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Copyright of Przegląd Europejski is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Considering technological competitiveness in diversification processes as the existence of key technologies that guarantee the current and future effective running of firms in terms of their technological and operational potential, this paper presents a multicriteria approach for its evaluation and provides an index for measuring the technological competitiveness of diversification processes. The application of this multicriteria approach, based on the analytic hierarchy process, in three real technological diversification processes allows (i) the validation of the hierarchical model (five levels and 25 attributes) and the index (73 indicators) proposed for evaluating the technological competitiveness; (ii) the use of this hierarchical model and index to confirm the suitability of the diversification process and to extract knowledge related to the technological and operational potential of the firm; and (iii) the exploitation of this knowledge in order to guarantee the long‐term survival of automotive components industry's firms. The methodology finds the most relevant attributes in the automotive component sector (innovative capacity and activity, good functioning of the management and finance departments). Its practical application determines the firm's suitability for a diversification process, identifies the attributes that require some improvement, and the decision opportunities. After 5 years, the three companies that have been studied showed a behaviour aligned with the values and recommendations of the index developed to assess technological competitiveness. The main limitation lies in the difficulty of studying companies if they change or disappear in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid transition from an efficiency-oriented to a renewable energy-based green environment raises questions about the sustainability of cogeneration models in the coming era of climate change. For securing the technological competitiveness of a cogeneration model in terms of sustainability, it is essential to come up with alternatives that can flexibly respond to changes in the market conditions. From the surveyed field operation data of the cogeneration model applied to an apartment complex, it was found that the actual operation performance may differ significantly from the theoretical expectation. Through diagnostic simulation analysis, the main cause of the disappointing performance in the case of the current cogeneration model after installation has been assessed, and the importance of a consistent operation strategy was demonstrated by the event-based correlation analysis based on field operation data. The impact of the rapid expansion and dissemination of the renewable energy market on the relative primary energy savings benefit evaluation of the cogeneration model was analyzed for various operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological competitiveness of the economy is a very dynamic concept, associated with the rapid growth of production and implementation of innovations and technologies. The latter are continuously increasing their importance in ensuring the socio-economic development of the state. The evolution of scientific approaches to interpreting innovation infrastructure through a number of systemic features of institutional support for technological competitiveness of the economy is studied. The meaning of the definitions «infrastructure of technological activity» and «technological infrastructure» is substantiated. On analyzing the development of innovation infrastructure in the marketing behavior of the national economy, the author determined general properties of the innovation and market infrastructure. It is concluded that innovation infrastructure plays the main role in the technological growth of various sectors of the national economy. It is proved that the systemic-functional approach is the most common approach to interpreting the innovation infrastructure of the national economy. It is concluded that most studies reveal the meaning of the functions of a usual innovation infrastructure, and less attention is paid to the functions and tasks characteristic for the infrastructure of the technological competitiveness of the national economy. Within the comprehensive theoretical definition of the important role infrastructure of technological competitiveness plays in innovation and technological growth of the national economy, its main functions (the innovative and regenerative, investing and stimulating, supporting, transformational, coordinating, resources-accumulating, consolidating, and process-stimulating) and tasks are defined The results of generalizing the existing approaches make it possible to form a unique approach to interpreting the definition of the «infrastructure of technological competitiveness».

Copyright of Innovar: Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Sociales is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A number of system characteristics of the formation of technological competitiveness of the national economy concerning the improvement of quality of the institutional environment, strengthening the aspects of competition, improving the efficiency of resource provision, and the development of innovative entrepreneurial activity have been determined. The scheme of formation of technological competitiveness of the national economy is constructed, wherein three consecutive stages of its establishment in the coordinates of constant management influence of the institutional environment and sustainable world innovation and technological progress are distinguished as follows: 1) accumulation of the potential of innovation and technological development of the national economy; 2) materialization of the potential of innovation and technological development of the national economy; 3) achieving the state of and ability to technological competitiveness of the national economy. A conceptual approach to the definition of substantial-contentual, structural characteristics and classification features of technological competitiveness of the national economy is provided. It is proposed to consider such competitiveness of the national economy as a winning state of technological competitive advantages of the national economy in a specific time period, which, in order to maintain balance value and ability to compete in the conditions of dynamic progress of technologies, requires a sustainable increase in the potential of innovation and technological growth of strategic sectors of the national economy and society and is ensured through the effective management influence of the complex system of innovative and integrated structures.

