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Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi razlike situacijske efikasnosti u odabranim parametrima napadačke i obrambene učinkovitosti prema različitim nogometnim pozicijama u jednoj sezoni Prve hrvatske nogometne lige za juniore. Ispitanici u ovom istraživanju su juniori nogometnog kluba HNK Hajduk Split, pri čemu je u istraživanju sudjelovalo ukupno 22 igrača podijeljenih u 4 grupe: obrambeni, bočni, vezni i napadači. Podaci su prikupljeni notacijskom analizom u programu LongoMatch, pri čemu je obrađeno 17 utakmica prve Hrvatske nogometne lige za juniore. Obrađeno je ukupno 19 varijabli situacijske efikasnosti podijeljene u napadačke i obrambene parametre koji su obrađeni u programu Statistica 13.5. Podaci su obrađeni deskriptivnom statistikom, ANOVA analizom i Bonferroni post-hoc analizom. Rezultati su pokazali kako postoji statistički značajnih razlika u varijablama: postotak uspješnih dodavanja, točna dodavanja u 90 minuta, točna duga lopta u 90 minuta, netočna duga lopta u 90 minuta, točna progresivna dodavanja u 90 minuta i neuspješni driblinzi u 90 minuta u napadačkim parametrima. U obrambenim parametrima razlike su pronađene u varijablama: ničija lopta u 90 minuta, uspješan zračni duel u 90 minuta, presijecanja u 90 minuta, blokirani udarci u 90 minuta, otklonjena opasnost po 90 minuta te ukupan broj obrambenih akcija po 90 minuta., The aim of this research is to determine the differences in situational efficiency in selected parameters of attacking and defensive performance across different football (soccer) positions in one season of the First Croatian Junior Football League. The participants in this study were junior players from the football club HNK Hajduk Split, with a total of 22 players divided into four groups: defenders, fullbacks, midfielders, and forwards. The data were collected through notation analysis using the LongoMatch software, covering 17 matches of the First Croatian Junior Football League. A total of 19 variables of situational efficiency were analyzed, categorized into attacking and defensive parameters, and processed using the Statistica 13.5 software. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA analysis, and Bonferroni post-hoc analysis. The results showed statistically significant differences in the following variables in attacking parameters: percentage of successful passes, accurate passes, accurate long passes, inaccurate long passes, accurate progressive passes and unsuccessful dribbles. In defensive parameters, differences were found in the following variables: interceptions, successful aerial duels, blocked shots, cleared dangers and total defensive actions.

Glavni cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi i analizirati utjecaj situacijskih tehničko-taktičkih parametara na uspješnost u 1. Hrvatskoj nogometnoj ligi (1.HNL) u prvom dijelu natjecanja sezone 2021./2022. Uzorak je činilo ukupno 90 utakmica 1.HNL koja se te sezone igrala četverokružno i koja je brojila 10 klubova. Korišten je uzorak od 30 varijabli situacijske učinkovitosti preuzetih s aplikacije „SofaScore“. Uz deskriptivnu obradu podataka, za utvrđivanje značajnosti pojedinih varijabli s obzirom na ishod utakmice, korištena je multinomialna logistička regresija u računalnom programu IMB SPSS Statistics 20. Rezultati su pokazali kako su varijable koje imaju statistički važan utjecaj na ishode utakmice 1.HNL sljedeće: posjed lopte, udarci, udarci u okvir, zaleđa i velike prilike. Na temelju rezultata ovog rada, možemo zaključiti kako su ekipe koje igraju napadački nogomet s visokim postotkom posjeda i velikom frekvencijom napada (udarci, udarci u okvir, zaleđe i velike prilike) u konačnici uspješnije. Ovaj rad može poslužiti trenerima i nogometnim stručnjacima kako bi kvalitetnije planirali i programirali trenažne procese, strategiju i realizaciju utakmice., The main goal of this paper was to determine and analyze the influence of situational technical-tactical parameters on success in the 1st Croatian Football League (1.HNL) in the first part of the 2021/2022 season. The sample consisted of a total of 90 matches of the 1.HNL, which was played in four rounds that season and which included 10 clubs. A sample of 30 situational efficiency variables taken from the "SofaScore" application was used. In addition to descriptive data processing, multinomial logistic regression was used in the IMB SPSS Statistics 20 computer program to determine the significance of individual variables with regard to the outcome of the match. The results showed that the variables that have a statistically significant influence on the outcome of the 1.HNL match are the following: possession of the ball , shots, shots on goal, offsides and big chances. Based on the results of this paper, we can conclude that teams that play attacking football with a high percentage of possession and a high frequency of attacks (shots, shots on goal, offsides and big chances) are ultimately more successful. This work can serve coaches and football experts to better plan and program training processes, strategy and implementation of the match.

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi razlike situacijske efikasnosti u odabranim parametrima napadačke i obrambene učinkovitosti prema različitim nogometnim pozicijama u jednoj sezoni Prve hrvatske nogometne lige za juniore. Ispitanici u ovom istraživanju su juniori nogometnog kluba HNK Hajduk Split, pri čemu je u istraživanju sudjelovalo ukupno 22 igrača podijeljenih u 4 grupe: obrambeni, bočni, vezni i napadači. Podaci su prikupljeni notacijskom analizom u programu LongoMatch, pri čemu je obrađeno 17 utakmica prve Hrvatske nogometne lige za juniore. Obrađeno je ukupno 19 varijabli situacijske efikasnosti podijeljene u napadačke i obrambene parametre koji su obrađeni u programu Statistica 13.5. Podaci su obrađeni deskriptivnom statistikom, ANOVA analizom i Bonferroni post-hoc analizom. Rezultati su pokazali kako postoji statistički značajnih razlika u varijablama: postotak uspješnih dodavanja, točna dodavanja u 90 minuta, točna duga lopta u 90 minuta, netočna duga lopta u 90 minuta, točna progresivna dodavanja u 90 minuta i neuspješni driblinzi u 90 minuta u napadačkim parametrima. U obrambenim parametrima razlike su pronađene u varijablama: ničija lopta u 90 minuta, uspješan zračni duel u 90 minuta, presijecanja u 90 minuta, blokirani udarci u 90 minuta, otklonjena opasnost po 90 minuta te ukupan broj obrambenih akcija po 90 minuta. The aim of this research is to determine the differences in situational efficiency in selected parameters of attacking and defensive performance across different football (soccer) positions in one season of the First Croatian Junior Football League. The participants in this study were junior players from the football club HNK Hajduk Split, with a total of 22 players divided into four groups: defenders, fullbacks, midfielders, and forwards. The data were collected through notation analysis using the LongoMatch software, covering 17 matches of the First Croatian Junior Football League. A total of 19 variables of situational efficiency were analyzed, categorized into attacking and defensive parameters, and processed using the Statistica 13.5 software. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA analysis, and Bonferroni post-hoc analysis. The results showed statistically significant differences in the following variables in attacking parameters: percentage of successful passes, accurate passes, accurate long passes, inaccurate long passes, accurate progressive passes and unsuccessful dribbles. In defensive parameters, differences were found in the following variables: interceptions, successful aerial duels, blocked shots, cleared dangers and total defensive actions.

Glavni cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi i analizirati utjecaj situacijskih tehničko-taktičkih parametara na uspješnost u 1. Hrvatskoj nogometnoj ligi (1.HNL) u prvom dijelu natjecanja sezone 2021./2022. Uzorak je činilo ukupno 90 utakmica 1.HNL koja se te sezone igrala četverokružno i koja je brojila 10 klubova. Korišten je uzorak od 30 varijabli situacijske učinkovitosti preuzetih s aplikacije „SofaScore“. Uz deskriptivnu obradu podataka, za utvrđivanje značajnosti pojedinih varijabli s obzirom na ishod utakmice, korištena je multinomialna logistička regresija u računalnom programu IMB SPSS Statistics 20. Rezultati su pokazali kako su varijable koje imaju statistički važan utjecaj na ishode utakmice 1.HNL sljedeće: posjed lopte, udarci, udarci u okvir, zaleđa i velike prilike. Na temelju rezultata ovog rada, možemo zaključiti kako su ekipe koje igraju napadački nogomet s visokim postotkom posjeda i velikom frekvencijom napada (udarci, udarci u okvir, zaleđe i velike prilike) u konačnici uspješnije. Ovaj rad može poslužiti trenerima i nogometnim stručnjacima kako bi kvalitetnije planirali i programirali trenažne procese, strategiju i realizaciju utakmice. The main goal of this paper was to determine and analyze the influence of situational technical-tactical parameters on success in the 1st Croatian Football League (1.HNL) in the first part of the 2021/2022 season. The sample consisted of a total of 90 matches of the 1.HNL, which was played in four rounds that season and which included 10 clubs. A sample of 30 situational efficiency variables taken from the "SofaScore" application was used. In addition to descriptive data processing, multinomial logistic regression was used in the IMB SPSS Statistics 20 computer program to determine the significance of individual variables with regard to the outcome of the match. The results showed that the variables that have a statistically significant influence on the outcome of the 1.HNL match are the following: possession of the ball , shots, shots on goal, offsides and big chances. Based on the results of this paper, we can conclude that teams that play attacking football with a high percentage of possession and a high frequency of attacks (shots, shots on goal, offsides and big chances) are ultimately more successful. This work can serve coaches and football experts to better plan and program training processes, strategy and implementation of the match.

Nogomet se kao sport neprestano mijenja i razvija pa tako dolazi i do raznih promjena situacijskih zahtjeva u igri. U ovom radu istražene su neke od promjena koje su se dogodile na terenu u posljednjem desetljeću. Analizirane su utakmice grupne faze najelitnijeg godišnjeg klupskog nogometnog natjecanja, europske Lige prvaka, u sezonama 2012./13. i 2020./21. Na temelju prikupljenih podataka, uspoređena je situacijska učinkovitost klubova koji su se kvalificirali za eliminacijski krug natjecanja, kao i onih koji nisu. Nadalje, uspoređeni su parametri igre klubova koji su prošli grupnu fazu u 2012./13. i onih koji su isto ostvarili u 2020./21. sezoni, te onih koji se nisu kvalificirali za sljedeći krug u obje sezone. Analizom je potvrđena statistički značajna promjena situacijske učinkovitosti između klubova u dvije promatrane sezone, i to u sljedećim parametrima: udarci unutar okvira, prosjek udaraca unutar okvira, točnost dodavanja, ukupan broj točnih dodavanja i prosjek točnih dodavanja., Football is constantly changing and developing leading to various changes of situational requirements in the game. This work aims to explore some of those changes that have occured over the last decade. All matches played in UEFA Champions League group stage during the 2012/13 and 2020/21 seasons were analysed to compare the situational efficiency of clubs who managed to qualify for the knock-out round, as well as those who failed to do so. Furthermore, a situational efficiency comparison was performed to analyse the differences between the clubs’ performance in the 2012/13 and 2020/21 group stages – both between the clubs that qualified for the elimination round, and those who did not. The analysis confirmed a statistically relevant change in certain observed situational efficiency variables between the clubs’performances over the two seasons. The variables where a change was observed included: shots on target, average shots on target, pass accuracy, total accurate passes and average accurate passes.

Uloga statistike kao znanosti u košarkaškom svijetu je svakim danom sve veća te značajno utječe na trenažnu pripremu same momčadi. Svrha ovog istraživanja je priložiti jedan statistički model vrhunske košarkaške momčadi pomoću 13 varijabli situacijske učinkovitosti. S 344 utakmice iz 11 sezona elitnog europskog natjecanja dobiti ćemo detaljan uvid u statističke vrijednosti vrhunske košarkaške momčadi. U radu ćemo analizirati momčad Real Madrida čiji je trener kroz svih 11 sezona bio španjolski stručnjak Pablo Laso. Statistički predložak momčadi koja je konstantno u europskom vrhu, dopunjen dosadašnjim istraživanjima koja se bave utjecajem varijabli situacijske učinkovitosti na uspjeh, može biti od velike pomoći trenerima prilikom kreiranja trenažnog procesa., The role of statistics as a science in basketball world is growing each day and is affecting the training process of a basketball team. Aim of this study is to show a statistics model of the elite basketball team with 13 variables of situational efficiency. With 344 games from 11 seasons in elite european competition we will get a closer look into statistic values of elite basketball team. In this paper we will analyze Real Madrid whose coach was Pablo Laso in all 11 seasons. Statistics model of a team who is constanstly in European top, added by previous researches whose aim was to determine the influence of each of 13 variables of situational effectivens on the end score, can be of great help to coaches while preparing a training process.

