPsy - U1144), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Clinique, Psychanalyse, Développement (CliPsyD), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Neurobiologie intégrative des Systèmes cholinergiques, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de psychiatrie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Neuro-Psycho Pharmacologie des Systèmes Dopimanégiques sous-corticaux - Clermont Auvergne (NPsy-Sydo), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), This study was supported by the French Ministry of Health (PHRC National Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique) (AOM10165). This work was also supported by the Investissement d'Avenir program managed by the ANR under reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02. The groups of FB, UM, PF are members of the Bio-Psy Labex and supported by this program. The funding sponsors had no involvment in study design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, writing the manuscript, and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication., ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02/11-LABX-0035,BIOPSY,Laboratoire de Psychiatrie Biologique(2011), Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ALPOL Cosmétique, Alpol Cosmétique, Clinique, Psychanalyse, Développement ( CliPsyD ), Université Paris Nanterre ( UPN ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Neuro-Psycho Pharmacologie des Systèmes Dopimanégiques sous-corticaux - Clermont Auvergne ( NPsy-Sydo ), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ), Centre de Biochimie Structurale [Montpellier] ( CBS ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Neuropsychopharmacologie des addictions. Vulnérabilité et variabilité expérimentale et clinique ( NAVVEC (UM 81) ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Institut des sciences du Médicament -Toxicologie - Chimie - Environnement ( IFR71 ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL ( ENSCP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL ( ENSCP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Variabilité de réponse aux Psychotropes (VariaPsy - U1144), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Neurobiologie intégrative des Systèmes cholinergiques (NISC), Neurosciences Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Neuro-Psycho Pharmacologie des Systèmes Dopimanégiques sous-corticaux (NPsy-Sydo), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)

Françoise Dromer, Marie Desnos-Ollivier, Victoria Bórmida, Philippe Poirier, Stéphane Bretagne, Céline Nourrisson, Dinorah Pan, Andrès Puime, Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques-Mycologie Moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Ministerio de salud publica, Unidad de Parasitologia y Micologia, Montevideo, Uruguay, Universidad de Montevideo, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), The YEASTS program was supported in part by Institut de Veille Sanitaire/Santé Publique France, and Institut Pasteur. This work was partially supported by grants from the Uruguayan Agency for Innovation and Research (ANII_FSS_2009_1721, ANII_POS_2011_1_3472) and French Embassy in Uruguay/Amsud Pasteur. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, analysis or interpretation of data., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de parasitologie [Mondor], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Mycologie moléculaire, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques - National Reference Center Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Hôpital Saint-Louis, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Mariano Hernán, Julia Díez, Paloma Conde, Kirsten Budig, Marta Gutiérrez Sastre, Manuel Franco, [Budig,K, Diez,J, Conde,P, Franco,M] Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain. [Sastre,M] Madrid Salud, Public Health Institute, Madrid City Council, Madrid, Spain. [Hernán,M] Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Biomedical Research Networking Centres (CIBER), Granada, Spain. [Hernán,M] Biomedical Research Networking Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. [Franco,M] Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA, JD, PC and MF were funded by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007- 2013/ERC Starting Grant HeartHealthyHoods Agreement n. 336893). The Photovoice project was co-funded by an 'Ignacio Hernando de Llarramendi' research grant 2014 of the MAPFRE Foundation. Study sponsors had no role in study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, writing the report, and nor in the decision to submit the report for publication.

Sabrina Falkowski, Jean-Baptiste Woillard, Deborah Postil, Denis Smith, Rosine Guimbaud, Claire Thalamas, Pierre Marquet, Nicolas Picard, Koukeb Rouguieg-Malki, Nicole Tubiana-Mathieu, Antoine Pariente, Eric Terrebonne, Service d'Oncologie médicale [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Ciblage individuel et prévention des risques de traitements immunosupresseurs et de la transplantation (IPPRITT), CHU Limoges-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Limoges (CIC1435), CHU Limoges-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département d'hépatologie et de gastroentérologie [CHU Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Hôpital Haut-Lévêque [CHU Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Unité de Pharmaco-épidémiologie [CHU Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Université de Bordeaux Ségalen [Bordeaux 2], Département d'Oncologie [CHU Bordeaux] (Cancérologie/Oncologie/Digestive), GH Sud Haut-Lévêque [CHU Hôpitaux de Bordeaux] (Centre médico chirurgical Magellan)-Hôpital Saint-André [CHU de Bordeaux], Département d'Oncologie Digestive [CHU Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre d'investigation clinique de Toulouse (CIC 1436), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Pharmacologie, toxicologie et pharmacovigilance [CHU Limoges], This work was funded by the Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, the Regional Health Agency of Limousin and the Limoges University Hospital. The funders had no involvement in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript., BMC, BMC, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque - CHU de Bordeaux (Centre médico chirurgical Magellan)-Hôpital Saint-André [CHU de Bordeaux], Département Oncologie médicale digestive [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Maladies de l'appareil digestif [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Pôle Santé publique et médecine publique [CHU Toulouse]