The article analyzes the level of technological competitiveness of Ukraine in the world economy, allocating the directions of technological renewal of the national economy. Technological competitiveness is defined as a real and potential opportunity for the national technological system to produce final products that are in demand in the relevant markets; as a totality of certain characteristics that form the competitive advantages of the country in the world economy, allowing to withstand competition with other national technological systems. On the basis of the disclosure of the peculiarities of the methodology for computing the index of global competitiveness, Ukraine’s place in the world ranking is summarized, the dynamics of the factor of technological readiness of our country, as well as its other indicators of competitiveness are displayed in three sub-indexes: basic requirements, increasing efficiency, and innovativeness. It is emphasized the need for technological modernization of Ukraine on the basis of innovative principles. It is underlined that the directions of technological modernization should take into account the patterns of the modern stage of technoglobalism, which is the process of forming a single global system of production and exchange of results of innovation-technological activity. In the context of limited financial capabilities of our country and the presence of significant barriers to the movement of new technologies, it is proposed to carry out technological renewal of the national economy through the development and introduction of new technologies in cooperation with other countries.

Research background: The paper accounts for the problem of assessing the factors of the formation of Ukraine's technological competitiveness in the face of new challenges for the state in the process of developing relations with the EU. Purpose of the article: The aim of the report is to assess the level of technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy and determine the most important factors for its further development in the conditions of association with the EU. Methods: The article presents the scheme of research of technological competitiveness of Ukraine on the basis of qualitative and economic-statistical analysis, analysis of comparative advantages, cluster and correlation-regression analysis. Findings & Value added: The analysis of world rankings has shown that the technological competitiveness of Ukraine determines comparative factor advantages in coverage of higher education, availability of scientific staff, and quality of research institutions, but low state support, lack of stability, and problems in institutional development hamper the country's innovative potential. The identification of competitive advantages in trade in high-tech products demonstrates that Ukraine remains an importer of high-tech products; relatively small comparative competitive advantages among the high-tech products of Ukraine has only products of the aerospace industry. Сluster analysis showed that Ukraine is in the same cluster as Poland. Bulgaria and Romania, which have not yet fully consistent with the level of technological competitiveness of EU leaders; among the strengths of Ukraine are the development of human resources and labour effect. The correlation analysis between the components of the Global Innovation Index and the factors of increasing Ukraine's competitiveness indicates a moderate link between the development of clusters, the ratio of expenditures on R&D to GDP, and the export of ICT services. In order to increase the level of technological competitiveness of Ukraine: to increase both foreign investments and state financing; improvement of regulatory acts, reduction of corruption, institutional improvement; support of technologies through regional cluster programs or "smart specialisation"; integration into the European Research Area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iran's oil refineries have faced severe competitiveness challenges, and technical renewal is their main option. To this end, the first step is to determine the requirements of technology. While gasoline production in Iran will soon double the consumption, the main focus of refining industry reforms has been on increasing gasoline production. The paper offers solutions to regenerate Iran's refining industry in light of recent technological transformations in the energy industry. Thus, two main areas for the Iranian oil refining sector can be considered: (1) "mining the residues of refinery and their conversion into products of distillation," and (2) "mining the sulfur level of refinery residue." As a result, cost-effective upgrades technologies (slurry hydrocracking) and delayed coking will be key options for refining domestic oil refinery. Due to the unavailability of slurry-bed hydrocracking technologies, this solution can be implemented at the Iranian Oil Refineries by combining both delayed coking and fixed bed hydrocracking (ISOMAX) technologies. Consequently, the simultaneous use of delayed coking and fixed bed hydrocracking (ISOMAX) technologies is considered a suitable and applicable residue upgrading combination.

The proper role and high importance of regional peculiarity of innovation and technological activity in the context of ensuring technological competitiveness of the economy depends on its identification and understanding of the critical differentiation of the regions of Ukraine by the number of innovatively active enterprises, production volumes, share of realized innovative products, as well as the positioning the regions of Ukraine by the share of enterprises with technological innovations, the rate of its growth and the share of realized innovative products in the total volume of industrial products sold. It is shown that the modern policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy is formed in the context of contemporary challenges of global competition, fundamental features, which are the impact of global crises, financial and economic instability; increase of external expansion due to processes of globalization, development of information economy; pressure on the country's debt; increase in import dependency; high external labour migration activity; destabilization of economic development through military conflict and hybrid attacks; critical disparities in regional development. The strategic priorities of the state policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy have been determined: intensification of technological development of the economy, growth of the general level of innovative activity, formation of a competitive market of intellectual property, development of infrastructure for support of technological innovations, improvement of resource provision of innovative activity, improvement of business parameters of competition.