Cilj ovog istraživanja je ukazati na specifične parametre koji utječu na pozitivan ili negativan ishod nogometne utakmice tijekom jedne sezone natjecanja u UEFA Europskoj Ligi u natjecateljskoj sezoni 2021./ 2022. Ispitanici u ovom istraživanju bile su odigrane utakmice u grupnoj fazi UEFA Europske Lige u sezoni 2021./2022. Svaki klub je odigrao 6 utakmica u grupnoj fazi UEFA Europske Lige. Ispitali smo ukupno 30 varijabli u Statistics 13.4. Deskriptivnom statistikom dobili smo rezultate ekipa koje su prošle grupnu fazu UEFA Europske Lige, te one koje nisu prošle grupnu fazu UEFA Europske Lige. Zatim smo dobili rezultate ekipa po plasmanu. T-test je korišten kako bismo utvrdili razlike u statističkim parametrima koji su potrebni za prolazak skupine. Pregledom rezultata dobivenih iz testova moţemo zaključiti da se hipoteza H1 djelomično prihvaća, jer su pronađene razlike u većini varijabli dok u ostalima nisu. Zaključujemo da analizom situacijske učinkovitosti moţemo pronaći parametre koji utječu na uspjeh i neuspjeh u grupnoj fazi UEFA Europske Lige., The aim of this research is to indicate specific parameters that have a positive or negative effect the outcome of a football match during one season of competition in the UEFA Europa League 2021./2022.. The respondents in the research were played matches in the group stage of UEFA Europe League in the 2021./2022 season. Each club played 6 matches in the UEFA Europe League group stage. We examined a total of 30 variables in Statistics 13.4. With descriptive statistics we got the result of the teams that passed the group stage of the UEFA Europe League, and those that did not UEFA Europe League group stage. Then we got the results of the teams by placement. It,s a test used to determine the differences in the statistical parameters needed to pass groups. By reviewing the result obtained from the tests, we can concluded that hypothesis H1 is partially supported differences view found in the most variables while others were not. We conclude that by analyzing situational effectiveness we can find the parameters that influence succes and failure in the UEFA Europa League group stage.

Budući da servis i vraćanje servisa čine skupinu tehničko-taktičkih elemenata od kojih ovisi uspjeh u teniskom meču, cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi razlike u parametrima situacijske uspješnosti servisa i vraćanja servisa između igrača pobjednika i poraženih na Roland Garrosu 2021. godine. Uzorak ispitanika čine 128 igrača koji su se plasirali u glavni ždrijeb turnira u muškoj konkurenciji. Uzorak varijabli sastoji se od ukupno 16 varijabli koje su podijeljene na parametre servisa i parametre vraćanja servisa. Razlike između parametara situacijske efikasnosti servisa između igrača pobjednika i poraženih utvrđene su t-testom za nezavisne uzorke. Rezultati su pokazali kako u prvom setu kod pobjednika broj dvostrukih pogrešaka u prosjeku iznosi (0,94 ± 1,05) dok je kod poraženih to (1,25 ± 1,09) pogrešaka. Također, rezultati pokazuju kako poraženi imaju veći broj ubačenih drugih servisa od pobjednika, ali da pobjednici ipak postižu značajno veći broj poena (14,46 ± 4,52) nakon ubačenog drugog servisa u odnosu na poražene igrače (12,6 ± 5,19). Ono što je očekivano i u skladu s dosadašnjim istraživanjima je da pobjednici postižu veći broj osvojenih servis gemova (4,1 ± 1,02) i break lopti (1,58 ± 0,98) u odnosu na poražene u prvom setu (3,2 ± 1,52 i 0,72 ± 0,78). U drugom setu dobiveno je da pobjednici postižu statistički značajno bolje rezultate u broju as udaraca (2,16 ± 2,02) u odnosu na poražene (1,58 ± 1,61). Nadalje, vidljivo je kako poraženi imaju veći broj ubačenih prvih i drugih servisa (30,84 ± 8,34) u odnosu na pobjednike (28,7 ± 8,09), a to je dobar pokazatelj kako igrači pobjednici bolje vraćaju servis. Najmanja razlika između igrača pobjednika i poraženih javlja se u trećem setu gdje su razlike vidljive samo u parametrima vraćanja servisa gdje igrači pobjednici postižu bolje rezultate. Ono što je zanimljivo da su u trećem setu najveće razlike između igrača pobjednika i poraženog u varijablama vraćanja servisa. Tako igrači pobjednici postižu značajno veći broj osvojenih poena nakon vraćenog prvog i drugog servisa. Također, pobjednici imaju veći broj osvojenih break lopti (1,52 ± 0,94) u odnosu na poražene igrače (0,76 ± 0,85). Since service and service return constitute a group of technical-tactical elements on which success in a tennis match depends, the aim of this study is to determine differences in the parameters of situational service success and service return between winning and losing players at Roland Garros 2021. The sample of respondents consists of 128 players who placed in the main draw of the tournament in the men's competition. The sample of variables consists of a total of 16 variables that are divided into service parameters and service return parameters. Differences between service situational performance parameters between winning players and losers were determined by t-test for independent samples. The results showed that in the first set, the number of double faults in the winners averaged (0.94 ± 1.05), while in the losers up to (1.25 ± 1.09) the error. Also, the results show that the losers have a higher number of inserted other services than the winners, but that the winners still score a significantly higher number of points (14.46 ± 4.52) after the second serve was inserted compared to the defeated players (12.6 ± 5.19 ). What is expected and in accordance with previous research is that the winners achieve a higher number of won game services (4.1 ± 1.02) and break balls (1.58 ± 0.98) compared to the losers in the first set (3.2 ± 1.52 and 0.72 ± 0.78). In the second set, the winners achieved statistically significantly better results in the number of strokes (2.16 ± 2.02) compared to the losers (1.58 ± 1.61). Furthermore, it can be seen that the losers have a higher number of inserted first and second services (30.84 ± 8.34) compared to the winners (28.7 ± 8.09), which is a good indicator of how the winning players return the service better. The biggest difference between the winning players and the losers occurs in the third set where the differences are only visible in the service return parameters where the winning players achieve better results. What is interesting is that in the third set, the biggest differences between the winning player and the loser are in the variables of service return. Thus, the winning players score a significantly higher number of points after returning the first and second serve. Also, the winners have a higher number of break points won (1.52 ± 0.94) compared to the lost games (0.76 ± 0.85).

Cilj ovog rada je prikazati, usporediti i utvrditi postoji li statistički značajna razlika između određenih parametara situacijske efikasnosti vratara 1. HNL u prvih pet momčadi koje se bore za europsko natjecanje i drugih pet momčadi koje se bore za opstanak u ligi na kraju sezone 2020./2021. Odnosno utvrditi koliku vratar ima ulogu u samoj poziciji na tablici. Korištenjem programa Statistica odnosno korištenjem određenih metoda u programu (T-test, deskriptivna statistika) utvrđena je razlika situacijske efikasnosti vratara prvih pet klubova na tablici koji se primarno bore za kvalifikacije europskih natjecanja te vratara zadnjih pet klubova na tablici koji se primarno bore za ostanak u ligi. Obrađeni podaci jasno pokazuju statistički značajnu razliku u 7 od 9 korištenih varijabli, a to su: ukupan broj udaraca, udarci u okvir vrata, primljeni pogoci, utakmice bez primljenog pogotka (cleansheet), obrane vratara, postotak obrana te očekivani broj primljenih pogodaka. Nije zapažena statistički značajna razlika u dvije varijable, a to su broj dodavanja i postotak točnih dodavanja. Iz korištenih parametara vidimo da vratari koji igraju u boljim klubovima odnosno klubovima u prvoj polovici tablice imaju i znatno manje doticaja s loptom u smislu da imaju nešto manje udaraca u okvir gola nego momčadi u donjem dijelu tablice. Također i broj očekivanih primljenih pogodaka je nešto niži kod vratara u gornjem dijelu tablice. The aim of this research is to show, compare and determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between certain parameters of situational efficiency of the 1st HNL goalkeeper in the first five teams fighting for European competition and the other five fighting for survival in the league at the end of the 2020./2021.season. Also determine how much the goalkeeper has a role in the position itself in the table. Using the Statistica program and also using certain methods in the program (T-test, descriptivestatistics), the difference between the situational efficiency of the goalkeepers of the first five clubs in the table who primarily fight for qualifications for European competitions and the goalkeepers of the last five clubs in the table who primarily fight for survival in the league was determined. The processed data clearly show a statistically significant difference in 7 of the 9 variable used, namely: total number of shots , shots on goal, goals conceded, matches without conceded goal(clean sheet), goalkeeper defenses, percentage of defenses and expected number of conceded goals. No statistically significant difference was observed in the two variables, namely the number of passes and the percentage of correct passes. From the used parameter we see that the goalkeeper who plays in better clubs or clubs in the first half of the table have significantly less contact with the ball in the sense that they have slightly fewer shots on goal than teams in the lower part of the table. Also, the number of expected goals scored is slightly lower for the goalkeeper at the top of the table.

Cilj rada je utvrditi i analizirati razlike u situacijskoj efikasnosti između pobjedničke i poražene momčadi Hrvatski Telekom Prve lige. Promatrano je 10 klubova tijekom cijele sezone 2020./2021. Ukupno je odigrano 180 utakmica u 36 kola, a svaka momčad je protiv druge igrala 2 puta na domaćem i 2 puta na gostujućem terenu. Notirano je ukupno 178 utakmica, a podaci su prikupljeni preko platforme InStat Scout. Uz deskriptivnu analizu podataka, kako bi se utvrdila razlika između momčadi, korištena je i neparametrijska statistika u vidu Mann Whitney - evog testa. Rezultati dobiveni na analizi 19 varijabli su pokazali da se pobjedničke momčadi od poraženih razlikuju u ukupno 11 varijabli: postignuti pogoci (p = 0,000), prilike za gol (p = 0,000), uspješne prilike za gol (p = 0,000), zaleđa (p = 0,005), udarci prema vratima (p = 0,001), udarci u okvir vrata (p = 0,000), dodavanja (p = 0,001), točna dodavanja (p = 0,001), dobiveni dueli (p = 0,039), posjed lopte (p = 0,000) i kazneni udarci (p = 0,012). Momčadi koje imaju veće tehničko i taktičko znanje pokazuju bolju i situacijski efikasniju igru u fazi napada, a samim time postižu i više pogodaka. Ovaj rad može poslužiti kao dobra smjernica trenerima za unapređenje izvedbe igrača i njihove situacijske uspješnosti. The aim of this paper is to determine and analyze the differences in situational efficiency between the winning and losing team of Hrvatski Telekom Prva liga. 10 clubs were observed throughout the season 2020/2021. A total of 180 games were played in 36 rounds, where each team played against the other 2 times at home and 2 times away. 178 matches were recorded and data were collected through the InStat Scout platform. In addition to descriptive data analysis, nonparametric statistics in the form of the Mann Whitney test were used to determine the difference between the teams.The results obtained on the analysis of 19 variables which showed that the winning teams differ from the losers in a total of 11 variables: goals (p = 0.000), chances (p = 0.000), chances successful (p = 0.000), offsides (p = 0.005), shots (p = 0.001), shots on target (p = 0.000), passes (p = 0.001), accurate passes (p = 0.001), challenges won (p = 0.039), ball possession (p = 0.000) and penalties (p = 0.012). Teams that have bigger technical and tactical knowledge show better and situationally more efficient play in the attack phase, and thus score more goals. This work can serve as a good guideline for coaches to improve player performance and their situational performance.

