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Potato is a vital crop worldwide and its production is threatened by diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and other forms of microorganisms. Early detection and identification of these pathogens are essential to control their spread and minimize yield losses. Improvements in detection and identification have come as molecular detection techniques have been developed, such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), RNase H-dependent PCR (rhPCR) and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP). In this review, the mechanisms of these molecular techniques are discussed. These techniques have revolutionized the diagnosis and management of potato diseases. They offer high sensitivity, specificity and rapid detection, making them invaluable tools for disease surveillance and diagnosis. However, further development and optimization of these techniques, and novel techniques such as artificial intelligence, will undoubtedly contribute to more effective disease diagnosis, management and the protection of potato crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectif : Déterminer les performances analytiques (intrinsèques et extrinsèques) du test GoldMag SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM dans la détection des anticorps chez les patients COVID-19 au CTEPI-Gbessia, puis de décrire les caractéristiques sociodémographiques des patients COVID-19 hospitalisés au CTEPI-Gbessia Méthode : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale de type descriptif et analytique portant sur les patients testés positifs à la RT-PCR et hospitalisés au CTEPI-Gbessia du 20 novembre 2020 au 28 février 2021. Une analyse des performances intrinsèques et extrinsèques a été conduite pour mesurer la validité du TDR. Résultat : l’étude a porté sur 69 patients testés positifs à la RT-PCR et hospitalisés au CTEPI-Gbessia. Nous retrouvons une prédominance masculine des patients inclus, l’âge moyen était de 38,7 ± 15 ans. Sur l’ensemble des patients inclus, 40,60% présentaient au moins un symptôme de la maladie avant admission au centre de traitement. Les céphalées (75%), la fatigue (71, 42%), la fièvre (46,40%) étaient les symptômes les plus cités. Chez les patients symptomatiques, 60% avaient une HTA, 71,43% un Asthme et 100% un Diabète. Le TDR sérologique (T) IgG/IgM a montré une sensibilité de 43,90% (IC95% : 32,19 – 55,60) et une spécificité de 85,71% (IC95% : 77,45 – 93,96) avec des VPN (51,06%) et des VPP (81,81%). Conclusion : Pendant les trois mois de collecte de données au CTEPI-Gbessia, nous avons évaluer la capacité diagnostique du test GoldMag SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM dans la détection des anticorps dans le sérum des patients hospitalisés et une sensibilité moyenne a été rapportée. Pour rehausser la performance analytique du test il sera judicier de l’utiliser sur des patients symptomatiques.

Objective: A real-world evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of the Opthai® software for artificial intelligence-based detection of fundus image abnormalities in the context of the French eyewear prescription renewal protocol (RNO)., Methods: A single-center, retrospective review of the sensitivity and specificity of the software in detecting fundus abnormalities among consecutive patients seen in our ophthalmology center in the context of the RNO protocol from July 28 through October 22, 2021. We compared abnormalities detected by the software operated by ophthalmic technicians (index test) to diagnoses confirmed by the ophthalmologist following additional examinations and/or consultation (reference test)., Results: The study included 2056 eyes/fundus images of 1028 patients aged 6-50years. The software detected fundus abnormalities in 149 (7.2%) eyes or 107 (10.4%) patients. After examining the same fundus images, the ophthalmologist detected abnormalities in 35 (1.7%) eyes or 20 (1.9%) patients. The ophthalmologist did not detect abnormalities in fundus images deemed normal by the software. The most frequent diagnoses made by the ophthalmologist were glaucoma suspect (0.5% of eyes), peripapillary atrophy (0.44% of eyes), and drusen (0.39% of eyes). The software showed an overall sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 0.879-1.00) and an overall specificity of 94.4% (95% CI 0.933-0.953). The majority of false-positive software detections (5.6%) were glaucoma suspect, with the differential diagnosis of large physiological optic cups. Immediate OCT imaging by the technician allowed diagnosis by the ophthalmologist without separate consultation for 43/53 (81%) patients., Conclusion: Ophthalmic technicians can use this software for highly-sensitive screening for fundus abnormalities that require evaluation by an ophthalmologist., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

What makes the specificity of design? What are the skills of a designer? In order to answer to these questions, we will be looking to design as it used to be practiced, and the goals it was assigned. We are going to look for commonalities that make the different design practices bear the same name. Design is able to make the familiar unfamiliar and the unfamiliar familiar. This sentence is the red thread that will help us to discover how the designer distinguish himself from the other participants to the co-creation, what differentiates expert design from diffuse design in Manzini's words.

