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Copyright of African & Mediterranean Journal of Architecture & Urbanism (AMJAU) is the property of Ecole Nationale d'Architecture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The traditional clan-based structure of village society is gradually disintegrating due to rural population outflow and excessive tourism development. The construction of a diversified development model oriented toward the needs of local villagers is key to sustainable development and the preservation of cultural heritage. In this study, a case analysis of the Ding, Shijiagou, and Yanjing Villages in Shanxi Province was conducted. The research approach of "cognitive recognition–spatial structure–social connections" was used to integrate cognitive maps and space syntax with social network analysis to quantitatively analyze the cognitive elements in these villages, with the establishment of a collective cognitive map, global integration value maps, and villagers' intention element cognitive networks based on functional types. The spatial cognition patterns and social network structures of these villages were explored and analyzed in relation to the complex interactions between villages from the perspectives of spatial cognitive preference, spatial accessibility, and social interaction to compensate for the limitations of using a single analytical approach. Differences in village cognition patterns were found—the efficient use of different types of space is influenced by spatial cognitive preferences; the degree of spatial integration affects the distribution of functional spaces, with high-integration areas tending to overlap with high-cognition spaces and featuring strong accessibility and connectivity; the density and stability of social networks significantly influence spatial cognition and the interaction patterns in villages; high-density networks enhance the frequency of interactions between villagers and the effectiveness of space utilization; and differentiation in spatial cognition among different groups may reduce village space integration, thereby influencing the overall social functions and cultural heritage of the village. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance the connectivity and influence of key nodes, optimize spatial layouts and social network structures, and introduce modern elements while preserving traditional culture, an approach that can promote social interaction and spatial vitality in the villages. This study provides a scientific basis and serves as a reference for the construction of sustainable development models for villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on exploring the spatio-temporal landscape characteristics of China’s Ao Garden in the mid-20th century as well as its historical and cultural values, aiming to explore the restoration methods for specific historical contexts. A historical staging benchmark for restoration is firstly established through a comprehensive analysis of historical literature and on-site research. Second, This study uses graphic and syntactic analysis to simulate the spatial characteristics and historical usage status of Ao Garden. It then identifies key historical spaces and landscape nodes for restoration. Finally, This study proposes a corresponding technology framework for spatio-temporal landscape restoration. Research has found that the 1960s were a typical period for the spatio-temporal landscape of Ao Garden. At that time, Ao Garden could fully reflect Tan Kah Kee’s (Chen Jiageng, 1874‒1961) design intentions, meet the needs and expectations of tourists for sightseeing. This study not only affirms the current good status of the heritage protection of Ao Garden, but emphasizes the importance of missing landscape details. This study provides a scientific strategy for the restoration of the spatio-temporal landscape of Ao Garden, and also provides important experience and reference for the protection of similar cultural heritage.

Urban green spaces exert beneficial effects on both individuals and communities. However, as urban sprawl intensifies, socioeconomic disparities widen, and populations burgeon, the concepts of green fairness and environmental justice confront substantial hurdles. The daily exposure to greenery emerges as a crucial determinant of these factors, yet no comprehensive methodologies currently exist to gauge the levels of daily accessible urban greenery or to probe the distribution of green inequities. In this research, we harness the capabilities of Spatial Design Network Analysis (sDNA) to scrutinize spatial choice and integration, using the metropolis of Chengdu as a case study. Three indicators representing daily accessed urban greenery are utilized, including the Green View Index (GVI) at the street level, the assessment of green spaces based on the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI), and the level of greenery within the visible range of buildings. Green Accessibility Index (GAI) was further proposed and calculated for three states of commuting, recreation, and work to synthesize the accessibility and greenness levels. The distribution of green unfairness in the study area are evaluated using bivariate local spatial autocorrelation. Our findings reveal that (1) frequent expressway commuting and existing greenery does not satisfy urban fairness needs. (2) Significant differences in unfair areas of building visible greenery (3) Unfair areas are concentrated in high-income neighborhoods (4) Severe unfairness between greenery and population in large cities, where most people do not enjoy the benefits of adequate greenery. We provide recommendations based on these findings, thereby offering actionable insights to optimize the spatial distribution of green unfairness through enhanced accessibility of urban greenery.