Osnovni cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi i objasniti razlike u situacijskoj efikasnosti i pojedinim psihološkim značajkama futsal igrača različite natjecateljske uspješnosti. Uzorak ispitanika predstavljao je ukupno 127 igrača i vratara svih 10 klubova 1. Hrvatske malonogometne lige u prvom dijelu sezone 2020./2021., promatranih u svih 45 utakmica, 9 kola polusezone. Uzorak varijabli u ovom istraživanju podijeljen je u 3 skupine: natjecateljska uspješnost, situacijska efikasnost i psihološke značajke. Natjecateljska uspješnost određena je s obzirom na kvalitetu igrača unutar ekipe i klupski rang. Situacijska efikasnost je opisana omjerom zbroja odabranih pokazatelja izvedbe i vremenskog trajanja igre od 600 sekundi svakog promatranog igrača. Određena je varijablama koje su notirane tijekom utakmica kao pokazatelji izvedbe futsal igrača i vratara. Futsal igrači su procijenjeni varijablama u fazi obrane (ukupno/uspješno/neuspješno: izbijanje lopte, oduzimanje lopte i presijecanje lopte) i fazi napada (ukupno/uspješno/neuspješno: driblinzi i fintiranja, primanje lopte, aktivno i pasivno dodavanje lopte i udarci prema vratima). Futsal vratari su procijenjeni varijablama obrane vratara (ukupno/uspješna/neuspješna obrana: udaraca unutar kaznenog prostora, udaraca izvan kaznenog prostora i individualne akcije) i varijablama dodavanja (ukupno/uspješno/neuspješno: aktivno i pasivno dodavanje lopte (rukom); ukupno/uspješno/neuspješno: aktivno i pasivno dodavanje lopte (nogom)). Psihološke značajke procijenjene su upitnikom stanja natjecateljske anksioznosti CSAI-2 i upitnikom vještina suočavanja za sport ACSI-28. Metode obrade podataka uključivale su izračunavanje parametara pouzdanosti i osjetljivosti. S ciljem identifikacije statistički značajnih razlika među grupama, korištena je jednosmjerna ANOVA. Za identifikaciju statističke značajnosti glavnog efekta korištena je Bonferroni post hoc korekcija. S ciljem utvrđivanja statistički značajne povezanosti, korištena je višestruka regresijska analiza uz korištenje unakrsne validacije generiranog regresijskog modela. Primijenjenim analizama utvrđene su metrijske značajke svih korištenih varijabli za procjenu situacijske efikasnosti i psiholoških značajki. Vrijednosti koeficijenta korelacije (r) između test-retest metode za utvrđivanje pouzdanosti na primijenjenim varijablama kreću se od 0,94 – 1,00 i sve su statistički značajne. Vrijednosti KS testa ne prelaze graničnu vrijednost, mjere asimetričnosti i zaobljenosti distribucije nemaju velika odstupanja od normalne distribucije. Korišteni testovi zadovoljavaju kriterije pouzdanosti, homogenosti i osjetljivosti za procjenu situacijske efikasnosti. Kod upitnika za procjenu stila suočavanja za sport i stanja natjecateljske anksioznosti pouzdanost ljestvica tipa internalne konzistencije (Cronbach alpha) su rangirane između 0,61 – 0,88. Budući je ovo istraživanje u ranoj fazi utvrđivanja psiholoških obilježja futsal igrača i ljestvice s internalnom pouzdanošću 0,60 – 0,69 mogu se smatrati niskom, ali uvjetno zadovoljavajućom pouzdanošću. U prostoru situacijske efikasnosti analizirane su razlike između skupina futsal igrača i futsal vratara različite natjecateljske uspješnosti. Najuspješniji futsal igrači u većini varijabli imaju veće prosječne vrijednosti. Analizom varijance situacijske efikasnosti futsal igrača dobivene su značajne razlike u 13 od 18 promatranih varijabli u fazi napada i značajna razlika u 1 od 9 promatranih varijabli u fazi obrane. Najveće razlike između skupina natjecateljske uspješnosti su utvrđene u fazi napada kod uspješnosti primanja lopte i dodavanja lopte, naročito s ciljem nastavka posjeda i/ili pripremanja momčadi za napad s ciljem aktivizacije igre i/ili ostvarenja pozitivne tranzicije i/ili stvaranja povoljne prilike za postizanje pogotka (asistencija, pred asistencija). Natjecateljski uspješniji futsal igrači značajno su bolji od natjecateljski manje uspješnih futsal igrača u situacijskoj efikasnosti u fazi napada, dok u fazi obrane značajna razlika ne postoji osim u neuspješnim oduzimanjima lopte. U prostoru situacijske efikasnosti futsal vratara dobivene su značajne razlike u 3 od 24 promatrane varijable. Analizom varijance u prostoru stila suočavanja za sport dobivene su značajne razlike u 1 od 7 promatranih varijabli, dok je u prostoru stanja natjecateljske anksioznosti dobivena značajna razlika u 1 od 3 promatrane varijable. Kod psiholoških vještina suočavanja to je vrhunska izvedba pod pritiskom i kod psiholoških vještina stanja natjecateljske anksioznosti kognitivna anksioznost. Kod navedenih razlika značajno se razlikuju najuspješniji futsal natjecatelji od najmanje uspješnih futsal natjecatelja. Diskriminacijskom analizom u prostoru psiholoških značajki stila suočavanja za sport utvrđeno je da uspješniji futsal natjecatelji značajno razlikuju od manje uspješnih, dok u prostoru psiholoških značajki stanja natjecateljske anksioznosti nisu dobivene značajne razlike. Kod psiholoških značajki stila suočavanja za sport ljestvice vrhunska izvedba pod pritiskom i stanje anksioznosti najviše pridonose razlikovanju 4 skupine futsal natjecatelja različitih indeksa individualne natjecateljske uspješnosti. Višestrukom regresijskom analizom utvrđena je povezanost situacijske efikasnosti futsal igrača i konačnog ishoda utakmica. U prognozi rezultata kriterijske varijable gol razlika uspješnost klubova u varijablama dodavanje lopte – aktivno, uspješno i izbijanje lopte – uspješno značajno doprinosi prognozi uspjeha. Kod futsal vratara nije utvrđena povezanost skupa prediktorskih varijabli, u kojima se promatrala uspješnost, s konačnim ishodom utakmica, gol razlikom. U prostoru psiholoških značajki značajna povezanost futsal natjecatelja i konačnog ishoda utakmica postoji samo kod ljestvice stila suočavanja za sport vrhunska izvedba pod pritiskom., The main scope of the research was to identify and explain the differences in situational efficiency and individual psychological characteristics of futsal players with different competitive performance. The respondent sample represented a total of 127 players and goalkeepers from all 10 clubs of the First Minifootball Division in Croatia in the first part of the 2020/2021 season, observed in all 45 matches, 9 rounds of the mid-season. Sample for variable in this research is divided in 3 groups: competitive performance, situational efficiency and psychological characteristics. Competitive performance is defined with reference to the quality of the player within the team and the club rank. Situational efficiency is described by the ratio of the sum of the selected indicators and in the period of 600 seconds of every observed player. It is defined by the variables that were written down during the matches as the performance indicators of the futsal players and goalkeepers. Futsal players are evaluated by variables in the phase of defense (overall/successful/unsuccessful: knocking the ball away, fumble recovery and intercepting) and in the phase of offense (overall/successful/unsuccessful: dribbling and feinting, ball receiving, active and passive ball passing and shots on target). Futsal goalkeepers are evaluated by the defense variables (overall/successful/unsuccessful saves: kicks within penalty area, kicks outside the penalty area and individual actions) and pass variables (overall/successful/unsuccessful: active and passive ball passing (by hand); overall/successful/unsuccessful: active and passive ball passing (by foot)). Psychological characteristics were assessed by means of questionnaires Competitive State Anxiety Inventory – 2, CSAI-2 and Athletic Coping Skills Inventory – 28, ACSI-28. Data processing methods include the calculation of parameters of reliability and sensibility. One-way ANOVA was used in order to identify statistically significant differences between the groups. Bonferroni post hoc was used for identification of statistical significance of the main effect. Multiple regression analysis with the use of cross-validation of generated regression model was used in order to determine a statistically significant correlation. Metric characteristics of all used variables were determined by applied analysis to evaluate situational efficiency and psychological characteristics. The correlation coefficient values (r) between test-retest method in establishing the reliability on the applied variables vary from 0,94 – 1,00 and they are all statistically significant. KS test values do not exceed the limit values, asymmetry measures, and the roundness of distribution does not deviate from the normal distribution. Used tests meet the reliability, homogeneity and sensibility criteria in assessing situational efficiency. In Athletic Coping Skills Inventory questionnaire and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory the reliability of scales of internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) are ranked between 0,61 – 0,88. Because this research is at an early stage of determining psychological characteristics of futsal players, scales with internal consistency 0,60 – 0,69 can be considered as low but conditionally satisfactory reliability. Differences between the groups of futsal players and futsal goalkeepers were analyzed in the space of the situational efficiency. The most successful futsal players in the most variables have higher average values. By analyzing the situational efficiency of futsal players significant differences were obtained in 13 out of 18 observed variables in the phase of offense and a significant difference in 1 out of 9 observed variables in the phase of defense. The biggest differences between the groups of competitive performance were determined in the phase of offense in the ball receiving and passing, especially with the purpose of continued ball possession and/or preparing the team for the offense in order to activate the game and/or achieving positive transition and/or creating a favorable opportunity to score (assistance, pre-assistance). Competitively more successful futsal players are significantly better than competitively less successful futsal players in the situational efficiency in the phase of offense, while in the phase of offense there is no significant difference, besides in unsuccessful fumbles. Significant differences in the space of the situational efficiency futsal goalkeepers were obtained in 3 out of 24 observed variables. Significant differences in 1 out of 7 observed variables were obtained by analyzing variance in the space of coping style for sport, while in the space of competitive anxiety there were in 1 out of 3 observed variables. In psychological coping skills that is Peaking under Pressure and in psychological skills of a state of competitive anxiety Cognitive Anxiety. The most successful futsal contestants significantly differ from the least successful futsal contestants in those differences. By means of discriminant analysis in the space of coping style for sport it was determined that more successful futsal contestants significantly differ from those that are less successful, while in the space of psychological characteristics there were no significant differences. In psychological characteristics of coping style for sport the scales Peaking under Pressure and the State of Anxiety contribute the most to differentiation of 4 groups of futsal contestants with different indices of individual competitive performance. The correlation of situational efficiency of futsal players and the final outcome of the matches was determined by means of multiple regression analysis. In the results of the criterion variable prediction of the goal difference the club’s performance in the variables ball pass – active, successful and ball fumble – successful significantly contributes to the prognosis of success. No correlation of a set of predictor variables has been determined with the futsal goalkeepers, in which the performance was observed with the final outcome of the matches, goal difference. In the space of the psychological characteristics the significant correlation of futsal contestants and the final outcome of the matches can be seen only in the scale Athletic Coping Skills Inventory, Peaking under Pressure.

Th e purpose of the present study was to investigate the eff ects of exponential and linear tapering protocols on the distance covered according to playing positions among junior elite soccer players. One-hundred and fi ft y-eight junior elite soccer players (mean age: 17.07±0.79 years ; mean height: 177.85±6.64 cm ; mean weight: 71.27±7.96 kg ; mean body-mass index: 22.50±1.66 kg/m²) were randomly selected into two groups: (1) exponential and (2) linear tapering group. Training sessions were conducted three times a week for eight weeks. Aft er four and eight weeks of the tapering period, participants were measured in the distance covered according to four basic playing positions on the fi eld: (1) goalkeepers, (2) defenders, (3) midfi elders, and (4) forwards. Th e results showed that the largest eff ects between the pre- and post- measurement had defenders in the exponential and goalkeepers in the linear group, goalkeepers in the distance covered by slow and medium running in both groups, forwards in fast running and sprinting in the exponential group, and midfi elders in the linear group. In conclusion, our results suggest that the exponential tapering protocol brought somewhat larger eff ects, especially in fast running and sprinting in forwards and slow and medium running in goalkeepers. Future studies need to implement both the exponential and the linear tapering protocols in order to enhance performance but favouring the exponential to produce larger eff ects.