The rapid transition from an efficiency-oriented to a renewable energy-based green environment raises questions about the sustainability of cogeneration models in the coming era of climate change. For securing the technological competitiveness of a cogeneration model in terms of sustainability, it is essential to come up with alternatives that can flexibly respond to changes in the market conditions. From the surveyed field operation data of the cogeneration model applied to an apartment complex, it was found that the actual operation performance may differ significantly from the theoretical expectation. Through diagnostic simulation analysis, the main cause of the disappointing performance in the case of the current cogeneration model after installation has been assessed, and the importance of a consistent operation strategy was demonstrated by the event-based correlation analysis based on field operation data. The impact of the rapid expansion and dissemination of the renewable energy market on the relative primary energy savings benefit evaluation of the cogeneration model was analyzed for various operating conditions.

Technological competitiveness of the economy is a very dynamic concept, associated with the rapid growth of production and implementation of innovations and technologies. The latter are continuously increasing their importance in ensuring the socio-economic development of the state. The evolution of scientific approaches to interpreting innovation infrastructure through a number of systemic features of institutional support for technological competitiveness of the economy is studied. The meaning of the definitions «infrastructure of technological activity» and «technological infrastructure» is substantiated. On analyzing the development of innovation infrastructure in the marketing behavior of the national economy, the author determined general properties of the innovation and market infrastructure. It is concluded that innovation infrastructure plays the main role in the technological growth of various sectors of the national economy. It is proved that the systemic-functional approach is the most common approach to interpreting the innovation infrastructure of the national economy. It is concluded that most studies reveal the meaning of the functions of a usual innovation infrastructure, and less attention is paid to the functions and tasks characteristic for the infrastructure of the technological competitiveness of the national economy. Within the comprehensive theoretical definition of the important role infrastructure of technological competitiveness plays in innovation and technological growth of the national economy, its main functions (the innovative and regenerative, investing and stimulating, supporting, transformational, coordinating, resources-accumulating, consolidating, and process-stimulating) and tasks are defined The results of generalizing the existing approaches make it possible to form a unique approach to interpreting the definition of the «infrastructure of technological competitiveness». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to investigate the implications of the fourth industrial revolution for technological competitiveness, its definition and measurement methods. An empirical part is aimed at identifying comparative advantages of the European Union in digital technologies. Recently new approaches have appeared to measure digital competitiveness, however they use a broad definition of competitiveness that encompasses not only technological factors but also the macroeconomic and institutional environment (IMD, 2017; WEF, 2018). There is still a limited number of studies focused on the technological dimension of competitiveness in digital technologies. This paper fills the gap by developing a conceptual framework based on patent indicators, i.e. Patent Share and Revealed Technological Advantage indices. It allows a consistent analysis of the comparative advantages of the EU member states in digital technologies to be conducted. The results confirm a huge diversity within the EU in terms of digital technologies, their global impact and comparative advantages.