This article primarily delves into the automatic generation approach of the park road network. The design of the park road network not only comprehensively takes into account environmental factors like terrain, vegetation, water bodies, and buildings, but also encompasses functional factors such as road coverage and accessibility. It constitutes a relatively complex design task, and traditional design methods rely significantly on the professional proficiency of designers. Based on the park vector terrain, in combination with the graphics skeleton algorithm, this study proposes an automatic generation method of the park road network considering environmental constraints. Through the utilization of the modified Douglas–Peucker algorithm and convex hull operation, the semantic information of environmental constraints is retained, domain knowledge is integrated, the skeleton graph is optimized, and issues such as road smoothness are addressed. This method can not only generate road network schemes rapidly, scientifically, and precisely, but also furnish the requisite digital model for the quantitative evaluation of the road network. Eventually, the study quantitatively assesses the experimental results via the spatial syntax theory to substantiate the efficacy of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Knowing the spatial structure of traditional villages is required to promote and preserve these villages. These traditional villages are an essential part of China's farming legacy and hold substantial historical and cultural significance. Therefore, this article analyzed 30 nationally recognized traditional villages in Liaoning Province, selected from the 6819 traditional villages in the province, as samples. These were divided into three types based on elevation: plain-type (below 200 m above sea level), hilly-type (200–500 m), and mountain-type (above 500 m) villages. Two villages of each type were selected for a total of six villages as the study objects; for these, quantitative comparative research on the spatial structure of these villages was carried out. The results of the study show that: (1) plain-type traditional villages are little affected by the terrain, the overall presentation of the surface space, the village traffic is well developed, able to form a commercial street as the core of the road interruptions in the head of the road more; (2) hilly-type traditional villages are influenced by mountains and water systems, forming a linear space with main roads as the core and crossroads, their core areas are more remote and lack space for public activities, and the villages rely on religious venues or the former residences of celebrities to attract tourists; (3) mountain-type villages are greatly influenced by the mountains, making it difficult to form a commercial area, the distribution of each natural town is relatively scattered and forms a point-like space, each point is developed with public space as the core, and there is a lack of characteristics within the village. The above quantitative characteristics are compared and three targeted conservation strategies for national-level traditional villages in Liaoning are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of increasing global energy shortages and climate change, the human living environment, as a crucial component of residents' daily lives, has garnered growing attention from the academic community. Research on residential environments is vital for promoting the sustainable development of urban construction and constitutes an important aspect of sustainable development studies. This study focuses on the optimization strategy for the outdoor activity space wind environment in the Xihuayuan residential area in Lanzhou city, utilizing spatial syntax analysis and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation technology. Firstly, the outdoor activity space is analyzed for visibility and spatial accessibility using DepthmapX0.6 software. Then, the outdoor wind environment in the residential area is simulated using PHOENICS 2018 software, and the analysis is conducted on outdoor spaces with a poor wind environment in terms of high accessibility. The results indicate that residents' outdoor comfort in these spaces is poor, highlighting the urgent need for improvement in the wind environment. This research attempts to optimize the wind environment in high-accessibility spaces within the residential area by improving building layout, orientation, and height. The simulation results after optimization demonstrate an increase in the overall average wind speed to 1.44 m/s, with the proportion of spaces with a good wind environment in high-accessibility areas during summer rising from 33.4% to 59.2%. The optimization strategy effectively improves the wind environment in high-accessibility areas of the residential area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement of child-friendly urban planning initiatives, the significance of Active School Travel Spaces (ASTSs) in shaping urban development and promoting the physical and mental well-being of children has become increasingly apparent. This research focuses on 151 public primary schools in the central urban area of Lanzhou City. Utilizing the Amap pedestrian route planning API, we establish a walking route network, evaluate the paths using spatial syntax and street view recognition methods, and analyze their influencing factors using a Geographic Detector model. The results show the following: ① The overall friendliness of ASTSs in Lanzhou City is moderate, with 44% of school districts exhibiting low friendliness. ② The distribution of child friendliness in ASTS exhibits a "core-periphery" pattern. Anning District demonstrates higher friendliness compared to Chengguan District and Qilihe District, while Xigu District exhibits the lowest level of friendliness. ③ Different levels of friendliness have different tendencies for access, safety, and comfort. A high degree of friendliness favors comfort. Low friendliness has the lowest requirements for safety and comfort. ④ Population density and transportation convenience exert a significant positive impact on friendliness, while the size of the school district and the centrality of schools have a negative impact. The synergistic effects among these influencing factors notably enhance the explanatory power of friendliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changzhou is a city situated in the eastern region of China and serves as a pivotal juncture of the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site, the Grand Canal of China. The study employed spatial syntax foreground and background network analysis to examine the cultural landscape characteristics and determinants of the urban spatial context in Changzhou, influenced by the Grand Canal, with a focus on rivers, streets, and social networks. The findings revealed that: (1) Foreground network construction: serving as the fundamental framework of urban space, street and river networks exhibited distinct functionalities in terms of structural configuration, functional organization, and potential impact. (2) Background network construction: social networks identified through spatial structure recognition demonstrated sustainable characteristics, as their layout was not directly correlated to the foreground network but contributed to the identification of the identity and the traits of social networks. (3) Dual network adaptability to contemporary urban space: it was imperative to redefine the role of river networks to augment their potential impact in shaping scenic leisure systems. This study provides novel insights into preserving and acknowledging the urban spatial context while offering valuable references for safeguarding regional cultural landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of intensive urban development, urban complexes have emerged as crucial public spaces that address the needs of urban populations. However, current research on urban complexes is predominantly qualitative and lacks a rigorous scientific and quantitative analysis. Therefore, this study employs the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to construct a standardized system encompassing five dimensions: spatial function, spatial perception, architectural style, surrounding environment, and energy-saving technology. The objective is to determine the weights of the indices that influence people's use of urban complexes under the goal of "humanization". Additionally, the study quantitatively analyzes key indices using spatial syntax and other analytical methods. Subsequently, we employ multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) analysis to examine three real-world cases in China, aiming to validate further the importance of the AHP + MCDM approach, which incorporates the TOPSIS method based on grey correlation. This methodology considers both the subjective factors of crowd evaluations of urban complex usage and the interrelationships among indicators, ensuring that the statistical calculations of the indicators remain objective and scientifically robust. The results indicate that (1) the degree of facility improvement has the greatest impact on the crowd's use of urban complexes; (2) there is a discrepancy between the results of the TOPSIS method and the MCDM evaluation model, with the MCDM evaluation method aligning more closely with real-world scenarios; and (3) the Shanghai MOSCHINO received the highest evaluation score, while the Nanjing Central Emporium received the lowest. Finally, we discuss the experimental results and propose targeted strategies for optimizing the design of urban complexes to achieve the goal of "humanization". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Located in the vast Algerian Sahara, Bechar has experienced over the years uncontrolled urban growth. It has evolved from a simple oasis and ksar (traditional settlement) to a city with a contrasting center and segregated outskirts. This growth has led to significant urban fragmentation that affected residents' quality of life. This research uses space syntax theory to analyze Bechar's urban configurations and their impact on functionality and sustainability. The study examines integration, connectivity, control, and intelligibility through axial maps and syntactic measures. Findings reveal that areas with high integration show better accessibility and reduced vehicle reliance, while segregated areas face accessibility challenges and limited services. Global integration values range from −1 to 1.192, averaging at 0.767, which indicates different accessibility among neighborhoods. These insights are crucial to identify areas where sustainable urban planning can mitigate adverse effects and enhance city efficiency. We created an axial map using DepthmapX v0.8.0 software and a modified digital QGIS map to collect data and measure Bechar's urban properties. The methodology we used translates social behaviors into spatial representations, generating interpretative models for social and spatial phenomena. This article provides valuable information on the infrastructure and service needs, guiding strategic resource allocation. The proposed urban design strategies include urban canopies and optimized building ratios to reduce energy consumption and promote sustainability. To conclude, we recommend practical solutions to enhance the sustainability and functioning of urban areas similar to Bechar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional villages serve as witnesses to history and culture and as the centers of production and life. Studying their spatial characteristics and influencing factors can provide profound insights into their formation, development, and inheritance. Taking CAI’s ancient residential buildings in Zhangli Village, Quanzhou as a case study, this paper utilizes space syntax and abstract topological relations to quantitatively analyze three morphological characteristics of public space: (1) “Ancestral halls” and “Academies” are situated at the core of visual space, representing significant spatial elements within the village, with high visual appeal and status; (2) The spatial layout of “roadways” and “gates” caters to the needs of internal settlements, with their accessibility significantly varying in different directions. However, the high topological depth restricts exploration within the internal space; (3) The village provides residents with spaces for various types of public activities. Furthermore, this paper qualitatively explores the factors influencing the spatial form of Cai’s ancient dwellings from the perspectives of nature, economy, and culture, including topography, hierarchical order, geomancy principles, ethnic economic development, production, and lifestyle. Accordingly, the paper proposes corresponding protection and development strategies, offering a reference for the sustainable development of traditional villages in the future.