Knowledge and understanding about the impact of cumulative adverse experiences on the health and wellbeing of children, adolescents, and adults has rapidly expanded over the past 30 years. Despite the invaluable attention and support this proliferation has drawn to the importance of early childhood experiences, we believe that it is time to move beyond broad indices of risk and toward more specific and individualized understanding of how risk exposures are linked to clinical outcomes in young children. Within infant and early childhood mental health, there is a need for greater specificity in linking adverse caregiving experiences in early life to psychopathology in children. We highlight a framework distinguishing experiences of trauma from experiences of deprivation and use the examples of posttraumatic stress disorder and reactive attachment disorder to demonstrate how greater specificity in our understanding of early adverse caregiving can lead to more accurate and targeted diagnosis and treatment for young children. Both researchers and clinicians benefit from an approach to gain a greater appreciation of the links between specific types of experiences and outcomes in the children that we serve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To analyse the accuracy of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) diagnostic methods and evaluate the quality of the existing publications by means of a systematic review.Methods: Diagnostic tests evaluated in at least two studies with common reference standards were included in the sensitivity and/or specificity meta-analyses. Quality and susceptibility to bias were analysed using the QUADAS-2 and STARD tools.Results: The title and abstract of 3387 publications were evaluated after deduplication resulting from database searches. Thirty-eight studies were included in the review, and 26 of them had results inserted in meta-analyses. The diagnostic methods with the highest pooled sensitivity values were ELISA, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), indirect immunofluorescence reaction and Montenegro's intradermal reaction. Cytometry was assessed in only two studies and presented 100% sensitivity in both. Smear slide microscopy and histopathology showed low pooled values of sensitivity. For specificity, the highest pooled values were identified for PCR. High values were also identified for ELISA, except for studies in which the reference standard for defining negative participants included individuals with Chagas' disease or paracoccidioidomycosis, which also occurred for cytometry. IFR had lower specificities than ELISA. There was a predominance of case-control designs of phase 1 or 2 and only four studies were strongly recommended as evidence generators. Several reference standards were adopted, and different methods were assessed in a small number of studies.Conclusion: PCR showed the highest accuracy for the diagnosis of ATL, and its use should be encouraged in clinical practice. ELISA is recommended for the screening of suspected individuals, but the possibility of cross-reactions should be considered. New validation studies for the tests evaluated in few publications and studies of phase 3 with appropriate methods are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La coqueluche continue de provoquer une maladie grave et des décès chez les nouveau-nés et les nourrissons trop jeunes. La technique de PCR est de plus en plus utilisée comme test de diagnostic direct pour le diagnostic de la Coqueluche, la connaissance des performances de la méthode analytique utilisée au laboratoire est essentielle pour vérifier la fiabilité des résultats. L'objectif de cette étude est de vérifier les performances de la technique de PCR-RT multiplex, utilisée au laboratoire pour le diagnostic de la coqueluche, en déterminant sa sensibilité, sa spécificité, sa valeur prédictive positive et négative. Un total de 12 bactéries non- Bordetella a été inclus dans l'étude de la spécificité. Onze échantillons sont positifs pour les 3 espèces : Bordetella pertussis , Bordetella parapertussis et Bordetella holmesii ont été inclus dans l'étude de la sensibilité. La recherche de l'ADN des 3 espèces est réalisée par PCR-RT multiplex. La sensibilité de la PCR est de 100 %, la spécificité de la PCR est de 100 %. La valeur prédictive négative et la valeur prédictive positive sont