The present study examines mobile connectivity in Latin America's industry 4.0 to identify gaps, opportunities, and a starting point in the formulation of strategies for technological competitiveness. SCOPUS publications are compiled from the last ten years and a bibliometric analysis is performed and processed with R, Bibliometrix, and Biblioshiny. The results show the number of authors, scientific production, and citations by continents, regions, and countries. These are contrasted with the 2019 Global Competitiveness Report from the World Economic Forum and the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UNECLAC) to show the digital gap. It is concluded that in Latin America there are asymmetric gaps and lack of research in I4.0, automation, and robotics. Although there is interest at the management level, this may represent future opportunities if governments and companies formulate policies and strategies focused on a digital economy with hyper-connectivity development, mobile communications, cyber-physical systems, and the Internet of things examining the relationships between customers, industries, and government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the quality and competitiveness of the domestic investment equipment is a prerequisite for the effective reproduction process of the industries of the real sector of the Russian economy. Export-oriented development of machinery industries producing investment machinery is the way to increase the competitiveness of both machinery and related industries. The article estimates structural changes in the nomenclature and geography of investment equipment export. The types of investment machinery most in demand in the world market are determined, and the indicators of export of key types of investment machinery to the markets of non-CIS countries and CIS countries are analyzed. Traditional and emerging markets for export of domestic investment machinery are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - To analyse the situation in Key Enabling Technologies (KETs) in the European Union and in Poland. Research method - Desk research and the analysis of available literature. The sources of data used were, among others: European Patent Office, Central Statistical Office, IMD World Competitiveness Centre and High Level Expert Group reports as well as the reports and data of the European Commission. KETs' analysis in Poland was conducted based on the published CSO data. The article presents selected variables characterising the activity of enterprises operating in the field of biotechnology and nanotechnology, and the analyses of research and development activities as part of the executive sectors in both of the analysed fields. In addition, data on the number of registered patents in Poland and the share of the number of registered patents in the field of biotechnology in relation to their total number were presented. Results - The article covers topics connected with the measurement of KETs' competitiveness, describes the situation of KETs in Europe and in Poland, not being a very innovative EU country. Originality/value - The problem of KETs and their importance for the EU and its members' sustainable development is recognized in a limited scope. There is not much literature on the topic. There is no strategy for KETs at the national level in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proper role and high importance of regional peculiarity of innovation and technological activity in the context of ensuring technological competitiveness of the economy depends on its identification and understanding of the critical differentiation of the regions of Ukraine by the number of innovatively active enterprises, production volumes, share of realized innovative products, as well as the positioning the regions of Ukraine by the share of enterprises with technological innovations, the rate of its growth and the share of realized innovative products in the total volume of industrial products sold. It is shown that the modern policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy is formed in the context of contemporary challenges of global competition, fundamental features, which are the impact of global crises, financial and economic instability; increase of external expansion due to processes of globalization, development of information economy; pressure on the country's debt; increase in import dependency; high external labour migration activity; destabilization of economic development through military conflict and hybrid attacks; critical disparities in regional development. The strategic priorities of the state policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy have been determined: intensification of technological development of the economy, growth of the general level of innovative activity, formation of a competitive market of intellectual property, development of infrastructure for support of technological innovations, improvement of resource provision of innovative activity, improvement of business parameters of competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is a comprehensive study of issues of regulation of the domestic market under conditions of changing foreign economic priorities of the public policy. By analyzing, systematizing and summarizing scientific works of many scientists, new approaches to the formation and implementation of effective mechanisms of state regulation of the domestic market at a critical stage in the modernization of the national economy are considered. As a result of the research, peculiarities of the development of the domestic market under conditions of changing priorities in the trade policy of countries are revealed. The correlation between the capacity of the domestic market and the volumes of foreign trade is analyzed. It is substantiated that under conditions of changing foreign economic priorities of the public policy, an important factor in the development of the domestic market of Ukraine is to ensure its technological competitiveness. The need to apply measures on accelerating technological growth and strengthening the fight in the global competition through the optimal combination of the effective state regulation of the domestic market and market mechanisms is proved. The prospect for further research in this direction is defining strategic objectives of the public policy regarding the institutional provision of competitiveness of Ukraine.