Osnovni cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi i objasniti razlike u situacijskoj efikasnosti i pojedinim psihološkim značajkama futsal igrača različite natjecateljske uspješnosti. Uzorak ispitanika predstavljao je ukupno 127 igrača i vratara svih 10 klubova 1. Hrvatske malonogometne lige u prvom dijelu sezone 2020./2021., promatranih u svih 45 utakmica, 9 kola polusezone. Uzorak varijabli u ovom istraživanju podijeljen je u 3 skupine: natjecateljska uspješnost, situacijska efikasnost i psihološke značajke. Natjecateljska uspješnost određena je s obzirom na kvalitetu igrača unutar ekipe i klupski rang. Situacijska efikasnost je opisana omjerom zbroja odabranih pokazatelja izvedbe i vremenskog trajanja igre od 600 sekundi svakog promatranog igrača. Određena je varijablama koje su notirane tijekom utakmica kao pokazatelji izvedbe futsal igrača i vratara. Futsal igrači su procijenjeni varijablama u fazi obrane (ukupno/uspješno/neuspješno: izbijanje lopte, oduzimanje lopte i presijecanje lopte) i fazi napada (ukupno/uspješno/neuspješno: driblinzi i fintiranja, primanje lopte, aktivno i pasivno dodavanje lopte i udarci prema vratima). Futsal vratari su procijenjeni varijablama obrane vratara (ukupno/uspješna/neuspješna obrana: udaraca unutar kaznenog prostora, udaraca izvan kaznenog prostora i individualne akcije) i varijablama dodavanja (ukupno/uspješno/neuspješno: aktivno i pasivno dodavanje lopte (rukom); ukupno/uspješno/neuspješno: aktivno i pasivno dodavanje lopte (nogom)). Psihološke značajke procijenjene su upitnikom stanja natjecateljske anksioznosti CSAI-2 i upitnikom vještina suočavanja za sport ACSI-28. Metode obrade podataka uključivale su izračunavanje parametara pouzdanosti i osjetljivosti. S ciljem identifikacije statistički značajnih razlika među grupama, korištena je jednosmjerna ANOVA. Za identifikaciju statističke značajnosti glavnog efekta korištena je Bonferroni post hoc korekcija. S ciljem utvrđivanja statistički značajne povezanosti, korištena je višestruka regresijska analiza uz korištenje unakrsne validacije generiranog regresijskog modela. Primijenjenim analizama utvrđene su metrijske značajke svih korištenih varijabli za procjenu situacijske efikasnosti i psiholoških značajki. Vrijednosti koeficijenta korelacije (r) između test-retest metode za utvrđivanje pouzdanosti na primijenjenim varijablama kreću se od 0,94 – 1,00 i sve su statistički značajne. Vrijednosti KS testa ne prelaze graničnu vrijednost, mjere asimetričnosti i zaobljenosti distribucije nemaju velika odstupanja od normalne distribucije. Korišteni testovi zadovoljavaju kriterije pouzdanosti, homogenosti i osjetljivosti za procjenu situacijske efikasnosti. Kod upitnika za procjenu stila suočavanja za sport i stanja natjecateljske anksioznosti pouzdanost ljestvica tipa internalne konzistencije (Cronbach alpha) su rangirane između 0,61 – 0,88. Budući je ovo istraživanje u ranoj fazi utvrđivanja psiholoških obilježja futsal igrača i ljestvice s internalnom pouzdanošću 0,60 – 0,69 mogu se smatrati niskom, ali uvjetno zadovoljavajućom pouzdanošću. U prostoru situacijske efikasnosti analizirane su razlike između skupina futsal igrača i futsal vratara različite natjecateljske uspješnosti. Najuspješniji futsal igrači u većini varijabli imaju veće prosječne vrijednosti. Analizom varijance situacijske efikasnosti futsal igrača dobivene su značajne razlike u 13 od 18 promatranih varijabli u fazi napada i značajna razlika u 1 od 9 promatranih varijabli u fazi obrane. Najveće razlike između skupina natjecateljske uspješnosti su utvrđene u fazi napada kod uspješnosti primanja lopte i dodavanja lopte, naročito s ciljem nastavka posjeda i/ili pripremanja momčadi za napad s ciljem aktivizacije igre i/ili ostvarenja pozitivne tranzicije i/ili stvaranja povoljne prilike za postizanje pogotka (asistencija, pred asistencija). Natjecateljski uspješniji futsal igrači značajno su bolji od natjecateljski manje uspješnih futsal igrača u situacijskoj efikasnosti u fazi napada, dok u fazi obrane značajna razlika ne postoji osim u neuspješnim oduzimanjima lopte. U prostoru situacijske efikasnosti futsal vratara dobivene su značajne razlike u 3 od 24 promatrane varijable. Analizom varijance u prostoru stila suočavanja za sport dobivene su značajne razlike u 1 od 7 promatranih varijabli, dok je u prostoru stanja natjecateljske anksioznosti dobivena značajna razlika u 1 od 3 promatrane varijable. Kod psiholoških vještina suočavanja to je vrhunska izvedba pod pritiskom i kod psiholoških vještina stanja natjecateljske anksioznosti kognitivna anksioznost. Kod navedenih razlika značajno se razlikuju najuspješniji futsal natjecatelji od najmanje uspješnih futsal natjecatelja. Diskriminacijskom analizom u prostoru psiholoških značajki stila suočavanja za sport utvrđeno je da uspješniji futsal natjecatelji značajno razlikuju od manje uspješnih, dok u prostoru psiholoških značajki stanja natjecateljske anksioznosti nisu dobivene značajne razlike. Kod psiholoških značajki stila suočavanja za sport ljestvice vrhunska izvedba pod pritiskom i stanje anksioznosti najviše pridonose razlikovanju 4 skupine futsal natjecatelja različitih indeksa individualne natjecateljske uspješnosti. Višestrukom regresijskom analizom utvrđena je povezanost situacijske efikasnosti futsal igrača i konačnog ishoda utakmica. U prognozi rezultata kriterijske varijable gol razlika uspješnost klubova u varijablama dodavanje lopte – aktivno, uspješno i izbijanje lopte – uspješno značajno doprinosi prognozi uspjeha. Kod futsal vratara nije utvrđena povezanost skupa prediktorskih varijabli, u kojima se promatrala uspješnost, s konačnim ishodom utakmica, gol razlikom. U prostoru psiholoških značajki značajna povezanost futsal natjecatelja i konačnog ishoda utakmica postoji samo kod ljestvice stila suočavanja za sport vrhunska izvedba pod pritiskom. The main scope of the research was to identify and explain the differences in situational efficiency and individual psychological characteristics of futsal players with different competitive performance. The respondent sample represented a total of 127 players and goalkeepers from all 10 clubs of the First Minifootball Division in Croatia in the first part of the 2020/2021 season, observed in all 45 matches, 9 rounds of the mid-season. Sample for variable in this research is divided in 3 groups: competitive performance, situational efficiency and psychological characteristics. Competitive performance is defined with reference to the quality of the player within the team and the club rank. Situational efficiency is described by the ratio of the sum of the selected indicators and in the period of 600 seconds of every observed player. It is defined by the variables that were written down during the matches as the performance indicators of the futsal players and goalkeepers. Futsal players are evaluated by variables in the phase of defense (overall/successful/unsuccessful: knocking the ball away, fumble recovery and intercepting) and in the phase of offense (overall/successful/unsuccessful: dribbling and feinting, ball receiving, active and passive ball passing and shots on target). Futsal goalkeepers are evaluated by the defense variables (overall/successful/unsuccessful saves: kicks within penalty area, kicks outside the penalty area and individual actions) and pass variables (overall/successful/unsuccessful: active and passive ball passing (by hand); overall/successful/unsuccessful: active and passive ball passing (by foot)). Psychological characteristics were assessed by means of questionnaires Competitive State Anxiety Inventory – 2, CSAI-2 and Athletic Coping Skills Inventory – 28, ACSI-28. Data processing methods include the calculation of parameters of reliability and sensibility. One-way ANOVA was used in order to identify statistically significant differences between the groups. Bonferroni post hoc was used for identification of statistical significance of the main effect. Multiple regression analysis with the use of cross-validation of generated regression model was used in order to determine a statistically significant correlation. Metric characteristics of all used variables were determined by applied analysis to evaluate situational efficiency and psychological characteristics. The correlation coefficient values (r) between test-retest method in establishing the reliability on the applied variables vary from 0,94 – 1,00 and they are all statistically significant. KS test values do not exceed the limit values, asymmetry measures, and the roundness of distribution does not deviate from the normal distribution. Used tests meet the reliability, homogeneity and sensibility criteria in assessing situational efficiency. In Athletic Coping Skills Inventory questionnaire and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory the reliability of scales of internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) are ranked between 0,61 – 0,88. Because this research is at an early stage of determining psychological characteristics of futsal players, scales with internal consistency 0,60 – 0,69 can be considered as low but conditionally satisfactory reliability. Differences between the groups of futsal players and futsal goalkeepers were analyzed in the space of the situational efficiency. The most successful futsal players in the most variables have higher average values. By analyzing the situational efficiency of futsal players significant differences were obtained in 13 out of 18 observed variables in the phase of offense and a significant difference in 1 out of 9 observed variables in the phase of defense. The biggest differences between the groups of competitive performance were determined in the phase of offense in the ball receiving and passing, especially with the purpose of continued ball possession and/or preparing the team for the offense in order to activate the game and/or achieving positive transition and/or creating a favorable opportunity to score (assistance, pre-assistance). Competitively more successful futsal players are significantly better than competitively less successful futsal players in the situational efficiency in the phase of offense, while in the phase of offense there is no significant difference, besides in unsuccessful fumbles. Significant differences in the space of the situational efficiency futsal goalkeepers were obtained in 3 out of 24 observed variables. Significant differences in 1 out of 7 observed variables were obtained by analyzing variance in the space of coping style for sport, while in the space of competitive anxiety there were in 1 out of 3 observed variables. In psychological coping skills that is Peaking under Pressure and in psychological skills of a state of competitive anxiety Cognitive Anxiety. The most successful futsal contestants significantly differ from the least successful futsal contestants in those differences. By means of discriminant analysis in the space of coping style for sport it was determined that more successful futsal contestants significantly differ from those that are less successful, while in the space of psychological characteristics there were no significant differences. In psychological characteristics of coping style for sport the scales Peaking under Pressure and the State of Anxiety contribute the most to differentiation of 4 groups of futsal contestants with different indices of individual competitive performance. The correlation of situational efficiency of futsal players and the final outcome of the matches was determined by means of multiple regression analysis. In the results of the criterion variable prediction of the goal difference the club’s performance in the variables ball pass – active, successful and ball fumble – successful significantly contributes to the prognosis of success. No correlation of a set of predictor variables has been determined with the futsal goalkeepers, in which the performance was observed with the final outcome of the matches, goal difference. In the space of the psychological characteristics the significant correlation of futsal contestants and the final outcome of the matches can be seen only in the scale Athletic Coping Skills Inventory, Peaking under Pressure.

Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utječu li odabrani parametri situacijske učinkovitosti pozitivno ili negativno na krajnji ishod unutar grupne faze UEFA nogometne Lige prvaka sezone 2015./2016. Parametri su preuzeti sa službene UEFA-ine internet stranice. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od ukupno 96 utakmica, a metode koje su korištene za obradu podataka pored su deskriptivna statistika i t-test. Pregledom dosadašnje literature, a uspoređujući sa dosadašnjim istraživanjima cilj je bio ustanoviti koje parametre situacijske učinkovitosti posjeduju uspješne ekipe. Dobiveni rezultati mogu se koristiti u svrhu planiranja i programiranja trenažnog procesa te pri odabiru i kreiranju strategije nogometne igre., The main aim of this research is to determine whether the chosen parameters of situational effectiveness influence the final outcome of the UEFA Champions League 2015/2016 season group stage, either in a positive or a negative way. The parameters were collected from the official UEFA website. The research has been conducted on a sample of 96 football matches, and the methods used to test the hypothesis were descriptive statistics and the t-test. By a revision of published literature, and comparing to previous research, the aim is to determine which parameters of situational efficiency the successful teams do possess. The obtained results can be used for the purpose of planning and programming the training process, and also in chosing and creating a strategy of the football game.