de 100 %. Une PCR en temps réel ciblant B. pertussis , B. parapertussis et B. holmesii s'est avérée spécifique et utile pour confirmer la présence de la séquence d'insertion 481, IS1001 et hIS1001. On conclut que les performances de la technique de PCR-RT répondent aux exigences du laboratoire des maladies épidémiques pour le diagnostic de la coqueluche. Pertussis continues to cause serious illness and death in newborns and infants who are too young. The PCR technique is increasingly used as a direct diagnostic test for the diagnosis of Pertussis, knowledge of the performance of the analytical method used in the laboratory is essential to verify the reliability of the results. The objective of this study is to verify the performance of the PCR-RT multiplex technique, used in the laboratory for the diagnosis of pertussis, by determining its sensitivity, its specificity, its positive and negative predictive value. A total of 12 non- Bordetella bacteria were included in the specificity study. Eleven samples are positive for the 3 species: Bordetella pertussis , Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella holmesii were included in the sensitivity study. The DNA research of the 3 species is carried out by multiplex PCR-RT. The sensitivity of the PCR is 100%, the specificity of the PCR is 100%. The negative predictive value and the positive predictive value are 100%. A real-time PCR targeting B. pertussis , B. parapertussis and B. holmesii was found to be specific and useful for confirming the presence of the insertion sequence 481, IS1001 and hIS1001. It is concluded that the performance of the PCR-RT technique meets the requirements of the epidemic disease laboratory for the diagnosis of pertussis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by significant deficits in sociocommunicative skills and by the presence of restricted interests and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. According to the DSM-5 criteria, the first symptoms can be observed before 36 months of age. Assessing child development milestones allows for a detailed and early observation of subtle behaviors and skills that may be impaired from the earliest months of life. The Inventário Dimensional de Avaliação do Desenvolvimento Infantil (IDADI) is an instrument for multidimensional assessment of children's development based on parental reporting and based on seven theoretical domains of abilities: Cognitive, Receptive and Expressive Communication and Language, Gross and Fine Motor Skills, Social-emotional e Adaptive Behavior. This study aims to investigate criterion validity evidences and sensitivity and specificity from IDADI comparing groups with and without ASD. Thirty-one mothers of children with ASD (26 boys, 83.9%) and 54 mothers of children without any kind of diagnosis (45 boys, 83.3%) took part in this study. Data related to age, child sex, mother’s schooling and family income have been paired between the two groups. In multivariate analysis of variance, the diagnosis presented a large effect size in the domains of Communication and Expressive Language (d =2,7), Receptive Language (d = 2,6), Adaptive Behavior (d =2,5), Social-emotional (d =2,2), Fine Motor Skills (d =1,7), Cognitive (d =1,6) and Gross Motor Skills (d = 1,5). Sensitivity and specificity indexes support the use of IDADI in the identification of children with suspected ASD in the relevant domains to the diagnosis. The preliminary validity evidences found in this study support the use of IDADI as an instrument for developmental assessment of children with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'objectif de ce travail était de déterminer la valeur diagnostique de la cytoponction à l'aiguille fine (CPAF) et son apport dans la prise en charge des tumeurs parotidiennes, à travers une étude rétrospective portant sur 47 patients opérés d'une tumeur parotidienne et ayant eu une cytoponction préopératoire. Quatre-vingt-un pourcent des malades présentaient une tumeur bénigne et 19% une tumeur maligne. La sensibilité et la spécificité de la CPAF étaient respectivement de 78% et de 92%. Les tumeurs parotidiennes ont été correctement classées comme malignes ou bénignes dans 89% des cas, le taux d'exactitude globale était de 64,4%. La CPAF est un examen fiable permettant une information préopératoire sur le planning thérapeutique et les suites postopératoires.