Officially launched in 2007, Brazil's health-industrial complex can be seen as an institutional innovation that seeks to overcome social inequality in health care, dependency on foreign technology, and weaknesses in the national innovation and productive structures. An analysis adopting a historical perspective and deploying Celso Furtado's concept of the marginalization-modernization polarity shows how misarticulated social and economic policies hindered earlier efforts to construct a robust domestic health-pharmaceutical sector. To the extent that this polarity persists, an understanding of the trajectory of this (indeed, any) high-tech sector can be achieved only by considering the social and economic dynamics that continue to shape Brazil's development. Despite its promise, the rise of the hybrid neodevelopmentalist state has not succeeded in overcoming the marginalization-modernization polarity. Without resolving old inconsistencies between industrial, macroeconomic, and social policies, it has introduced new ones that, as in the past, risk hindering the success of this institutional experiment. Lançado oficialmente em 2007, o complexo industrial de saúde brasileiro pode ser visto como inovação institucional que busca suplantar a desigualdade social no tratamento de saúde, a dependência na tecnologia estrangeira, bem como as deficiências na inovação e nas estruturas produtivas nacionais. Uma análise que adota uma perspectiva histórica e utiliza o conceito da polaridade entre marginalização e modernização, concebido por Celso Furtado, demonstra como políticas sociais e econômicas desarticuladas prejudicaram esforços para construir um setor doméstico de saúde robusto. À medida que essa polaridade persiste, uma compreensão da trajetória desse setor de alta tecnologia (e de fato de qualquer setor) pode ser alcançada somente por meio de avaliação das dinâmicas sociais e econômicas que continuam a moldar o desenvolvimento do Brasil. Não obstante as promessas que emanam do estado do neodesenvolvimento híbrido, sua ascensão não logrou o desmantelamento da polaridade marginalização-modernização. Além de não resolver antigas inconsistências entre políticas sociais, macroeconômicas e industriais, introduziu novas inconsistências que, como no passado, ameaçam o êxito desse novo experimento institucional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article. In the article there are critically analyzed the existing developments about the content, objectives and functions of technological management, which allowed to identify such approaches as target, process, functional, philosophical, resource and competitive ones. The results of the analysis. While integrating them there was formed the author's interpretation of theoretical and methodological foundations of this relatively new functional type of management for Ukraine, which represented the system of principles and methods of taking and implementing complex management decisions aimed at efficient use of available technological resources and technological development of the company. There are also grounded the purposes of technological management, which are: technological development of enterprises, that is purposeful, continuous (constantly organized) process of irreversible changes in production processes (technologies) of enterprise economic activity that provoke (cause) the corresponding development of the fixed assets (which provide them), staff (which implements and use them) and intangible assets (which identify their creation or use), which together enable to ensure technological competitiveness of the enterprise and development of the market of technologies in general. The object of such management is defined, which are: technological processes, preconditions (technological potential) and the consequences of their implementation (technological competitiveness of the enterprise). There are identified the key subjects of technological management, their interests and spheres of responsibilities. The methodological basis of technological management is considered to be the concept of open innovations by H. Chesbro which, on the one hand, means deliberate involvement of external ideas and technologies; active cooperation of all stakeholders in the company as to the formation of new ideas aimed at systematic improving the product, increasing its value, solving technological problems; on the other hand, commercialization of intellectual property, that is their own ideas and technologies, especially those ones which are not used in the company, in order to develop new parallel and (or) complementary businesses, to get extra money. It is feasible to describe the content of such functions of technological management as purpose setting, analysis, planning, organization, coordination, motivation and control. There are identified specific features and interrelation of three levels of technological management, which are: strategic, tactical and operational ones. Technological management should be continuous, at all the stages of the life cycle of technologies, which are used at a particular company. Conclusions and directions of further researches. It enables to emphasize such subsystems of technological management as control over improvement of the existing technologies and development of new ones (right inside the company), including making R&D, development of invention and rationalization; control over involvement (from the outside) and acquisition of new technologies (formation of the incoming technological stream, participation in transfer of technologies as a recipient); control over implementation of new technologies (over the portfolio of technological projects); control over widespread implementation of the developed technology (technological knowledge) outside the company (formation of the outcoming technological stream, participation in technology transfer as a donor); control over the use of current technologies (technology portfolio) during their life cycle, including the timely withdrawal of outdated technologies. It is described the content of the basic tools of technological management which uses achievements of the related sciences and types of management, including: technological diagnostics, technological audit, technological forecasting, technological strategy, technological marketing and others.

The article considers the problem of increasing the technological competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises under conditions of a new industrial revolution through the development and introduction of advanced converged technologies. The classification of industrial revolutions, namely, industrial, technological, information and Industry 4.0, is presented, and it has been determined that the key factor of the latter is cyber physical systems for introduction of the client-oriented “Internet of Things”. It has been justified that the formation of Industry 4.0 in developed countries will occur through advanced production technologies (APT), which main characteristics are technological substitution, automation, customization, localization and economic efficiency. It has been found that in 2020 the main priority APT will be: systems of production process control; multidimensional modeling of complex products; intelligent production systems and robotics; systems of creation and transformation (growing) of material objects and 3D-printing; materials effective in creating perspective actuating devices (compositional and those that exhibit their properties in small-size structures). It has been proved that the recovery of Ukraine’s industry is not possible on the old industrial base, and the creation of a new industry based on APT of Industry 4.0 is possible in the following areas: ICT (primarily in the field of software development); new composite materials with specified properties; industrial nanobiotechnologies (biomedicine and pharmacy, new agricultural technologies); mathematical modeling for creation of intelligent production systems; space research and development (in particular, development of the first stages of heavy missiles). The necessity of elaborating state programs of competitiveness development on the basis of APT, foresight research oftechnology priorities, promoting high-tech exports in Ukraine has been substantiated.