Cilj istraživanja je ukazati na specifične parametre koji utječu na pozitivan ili negativan ishod nogometne utakmice tijekom jedne sezone natjecanja u UEFA Ligi prvaka 2016/17 godine. Ispitanici iz ovog istraživanja su igrali grupnu fazu natjecanja, svaki klub odigrao je po 6 utakmica. Obrađeno je ukupno 30 varijabli koje su analizirane programom Statistica 13.4. Deskriptivnim statističkim procedurama su obrađeni prikupljeni podaci ekipa koje su prošle, odnosno onih koje nisu prošle u daljnji tijek natjecanja. T-test je korišten za utvrđivanje razlika između promatranih ekipa. Rezultati su pokazali da se hipoteza H1 djelomično prihvaća. Zaključuje se da analizom situacijske učinkovitosti mogu se pronaći parametri koji utječu na razinu uspješnosti u grupnoj fazi Lige prvaka., The aim of this research is to indicate specific parameters that affect the positive or negative outcome of a football match during one season of competition in the UEFA Champions League 2016/17. Respondents were played matches in the group stage of the Champions League 2016/17 years. Each club played 6 games through the group stage of the Champions League. We examined a total of 30 variables in Statistics 13.4. Descriptive statistics gave us the results of teams that passed the group and those that did not and team placement. T-test was used to determine the differences in the statistical parameters between two groups. By reviewing the results obtained from the tests, we can establish that hypothesis H1 is partially accepted because differences were found in most variables but not in all. We conclude that by analyzing situational effectiveness we can find the parameters that influence success and failure in the group stage of the Champions League.

Serve is the only shot in a tennis match on which the opponent has no impact, meaning that the player who is serving has an advantage over the player who receives and returns the serve. When returning the serve, the player does not have much time to react, but at the same time, he must return with control in order to continue the play. Since Grand Slam tournaments represent the top level of competition, feedback about a player’s performance in such tournaments is the most relevant indicator for direction in planning and programming the training process. The aim of this research is to determine the differences in parameters of situational efficiency of serve and return of the serve between winners and defeated players during Roland Garros 2018. The sample of participants consists of 128 players. The sample of variables includes 16 statistical parameters (9 regarding serve and 7 regarding return of the serve). For the detection of differences between the winners and defeated players, the paired t-test was used. Based on the results it can be concluded that the winners and defeated players in the 1st and 2nd set differ in few important variables for winning the set. Due to a lapse in concentration and appearance of fatigue, defeated players lose serve quality, unlike the winners. In the 3rd set, winners are able to maintain the high quality of observed variables. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the return of serve is most probably one of the key determinants for success in tennis.

Cilj ovoga istraživanja jest utvrditi razlike u pokazateljima situacijske efikasnosti između ekipa na poziciji centralnog braniča unutar Hrvatski Telekom Prve lige s obzirom na poziciju nakon odigranog prvog dijela prvenstva. Rezultati T-testa i Mann-Whitneyevog testa pokazali su kako se ekipe koje se natječu za europska natjecanja (od prvog do petog mjesta) i ekipe koje se natječu za opstanak (od šestog do desetog mjesta) statistički značajno razlikuju u varijablama: blokirani udarci (uz pogrešku p

Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je utvrđivanje razlika između pokazatelja situacijske uspješnosti napada muških rukometnih ekipa u odnosu na pobjedu i poraz na Europskom prvenstvu u Hrvatskoj 2018. godine. Na prvenstvu je nastupalo 16 reprezentacija koje su bile razvrstane u 4 grupe sa po 4 reprezentacije. Uzorak entiteta je činilo 42 utakmice od 47 odigranih na turniru jer za dvije nije bilo službene statistike, a tri utakmice su završile neriješenim rezultatom. Za uzorak varijabli korišteni su tehničko – taktički elementi napada čiji je broj bio 10. Sve varijable bile su promatrane kroz uspješno i neuspješno izvedene elemente napada rukometne igre. Za utvrđivanje razlike između poraženih i pobjedničkih ekipa korišten je Mann – Whitneyev test. Od promatranih varijabli za njih dvije su utvrđene statistički značajne razlike: šut sa 9 metara neuspješno – ŠUT9MNE (p=0,00) i šut sa 6 metara uspješno – ŠUT6MUS (P=0,01). Pobjedničke ekipe karakterizira efikasan napad čiji napadači adekvatno rješavaju situacije sa linije 6 metara, te sa linije od 9 metara. Selekcija šuteva sa 9 metara se očituje kroz uspješne i neuspješne udarce prema golu. Poražene ekipe imaju znatno veći broj neuspješnih šuteva sa 9 metara u odnosu na pobjedničke ekipe. Pobjedničke ekipe zbog bolje selekcije šuteva imaju kvalitetniji i organiziraniji napad u odnosu na poražene ekipe. Rukometna igra zahtjeva sve veći angažman iz godine u godinu te je potrebno vršiti istraživanja ovog tipa i u budućnosti. The goal of this study is establish the difference of indicator of the situationally efficiency of winning and defeated male handball teams in European Championship in 2018. 16 national teams were appeared at the championship, which were placed on 4 groups with 4 teams. The sample consisted of 42 matches of 47 finished on tournament because there were not official statistics for two of them and three matches ended draw. For sample of variables they used 10 technical – tactical elements of attack. All variables ware observed through successfully and unsuccessfully executed attack elements of handball. To determine the difference between winning and defeated teams, the Mann – Whitney U test was used. Of observed variables, two were statistically significant differences: 6 – meter shot successfully – ŠUT6MUS (p= 0,01) and 9 – meter shot failed – ŠUT9MNE (p= 0,00). Winning teams are characterized by efficient attack that adequately addresses situations from 6 meter line, which space is for line player, and from 9 meters, which space is for back players. Selection of shots from 9 meters is reflected in successful and unsuccessful shot toward goal. Losing teams have significantly higher number of unsuccessful shoots from 9 meters than winning teams. Winning teams have better selection of shots, have better and organized attack than defeated teams. Handball game requires an engagement from year to year and it is necessary to pursue this kind of research in future.

Svrha ovog istraživanja je utvrditi povezanost pokazatelja situacijske uspješnosti izvedbe pet faza odbojkaške igre s rezultatom u setovima odigranim prema službenim i prema eksperimentalnim odbojkaškim pravilima te utvrditi razlike u navedenoj povezanosti nakon promjene pravila. Uzorak entiteta za istraživanje predstavlja 80 setova od kojih je 40 odigrano prema službenim pravilima 2011. i 2012. godine, a 40 prema eksperimentalnim pravilima 2013. godine u Europskoj ligi za muškarce. Sa svake utakmice slučajnim odabirom analiziran je po jedan set. Skup varijabli je sastavljen od šest varijabli. Pet varijabli su koeficijenti uspješnosti pet faza odbojkaške igre, servisa, prijema servisa, smeča, bloka i obrane polja. Koeficijenti uspješnosti procijenjeni su na Likertovoj skali od 1 do 4 gdje 1 predstavlja minimalnu, a 4 maksimalnu vrijednost. Šesta varijabla je rezultat u setu. Rezultat u setu je definiran kao relativna bodovna razlika, odnosno bodovna razlika je podijeljena sa ukupnim brojem bodova u setu. Prema deskriptivnim pokazateljima (službena pravila) smeč je faza odbojkaške igre koja ima najveći koeficijent uspješnosti te iznosi 3,04. Iza njega slijedi prijem servisa sa gotovo podjednakim vrijednostima (2,98), zatim blok (2,29) pa servis (2,14), dok je najniži koeficijent uspješnosti zabilježen u obrani polja i iznosi 1,95. Svih pet faza odbojkaške igre kod setova odigranih prema eksperimentalnim pravilima ima gotovo podjednake koeficijene uspješnosti kao i kod službenih pravila. Od najvećeg prema najmanjem iznose: smeč (3,07), prijem servisa (2,98), blok (2,32), servis (2,14) i obrana polja (1,97). Sa strukturalnog aspekta, prema eksperimentalnim pravilima bilo je ukupno 14,6 do 18,9 % manje izvedenih tehničkih elemenata. To je u skladu sa prosječnih 16,7 % manje nadigravanja u jednome setu. Regresijskom analizom je utvrđeno da i prema službenim (R = 0,89; R2 = 80 %) i prema eksperimentalnim pravilima (R = 0,85; R2 = 73 %) postoji visoka i gotovo podjednaka povezanost faza odbojkaške igre s rezultatom u setu. Prema službenim pravilima smeč objašnjava najviše varijance rezultata u setu kao kriterija (32,6 %), slijedi mu servis (17,0 %) pa obrana polja (12,8 %) i prijem servisa (11,8 %) te na kraju blok sa svega 5,4 %. Razlike u povezanosti pokazatelja situacijske uspješnosti faza odbojkaške igre s rezultatom između dvaju pravila nisu utvrđene. Povezanost interakcija pravila i koeficijenata uspješnosti bloka te obrane polja s rezultatom se zbog veličine razlika u povezanosti s rezultatom između dvaju pravila pokazala statistički značajnim, no navedene interakcije nisu statistički značajno povećale udio objašnjene varijance rezultata te time slijedi da razlike u pravilima niti nisu statistički značajne. Povezanost koeficijenta uspješnosti bloka s rezultatom se povećala, a obrane polja smanjila. Udio zajedničke varijance bloka i rezultata se povećao sa 5,4 % na 17,2 %, a obrane polja smanjio sa 12,8 % na 4,6 %. U setovima odigranim prema eksperimentalnim pravilima dodatno se smanjila povezanost s rezultatom onih faza odbojkaške igre kojima se ne mogu osvojiti bodovi te isto tako ravnomjernije rasporedila važnost između onih kojima se može, smanjivši važnost smeča, a povećavši važnost prvenstveno bloka, ali i servisa. Upravo je promjena taktike ekipa uslijed pritiska postizanja veće bodovne razlike u ranijim fazama seta mogla uzrokovati ovakvu pojavnost. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between situational efficiency parameters of five phases of the volleyball game and a set score in the sets played by the official volleyball rules and the sets played by the experimental volleyball rules and also to determine the differences in the aforementioned relationship after changing the rules. The sample of entities is represented by 80 volleyball sets, 40 of which played according to the official rules in years 2011 and 2012 and 40 played according to the experimental rules in year 2013 in the European League for Men. A set was randomly selected from a match. The sample of variables is composed of six variables, five of which are: situational efficiency coefficient of volleyball game phases, serve, reception, spike, block and dig. The situational efficiency coefficient was estimated on the Likert scale from 1 to 4, 1 representing minimal and 4 representing maximal value. The sixth variable is a set score. The set score is defined as a relative score difference, the total score difference is divided by a total number of points in a set. According to descriptive parameters (official rules) a spike is a skill with the highest efficiency coefficient and it amounts to 3,04. Reception is second in a role with almost equal value (2,98), following block (2,29), then serve (2,14). A dig is the skill with the lowest efficiency coefficient and it amounts to 1.95. All five game phases according to the experimental rules has almost equal efficiency coefficient as the ones according to the official rules. Aligned from the highest to the lowest value, coefficients amount to: spike (3,07), reception (2,98), block (2,32), serve (2,14) and dig (1,97). Structurally, according to the experimental rules there were 14,6 to 18,9 % less skills performed. That is according to the average 16,7 % less rallies in one set. Regression analysis determined a high and almost equal relationship between five phases of the volleyball game with the set score within the official rules (R = 0.89; R2 = 80 %) and the experimental rules (R = 0.86, R2 = 74 %). According to the official rules, spike explains the highest part of variance of the set score as the criteria (32.6 %), followed by service (17.0 %), dig (12.8 %), reception (11.8 %) and finally block with only 5,4 %. Differences in the relationship between the efficiency of the five game phases with the set score between the two rules were not determined. The relationship between the interactions of the rules and the situational efficiency of the block and the dig was statistically significant. The reason to that is the size of the differences in the realationship with the score between the two rules. But the aforementioned interactions did not statistically significant increase the part of common variance of the set score so therefore the differences between the rules are not statistically significant. Within the experimental rules, the relationship between the score and the situational efficiency of the block has increased and the one with the dig has reduced. The part of common variance between the block and the set score increased from 5,4 % to 17,2 % and the dig reduced from 12,8 % to 4,6 %. The emphasis on phases that do not win the points is additionally reduced in matches played according to the experimental rules and the importance of those that do is more evenly distributed, slightly reducing the importance of spike, and increasing the importance of primarily block and then serve. The change of team’s tactics due to the pressure of achieving a higher score difference in earlier stages of set could have caused such an occurrence.

