Search

The new lung allocation policy has led to an increase in distant donors and consequently enhanced logistical burden of procuring organs. Though early single-center studies noted similar outcomes between same-team transplantation (ST, procuring team from transplanting center) and different-team transplantation (DT, procuring team from different center), the efficacy of DT in the contemporary era remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the trend of DT, rate of transplanting both donor lungs, 1-year graft survival, and risk of Grade 3 primary graft dysfunction (PGD) using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipient (SRTR) database from 2006 to 2018. A total of 21619 patients (DT 2085, 9.7%) with 19837 donors were included. Utilization of DT decreased from 15.9% in 2006 to 8.5% in 2018. Proportion of two-lung donors was similar between the groups, and DT had similar 1-year graft survival as ST for both double (DT, HR 1.108, 95% CI 0.894 – 1.374) and single lung transplants (DT, HR 1.094, 95% CI 0.931 – 1.286). Risk of Grade 3 PGD was also similar between ST and DT. Given our results, expanding DT may be a feasible option for improving lung procurement efficiency in the current era, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The United Kingdom has one of the poorest lung cancer survival rates in Europe. In this study, to help design and evaluate a single lung cancer pathway (SCP) for Wales, existing diagnostic pathways and processes have been mapped and then modelled with a discrete event simulation. The validated models have been used to provide key performance indicators and to examine different diagnostic testing strategies. Under the current diagnostic pathways, the mean time to treatment was 72 days for surgery patients, 56 days for chemotherapy patients, and 61 days for radiotherapy patients. Our research demonstrated that by ensuring that the patient attends their first outpatient appointment within 7 days and streamlining the diagnostic tests would have the potential to remove approximately 11 days from the current lung cancer pathway resulting in a 21% increase in patients receiving treatment within the Welsh Government set target of 62 days.

In November 2017, the donation service area (DSA) was removed as the primary unit of US donor lung allocation. Our primary objective was to evaluate the effect of this change on recipient characteristics, the use of pretransplant extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and on index hospitalization length of stay (LOS) and early posttransplant complications. We also assessed whether these outcomes differed in high and low competition centers, as defined by the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. Following DSA removal, there was a 9-day decrease in median waitlist time (P = .001) and an increase in median lung allocation score (40 vs 42, P

The Lung Screen Uptake Trial tested a novel invitation strategy to improve uptake and reduce socioeconomic and smoking-related inequalities in lung cancer screening (LCS) participation. It provides one of the first UK-based ‘real-world’ LCS cohorts. Of 2012 invited, 1058 (52.6%) attended a ‘lung health check’. 768/996 (77.1%) in the present analysis underwent a low-dose CT scan. 92 (11.9%) and 33 (4.3%) participants had indeterminate pulmonary nodules requiring 3-month and 12-month surveillance, respectively; 36 lung cancers (4.7%) were diagnosed (median follow-up: 1044 days). 72.2% of lung cancers were stage I/II and 79.4% of non-small cell lung cancer had curative-intent treatment.

THE OBJECTIVE of our study was to increase the efficiency of treatment of tuberculosis postoperative reactivations in a previously operated lung, by clarifying the medical indications, improving surgical techniques and tactics when removing a previously resected lung.METHODS AND MATERIALS. We analyzed the results of treatment of 220 patients who, in the 2004–2017 timeframe in our institution, had pneumonectomies (76 cases) and pleuropneumonectomies (144 cases) for tuberculosis relapse in a previously operated lung. For more objective planning of surgical treatment and evaluation of its results, we identified three degrees of treatment radicalism: radical, conditionally radical, and palliative.RESULTS. 32 patients, who had carried a radical surgery, were diagnosed as having a complete clinical effect at the time of discharge (absence of destruction cavities in a single lung, bacterial excretion and illiquid complications) in 100 % of cases; in the group of patients operated conditionally radical, there were diagnosed 161 out of 168 (95.8 %) and in the group of patients operated palliative, there were distinguished only 3 cases out of 20 (15.0 %).CONCLUSION. The implementation of the completion pneumonectomy and pleurapneumonectomy is accompanied by high technical complexity and more frequent development of intraoperative and postoperative complications. At the same time, the high efficiency of treatment of tuberculosis relapses in a previously operated lung can be achieved using the recommended tactics and techniques of surgical treatment when performing radical and conditionally radical interventions.