The prevalence of memory disorders in adulthood requires sensitive, specific and quick administration screenings instruments for the detection of cognitive impairment. Objective: To establish the validation of EDO, a brief questionnaire to be completed by the patient's informant, which serves to detect subjects with mild cognitive impairment. It is an instrument that can be administered in a simple manner and has the advantage of not needing the presence of the patient. The questionnaire has 10 quick response questions to be used in the clinic. Methods: 44 patients with mild cognitive impairment and 40 normal controls matched by age and educational level were evaluated with EDO and with an extensive Neuropsychological Battery. Results: Groups differed significantly in the EDO, MMSE (p <.001), CDR (p <.001) and RAVLT (p <.001). The EDO showed a significant correlation with the CDR (r = .524, p < .001), with RAVLT (r = -.551, p < .001) and with the FAQ (r = .705; p < .001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.835 and a cut-off score of 4 had a sensitivity of 0.75 and specificity of 0.78 to detect mild cognitive impairment. Conclusions: EDO is a fast and easy administration instrument with adequate psychometric properties to be used in MCI detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La prise en ompte et le calcul des incertitudes font partie des exigences d'accréditation des laboratoires de biologie médicale selon la norme NF EN ISO 15 189. Les examens de sérologie infectieuse sont assimilés dans leur grande majorité à des tests quantitatifs et il est donc logique de s'intéresser à l'incertitude analytique. Le niveau le plus pertinent où elle mérite d'être prise en compte est le seuil de positivité qui permet de déterminer la présence ou l'absence de l'anticorps ou de l'antigène recherchés. L'incertitude finale se calcule en faisant la somme quadratique des deux composantes principales que sont la justesse et la fidélité intermédiaire. Le contrôle interne de qualité proche du seuil permet d'estimer la fidélité intermédiaire. Pour la justesse, le biais sera déterminé, le cas échéant, en utilisant les standards de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) pour les résultats rendus en unités internationales. L'incertitude totale élargie permet ainsi d'optimiser la zone douteuse en fonction des performances réelles de la méthode. À côté de l'incertitude analytique, la spécificité diagnostique et la limite de détection ont un impact tout aussi important sur la valeur prédictive du résultat et elles ne doivent pas être négligées. En l'absence de standards internationaux pour l'ensemble des paramètres de sérologie, le choix du contrôle externe de qualité apparaît comme un élément particulièrement critique. Uncertainty in serological testing Taking into account and estimation of uncertainty are now mandatory to meet the guidelines for accreditation of medicine laboratories according to NF EN ISO 15 189 norm. Serological tests in infectious diseases are frequently considered as quantitative assays and evaluating the analytical uncertainty is clear to us. The most pertinent level for assessing uncertainty is the positive threshold that permits to discriminate the presence or absence of the antibody or the antigen of interest. Total uncertainty is determined using bias and reproducibility of the method. A low level of the internal quality control is optimal to determine reproducibility while bias will be obtained using, if available, WHO standards for methods with results in international units. Global uncertainty is then a good way to optimize the gray zone according to the real performances of the methods. In addition to analytical uncertainty, diagnosis specificity and lower limit of detection also impact significantly the predictive value of the results and thus must not be neglected. Considering the rarity of international standards for most of the serological markers, the choice of external quality assessment programs is particularly critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Pan African Medical Journal is the property of Pan African Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Three scoring methods for the widely available Adult ADHD Symptoms Rating Scale v1.1 (ASRS) have been proposed to screen for ADHD, but these three methods have rarely been compared against formal clinical diagnoses. We aimed to validate the French version of the ASRS against a clinical interview using DSM-IV and DSM-5 diagnostic algorithms., Methods: One hundred five adults from a convenience sample were evaluated with the ASRS and the DIVA 2.0, using both DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria. We used Confirmatory Factor Analysis to investigate the underlying structure of the ASRS. Sensitivity, specificity, and classification accuracy were compared between the rating algorithms of the ASRS., Results: The full score method had worse predictive performance than the Screener and the 2-stage scoring method. All characteristics of the three scoring methods for the ASRS were worse when applying DSM-5 criteria. The best-fitting structure was a bi-factor model with a general ADHD factor and three specific factors., Conclusions: ADHD was best conceived as a one-dimensional construct. The 2-stage scoring method superseded the Screener with comparable sensitivity and specificity., (Copyright © 2022 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Dans le présent article nous prenons pour objet la spécificité de la traduction de jeunesse, en mettant l’accent sur la dimension culturelle à préserver dans le texte cible. Après un bref regard historique et théorique sur la traduction du texte pour enfants, nous présentons quelques analyses sommaires sur un corpus de contes pour enfants qui privilégient le rapport entre identité et altérité, l’ouverture à l’autre. Nous nous arrêtons, à travers notre pratique traductive, aux stratégies et procédés appropriés pour rendre la dimension culturelle du texte de départ afin de donner accès au jeune lecteur à une culture étrangère. Les stratégies traductives sont analysées en complémentarité avec des stratégies éditoriales et pédagogiques. Une place particulière est accordée à l’appareil paratextuel qui propose diverses formules pour satisfaire la curiosité du lecteur et contribue au développement de sa compétence encyclopédique.