Cilj ovog rada jest utvrđivanje razlika među pokazateljima situacijske uspješnosti ženskih pobjedničkih i poraženih ekipa u odnosu na konačni ishod utakmice, odnosno pobjedu ili poraz na Olimpijskom turniru u Riju 2016. godine u preliminarnom dijelu natjecanja. Promatrano je 12 reprezentacija koje su igrale u dvije skupine, 6 ekipa u skupini A i 6 u skupini B. Uzorak je činilo 28 odigranih utakmica s isto toliko pobjednika odnosno poraženih ekipa. Za potrebe istraživanja koristilo se 17 varijabli, od čega 14 za fazu napada i 3 za fazu obrane. Bilježena je učestalost neuspješno i uspješno izvedenih tehničko – taktičkih elemenata, koje su ujedno bile i promatrane varijable, pomoću notacijske analize svake odigrane utakmice. Za utvrđivanje razlika između pobjedničkih i poraženih ekipa koristio se Mann – Whitney test. Utvrđeno je kako su značajne statističke razlike u 4 promatrane varijable i to jedna koja se odnosi na fazu obrane i tri koje se odnose na fazu napada : šut s 9 metara neuspješno – ŠUT9MNE (p= 0,00); šut iz kontre uspješno – ŠUTKOUS (p= 0,01); blokirani udarci – BLOKŠUT (p= 0,01); asistencije – ASISTEN (0,02). Pobjedničke ekipe vrlo pokretljivom i organiziranom obranom ostvaruju veći broj oduzetih lopti u vidu blokiranja šuteva te na taj način otvaraju priliku za postizanje lakih pogodaka iz protunapada. Također, na postavljenu obranu pobjedničke ekipe puno kvalitetnije organiziraju grupnu i individualnu taktiku gdje se stvara prostor za asistiranje odnosno posljednje dodavanje prije šuta. Također šutevi s vanjskih pozicija pobjedničkih ekipa su puno kvalitetniji što govori o pripremi napada, ali i visokoj razini selekcije šutiranja. Potrebno je u znatno većoj mjeri vršiti analize ovog tipa u ženskom rukometu jer zahtjevi rukometne igre iz dana u dan rastu. The goal of this master thesis was to determine the differences in the situational efficiency of winning and defeated teams in relation to the final outcome of the match, i.e. victory or defeat of women's handball teams at the Olympic Tournament in Rio 2011. in the preliminary part of the competition. There were 12 teams played in two groups, 6 teams in group A and 6 in group B. The sample consisted of 28 matches played with the same number of winners or defeated teams. For the purposes of research, 17 variables were used, of which 14 for the attack phase and 3 for the defense phase. The frequency of successful and unsuccessfully executed technical - tactical elements, which were also observed variables, was recorded through the notational analysis of each played match. To determine the difference between winning and defeated teams, the Mann - Whitney test was used. It was established that there are significant statistical differences in the 4 observed variables, three related to the attack phase and one that refers to the defense phase: 9-meter shot failed - ŠUT9MNE (p = 0.00); Shot from the counterattack successfully - ŠUTKOUS (p = 0.01); blocked shot - BLOKŠUT (p = 0.01); assists – ASISTEN (0.02). Winning teams with a very mobile and organized defense have a greater number of seized balls in the form of blocking the shot and opening up a chance to achieve easy goals from the counterattack. Winning team organize a group and individual tactic much better, where is the space created for assist or last pass before the shot. Also, the shot from the outside positions of the winning teams are much better which suppose better preparation of the attack but also the high level selection of shot on goal. It is needed to do much more of this kind of analysis in a women's handball because the demands of handball games growing up from day to day.

U suvremenom sportu sve je više prepoznata uloga sportske psihologije kao važnog faktora uspješne pripreme sportaša. U skladu s time ističe se važnost istraživanja utjecaja različitih psiholoških varijabli na uspješnost u sportu. U provedenom istraživanju cilj je bio ispitati povezanost perfekcionizma, prednatjecateljske anksioznosti, motivacije, ciljnih orijentacija i percipirane legitimnosti nesportskog ponašanja te situacijske efikasnosti košarkaša, sudionika hrvatske a-1 lige. Kao mjerni instrumenti korišteni su upitnik samoregulacije (SRQ-E) (Ryan i Connell, 1989, prema Silva, 2010), upitnik ciljnih orijentacija (TEOSQ) (Duda i Nicholls, 1992, prema Moran, 2004), upitnik percepcije legitimnosti nesportskog ponašanja (Greblo, Gruić, Ohnjec, Segedi i Pedišić, 2009), multidimenzionalni upitnik sportske izvrsnosti (Sindik, Schuster, Botica i Fikuš, 2015) te upitnik multidimenzionalnog perfekcionizma u sportskim situacijama (Dunn, Causgrove i Syrotnik, 2002, prema Sindik, 2009). Istraživanje je provedeno na 150 igrača. Utvrđeno je da unutarnji igrači imaju veću situacijsku efikasnost od vanjskih. Nadalje, igrači s manjom minutažom percipiraju veći pritisak roditelja i trenera te su više zabrinuti zbog pogrešaka od igrača s većom minutažom. Također, igrači koji uz domaću ligu igraju i regionalnu imaju veći stupanj introjecirane regulacije i ukupan indeks kontrolirane regulacije te pokazuju veću ego orijentaciju i postižu veće rezultate na subskali osobnih standarda (perfekcionizam). Dobivene su i značajne korelacije između dimenzija perfekcionizma, motivacije, prednatjecateljske anksioznosti i percipirane legitimnosti nesportskog ponašanja. Također se pokazalo da su zabrinutost zbog pogrešaka te kontrolirana regulacija dobri prediktori kognitivne anksioznosti, te da je zabrinutost zbog pogrešaka jedini prediktor somatske anksioznosti. Orijentacija na zadatak bila je značajan prediktor percepcije legitimnosti lakših prekršaja. In contemporary sport, the role of sport psychology has been increasingly recognized as an important factor for optimal preparation of athletes. Accordingly, the importance of investigating the effect of various psychological factors on performance in sport has also been widely addressed. In the conducted research, the aim was to examine the relationship of perfectionism, pre-competitive anxiety, motivation, goal orientations, perceived legitimacy of unsportsmanlike behavior and situational efficiency of basketball players, the participants of the Croatian a-1 league. The research was conducted through the following questionnaires: Exercise self-regulation questionnaire (SRQ-E)(Ryan and Connell, 1989; Silva, 2010), Task and ego orientation questionnaire (TEOSQ) (Duda and Nicholls, 1992; Moran, 2004), Questionnaire for the assessment of perceived legitimacy of unsportsmanlike behavior (Greblo, Gruić, Ohnjec, Segedi and Pedišić, 2009), Multidimensional inventory of sport excellence (Sindik, Schuster, Botica and Fikuš, 2015) and Sport multidimensional perfectionism scale (Dunn, Causgrove and Syrotnik, 2002; Sindik, 2009). The research was conducted on a sample of 150 players. It was found that the inside players have higher situational efficiency than outside players. Moreover, the players with less playing time perceived a greater pressure from their parents and the coach and are generally more concerned about the errors than their teammates with more playing time. Furthermore, the players who, besides in the home league, play in the regional one, have a greater degree of controlled regulation and higher total index of external regulation. What is more, they show greater ego orientation and achieve higher scores on the personal standards subscale (perfectionism). Moreover, significant correlations between dimensions of perfectionism, motivation, pre-competitive anxiety and perceived legitimacy of unsportsmanlike behaviour were found. It was also shown that the concern about the errors, as well as the controlled regulation, are good predictors of the cognitive anxiety. Also, concern about the errors is predictor of the somatic anxiety. Moreover, it was also found that task orientation is predictor of perceived legitimacy of unsportsmanlike behavior.

The aim of this research is to determine the differences in parameters of situational efficiency in the middle and the final part of a tennis point between players who won matches at the 2015 Australian Open and Roland Garros. The study includes analysis of statistics for players who won in 103 tennis matches played in the main part of the Australian Open tournament and 126 tennis matches played at Roland Garros, for which offi cial statistical data was available. For the purpose of this research, analysis was conducted by using the available statistical indicators for played ATP matches of tennis players in the main part of the 2015 Australian Open and Roland Garros tournaments. The data was downloaded from the official tournament websites and it exclusively refers to the game during the middle and the final part of a tennis point. The following parameters of descriptive statistics were calculated for each variable: arithmetic mean (AM), minimum value (Min), maximum value (Max) and standard deviation (SD). The above mentioned parameters were calculated for the winners of tennis matches played at the 2015 Australian Open and Roland Garros. The differences in parameters of situational efficiency for the middle and final part of a tennis point between the players who won matches at the mentioned tournaments were determined by using the independent samples t-test. The results of this research indicated statistical differences for ground stroke shots in the following variables: forehand winners (p

Glavni je cilj istraživanja utvrditi kvantitativne doprinose situacijske aktivnosti igrača, igračkih pozicija i faza igre rezultatskom uspjehu te na osnovi utvrđenih doprinosa konstruirati 2 zasebna modela vrednovanja situacijske učinkovitosti; temeljem zabilježenih parametara i temeljem subjektivne procjene eksperata. U tu je svrhu analizirana 101 utakmica odigrana na Svjetskom prvenstvu za rukometaše održanom u Hrvatskoj 2009. godine i anketirano 19 rukometnih eksperata iz 12 europskih zemalja. Bilježenje događaja izvršeno je pomoću softverskog paketa Match Analysis System. Učinkovitost igrača analizirana je u odnosu na sljedeće kriterijske parametre: faze igre, igračke pozicije i rezultatsku uspješnost. Set predikcijskih varijabli predstavlja ukupno 48 varijabli od koji se 9 odnosi na pozicijsku obranu, 11 na vratara, 16 na pozicijski napad, 5 na tranzicijsku obranu te 7 na tranzicijski napad. Obzirom na nepravilnu distribuciju rezultata kod većine varijabli za utvrđivanje razlika između faza igre, igračkih pozicija te za utvrđivanje kriterija važnosti koristila se neparametrijska ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis test). Rezultati su pokazali statistički značajne razlike između pozicijskog i tranzicijskog napada te između pozicijske i tranzicijske obrane. Razlike su utvrđene između svih igračkih pozicija u napadu i u obrani zasebno. Dobiveni koeficijenti važnosti za pojedine igračke pozicije bili su osnova za postavljanje modela vrednovanja situacijske učinkovitosti utemeljene na procjeni eksperata i na zabilježenim parametrima. Modeli su pokazali značajnu povezanost koja je bila jače izražena pri usporedbi igračkih pozicija obrane. Prema postavljenim modelima ukupna učinkovitost igrača izražava se kao relativna vrijednost zbroja ocjene učinka igrača u napadu i obrani, ponderiranih koeficijentom važnosti pojedine faze igre. Aplikativnost istraživanja potvrđena je evaluacijom postavljenih modela koji su pokazali visoku korelaciju sa ocjenama nezavisnog rukometnog eksperta. Rezultati istraživanja mogu koristiti ekspertnim trenerima u selekciji igrača, evaluaciji učinka igrača na utakmici, planiranju i programiranju trenažnog procesa i TE-TA pripremi ekipe za natjecanje. Ključne riječi, The main research goal of the study was to determine the quantitative contribution of situational activities of players, playing positions and game phases depending on the match result. Also, on those bases, to define two separate models for evaluating situational efficiency; based on the notational parameters and based on subjective assessments of experts. For this purpose, 101 matches, played at the World Championships held in the Croatia 2009th, were analyzed and 19 experts from 12 European countries were interviewed. Events notation was performed using Match Analysis System software. Efficiency of players was analyzed in relation to the following criterion parameters: phase of the game, playing positions and result successfulness. Set of predictive variables represents 48 variables of which 9 related to position defense, 11 on the goalkeeper position, 16 on position offence, 5 on transition defense and 7 on transition offence. Due to uneven distribution of results for most variables, for determining difference between the game phases, playing positions and for the importance criteria, nonparametric ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis test) was used. The results showed statistically significant differences between the position and the transition offence and position and transition defense. Differences were found between all playing positions in attack and defense separately. Calculated coefficients of the importance for individual playing positions were the basis for setting the evaluation model of situational efficiency based on an assessment of the experts and on the notational parameters. The models showed a significant correlation that was more pronounced when comparing the defense playing positions. According to this model the overall efficiency of players is expressed as the relative value of the sum of defense and offense scores of players weighted with coefficient of importance of each phase of the game. Applicability of the study was confirmed by evaluating the models that have shown a high correlation with ratings of the independent handball expert. Research results can be used by expert coaches in player selection, evaluation of the player’s efficiency in the game, planning and programming training process, and during the team’s technical and tactical preparation for competition.