Ziad Bakouny, Abir Massaad, Ismat Ghanem, Wafa Skalli, Gaby Kreichati, Elie Saghbini, Ayman Assi, Virginie Lafage, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak (IBHGC), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), New York University Langone Medical Center (NYU Langone Medical Center), NYU System (NYU), This study was supported by the research council of the University of Saint-Joseph (grant number: FM189). The study sponsors were involved in neither the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data nor in the writing of the manuscript, and nor in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Charlotte Moretti, Daniel Vaiman, Frédéric Tores, Julie Cocquet, Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Plateforme de génomique [SFR Necker], Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker ( SFR Necker - UMS 3633 / US24 ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), This work was supported by Inserm (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale), Cnrs (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Université Paris Descartes, the Agence Nationale de la Recherche program ANR-12–JSV2-0005–01 (to J.C.) and a Marie Curie fellowship FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IEF-273143 (to J.C.). The funding bodies did not have any role in the design of the study, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data nor in the writing of the manuscript., Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker (SFR Necker - UMS 3633 / US24), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), BMC, BMC, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Marietjie Venter, Juan Yang, Simona Puzelli, Antonino Bella, Joshua A. Mott, Rodrigo Fasce, Coulibaly Daouda, Jenny Lara, Hongjie Yu, Winston Andrade, Selim Badur, Cláudio Maierovitch Pessanha Henriques, François G. Schellevis, Jean-Michel Heraud, Akerke Ospanova, Sonam Wangchuk, Brechla Moreno, Herve A. Kadjo, Raymond T. P. Lin, Juan Manuel Rudi, Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira de Almeida, Gabriela Kusznierz, Joseph S. Bresee, Cheryl Cohen, Mai thi Quynh Le, Rhonda Owen, Maria Zambon, Maria Luisa Matute, Kunzang Dorji, Kate Pennington, Global Influenza B Study, Herman Kosasih, Nurhayati, Alla Mironenko, Ming Li, Angel Balmaseda, Alexey Clara, Alfredo Bruno, Richard Njouom, Phuong Vu Mai Hoang, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Celina de Lozano, Luzhao Feng, Olha Holubka, Amal Barakat, Lyazzat Kiyanbekova, Norosoa Harline Razanajatovo, Saverio Caini, Meral Akcay Ciblak, Raquel Guiomar, Richard Pebody, Leticia Castillo, Gideon O. Emukule, Liza Lopez, Doménica de Mora, Jeffery Cutter, Q. Sue Huang, Marie-Astrid Vernet, Abderrahman Bimohuen, John Paget, Lynnette Brammer, General practice, EMGO - Quality of care, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP), Istanbul University, Ministry of Health [Nicaragua] (MINSA), Ministry of Health [Morocco], Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública [Guayaquil, Ecuador] (INSPI), Ministerio de Salud Publica y Asistencia Social [Guatemala] (MSPAS), US Centers for Disease Control, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Ministry of Health, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador (MINSAL), Ministry of Health [Bhoutan], US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Instituto nacional de saude, Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Astana Center of Sanitary Epidemiology Expertise, US Naval Medical Research Unit n°2, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias 'Dr. Emilio Coni', Ministry of Health [Costa Rica], National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology [Hanoi, Vietnam] (NIHE), Ministry of Health [Honduras] (SESAL), National Influenza Center, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Office of Health Protection, Woden, ACT, Australia (DHAISS), Public Health England [London], National Institute of Health, University of Pretoria [South Africa], The Global Influenza B Study is supported by an unrestricted research grant from Sanofi Pasteur. The study sponsor had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, and and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. The study sponsor had no access to the data in the study.

Mélanie Durox, Monique Kaminski, Micheline Garel, Laurence Foix-l'Hélias, Babak Khoshnood, Pierre-Yves Ancel, Pascal Boileau, Julie Perlbarg, Françcois O. Goffinet, Département d'Oncologie Médicale [Centre René-Huguenin, Saint-Cloud], Hôpital René HUGUENIN (Saint-Cloud), Equipe 1 : EPOPé - Épidémiologie Obstétricale, Périnatale et Pédiatrique (CRESS - U1153), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Risques cliniques et sécurité en santé des femmes et en santé périnatale (RISCQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Fondation de France, and This study was supported by a grant from the Fondation de France (http:// www.fondationdefrance.org), which had no role in the design and conduct of the study, the collection, analysis or interpretation of data or writing of the report.

Ari Rabl, William Dab, Vincent Nedellec, Vincent Nedellec Conseils, École des Mines de Paris, Laboratoire Modélisation, épidémiologie et surveillance des risques sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), This work was done during the BAREPE project funded by grant from the French Ministry in charge of the environmental protection (Grant number: 11-MRES-PNRPE-3CVS-029) through the 'Programme National de Recherche sur les Perturbateurs Endocriniens' PNRPE (The National Research Programme on Endocrine Disruptors).The funding body has had no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript., Pasteur-Cnam risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)

William Dab, Vincent Nedellec, Ari Rabl, Vincent Nedellec Conseils, École des Mines de Paris, Laboratoire Modélisation, épidémiologie et surveillance des risques sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), This work was done during the BAREPE project funded by grant from the French Ministry in charge of the environmental protection (Grant number: 11-MRES-PNRPE-3CVS-029) through the 'Programme National de Recherche sur les Perturbateurs Endocriniens' PNRPE (The National Research Programme on Endocrine Disruptors).The funding body has had no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript., Pasteur-Cnam risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)

Saleh, Abdelsalam, Stathopoulou, Maria G., Dadé, Sébastien, Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba, Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen, Murray, Helena, Masson, Christine, Lamont, John, Fitzgerald, Peter, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Medical Genetics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Randox Laboratories, Service de Gériatrie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), This work was funded through the Collaborative BioIntelligence Program.The funding source had no implication in study design, in the collection,analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, and in thedecision to submit the article for publication., and BMC, BMC