Copyright of Revue d'Économie Régionale & urbaine is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Résumé Le cannabis est un fléau social. L’analyse toxicologique avec une technique performante s’avère indispensable pour le dépistage du cannabis. Objectif : Comparer les performances de l’immuno-analyse (EMIT) et de la chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (CPG-SM) ; pour le dépistage urinaire du 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta 9-tetrahydrocanabinol (THC-COOH). Matériel & Méthodes : 42 échantillons urinaires ont été soumis à un dépistage du THC-COOH. Résultats : L’analyse par EMIT a révélé 12 cas positifs (29 %) et 30 négatifs (71 %). La technique CPG-SM a donné 13 cas positifs (31 %) et 29 négatifs (69 %). L’étude comparative entre les deux techniques a montré 5 faux positifs (11,91 %) et 6 faux négatifs (14,28 %). Discussion : 7 cas positifs (16,67 %) et 24 négatifs (57,14 %) ont été retrouvés par les deux techniques analytiques ; 6 cas étaient négatifs par EMIT et positifs par CPG-SM (14,28 %) et 5 cas étaient positifs par EMIT et négatifs par CPG-SM (11,91 %). Conclusion : La faible sensibilité et l’importance des réactions croisées avec EMIT illustre la nécessité d’une démarche de confirmation d’un résultat positif au THC-COOH par CPG-SM. La sensibilité à 53 % s’explique par le cut-off de l’EMIT à 50ng/mL. EMIT présente une spécificité de 83 % liée aux réactions croisées. Cannabis is a social scourge. A toxicological analysis using an efficient technique is essential for the screening of cannabis. Objective : To compare the performance of EMIT and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ; used for the urinary detection of 11-nor-delta 9-tetrahydro-cannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH). Materials & Methods : 42 Urine samples were screened. Results : Analysis by EMIT revealed 12 positive cases (29 %) and 30 negative (71 %).Whereas GC-MS gave 13 positive cases (31 %) and 29 negative (69 %). Comparison between the two techniques revealed 5 false positive (11.91 %) and 6 false negative (14.28 %). Discussion : 7 samples are were positive (16.67 %), 24 negative (57.14 %) by both analytical techniques ; 6 samples were negative by EMIT and positive by GC-MS (14.28 %) and 5 samples are were positive by EMIT and negative by GC-MS (11.91 %). Conclusion : Low sensitivity and the importance of cross-reactions with EMIT illustrates the need for a confirmation of a positive result using GC-MS. The sensitivity of 53 % is explained by the cut-off of EMIT to 50ng/mL. EMIT has a specificity of 83 %; wich is explained by cross-reactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Résumé Avec les nouveaux examens diagnostiques tels que le dosage des anticorps anti-protéines citrullinées et l’apparition de nouveaux concepts tels que la fenêtre d’opportunité thérapeutique, il a semblé il y a quelques années qu’il était temps de réviser les critères de classification de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde (PR) de 1987. Cette révision a été un processus de consensus international de plusieurs années qui s’est conclu en 2010. Les nouveaux critères ACR/EULAR 2010 ont initialement été conçus en tant que critères de classification de la PR afin d’homogénéiser les populations de patients inclus dans les essais cliniques. Cependant, ils sont aussi couramment utilisés en pratique en tant que critères de diagnostic de la PR afin d’améliorer le diagnostic et le traitement précoces. Par rapport aux anciens critères de 1987, la sensibilité est meilleure mais la spécificité plus faible. L’inconvénient principal des nouveaux critères est donc la probabilité de diagnostic et de traitement par excès. Probabilité qui risque d’être augmentée si l’on cherche à améliorer la sensibilité des critères en s’aidant par exemple des techniques d’imagerie pour détecter les synovites. In the era of new diagnostic tools as anti-citrullinated proteins antibodies and new concepts as window of opportunity, it seemed a few years ago that it was time to revise 1987 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) classification criteria. It was a process of international consensus that took several years and was conclude in 2010. The new 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria were at first conceived as RA classification criteria in order to homogenize the populations of patients included in clinical trials. However, they are currently frequently used as RA diagnostic criteria in order to optimize early diagnosis and treatment. In comparison