Osnovni cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj biološke i kronološke dobi na uspješnost nogometaša i dimenzije antropološkog statusa te analizirati razlike između mladih nogometaša različitih igračkih linija i situacijske uspješnosti u antropometrijskim karakteristikama, motoričko – funkcionalnim sposobnostima, specifičnim nogometnim sposbostima te nogometnoj vještini. Uzorak ispitanika bilo je 177 mladih nogometaša prosječne dobi 14.09±0.87 godina. Prosječna biološka dob ispitanika bila je 14.09±1.11 godina te se bave nogometom 6.61±1.86 godina. Radi obrade i interpretacije podataka cjelokupan uzorak je podijeljen u tri sub-uzorka prema igračkoj liniji (obrana N=70, vezni N=66, napad N=41) te dva sub-uzorka prema uspješnosti (uspješniji N=84, manje uspješni N=93). Uzorak varijabli sačinjavalo je 26 testova koji su bili podijeljeni u 5 skupina: antropometrijske karakteristike, motoričko-funkcionalne sposobnosti, specifične motoričke sposobnosti s loptom, indeks nogometne vještine. Za utvrđivanje postavljenih ciljeva i ispitivanje hipoteza ovog rada korištene su sljedeće metode obrade podataka: utvrdili su se deskriptivni i distribucijski statistički parametri za sve varijable, metrijske karakteristike testova (Cronbach alfa - CA, Inter - item interkorelacija - IIC, Test - retest, Koeficijent varijabilnosti između čestica - CV). Temeljem utvrđivanja dobi maksimalno ubrzanog rasta u visinu (APHV) izračunata je varijabla prosječna vrijednost APHV svih ispitanika. Dobivanjem varijable individualno odstupanje od prosječne vrijednosti APHV-a, ista je zbrojena ili oduzeta od varijable kronološke dobi te je definirana varijabla indikator biološke dobi. U svrhu utvrđivanja utjecaja biološke i kronološke dobi na uspješnost te ostale varijable antropološkog statusa primijenjena je serija multiplih regresijskih analiza. Multivarijatnim testom utvrđivane su razlike između igračkih linija i igrača različite uspješnosti prema biološkoj i kronološkoj dobi. Upotrebom ANCOVA-e s kontroliranjem utjecaja kovarijata (biološke dobi) utvrđene su razlike u antropološkom statusu između igrača različitih igračkih linija te između igrača različite uspješnosti unutar pojedinih igračkih linija. Uspješniji nogometaši u odnosu na manje uspješne postigli su bolje rezultate u svih 11 varijabli za procjenu motoričko – funkcionalnog statusa pri čemu su razlike statistički značajne u 9 varijabli. U varijablama za procjenu eksplozivne snage tipa horizontalne i vertikalne skočnosti (MSV, MSD, MBM) bolje rezultate su imali uspješniji nogometaši. Uspješniji nogometaši bilježe i značajno bolje rezultate u testovima za procjenu brzine (T20m, T30m) te agilnosti (Slalom, Zig-Zag, 93639), također, u varijabli YoYo (promjenjivi test s odmorima nivo 1) dobivene su statistički značajne razlike između igrača različite uspješnosti. Potvrđen je značajan utjecaj biološke i kronološke dobi na promatrane dimenzije antropološkog statusa mladih nogometaša. Također, u ovom istraživanju uspješniji nogometaši bili su statistički značajno biološki i kronološki zreliji od manje uspješnih nogometaša. Prema frekvencijama rođenih igrača po pojedinim mjesecima, kvartalima i polugodini utvrđen je efekt relativne dobi (ERD) odnosno asimetrija u raspodjeli rezultata koji su više grupirani prema početku kalendarske godine. Prethodno navedeno potkrepljuje osjetljivost odabira igrača i selekcije koja uvelike ovisi o trenutnom stupnju psihičkog i fizičkog razvoja mladih nogometaša. Utvrđeno je kod kojih testova se razlikuju uspješniji od manje uspješnih igrača unutar linija nakon eliminiranja utjecaja biološke dobi: Unutar obrambene igračke linije uspješniji igrači su se statistički značajno razlikovali od manje uspješnih u: antropometrijskim karakteristikama (ASV) te motoričko – funkcionalnim sposobnostima (MBM, T5m, T10m). Kod obrambenih igrača različite uspješnosti nisu pronađene značajne razlike specifičnim motoričkim sposobnostima s loptom, indeksu nogometne vještine kao ni u brzini udarca dominantnom i nedominantnom nogom. Uspješniji vezni igrači postigli su značajno bolje rezultate u odnosu na manje uspješne vezne igrače u: motoričko – funkcionalnim sposobnostima (MSD, MBM, T20m, Slalom, 93639, YoYo), specifičnim motoričkim sposobnostima s loptom (T20m L, Slalom L, 93639 L), indeksu nogometne vještine (T20m INV) te brzini udarca (MBUD, MBUN). Za ovaj uzorak ispitanika upotrebom ANCOVE vezni igrači različite uspješnosti nisu se statistički razlikovali u antropometrijskim karakteristikama. Kod napadača uspješniji igrači bili su statistički značajno bolji od manje uspješnih u: motoričko – funkcionalnim sposobnostima (MSV, MBM, YoYo), specifičnim motoričkim sposobnostima s loptom (T20m L, Slalom L, Zig-Zag L), indeksu nogometne vještine (T20m INV) te brzini udarca (MBUN). The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of biological and chronological age on success of players and dimensions of anthropological status. Also, one of the goals was to analyse differences between young players of different playing lines and situational success in anthropometric characteristics, motor - functional capabilities, soccer specific field tests and soccer skill index. The pattern of respondents included 177 young players aged 14.09 ± 0.87 years. The average biological age was 14.9 ± 11.1 years and the soccer experience was 6.61 ± 1.86 years. For the processing and interpretation of the results, the entire sample was divided in three sub-samples according to playing line (N = 70 defenders, midfielders N = 66, N = 41 attackers) and in two sub-samples according to situation efficiency (84 more successful, 93 less successful). The sample of variables consisted of 26 tests, divided in 5 groups: anthropometric characteristics, motor-functional abilities, specific motor abilities with the ball, soccer skill index. In order to determine the objectives and testing hypotheses of this study, the following methods were used for data processing: descriptive and statistical distribution parameters for all variables, metric characteristics of tests (Cronbach alpha - CA, Inter - item intercorrelation – IIC, test – retest method (r), coefficient of variation CV). According to method of Mirwald et al. (2002), APHV (age at peak height velocity) was calculated for every respondent. Mean APHV was calculated for the whole group and deviation for the every respondent. By adding previously mentioned deviation to chronological age of every respondent the number that is obtained is called indicator of the biological age according to method of Milic 2014. Multiple regression analysis was used in order to determine the influence of biological and chronological age on the efficiency and other variables of the anthropological status. With multivariate test, differences between different playing lines and different situational efficiency according to biological and chronological age, were calculated. Using ANCOVA (with covariate – indicator of the biological age) the differences in the anthropological status between players of different playing lines and differences between players who play in the same line but with different level of efficiency were analysed. Successful soccer players compared to the less successful ones achieved better results in all 11 variables for estimation of motor - functional status in which the differences are statistically significant for nine variables. More successful soccer players achieved better results in variables assessing explosive strength of horizontal and vertical jumping ability (MSV, MSD, MBM). More successful soccer players achieved better records and performance in tests assessing speed (T20m, T30m), agility (Slalom, Zig-Zag, 93639) and in variable YOYO (intermittent recovery test level 1) than less successful players. Main findings of this research include: *Significant influence of biological and chronological age on the observed dimensions of anthropological status of young players. *More successful soccer players were statistically and significantly more mature biologically and chronologically than those less successful ones *Effect of relative age (ERD) has been determined according to frequencies of born players per months, quarters and half-year. *It has been established in which tests there are significant differences between more successful and less successful players within playing line after eliminating the influence of biological age: More successful defenders were significantly different then less successful defenders in athropometric characteristics (ASV), motor - functional abilities (MBM, T5M, T10M). No significant differences were found in specific skills with the ball, soccer skill index as well in the ball kicking variables (MBUD, MBUN). More successful midfielders achived better results in motor - functional abilities (MSD, MBM, T20m, Slalom, 93639, YoYo), specific motor skills with the ball (T20m L, Slalom L, 93639 L), soccer skill index, (T20m INV), ball kicking speed (MBUD, MBUN). There were no significant differences in athropometric characteristics between more and less efficient midfielders. Successful attackers were better in motor - functional abilities (MSV, MBM, YoYo), specific motor skills with the ball (T20m L, L Slalom, Zig-Zag L), soccer skill index (T20m INV) and ball kicking speed (MBUN) then less successful attackers.

The main research goal of the study was to determine the quantitative contribution of situational activities of playing positions and game phases depending on the match result in top level handball. The model for evaluating situational efficiency is defined and software application is constructed based on the notational parameters and subjective assessments of experts. For this purpose, 101 matches, played at the World Championships held in Croatia in 2009, were analyzed and 19 experts were interviewed. Events notation was done by using Match Analysis System software. Set of prediction variables represents 48 variables, 9 out of which are in relation to position defence, 11 to the goalkeeper position, 16 to the position offence, 5 to the transition defence and 7 to the transition offence. Calculated coefficients for individual playing positions were the basis for setting the evaluation model of situational efficiency. According to this model, the overall efficiency of players is expressed as the relative value of the sum of defence and offence scores of players weighed with the coefficient of importance of each phase of the game. Applicability of the study was confirmed by evaluating the models that have shown a high correlation with ratings of an independent handball expert (r=0, 79).

Na turniru Australian Open se igra na tvrdoj, brzoj podlozi (Plexicushion Prestige), te tijekom svakog pojedinog teniskog susreta postoji veliki broj faktora koji utječu na konačan rezultat. Stoga se ovim istraživanjem nastoje utvrditi razlike u parametrima situacijske uspješnosti središnjega i završnoga dijela poena između tenisačica pobjednica i poraženih na Australian Openu 2016.godine. Istraživanjem su analizirane statistike pobjednica i poraženih na 127 odigrana susreta na Australian Openu 2016. godine i dobivena je statistika 42 varijable koje utječu na uspješnost u tenisu na temelju obrade podataka iz prva dva seta, tijekom prvog, drugog, trećeg i četvrtog kola te četvrtfinala,polufinala i finala. Mjerenjem su dobiveni rezultati koji su zabilježeni kroz šest varijabli na temelju sedam teniskih udaraca, a to su: skraćeni udarci, udarci s osnovne linije, pasing udarci, prilazni udarci, lob udarci, smeš udarci i volej udarci. U dobivenim rezultatima istraživanja pojavljuje se sedam varijabli koje statistički značajno razlikuju pobjednice od poraženih. Pobjednice ostvaruju više izravnih poena u igri s osnovne linije u odnosu na poražene, te ostvaruju manje prisiljenih i neprisiljenih pogrešaka. Također, pobjednice više koriste pasing udarce i na taj način postižu više poena. The tournament Australian Open is played on hard, fast surface (Plexicushion Prestige), and during each tennis match there are a number of factors that influence the final result. Therefor, this study attemps to analyze the differences in the parameters od situational efficiency in rally statistics between winners and defeated women players on Australian Open 2016. The research analyzed statistics of winner and defeated players at 127 played match on Australian Open 2016. and we got statistics of 42 variables that influence tennis efficiency based on the processed of data from the first two sets, the first, second, third and fourth round and quarterr-finals, semi-finals and finals. Findings were collected through measuring six variables of seven tennis shots: drops shots, ground shot, passing shots, approach shots, lobs, smashes and volleys. In the research results, appears seven variables that differ significantly winners from losers. Winners earn more direct points in the game from the baseline in relation to the defeated, and generate less forced and unforced errors. Also, the winners more use pasing shots and thus achieve more points.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze differences in the parameters of situational efficiency of two clubs that were by results most successful in the Croatian basketball league at the end of the season 2012/2013. The hypothesis of this research is to identify variables that discriminate winning matches from the defeated ones. Methods: The sample consisted of 8 matches between basketball clubs „Zadar“ and Cibona“ played in the regional ABA league, the Krešimir Ćosić cup, Croatian championship and playoff. Used variables are 13 standard indicators of situational efficiency in basketball. Parameters of descriptive statistics were calculated for an overall sample, and also for groups of winner teams and hence the defeated teams. By using T- test for independent samples, for each of the 13 parameters of situational efficiency, the existence of significant differences between winning and defeated teams has been examined. Results: Results indicate that variables Points made, Offensive rebounds, Three point shots total, Free throws total and Fouls made statistically significant differ winning teams from defeated ones (p