Urban vitality stands as a pivotal metric for evaluating the sustainability and appeal of urban environments. Global experiences underscore the significance of parks and shopping centers as crucial components of urban vitality spaces. However, existing literature predominantly concentrates on the individual impacts of parks or shopping centers on urban vitality, with limited exploration into the vitality relationship between them, often relying on linear correlation analyses. To address this gap, this study, centered on the renowned Park City of Chengdu in China, employs Baidu heatmap and POI data, utilizing a combination of spatial syntax and linear and non-linear analysis methods to examine the influence of road accessibility on the vitality of shopping malls and parks, as well as their correlation. Findings indicate: (1) High-vitality shopping malls primarily cluster within the first ring road, while park utilization is notably higher in the southern urban area. (2) High-vitality parks and shopping centers are situated in regions characterized by elevated global integration and efficiency values, suggesting their vitality is influenced by road accessibility. (3) Linear correlation analysis, with global integration and efficiency values controlled, yields correlation coefficients of 0.797 and 0.795 for high-vitality parks and shopping centers, respectively. Non-linear correlation analysis indicates a correlation coefficient close to 0.7 between park vitality and shopping mall vitality, highlighting a strong correlation between them. This study elucidates the critical relationship between park vitality and commercial vitality in urban layout, offering valuable insights for urban planning strategies aimed at promoting sustainable urban development.

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As urban development progresses, the complex phenomenon of city shrinkage increases. Perforated shrinkage is a leading pattern within Chinese cities. In this study, the Qingshan District in Wuhan (including its chemical industrial area) is considered as a representative case of a large metropolitan area experiencing perforated shrinkage. Through the use of methods such as spatial syntax, Point Of Interest (POI) analysis, and word frequency analysis , the study examines material and social spatial connections to verify the existence of an "island effect". The following results were obtained: 1) Analysis of the topological relationships within the Wuhan metropolitan development area and the interior regions of the Qingshan District reveals that Qingshan has low global and local integration values as well as choice metrics, indicating issues related to roadway accessibility and uneven distribution of transportation facilities. This leads to weak internal and external material spatial connections. Additional kernel density analysis of public facility POIs indicates poor and uneven infrastructure distribution in Qingshan. Additionally, questionnaire surveys and word frequency analysis suggest deficiencies in the area's external attractiveness and independent development at the policy level. These factors interact and contribute collectively to the island effect within Qingshan District. 2) Recognizing the similarities in the developmental background and policy frameworks between other domestic cities experiencing perforated shrinkage and the Qingshan District, this study infers that the island effect is a characteristic of metropolitan areas showing perforated shrinkage and is closely tied to institutional factors within Chinese urban areas. 3) The phenomenon of metropolitan perforated shrinkage and spatial connections have an interactive relationship, leading to the emergence of regional island effects. These island effects underscore the importance of coordinated internal development within the region, providing novel perspectives for managing urban shrinkage. For instance, cities should accelerate the development of transportation networks and construction of public spaces to avert feelings of isolation and closure at the spatial connection level, addressing the problem of unbalanced development with prompt promotion of policies emphasizing cooperation and talent attraction. This study's exploration and findings on the mechanisms and impacts of the isolation caused by perforated shrinkage highlight the urgency for better-coordinated development plans. This study presents innovative ways to address urban shrinkage aimed at improved urban infrastructural connectivity, equitable development, and resilient urban planning.