To investigate the chest CT imaging characteristics and clinical manifestations of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.This study included 150 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosed from January 10 to February 12, 2020 to analyze their clinical and CT imaging characteristics.The period between symptom onset and initial CT examination ranged from 1 to 8 days. There were 83 cases (55.33%) involving both lungs, 67 cases (44.67%) involving a single lung (left 25 cases and right 42 cases). There were 49 cases (32.67%) of single intrapulmonary lesion, 33 cases (22.00%) of multiple intrapulmonary lesions, 68 cases (44.00%) of diffused intrapulmonary lesions, 67 cases (44.67%) of subpleural lesions, 24 cases (16.00%) of lesions localizing along the bronchovascular bundles, and 59 cases (39.33%) with lesions in both locations. There were 18 cases (12.00%) exhibiting ground-glass nodules of 10 mm, 124 cases (82.67%) of patchy ground-glass opacities with or without consolidation, 8 cases (5.33%) of cord-like lesions, 6 cases (4.00%) of pleural effusion, and 2 cases (1.33%) of enlarged lymph nodes.The main manifestations of initial chest CT in COVID-19 pneumonia patients was ground-glass opacities, commonly involving single site in patients 35 years old and multiple sites and extensive area in patients 60 years old. The common lesion sites were the subpleural region and the posterior basal segments of the lower lobes, mostly showing thickening of the interlobular septum and mixed with consolidation.

Background We investigated the clinical value of accurate sublobectomy of pulmonary nodules using video‐assisted thoracoscopy (VATS). In June 2017 to June 2019, single lung nodule patients who accepted thoracoscopic resection were included. Palpation and intraoperative ultrasound (IU) were used to localize lung nodules, and the success rate, location time and safety compared. Performance of lung nodule ultrasound was assessed. The success rate of IU localization of pulmonary nodules with different properties was studied. Results A total of 33 cases with single pulmonary nodules were included in the study, and 32 cases (97%) were successfully located by IU as opposed to 16 cases (48.5%) located by palpation (P

INTRODUCTION: The ability to perform endotracheal intubation is one of the basic skills that paramedics should demonstrate. However, in some cases where lung or bronchial injuries have occurred, it may be necessary to separate the lung by attaching a bronchial blocker and ventilating single lung. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bronchial protection with VivaSight-EB bronchial blocker tube and one-lung ventilation by paramedics in conditions of simulated lung injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was a prospective randomized cross-over simulation trial in which 27 paramedics took part. In the study, paramedics performed endotracheal intubation with ETView SL and then introduced a VivaSight-EB bronchial blocker and one-lung ventilation. The bronchial protection procedure took place in two scenarios: (A) normal airway; (B) difficult airway. VivaSight-EB bronchial blocker introduction time (T1) and one-lung ventilation time (T2) and the efficacy of the procedure were analysed. RESULTS: The efficacy of endotracheal intubation with ETView SL tube was 100% during both Scenario A and Scenario B. The efficacy of endotracheal intubation with ETView SL tube was 100%. The effectiveness of the first attempt to protect the bronchi with a bronchial blocker was 26% for both scenarios and the total effectiveness of bronchial protection was 100% in both cases. Time T1 for endotracheal intubation was 18sec for Scenario A (IQR; 16.5–25) and 20 sec for Scenario B (IQR; 17–25). The time to perform one-lung ventilation (Time T2) in scenarios A and B was 43 sec (IQR; 38–62.5) vs. 43.5 sec (38–65). CONCLUSIONS: The simulation study confirmed the research hypothesis that the paramedics were able to perform one-lung ventilation using the ETView-Blocker® bronchial blocker tube after a short training.

Two-position measurement for fluorescence of a single cell captured in a microfluidic chip has been conducted manually. This paper describes the automation accomplished on moving the chip back and forth at two definite positions by a robotic arm controlled with a computer using Python codes. A single lung cancer cell was captured in the chip; measurements at two positions (cell and background) were automated to demonstrate the signal enhancement due to more accumulated reagents.

Regarding endocarditis prophylaxis, there is an increasing burden of enterococci related to antibiotic resistances. The testing of the bacterial milieu of the oral cavity before dental procedures may be promising to adjust the antibiotics.

We report a 6-year-old with single ventricle physiology secondary to tricuspid atresia who had cardiorespiratory failure who was not a candidate for further single ventricle palliation. The patient underwent planned staged left pneumonectomy for recurrent pneumonias secondary to bronchomalacia followed by orthotopic heart transplantation. This aggressive approach improved the patient candidacy for heart transplantation by removing the source of recurrent infection and respiratory failure (left lung).

OBJECTIVES Typically, single-lung ex vivo lung perfusion (SL-EVLP) is preferred when there is concern of contamination from the opposite lung. However, a comprehensive assessment of the SL-EVLP has not been completed. The purpose of this study is to compare the physiological parameters of SL-EVLP and double-lung EVLP (DL-EVLP) in the assessment of transplant suitability. METHODS Seven pairs of rejected donor lungs were perfused in cellular EVLP, with a tidal volume of 6 ml/kg ideal body weight and a perfusion flow of 70 ml/kg/min. The transplant suitability of each side was judged in the DL-EVLP. Subsequently, the tidal volume and flow were reduced by half. The right SL-EVLP was maintained for 10 min by clamping the left main pulmonary artery and the bronchus. Similarly, left SL-EVLP was performed. The physiological parameters were compared between SL-EVLP and DL-EVLP. RESULTS PO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly lower in SL-EVLP than in DL-EVLP [182.5 (127.5-309.5) vs 311.5 (257.5-377.0) mmHg, P