A set of 18 test for assessing anthropometric characteristics and 12 tests for assessing motor abilities was used on a sample of 183 young female volleyball players (average age of 13.11 +/- 1.07 years). The main goal of this research was to determine the latent structure of biomotor status, as well as relations of that status to situational efficiency in female volleyball players. Situational efficiency of young volleyball players was assessed on a five-point Likert scale, in relation to each individual player's contribution to the performance of her team, and with regard to the result of that team achieved in the competition. By factor analysis, 3 anthropometric ("endo-mesomorphy", "longitudinal dimensionality of the skeleton" and "transverse dimensionality of the skeleton") and 4 motor factors ("explosive power of legs and agility", "precision", "explosive power of arms and flexibility" and "balance") were obtained. Significant impact of morphological-motor factors on situational efficiency of young female volleyball players was obtained by regression analysis. Set of predictor variables accounts for 40% of the total variance of the system. On a univariate level, all extracted factors, except precision and balance, had a significant impact on situational efficiency. Factors named "longitudinal dimensionality of the skeleton" and "explosive power of legs and agility" had the greatest partial contribution in explaining the criteria. Obtained results confirmed previous findings about the importance of individual dimensions of biomotor status for efficiency in volleyball.

The aim of the research has been to establish the differences between the results performed in particular time segments of a handball match (10 minute quarters) by comparing the winning and the losing teams at the 2012 National Championship for young female handball players (under 16). Situational parameters, defined as a partial result increase in particular periods of matches, and the result differences, recorded at the end of each quarter, have been included in the analysis, all being gathered at the final games of the Croatian Championship for young female handball players (under 16) in the 2011/2012 season. Analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney U-test have been applied to determine the differences, and the results of both showed that the winning and the losing team differ in all four observed segments of the handball match, in respect to the partial result increase, as well as regarding the result differences at the end of each quarter.

Glavni je cilj istraživanja utvrditi kvantitativne doprinose situacijske aktivnosti igrača, igračkih pozicija i faza igre rezultatskom uspjehu te na osnovi utvrđenih doprinosa konstruirati 2 zasebna modela vrednovanja situacijske učinkovitosti; temeljem zabilježenih parametara i temeljem subjektivne procjene eksperata. U tu je svrhu analizirana 101 utakmica odigrana na Svjetskom prvenstvu za rukometaše održanom u Hrvatskoj 2009. godine i anketirano 19 rukometnih eksperata iz 12 europskih zemalja. Bilježenje događaja izvršeno je pomoću softverskog paketa Match Analysis System. Učinkovitost igrača analizirana je u odnosu na sljedeće kriterijske parametre: faze igre, igračke pozicije i rezultatsku uspješnost. Set predikcijskih varijabli predstavlja ukupno 48 varijabli od koji se 9 odnosi na pozicijsku obranu, 11 na vratara, 16 na pozicijski napad, 5 na tranzicijsku obranu te 7 na tranzicijski napad. Obzirom na nepravilnu distribuciju rezultata kod većine varijabli za utvrđivanje razlika između faza igre, igračkih pozicija te za utvrđivanje kriterija važnosti koristila se neparametrijska ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis test). Rezultati su pokazali statistički značajne razlike između pozicijskog i tranzicijskog napada te između pozicijske i tranzicijske obrane. Razlike su utvrđene između svih igračkih pozicija u napadu i u obrani zasebno. Dobiveni koeficijenti važnosti za pojedine igračke pozicije bili su osnova za postavljanje modela vrednovanja situacijske učinkovitosti utemeljene na procjeni eksperata i na zabilježenim parametrima. Modeli su pokazali značajnu povezanost koja je bila jače izražena pri usporedbi igračkih pozicija obrane. Prema postavljenim modelima ukupna učinkovitost igrača izražava se kao relativna vrijednost zbroja ocjene učinka igrača u napadu i obrani, ponderiranih koeficijentom važnosti pojedine faze igre. Aplikativnost istraživanja potvrđena je evaluacijom postavljenih modela koji su pokazali visoku korelaciju sa ocjenama nezavisnog rukometnog eksperta. Rezultati istraživanja mogu koristiti ekspertnim trenerima u selekciji igrača, evaluaciji učinka igrača na utakmici, planiranju i programiranju trenažnog procesa i TE-TA pripremi ekipe za natjecanje. Ključne riječi: The main research goal of the study was to determine the quantitative contribution of situational activities of players, playing positions and game phases depending on the match result. Also, on those bases, to define two separate models for evaluating situational efficiency; based on the notational parameters and based on subjective assessments of experts. For this purpose, 101 matches, played at the World Championships held in the Croatia 2009th, were analyzed and 19 experts from 12 European countries were interviewed. Events notation was performed using Match Analysis System software. Efficiency of players was analyzed in relation to the following criterion parameters: phase of the game, playing positions and result successfulness. Set of predictive variables represents 48 variables of which 9 related to position defense, 11 on the goalkeeper position, 16 on position offence, 5 on transition defense and 7 on transition offence. Due to uneven distribution of results for most variables, for determining difference between the game phases, playing positions and for the importance criteria, nonparametric ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis test) was used. The results showed statistically significant differences between the position and the transition offence and position and transition defense. Differences were found between all playing positions in attack and defense separately. Calculated coefficients of the importance for individual playing positions were the basis for setting the evaluation model of situational efficiency based on an assessment of the experts and on the notational parameters. The models showed a significant correlation that was more pronounced when comparing the defense playing positions. According to this model the overall efficiency of players is expressed as the relative value of the sum of defense and offense scores of players weighted with coefficient of importance of each phase of the game. Applicability of the study was confirmed by evaluating the models that have shown a high correlation with ratings of the independent handball expert. Research results can be used by expert coaches in player selection, evaluation of the player’s efficiency in the game, planning and programming training process, and during the team’s technical and tactical preparation for competition.

The primary goal of every analysis of sport activity is detailed assessment of importance of all characteristics, abilities and motor knowledge which are important for success in one sport. This type of analyses must be a help to the coaches and competitors in perfection and optimization of a training process and match/bout efficiency. A technical and tactical analysis is one of the basic analyses in sport science and it’s complexity depends of a type of sport activity. Although some coaches put your faith in their own sport experience during the assessment of sport activity probability of a mistake in that case can be very big. Empirically proved assessment is the key step in determination of technical and tactical structure of each sport. As the complexity of a sport rises rise the importance of empirically proved assessment. Judo, as the polystructural acyclic sport, belongs to a group of sports of big technical and tactical complexity. Judo consists of an eight groups of techniques [1,2] in which are over two hundred independent technical elements. This paper analyses the group of the most important technical elements in judo bout – group of throws [3,4]. The aim of this paper is to do assessment of the importance of techniques of throws in men junior and senior age categories. The obtained data could be used for the definition of a technical and tactical preparation of male judokas.

The purpose of this study was to determine differences between the parameters of situational efficiency in selected games according to the level of competition in the Croatian handball leagues. The sample consisted of 4 handball matches with 8 teams in selected league matches who play 3rd Croatian national handball league north, 2nd Croatian national handball league north, 1stB Croatian national handball league and Premier Croatian national handball league. Analysis of the players was conducted in four matches, and analysed by one game in each level of competition. With t - test for independent samples, there are statistically significant differences in variables blocked balls, dribbling faults and turnovers. Statistically significant differences have been established between Croatian handball leagues in this specific sample.

Situational efficiency and success in karate fight depends precisely on the performance of different motion structures, different ways and different distances. A review of multiple studies indicates that a structural analysis of karate is largely theoretically analyzed and explained. Range of technical and tactical analysis of karate fights, based on the identification and registration of standard and derived parameters of situational efficiency is not well researched. The aim of this work is an empirical evaluation of a method for objective assessment of situational effects of karate athletes, through technical and tactical situational efficiency indicators (statistical record of the fight), with a tendency to create new solutions, that will be more objective and explicit. The data are based on DVD recording and analyzing video camera records of 274 combats performed on 19th World Karate Championship 2008th. Analysis and comparison in variables structure of technical indicators, derived scored and non-scored variables and variables structure of tactical indicators presented in the attack or counterattack on situational performance, provide useful information to the coach about the level and structure of karate athlete resources and also about utilization of this potential and affirmation (manifestation) in fighting and even the possibilities for his development.

The aim of this study was to find out if there were any differences between the home and road basketballteams that played in three different levels of competition, in nineteen standard and derived statisticalindicators of situational efficiency. The home and road teams from NLB-Adriatic league, Euroleague–regularseason and Euroleague-Top 16 were analysed. Three discriminant analyses have been conducted in order totrack down possible differences between the home and road teams in game stats. Obtained results show thedifferences in game related statistics between the home and road teams from NLB and Euroleague (regularseason) competition. Home teams are characterised by higher number of assists, steals, points and pointsscored by the starting five, while the road teams have more turnovers. This points to aggressive defensiveand offensive tactics of the home teams. There were no statistically significant differences between thehome and road teams played in Euroleague-Top 16. As the quality of competition becomes stronger, theadvantage of home court becomes less dominant. In other words, when the quality of teams is pretty equal,home advantage is low and does not have a dominant and crucial role in winning games. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se otkriju potencijalne razlike izmedu domacih i gostujucih košarkaških timova kojisu igrali na tri razlicite razine natjecanja u 19 standardnih i izvedenih statistickih indikatora situacijskeucinkovitosti. Podaci prikazani u istraživanju pokazuju postotak utakmica u kojima su pobijedile domacemomcadi: NLB-Adriatic liga (66, 85%), Euroleague – regularni dio sezone (66, 10%) i Euroliga -Top 16 (58,33%). S ciljem utvrdivanja potencijalnih razlika u standardnim i izvedenim statistickim pokazateljima izmedudomacih i gostujucih momcadi korištene su tri kanonicke diskriminativne analize. Dobiveni rezultati ukazujuna statisticki znacajne razlike u situacijskim pokazateljima izmedu domacih i gostujucih momcadi koje su senatjecale u NLB i Euroligi (regularni dio sezone). Domace momcadi su imale veci broj asistencija, ukradenihlopti i poena koje su postigli 'starteri', dok su gostujuci timovi imali više izgubljenih lopti, što ukazuje naagresivniju obrambenu i napadacku taktiku domacih timova, dok u Euroligi (Top 16), nije bilo statistickiznacajnih razlika izmedu domacih i gistujucih momcadi. Ovo znaci da što je razina natjecanja kvalitetnija, toje prednost domaceg terena manje izražena. Drugim rijecima, kada su košarkaške momcadi prilicnoizjednacene, prednost domaceg terena je mala i ne predstavlja dominantan i krucijalan cimbenik za pobjedu.

The objective of this study was to determine and explain differences in the standard parameters of situational efficiency between top male and female handball teams. It can be concluded that there are significant differences in some of the standard situational efficiency parameters between top male and female handball teams. The differences are primarily related to the frequency and successfulness of indicators and not on their performance efficiency.

The main goal of this research is to establish the latent structure of situational efficiency of elite junior basketball players. For this purpose, an exploratory factor analysis strategy by use of principal components method was implemented in 13 standard situation efficacy indicators on the sample of 108 elite junior basketball players who participated in the 19th Junior European Basketball Championship in Zadar, 2000. The sample of respondents consisted of competitors who averagely played 8 minutes per a game for more than 3 games, and they were chosen from 11 teams that played 46 games in the championship. Two relatively independent latent dimensions have been isolated and named as: situational technical and tactical activity factors of inside and outside players. It has been concluded that neither the standard use of the variable of the situational efficiency, nor the use of the latent dimensions that have been derived from them suffice to fully explain the structure of basketball game.