Industrial heritage creative industrial parks are an organic component of historical neighborhood buildings. According to several field visits and surveys of creative industrial parks, it has been found that the external space of some creative industrial parks does not meet the needs of the people. This research primarily investigates the critical factors influencing the usability of external spaces in these revitalization projects. Spatial syntax, a field that has seen considerable advancement in recent years, offers a more scientific approach to understanding spatial relationships. Therefore, this paper employs spatial syntax as its principal methodology. It conducts a quantitative analysis of the external spatial morphology of four creative industrial parks of industrial heritage in Tianjin. The study critically evaluates the syntactic values and identifies issues in the external spatial morphology, including a dearth of cultural elements and limited environmental richness. Furthermore, it provides recommendations for the enhancement of these external spaces. The aim is to furnish data support and strategic insights to invigorate the revitalization efforts of Tianjin's industrial heritage creative industrial parks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of cities has led to increasingly problems in the road network structure of urban streets. Combining emerging big data technology with traditional street network analysis methods has become a new way to tackle it. Guilin is a famous international tourist city, and the "Two Rivers and Four Lakes" scenic area is an iconic symbol of Guilin's scenery. Its streets connect various tourist spots. This study focused on the street's layout of the "Two Rivers and Four Lakes" scenic area, and used a combination of spatial syntax and POI big data to analyse their spatial structure. The research results indicated that: (1) there was a positive correlation between the global integration value of the street and the POI value; (2) by combining functional density indicators with global integration analysis, streets that significantly deviate from the overall trend can be identified, and classified according to their characteristics to reveal the reasons for their contradictions; (3) we needed to propose three plans for optimizing the proportion of high street, enhancing street functions, and "improving street space" for different types of streets to ultimately realize the purpose of sustainable development of streets and cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mountain Research (10082786) is the property of Mountain Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As urban development progresses, the complex phenomenon of city shrinkage increases. Perforated shrinkage is a leading pattern within Chinese cities. In this study, the Qingshan District in Wuhan (including its chemical industrial area) is considered as a representative case of a large metropolitan area experiencing perforated shrinkage. Through the use of methods such as spatial syntax, Point Of Interest (POI) analysis, and word frequency analysis, the study examines material and social spatial connections to verify the existence of an "island effect". The following results were obtained: 1) Analysis of the topological relationships within the Wuhan metropolitan development area and the interior regions of the Qingshan District reveals that Qingshan has low global and local integration values as well as choice metrics, indicating issues related to roadway accessibility and uneven distribution of transportation facilities. This leads to weak internal and external material spatial connections. Additional kernel density analysis of public facility POIs indicates poor and uneven infrastructure distribution in Qingshan. Additionally, questionnaire surveys and word frequency analysis suggest deficiencies in the area's external attractiveness and independent development at the policy level. These factors interact and contribute collectively to the island effect within Qingshan District. 2) Recognizing the similarities in the developmental background and policy frameworks between other domestic cities experiencing perforated shrinkage and the Qingshan District, this study infers that the island effect is a characteristic of metropolitan areas showing perforated shrinkage and is closely tied to institutional factors within Chinese urban areas. 3) The phenomenon of metropolitan perforated shrinkage and spatial connections have an interactive relationship, leading to the emergence of regional island effects. These island effects underscore the importance of coordinated internal development within the region, providing novel perspectives for managing urban shrinkage. For instance, cities should accelerate the development of transportation networks and construction of public spaces to avert feelings of isolation and closure at the spatial connection level, addressing the problem of unbalanced development with prompt promotion of policies emphasizing cooperation and talent attraction. This study's exploration and findings on the mechanisms and impacts of the isolation caused by perforated shrinkage highlight the urgency for better-coordinated development plans. This study presents innovative ways to address urban shrinkage aimed at improved urban infrastructural connectivity, equitable development, and resilient urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article primarily delves into the automatic generation approach of the park road network. The design of the park road network not only comprehensively takes into account environmental factors like terrain, vegetation, water bodies, and buildings, but also encompasses functional factors such as road coverage and accessibility. It constitutes a relatively complex design task, and traditional design methods rely significantly on the professional proficiency of designers. Based on the park vector terrain, in combination with the graphics skeleton algorithm, this study proposes an automatic generation method of the park road network considering environmental constraints. Through the utilization of the modified Douglas–Peucker algorithm and convex hull operation, the semantic information of environmental constraints is retained, domain knowledge is integrated, the skeleton graph is optimized, and issues such as road smoothness are addressed. This method can not only generate road network schemes rapidly, scientifically, and precisely, but also furnish the requisite digital model for the quantitative evaluation of the road network. Eventually, the study quantitatively assesses the experimental results via the spatial syntax theory to substantiate the efficacy of the method.

With the advancement of child-friendly urban planning initiatives, the significance of Active School Travel Spaces (ASTSs) in shaping urban development and promoting the physical and mental well-being of children has become increasingly apparent. This research focuses on 151 public primary schools in the central urban area of Lanzhou City. Utilizing the Amap pedestrian route planning API, we establish a walking route network, evaluate the paths using spatial syntax and street view recognition methods, and analyze their influencing factors using a Geographic Detector model. The results show the following: ① The overall friendliness of ASTSs in Lanzhou City is moderate, with 44% of school districts exhibiting low friendliness. ② The distribution of child friendliness in ASTS exhibits a “core-periphery” pattern. Anning District demonstrates higher friendliness compared to Chengguan District and Qilihe District, while Xigu District exhibits the lowest level of friendliness. ③ Different levels of friendliness have different tendencies for access, safety, and comfort. A high degree of friendliness favors comfort. Low friendliness has the lowest requirements for safety and comfort. ④ Population density and transportation convenience exert a significant positive impact on friendliness, while the size of the school district and the centrality of schools have a negative impact. The synergistic effects among these influencing factors notably enhance the explanatory power of friendliness.

Located in the vast Algerian Sahara, Bechar has experienced over the years uncontrolled urban growth. It has evolved from a simple oasis and ksar (traditional settlement) to a city with a contrasting center and segregated outskirts. This growth has led to significant urban fragmentation that affected residents’ quality of life. This research uses space syntax theory to analyze Bechar’s urban configurations and their impact on functionality and sustainability. The study examines integration, connectivity, control, and intelligibility through axial maps and syntactic measures. Findings reveal that areas with high integration show better accessibility and reduced vehicle reliance, while segregated areas face accessibility challenges and limited services. Global integration values range from −1 to 1.192, averaging at 0.767, which indicates different accessibility among neighborhoods. These insights are crucial to identify areas where sustainable urban planning can mitigate adverse effects and enhance city efficiency. We created an axial map using DepthmapX v0.8.0 software and a modified digital QGIS map to collect data and measure Bechar’s urban properties. The methodology we used translates social behaviors into spatial representations, generating interpretative models for social and spatial phenomena. This article provides valuable information on the infrastructure and service needs, guiding strategic resource allocation. The proposed urban design strategies include urban canopies and optimized building ratios to reduce energy consumption and promote sustainability. To conclude, we recommend practical solutions to enhance the sustainability and functioning of urban areas similar to Bechar.