As IoT and AI have recently developed, interest in digital healthcare is increasing. Therefore, this study aims to identify technology trends through a patent analysis on digital healthcare and present future promising areas by analyzing domestic and foreign technology competitiveness and keywords. The detailed technologies to be analyzed were designated as Health Information Measurement Technology, Healthcare Platform Technology and Healthcare Remote Service Technology, and 61,166 patents were analyzed to identify the patent trends of the world's major patent offices and major patent applications. In addition, the analysis of the technological competitiveness of each detailed technology and Korea's technological competitiveness based on its patent activity, the rate of major market securing, and the uses of the patents showed that Korea's technological competitiveness was lower than global technology. In addition, the key keyword analysis showed that the core promising areas of digital healthcare were expected to require a focused strategy for fostering health care platform technologies in Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last two decades, the share of CEE country exports in world goods exports more than doubled, despite the appreciation of real effective exchange rates. This article sets out to establish which factors advanced CEECs export performance. It shows that CEE countries' exports have been supported by improved technological competitiveness, especially innovative outputs (patents). Exports have also been lifted by improvements in the quality of institutions, in particular overall regulatory quality. The article concludes that further gains in non-price competitiveness should be considered to be vital for the region to compete successfully in international markets in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Problems of Economy is the property of Research Centre for Industrial Developmen Problems of Nas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the article. In the article there are critically analyzed the existing developments about the content, objectives and functions of technological management, which allowed to identify such approaches as target, process, functional, philosophical, resource and competitive ones. The results of the analysis. While integrating them there was formed the author's interpretation of theoretical and methodological foundations of this relatively new functional type of management for Ukraine, which represented the system of principles and methods of taking and implementing complex management decisions aimed at efficient use of available technological resources and technological development of the company. There are also grounded the purposes of technological management, which are: technological development of enterprises, that is purposeful, continuous (constantly organized) process of irreversible changes in production processes (technologies) of enterprise economic activity that provoke (cause) the corresponding development of the fixed assets (which provide them), staff (which implements and use them) and intangible assets (which identify their creation or use), which together enable to ensure technological competitiveness of the enterprise and development of the market of technologies in general. The object of such management is defined, which are: technological processes, preconditions (technological potential) and the consequences of their implementation (technological competitiveness of the enterprise). There are identified the key subjects of technological management, their interests and spheres of responsibilities. The methodological basis of technological management is considered to be the concept of open innovations by H. Chesbro which, on the one hand, means deliberate involvement of external ideas and technologies; active cooperation of all stakeholders in the company as to the formation of new ideas aimed at systematic improving the product, increasing its value, solving technological problems; on the other hand, commercialization of intellectual property, that is their own ideas and technologies, especially those ones which are not used in the company, in order to develop new parallel and (or) complementary businesses, to get extra money. It is feasible to describe the content of such functions of technological management as purpose setting, analysis, planning, organization, coordination, motivation and control. There are identified specific features and interrelation of three levels of technological management, which are: strategic, tactical and operational ones. Technological management should be continuous, at all the stages of the life cycle of technologies, which are used at a particular company. Conclusions and directions of further researches. It enables to emphasize such subsystems of technological management as control over improvement of the existing technologies and development of new ones (right inside the company), including making R&D, development of invention and rationalization; control over involvement (from the outside) and acquisition of new technologies (formation of the incoming technological stream, participation in transfer of technologies as a recipient); control over implementation of new technologies (over the portfolio of technological projects); control over widespread implementation of the developed technology (technological knowledge) outside the company (formation of the outcoming technological stream, participation in technology transfer as a donor); control over the use of current technologies (technology portfolio) during their life cycle, including the timely withdrawal of outdated technologies. It is described the content of the basic tools of technological management which uses achievements of the related sciences and types of management, including: technological diagnostics, technological audit, technological forecasting, technological strategy, technological marketing and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Problems of Economy is the property of Research Centre for Industrial Developmen Problems of Nas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the era of the fast-paced knowledge economy, patent data may be analyzed to measure technological competitiveness. This paper aims to explore patent performance by indicators and technology interactions based on patent citation of assignee types. This study