to the old 1987 criteria, the sensitivity is higher but the specificity is lower. Consequently, the main limitation of the new criteria is the risk of over-diagnosis and over-treatment. Trying to improve the sensitivity of the criteria, for example by using imaging exams to detect synovitis, might increase this risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims at pointing the specificity of the forms of address in a linguistic community, namely presenting the case of several such Romanian terms, which under the influence of the dynamics of social relations have been submitted to a significant devaluation. Based on a Romanian - French bilingual corpus, we also want to study the methods used by the translator in his effort to find a target functional equivalent of these specific terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reading a list of words aloud can improve recognition over silently reading them. This between-groups production effect (PE) cannot be due to relative distinctiveness because each group studies only 1 type of item. We tested 2 other possibilities. By a strategy account, a pure-aloud group might benefit from use of a production-based distinctiveness strategy at test (e.g., "Did I say this word aloud?"). By a strength account, aloud items may simply be more strongly encoded than silent items. To evaluate these accounts, we tested whether a between-group PE occurs when participants experience a salient within-group manipulation of font size, generation, or imagery at study. The answer was yes, except when imagery was the within-group task. This pattern, and aspects of participants' strategy reports, fit well with a strategy account if it is assumed that the imagery task led participants to abandon a production-based strategy. However, many of our findings were also compatible with an evaluated strength account if it is assumed that the imagery task led participants to abandon evaluating memory strength. In conjunction with recent findings, we suggest that multiple processes may contribute to the PE, and the relevant subset in play will differ as a function of study design, study task, and memory test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé La prise en charge d’une intoxication repose avant tout sur l’anamnèse et sur l’identification d’un toxidrome à partir de l’évaluation clinique et biologique. Les analyses toxicologiques peuvent compléter l’évaluation clinico-biologique. La Société de toxicologie clinique (STC) a proposé une liste restreinte de molécules pouvant être dosées en urgence dans le sang, pour lesquelles une relation effet-concentration a été décrite en lien avec le pronostic. Les techniques de dépistage sont réalisées en première intention par immunochimie et permettent de détecter la présence de molécules ou famille de molécules. Ces techniques ont l’avantage d’être rapides mais leurs performances analytiques doivent être considérées en fonction de leur sensibilité et de leur spécificité (possibles réactions croisées). Les résultats obtenus en dépistage sont généralement vérifiés par des techniques plus spécifiques comme la chromatographie couplée à la spectrométrie de masse qui permet d’identifier et de quantifier précisément les molécules. Aujourd’hui, de nouvelles molécules apparaissent quotidiennement sur le « marché », avec une accessibilité simplifiée sur Internet. L’identification et la quantification de ces nouvelles molécules constituent un nouveau défi pour les laboratoires. Summary Acute care of intoxication is based on a clinical and biological evaluations and toxidrome identification. The prescription of toxicological analyses can complete clinical examination and standard biological analyses. The STC (Clinical toxicology society) recommend quantifying the drugs for which a relation between concentration and effect/prognosis is established. The STC published a limited list of drugs following these criteria. First lines of analyses could be performed by screening techniques based on immunochemistry methods. Screening methods are fast but lack of sensibility and specificity. Results are mostly checked by methods with high level of precision such as chromatography method associated with mass spectrometry detection which allows identification and quantification. Identification and quantification of new drugs available via internet become a new challenge for laboratories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Medical Mycology / Journal de Mycologie Médicale is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper is an attempt