In the context of intensive urban development, urban complexes have emerged as crucial public spaces that address the needs of urban populations. However, current research on urban complexes is predominantly qualitative and lacks a rigorous scientific and quantitative analysis. Therefore, this study employs the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to construct a standardized system encompassing five dimensions: spatial function, spatial perception, architectural style, surrounding environment, and energy-saving technology. The objective is to determine the weights of the indices that influence people’s use of urban complexes under the goal of “humanization”. Additionally, the study quantitatively analyzes key indices using spatial syntax and other analytical methods. Subsequently, we employ multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) analysis to examine three real-world cases in China, aiming to validate further the importance of the AHP + MCDM approach, which incorporates the TOPSIS method based on grey correlation. This methodology considers both the subjective factors of crowd evaluations of urban complex usage and the interrelationships among indicators, ensuring that the statistical calculations of the indicators remain objective and scientifically robust. The results indicate that (1) the degree of facility improvement has the greatest impact on the crowd’s use of urban complexes; (2) there is a discrepancy between the results of the TOPSIS method and the MCDM evaluation model, with the MCDM evaluation method aligning more closely with real-world scenarios; and (3) the Shanghai MOSCHINO received the highest evaluation score, while the Nanjing Central Emporium received the lowest. Finally, we discuss the experimental results and propose targeted strategies for optimizing the design of urban complexes to achieve the goal of “humanization”.

Traditional villages contain human beings adapting to the natural environment and spontaneously forming a living environment in the process of their evolution. However, with the frequent occurrence of harsh weather in recent years, the livability of traditional villages is also facing challenges. In order to improve the climatic adaptability of traditional villages, scholars have proposed many methods, but there is a lack of research on the spatial microclimate adaptation of traditional villages based on the perspective of spatial accessibility. This paper selects typical traditional villages in the Taihu Lake Basin, analyzes spatial accessibility and CFD numerical simulation comfort by spatial syntax from the two levels of village and iconic nodes, and discusses the correlation between spatial accessibility and climate comfort. Also, the study concludes the following: (1) The overall integration degree of Mingyuewan Village is not high, and the overall accessibility is poor. (2) The correlation between wind environment and spatial accessibility is weak. The thermal environment is associated with spatial accessibility. Comfort is strongly correlated with the degree of spatial accessibility. This paper proposes to consider the lake surface to dominate the seasonal wind, reserve windward outlets, and add green plants and shade facilities in green public open spaces. HIGHLIGHTS A typical waterfront traditional village was selected.; The scientific method uses spatial syntax combined with CFD simulation.; The article discusses the correlation between spatial accessibility and climate adaptation.; The waterfront and layout have proven to provide good thermal comfort for traditional villages.; Climate adaptability of traditional villages is crucial for urban renewal.;

The design of urban green spaces in gardens not only fosters a diverse urban landscape but also significantly enhances the ecological quality of urban environments, offering the public increased opportunities for leisure and recreation. This article commences with an exploration of spatial design strategies for landscape greening, examining urban landscape features and fundamental design principles. It subsequently devises a plan for urban landscape gardens by evaluating three key aspects: the extent of landscape coverage, the division of a diversified landscape structure, and the dense arrangement of vegetation. To assess the habitat quality within urban landscapes, the InVEST model was employed, complemented by the use of the least cost path method for simulating urban garden landscapes. Additionally, this study integrates connectivity, control value, and integration degree from spatial syntax to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of urban landscape designs. Over the period from 2002 to 2022, the habitat quality of urban landscapes exhibited a consistent decline, registering a total decrease of 4.49 percentage points. Moreover, the control values across various urban landscapes were consistently 4.49 percentage points lower in both the visible and feasible layers, with a marginal discrepancy of no more than 0.22 between these layers. The urban landscape planning approach introduced herein effectively maintains the regional spatial optimization ratio within 1.45. By focusing on landscape design, urban landscapes are enhanced in terms of formability and space utilization, more effectively embodying the concept of urban ecological civilization.

The traditional digital protection system lacks the extraction and display of the landscape based on spatial information technology, resulting in an incomplete digital archive of the conventional landscape constructed. To optimize the traditional cultural landscape protection strategy, this paper constructs a specific technical route using digital technology. Inclined photogrammetry and 3D laser scanning technology are used to carry out 3D modeling of regional traditional cultural landscapes, and the combination of the results of the two can be used to visualize the spatial layout of the landscape in the protection of traditional cultural landscapes. Based on the 3D model, the landscape space was analyzed using spatial syntax. According to the spatial syntax, the integration degree, clustering coefficient, control degree, and average depth of the sight line of the landscape in City D were analyzed. The comprehensibility value of the landscape space in City D was 0.26, and the landscape identifiability was not high. The development of overall space and local space is inconsistent, and the ratio of global integration degree to local integration degree, R², is 0.45, with a low value and average correlation. By analyzing the specific situation of the landscape and constructing the resistance surface, we examine the various resistance factors faced by the protection of traditional cultural landscapes. The analysis results indicate that rural roads and settlements are more suitable for the construction of cultural landscapes.

In the process of the continuous promotion of regional tourism, how to plan and design the tourism landscape to create a landscape environment with local characteristics and humanization will be the focus of this paper’s research. This paper takes Z tourist-oriented ancient town, as the research sample and centers on its public space characteristics and quality evaluation. The study innovatively applies the spatial syntax method to analyze the public space of the tourism landscape. It quantitatively analyzes the spatial data of the representative villages of the ancient tourist town. Then, the PSPL research method is applied to evaluate the quality of public spaces and living conditions in ancient tourist towns. Among the representative villages, traditional village C5 has the lowest average depth of public space (4.2382) and the highest intelligibility (0.5964), and its public spaces have the best accessibility and permeability. The public space quality of this ancient town was evaluated as excellent, especially in terms of spatial activities and spatial environmental facilities, which tourists rated as greater than 7. The spatial design of the ancient tourist town was divided into a natural ecological recreation area, a tourism distribution and service area, a recreational activities and experience area, and an old street-style commercial area. The study can provide a scientific basis for the protection and renewal of tourist landscapes.