involved four types of patent assignees (i.e. universities, industries, governments, and individuals) in five technological fields (i.e. computers and communications; drugs and medical; electrical and electronics; chemical; and mechanical) over three periods (i.e. 1997-2001, 2002-2006, and 2007-2011). Four indicators were chosen for analysis of patent performance; they included, patent share, science linkage, current impact index, and citation density. The findings of this study show that among all four assignee types, industries had the highest patent productivity in all fields, and universities had the highest impact in all fields except for drugs and medical. Other interesting phenomena were also observed. Examples include reciprocal technology interactions between universities and governments; low technology interactions of industries in each field; individuals' higher patent performance and technology interactions in the field of drugs and medical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development model of global imbalances comes mainly from the United States balance -- unbalanced economic growth mode. After the financial and economic crisis in 2008, Obama government launched the manufacturing revitalization strategy as the core strategy of the rebalance development in U. S. By observing the status quo of the adjustment of the U. S. current account deficit and the recovery in the manufacturing sector and analyzing the revitalization of the U. S. manufacturing base, we can see that the recovery in the U. S. manufacturing sector and the current account balance adjustment is carried out simultaneously, and to convert the long -- term recovery of the manufacturing sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The diversity of technological activities that contribute to growth in labour productivity is examined in this article for manufacturing and services industries in eight major EU countries. We test the relevance of two “engines of growth”, i.e., the strategies of technological competitiveness (based on innovation in products and markets) and cost competitiveness (relying on innovation in processes and machinery) and their impact on economic performance. We propose models for the determinants of changes in labour productivity and we carry out empirical tests for both the whole economy and for the four Revised Pavitt classes that group manufacturing and services industries with distinct patterns of innovation. Tests are carried out by pooling industries, countries and three time periods, using innovation survey data from CIS 2, 3 and 4, linked to economic variables. The results confirm the specificity of the two “engines of growth”; economic performances in European industries appear as the result of different innovation models, with strong specificities of the four Revised Pavitt classes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper compares three selected indicator series that address national, technology-based competitiveness. The 'traditional' Georgia Tech High Tech Indicators (HTI) have been comparing 33 nations with respect to current and future prospects at exporting high tech products since the late 1980s. Those indicators blend expert opinion with statistical time series data. Second, we introduce 'statistics only' HTI, a revised formulation that addresses knowledge-based service export capabilities as well as high tech products, biennially. Third, the World Economic Forum annually generates its Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), treating 125 countries. The traditional HTI reported China supplanting the USA as the top-ranking economy as of 2007. That has generated some controversy. In striking contrast, the 2006-2007 GCI reported China as No. 54. This paper explores the bases for these differences. To a substantial degree, they derive from whether one normalises based on a nation's size. We conclude that these indicator series provide multiple perspectives that complement each other. In the case of China, all of these indicators point to continuing dramatic increase in technology-based economic competitiveness. If not yet, then within not too many years, the USA will likely be supplanted by China as the leading technology-based economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although seen as a revolution in modern science, gene therapy has been plagued by failed clinical trials and controversial ethics in the last thirty years. Moreover, there is no comprehensive, in-depth, high-quality analysis of global gene therapy patents. This paper proposes a method to correctly retrieve patents to address the issue and use it for the patent landscape. The results show the global patent landscape of gene therapy, with the United States dominating the field, while China has emerged as a leader in recent years. For various reasons, the EU, Korea, and Japan lag in the development of patented technologies. China has edged closer to the US in both live and indefinite patents, with the Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Sciences leading the way, surpassing primary applicants such as the US Department of Health and Human Services, the University of California, and the University of Pennsylvania. The study also reveals four broad categories of technologies that have been extensively studied in gene therapy: basic biology of the gene and diseases, diseases being treated, gene delivery methods, and potential adverse events. What is more, Adeno-Associated Virus, Retrovirus, and Lentivirus are the most prevalent gene therapy delivery vectors after 2014. The industrial development trend revealed in this paper can provide an evidence-based basis for scientific research management and decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This is to describe several issues of business environments surrounding the chemical industry and suggest ways to reinforce competitiveness for winning race in the industry, in particular, various approaches or uses of technologies in R&D, including actual experiences in novel process developments. Also explained are the necessity of responsible care activity to ensure environment, safety and health and its technology buildup which in turn leads to further reinforcement of competitiveness together with deepening of technology in specific discipline and fusion of technologies between different disciplines. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]