to establish a connection between the analyst's ethics and the analytic method, a connection that emphasizes the notion of ethics in relation to the notion of method. The specific temporal dimension of psychoanalytic ethics indicates a back and forth process in relation to the method: after a movement to transgress analytic thinking, the ethical process consists in a movement to return to analytic thinking. The moments of impasse imply an implicit and explicit reflection from the part of the analyst on the limits of his method, so they imply an ethical process like the one proposed in this work. This is illustrated by the excerpt from J. D. Salinger's book 'The Catcher in the Rye' in which the hero changes his mind and by a clinical vignette from a paper of Dominique Scarfone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To study the influence of postural changes on aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR) in patients with suspected secondary hypertension and to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the recommended seated ARR compared to supine and upright ARR for primary aldosteronism screening. Methods Fifty-three hypertensive patients were prospectively hospitalized for secondary hypertension exploration (age: 51 ± 12, 66% males). After withdrawal of drugs interfering with renin angiotensin system, plasma aldosterone and direct renin concentration were measured in the morning, at bed after an overnight supine position, then out of bed after 1 hour of upright position and finally 2 hours later after 15 minutes of seating. Minimal renin value was set at 5 μUI/mL. Results Referring to ARR cut-off of 23 pg/μUI, the sensitivity of seated ARR was 57.1% and specificity was 92.3%. The negative and positive predictive values were 95.1% and 45.2% respectively. Compared to these results, a cut-off of 19 improved sensitivity to 85.7% with a specificity of 89.7%. Negative and positive predictive values were 98.3% and 41.1% respectively. Seated ARR mean value was lower than supine and upright ARR mean values, due to an overall increase in renin at seating compared to the supine position by factor 1.9 while aldosterone just slightly increased by factor 1.2. Seated ARR correlated to supine and upright ARR: correlation coefficients ( r ) 0.90 and 0.93 respectively ( P < 0.001). Conclusions Current recommended measurement of ARR in the seating position is fairly correlated to supine and upright ARR. A suggested cut-off value of 19 instead of 23 pg/μUI increased the discriminating power of this test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: L'échographie doppler couleur permet d'étudier l'insertion du cordon ombilical sur le placenta. Les études américaines et asiatiques montrent que les insertions anormales telles les insertions vélamenteuses et marginales sont associées à une élévation de la morbidité et mortalité périnatales. En Afrique et plus particulièrement au Cameroun, aucune étude n'a été publiée sur le sujet. D'où notre motivation à mener ce travail. METHODES: Il s'agissait d'une étude descriptive et analytique qui s'est déroulée sur une période deux ans (2011-2012) inclus à la maternité principale de l'Hôpital Central de Yaoundé. Cette étude a inclus 66 patientes qui ont subi chacune une échographie doppler couleur entre la 18ième et 30ième semaine de gestation, précisant le type d'insertion du cordon ombilical sur le placenta. A l'accouchement, un examen macroscopique du placenta a été réalisé afin de comparer le type d'insertion et réaliser les tests statistiques. RESULTATS: Des 66 grossesses étudiées, nous avons eu un pourcentage de visualisation du type d'insertion de 100%(66/66). Toutes les insertions étaient normales à l'échographie soit 20 centrales et 46 latérales. A l'examen macroscopique du placenta, nous avons eu 19(28.8%) insertions centrales, 47(71.2%) insertions latérales ; aucune insertion anormale n'ayant été objectivée. Les tests statistiques nous permettent d'avoir une sensibilité de 95%, une spécificité de 97.8%, une exactitude de 98%, une valeur prédictive positive de 95% et une valeur prédictive négative de 97.8%. Pour ces insertions, nous n'avons pas retrouvé d'association entre le mode d'accouchement, le poids de naissance, et le Score d'apgar avec le type d'insertion du cordon ombilical. CONCLUSION: Nous avons conclu que l'échographie doppler couleur a une haute sensibilité et spécificité dans la détermination de l'insertion du cordon ombilical sur le placenta. Il n'ya pas d'association entre le type d'insertion et le devenir maternofoetal.