When science and technology have been developed faster, many interior art design concepts and computer technology have been updated with the times. In this paper, the geometric data and semantic data in interior design are transformed through BIM modeling, the spatial structure elements are placed in the world coordinate system, and the relative coordinates are calculated with the spatial structure elements of the interior art design building entity as the origin. With the help of BIM technology, the interior art design layout is carried out. Based on the layout constraint function and spatial syntax quantization function, which constitute the layout objective optimization function, the optimization solution is calculated. Finally, Depthmap software is used to analyze the interior design layout for VGA and intelligent body simulation. The results show that after 100 iterations, the mean value of the coefficient of the degree of BIM application is 0.9373, the coefficient of the application environment is 0.951, and the degree of the application of the BIM technology shows a growing trend, indicating that the BIM technology is an inevitable direction for the reform of the interior art design technology.

Heritage corridors are methods to effectively protect and utilize linear cultural heritage based on the concept of regional conservation. The construction of a heritage corridor system is extremely important to preserve the natural environment of the heritage corridor area as well as the history and culture alongside. The majority of the research on the construction of heritage corridors heretofore focused on the generation of corridors, whereas studies on the classification of corridors are relatively limited, without a complete system for the construction of heritage corridors. Therefore, this paper aimed to (1) establish a comprehensive system for the construction of heritage corridors, (2) provide new ideas for the construction of heritage corridors, and (3) guide the scientific development of heritage corridors combining conservation and tourism. In the first place, the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model was applied to analyze the spatial structure of the study area and explore site selection of the heritage corridors; secondly, spatial syntax was used to measure the heritage corridors and determine the level of the heritage corridors; last but not least, the kernel density analysis was used to classify the types of heritage corridors. The present study shows that the heritage corridor system is built in a scientific approach, covering all aspects including construction, protection, and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changzhou is a city situated in the eastern region of China and serves as a pivotal juncture of the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site, the Grand Canal of China. The study employed spatial syntax foreground and background network analysis to examine the cultural landscape characteristics and determinants of the urban spatial context in Changzhou, influenced by the Grand Canal, with a focus on rivers, streets, and social networks. The findings revealed that: (1) Foreground network construction: serving as the fundamental framework of urban space, street and river networks exhibited distinct functionalities in terms of structural configuration, functional organization, and potential impact. (2) Background network construction: social networks identified through spatial structure recognition demonstrated sustainable characteristics, as their layout was not directly correlated to the foreground network but contributed to the identification of the identity and the traits of social networks. (3) Dual network adaptability to contemporary urban space: it was imperative to redefine the role of river networks to augment their potential impact in shaping scenic leisure systems. This study provides novel insights into preserving and acknowledging the urban spatial context while offering valuable references for safeguarding regional cultural landscapes.

The spatial layout of traditional residential houses is closely related to national and regional characteristics and culture. The traditional village of Yi nationality is selected, and the organization structure of the outside village and the inside living space is studied through the graphical and quantitative analysis method of space syntax. The primary purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial characteristics of Yi dwellings and infer the cultural factors behind them. To explore how to integrate traditional spatial characteristics into contemporary design and promote the preservation and inheritance of architectural culture. The results show that 1) the outer village space of residential houses is characterized by weak identifiability, compact and loose organizational structure, weak permeability, and weak accessibility; 2) The interior space of dwellings presents a spatial layout with the main room and courtyard as the core as a whole. The interior space of dwellings is abundant and flexible, and the accessibility of ancillary functional space is weak. 3) The cultural causes of the formation of these spatial features include complex landforms, family systems, hierarchical systems, semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral production modes, the concept of valuing family harmony, the use of regional materials, respect for nature, fire worship, etc. 4) The spatial characteristics of traditional dwellings are inherited in contemporary dwellings. Fuzzy elements can be added in villages according to family relations, and characteristic Spaces such as courtyards and fire ponds in traditional dwellings can be preserved.

Traditional spatial planning method is difficult to convert all information into useful information, which leads to low local integration and poor spatial planning effect. In view of this problem, a quantitative analysis method of urban spatial morphology structure based on GIS regionalization and spatial syntax is proposed. The application of wireless network communication technology and GIS technology in urban spatial planning is analyzed. According to the framework of WebGIS communication space analysis, the principle and practical application of regional measurement of spatial syntax are analyzed, and the integration and intelligence of spatial syntax morphological variables are realized. The paper combines WebGIS communication technology with spatial syntax and determines the consistency of urban spatial form through the relationship between the overall integration degree of road axis and local integration degree, and completes the quantitative analysis of urban spatial form. The results show that the method has high integration degree of global and local and has ideal remote planning effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal comfort of outdoor spaces in traditional villages must be improved because high building density combined with complex and narrow spaces leads to a poor thermal environment. In traditional villages, outdoor spaces are the most frequently used places by local residents and tourists. In this study, the Shimengao Village in Tangxi Town, Chizhou City, a typical mountainous area in the southern Anhui Province, was selected as the research object, and Depthmap software was used to identify the most frequently used outdoor spaces. The spatial layout and three different outdoor spaces of the traditional village were measured and validated using ENVI-met software. In addition, the distribution of thermal comfort in the core area of the village and influencing factors were analyzed. Our results demonstrated that during summer, PET reached its highest value at 15:00, exhibiting a poor thermal environment in the core area of traditional village integration. From 15:00 to 21:00, PET values declined, resulting in improved thermal comfort levels. Open spaces had better thermal comfort ratings throughout the day. The thermal comfort distribution of three different types of outdoor space in traditional villages was also analyzed. The courtyard space had the worst thermal comfort, followed by the street space, whereas the square space had the best thermal comfort environment. This was correlated with the spatial layout of traditional villages, external facilities of buildings, microlandscapes (plants, water availability, etc.), and outdoor ground materials. Hence, we propose that optimizing the overall spatial layout of a traditional village, increasing the external facilities of buildings, creating "micro landscapes," and optimizing the materials of outdoor spaces are important for improving the thermal comfort of the outdoor spaces of traditional villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to promote the sustainable development of urban traffic systems, improve the accuracy of traffic system analysis in the urban planning stage and reduce the possibility of traffic congestion in the operation stage of road networks, the coupling relationship and evolution mechanism between urban road spatial structure and traffic flow were studied, and a model of the relationship between the metrics was established in this study based on real road network and traffic flow data. First, the road spatial structure model of the study area was established from the perspective of road space, and the spatial syntax method was applied to verify the rationality of the spatial structure of the road network. Secondly, the initial OD matrix was determined by OD backpropagation based on the measured traffic flow data. Thirdly, the coupling rule between the spatial structure and the traffic flow of the road network was explored by loading the increment in the OD matrix to the initial OD matrix step by step based on a simulation experiment. Finally, the relationship between the degree of integration of the spatial syntactic feature parameter and the saturation of the traffic flow feature parameter was modelled on the basis of experimental results and verified by an example. This research shows that the spatial structure of urban roads has a significant impact on the characterisation of the traffic flow distribution of road networks, and a strong correlation can be found between the integration degree and saturation degree. An optimal fit, which can be used as a reference for the design of road spatial structure, was explored in this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article exposes the results of a research project and Solidarity Extension, whose objective was to design methodologies derived from the theory of spatial syntax to mitigate the effects of contagion by covid-19 in middle, secondary, and basic education populations of Uraba Antioquia. Considering that the concept of spatial syntax was conceived as a tool for architects to simulate the possible sociocultural effects of their designs and make decisions based on behavioral predictions of the population, this research addressed the problem of returning to on-site classes in the framework of the closures of educational institutions during the health emergency. The methodology used arose from the standard guidelines of applied research in a controlled environment, contemplating architectural surveys, diagnosis, and analysis from spatial syntax graphs. The findings of the research shed light around architectural plans of educational institutions, the analysis of different types of maps of convex graphs, connectivity, axiality, integration, choice and graphics of isovists of control and visibility, the creation of a model of intersectoral work between academia and actors in the territory and the design of illustrations for the transfer of knowledge to the communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper discusses the accessibility of people with reduced mobility (PMR) within public higher education institutions. Several researchers have approached this issue from different angles. They have identified several rights for PMRs, including the fundamental right to education, as recognized by the United Nations. Accessibility is defined as the ease of movement within the environment, achieved through the removal of architectural and technological barriers in public buildings. This study aims to show the impact of the architectural spatial configuration of the university on the social behavior of PMR accessing education. To achieve this goal and answer the research problem, a combination of two scientific research methods was used: a qualitative-quantitative method based on sociological surveys and observation, and a second method based on "spatial syntax," a morphological approach that reveals the close relationship between human beings and their built environment. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism at Salah Boubnider University in Constantine. The study concludes that architectural design has a direct impact on the behavior of PMRs and their appropriation of space within the faculty. Designers need to consider measures and design techniques that facilitate access for this social category to higher education institutions in the development of architectural projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The Dianchi Lake ecological corridor, the ecological nodes and obstacles were identified, and then the ecological network of the watershed was optimized in order to provide a reference for the maintenance and improvement of the ecological function of the ecological migration corridor in the Dianchi Lake basin. [Methods] The study was conducted for the Dianchi Lake basin. Morphological spatial pattern analysis was combined with circuit theory to identify the ecological sources, pinch points, and obstacle areas in the study area, and to construct an ecological network. At the same time, spatial syntax was introduced to quantify the road network in order to optimize the electrical resistance surface. The back resistance surface and the ecological network were compared to determine the impact of the road network on the ecological network. [Results] ① The overall ecological source area accounted for a relatively high proportion of the total study area. The 17 extracted ecological source areas had an area of 101 248 hm2 and accounted for 34.7% of the total area of the study area, mainly located in the northern mountainous area and the central area around Dianchi Lake; ② The optimized high resistance area of the resistive force surface was transferred from the surrounding area to the main urban area, and the number of corridors increased from 35 to 41. The total length increased from 185.9 km to 216.2 km. The degree of network closure, connection degree, and connection rate were increased by 0.20, 0.35, and 0.13, respectively; ③ The corridor width was determined to be 600 m through the threshold analysis of corridor width. 15 116 hm2 of ecological pinch points and 71 875 hm2 of ecological barrier areas were extracted form the Dianchi Lake Basin ecological safety network. [Conclusion] The fragmentation of ecological patches in the Dianchi Lake basin was obvious, and their distribution showed the characteristics of dense ecological foci in the north and sparse ecological foci in the south. The cutting effect of high-grade and high-traffic roads on the ecological network was very prominent, and these kinds of pinch points and obstacle areas should be given greater attention in the construction and restoration of ecological networks.