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Many modern American operas revisit canonical American literature (e.g., The Great Gatsby, A Streetcar Named Desire, Of Mice and Men, An American Tragedy, A View from a Bridge, Moby-Dick, McTeague, Margaret Garner) or base themselves on historical events, especially recent ones (e.g., X: The Life and Times of Malcolm X, Nixon in China, Dr. Atomic). However, what is striking is that the focus of the latter is most often on the remarkable or heroic individual—as, indeed, it is in what could be called recent “celebrity opera” as well (as in Marilyn or Jackie O)—thus revealing the enduring power of American exceptionalism to this day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent literature analyses the role of territorial specificities, as the core of territorial rural development strategies based on differentiation. Unfortunately, the proliferation of quality assurance schemes is provoking a "labyrinth of labels" which diffuses the local efforts for capitalizing rural specificities. A second-generation of labels is currently being developed to simplify the territorial differentiation message. A number of territories in Southern Europe are basing their rural development strategies joining the so-called European Territorial Quality Mark ( E T Q M ) Project. This paper proposes an original methodology, designed and developed by authors, for the evaluation of some of these second-generation labels. This methodology has been validated in i5 rural territories as the pioneers of the E T Q M in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives We assessed the usefulness of the National TB and Leprosy Control Program ( NTLP) symptom-based tuberculosis ( TB) screening tool in identifying HIV-infected patients eligible for isoniazid preventive therapy in Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam Tanzania. Methods Descriptive cross-sectional study. Data collected included socio-demographic and clinical data. Chest X-ray, sputum for acid-fast bacilli ( AFB) microscopy, mycobacterial culture, CD4 + count and complete blood count were performed. Patients were considered not having active TB if they presented with no symptom in the screening tool, which comprised these symptoms: cough, fever and excessive night sweats for ≥2 weeks; weight loss of ≥3 kg in 4 weeks and haemoptysis of any duration. The reference standard was a negative culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Results We enroled 373 patients, of whom 72.1% were females. Active pulmonary TB was found in 4.1% (14/338) of the participants as defined by a positive culture. The sensitivity and specificity of the NTLP screening tool were 71.4% (10/14) and 75.9% (246/324), respectively. False-negative rate was 28.6% (4/10). Cough, fever for ≥2 weeks and weight loss were independent predictors of NTLP-defined TB. Cough ≥2 weeks predicted TB when a positive culture was used to define TB. Conclusion The screening tool had fairly good sensitivity and specificity for TB screening; however, there is a possibility that about 29% of the screened population will be given IPT while they are supposed to receive a full course of TB treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Purpose: The purposes of this study were: i) to compare the physiological responses measured during a specific table tennis incremental test with the physiological responses measured during cycling, arm cranking, and treadmill running tests; and ii) to verify the accuracy of table tennis performance prediction based on the physiological responses from these tests. Methods: Eleven national level male table tennis players participated in the study and undertook incremental tests using ergometers. Table tennis performance was defined as the ranking obtained during a simulated tournament between the participants. Results: In general, peak values for physiological variables (e.g., and [La]PEAK) were significantly lower (P <0.05) in the specific test (e.g., =39.9±1.5ml·kg−1 per minute and [La]PEAK=6.4±0.5mmol·L−1) than during cycling (e.g., =41.3±1.4ml·kg−1 per minute and [La]PEAK=10.2±0.7mmol·L−1) or running (e.g., =43.9±1.5ml·kg−1 per minute and [La]PEAK=10.0±0.7mmol·L−1), but higher than during arm cranking (e.g., =26.6±1.6ml·kg−1 per minute and [La]PEAK=8.9±0.6mmol·L−1). At respiratory compensation point intensity (RCP), only the variables measured on arm cranking were lower (P <0.05) than on the other ergometers. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed significant correlation between table tennis performance and lactate concentration ([La]) and also rate of perceived effort (RPE) at RCP during cycling (r =0.89; P <0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the significant differences obtained between the specific and laboratory ergometers demonstrate the need to use a specific test to measure physiological parameters in table tennis and the physiological parameters measured, independent of the ergometer used, are unable to predict table tennis performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]