The aim of this article is to comprehend daily mobility practices in contiguous peri-urban residential areas that have different characteristics in terms of their historical origin, urban design and layout, socioeconomic level, and access to public transportation, using the areas of Lomas Coloradas and Portal de San Pedro in the commune of San Pedro de la Paz. From a quantitative analysis, the level of integration allowed by the urban fabric was analyzed comparatively using the Space Syntax method (Hillier et al., 1987) through the depthMapX software, to then identify the number of facilities and population density based on data from the 2017 census. Finally, mobility was studied by applying semi-structured surveys focused on supply. The results show that the type of urban fabric and its level of local integration lose importance in daily mobility practices when it comes to intercommunal travel. Thus, within the transport offer, just satisfying access to these areas does not ensure the reduction of the urban inequality observed in the daily mobility of people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of natural protected area (NPA) systems is an important initiative to protect biodiversity and maintain the health and stability of natural ecosystems. The Qinghai-Tibet area (QTA) has extremely high ecological value, and the NPAs in this area account for more than half of the NPAs in China. As human activities have intensified, an increasing number of research has been conducted on the NPAs in the region. However, the assessment of the ecological network of the NPAs in the QTA is underexplored. This study assessed the ecological networks derived from the NPA system in the QTA from a “quality-structure–function” perspective. First, the study used the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) to map the ecological resistance surface of the QTA, generated ecological corridors based on circuit theory, and identified ecological barriers and pinch points in the ecological network to evaluate the quality of the network. Next, the spatial syntax method was used to assess the structural characteristics of the connectivity for the ecological network. Finally, the study analysed changes in the human activity intensity and species population around ecological corridors to quantitatively explore the corridor’s biodiversity maintenance function in the context of increased human activity. The findings demonstrated that the ecological network quality of the NPAs within the QTA was generally good. However, some areas such as the Hung River Valley in Qilian-Qinghai Lake were observed to exhibit ecological quality concerns, identified as ecological barrier points. These ecological challenges stem from the competing interests of environmental corridors and the development and utilization of land. In terms of the structural indicators of the ecological network, the closeness of the ecological network in the eastern part of the study area was higher than that in the western part; however, the mean depth shows the opposite pattern, indicating that the northeast has a better overall connectivity than the west. In addition, the intensity of the human footprint and the number of species decreased continuously with increasing distance from the ecological network. However, over the last two decades, a noticeable increase in human footprint intensity has occurred, and the magnitude of this increase grows with increasing distance from the ecological network, indicating that the ecological network is experiencing mounting pressure due to more frequent human activities. However, ecological networks still play a key role in maintaining biodiversity and protecting the ecological environment. The findings of this study could provide a scientific support for protecting the eco-security shield functions in the QTA and globally.

Industrial heritage creative industrial parks are an organic component of historical neighborhood buildings. According to several field visits and surveys of creative industrial parks, it has been found that the external space of some creative industrial parks does not meet the needs of the people. This research primarily investigates the critical factors influencing the usability of external spaces in these revitalization projects. Spatial syntax, a field that has seen considerable advancement in recent years, offers a more scientific approach to understanding spatial relationships. Therefore, this paper employs spatial syntax as its principal methodology. It conducts a quantitative analysis of the external spatial morphology of four creative industrial parks of industrial heritage in Tianjin. The study critically evaluates the syntactic values and identifies issues in the external spatial morphology, including a dearth of cultural elements and limited environmental richness. Furthermore, it provides recommendations for the enhancement of these external spaces. The aim is to furnish data support and strategic insights to invigorate the revitalization efforts of Tianjin’s industrial heritage creative industrial parks.

In the process of urbanisation in China, many cities expect to promote the development of new towns through the construction of sports centres. However, due to the unreasonable design of the scale, accessibility and vitality of the sports centre, the catalyst effect of the sports centre is difficult to play an effective role. Using cluster analysis algorithm and spatial syntax, this study analyses the algorithm of sports centres with sustainable development characteristics, and puts forward the conclusions of sustainable development planning strategies such as venue merger design under the principle of intensive, maintaining high accessibility of sports centres, ensuring the compound function of surrounding plots and grid space to improve regional vitality, in order to provide some inspiration for the planning and construction of Sports Centre in the future.

Equity in the inheritance culture of family property is an important component of humanistic health in modern living environments. The inheritance of property under Chinese traditional family culture is the material basis for the continuation of family and clan. This study demonstrates the equity component embedded in traditional family inheritance culture and further studies of the healthy human settlements environment. Based on the theory of “equal share for all sons” in ancient China and the “equity” and “justice” that are of modern significance, this paper analyzes the family division culture of individual traditional housing and the corresponding impact indices of family division equity. Taking Renhe Village, a typical local residential building of the middle and late Qing Dynasty as the research object, this study built a spatial syntax data model and 3D simulation technology for the simulation analysis of space and climate. The results show that Renhe Village meets the requirements of the equity evaluation system of housing property rights distribution in terms of the natural unit indicator (quantity, lighting, ventilation) and the overall spatial indicator (privacy, centrality, convenience). In other words, equity does not mean an absolute average share, but an equity culture formed after six evaluation indices under the subdivision of two indicators are balanced. Based on the above, an equity system model of housing property rights distribution was established, and the weight of the ancients' attention to the housing distribution standard was explored. It is further found that the ancients attached more importance to light among the natural unit indicators, and attached the most importance to centrality in the overall spatial indicators. These findings provide new ideas for understanding the equity of property inheritance under Chinese traditional family culture. They also provide quantifiable criteria for the distribution of modern rural housing and social security housing, and ultimately provide a reference for the humanistic public health of the modern living environment.

Habitat fragmentation has become an important factor in the reduction of biodiversity. Identifying and optimizing ecological networks (ENs) can help alleviate the negative impact of habitat fragmentation and improve regional biodiversity. Taolai River Basin is an inland river basin in Northwest China. Due to the impact of climate change and human activities, there are many ecological problems such as grassland degradation and shortage of water resources. It is urgent that we identify and optimize the EN. This study comprehensively uses morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR), and circuit theory to identify ENs, evaluates ENs based on Spatial Syntax, and determines the protection priority of ENs, then diagnoses ecological "pinch points" and ecological obstacles by combining remote sensing and GIS spatial analysis methods. The results show that: (1) the ecological source area of the basin is 3061.63 km2, with uneven spatial distribution, mainly distributed in the Qilian Mountains in the south of the basin; (2) there are 106 ecological corridors in the basin, with a total length of 2267.30 km and an average length of 21.38 km, which is not conducive to species migration; (3) the optimum widths of ecological corridors in the south, middle, and north of the basin are 100 m, 60 m, and 300 m, respectively; (4) the key areas of watershed ecological restoration include the "pinch area" between the southern core area and the central core area and 108 ecological barrier points; and (5) combined with the spatial characteristics of various key areas of ecological protection and restoration, the spatial pattern of "one core–four rings–five belts" of watershed EN construction is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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