The clinical and imaging data belonging to 52 discharged novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) patients with positive nucleic acid retesting results during the follow-up period were collected from the First People’s Hospital, Xiaogan, Hubei Province, China, for analysis. These moderate NCP patients underwent a plain CT scan before the admission, at the time of discharge, and at re-admission due to the positive result of their COVID-19 nucleic acid retesting. The CT signs of these patients were analyzed in this study and a total of 32 (61.54%) patients presented with 123 lesions with patchy fuzzy shadows. In addition, 24 (75%) and 8 (25%) patients out of the 32 patients, had lesions distributed in both lungs and single lung, respectively. It is worth mentioning that the CT manifestations varied in discharged moderate NCP patients whose COVID-19 nucleic acid retest was positive in the follow-up period. Most patients presented with patchy fuzzy shadows and ground-glass opacity (GGO) lesions distributed in the lower lobe of both lungs. The results of the study indicated that some discharged moderate NCP patients with positive COVID-19 nucleic acid retest developed new patchy fuzzy shadows and GGO lesions. Moreover, the recurrence of NCP needs to be verified once patchy fuzzy shadows and GGO lesions appear and are not absorbed during the follow-up period. This study provided a reference for the follow-up NCP evaluation.

Цель: продемонстрировать возможности своевременной лучевой диагностики и лечения туберкулеза позвоночника у пациентки с единственным легким после плевропневмонэктомии по поводу фиброзно-кавернозного туберкулеза легких. Материалы и методы: пациентка 26 лет, жительница сельской местности, продавец продуктового магазина. Находилась на стационарном лечении в ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» Минздрава России с диагнозом: туберкулезный спондилит Th12-L2, очаговый туберкулез S2 единственного правого легкого в фазе инфильтрации. МБТ (-). Состояние после плевропневмонэктомии по поводу фиброзно-кавернозного туберкулеза левого легкого от 18 декабря 2018г. Для уточнения этиологии и объема поражения позвоночника и определения тактики хирургического лечения была выполнена мультисрезовая компьютерная томография (МСКТ) лёгких, грудного и поясничного отделов позвоночника и чрескожная трепанобиопсия L1 позвонка. Результаты: по данным МСКТ выявлена деструкция тел Th12-L1-2 позвонков, а со стороны единственного правого лёгкого визуализирован средней интенсивности очаг диаметром 5мм в С1, в С2 мелкий кальцинат и субплевральный очаг в С4. Мелкоочаговая диссеминация отмечалась на всём протяжении единственного легкого. При бактериологическом исследовании биологического материала, взятого во время трепанобиопсии, получен рост микобактерий туберкулеза, подтвержденный диагностикой полимеразной цепной реакциии (ПЦР). Учитывая лёгочную патологию, произведена операция в объеме резекции тел Th12-L1-2 и переднебоковой спондилодез телозамещающим имплантатом Mesh с костной аутопластикой из левостороннего доступа, транспедикулярной фиксации (ТПФ) Th11-L3 четырехвинтовой конструкцией под интраоперационным лучевым контролем. В результате проведенного лечения пациентка выписана в удовлетворительном состоянии. Выводы: представленное клиническое наблюдение демонстрирует важность применения современных методов лучевой диагностики у пациентов с сочетанным инфекционным поражением лёгких и позвоночника для получения полноценной информации о состоянии дыхательной и костной систем с использованием МСКТ и интервенционной радиологии и для определения этиологии патологического процесса. Это позволило выполнить сложное своевременное оперативное вмешательство с максимально щадящим единственное лёгкое хирургическим доступом к поражённым позвонкам при туберкулёзном спондилите со стороны предшествующей плевропневмонэктомии., Aim: was to demonstrate possibilities of timely radiological diagnosis and treatment of spinal tuberculosis in a patient with a single lung after pleuropneumonectomy for fibrocavernous pulmonary tuberculosis. Materials and methods: patient, 26 y.o. female, country inhabitant, grocery store clerk. She was hospitalized to the National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation with a diagnosis: “Tuberculosis spondylitis Th12-L2, focal tuberculosis S2 of the single right lung in the infiltration phase. M.Tb(-). Pleuropneumonectomy for fibrocavernous tuberculosis of left lung (December 18, 2018)”. To clarify etiology and lesion volume and to determine surgical treatment tactics, multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) of lungs and thoracolumbar spine and subsequent percutaneous trephine biopsy of the L1 vertebra were performed. Results: according to MSCT data, destruction of Th12-L1-2 vertebral bodies was revealed; in single right lung, medium-intensity focal lesion with a diameter of 5 mm in C1, a small calcinate in C2, and a subpleural focal lesion in C4 were visualized. Small-focal dissemination was observed throughout the entire length of single lung. Bacteriological study of biological material taken during trephine biopsy revealed the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, confirmed by diagnostics of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Taking into account the pulmonary pathology, operation was performed in the volume of resection of Th12-L1-2 bodies and antero-lateral spinal fusion with a Mesh body replacement implant with bone autoplasty from left-side access, transpedicular fixation (TPF) of Th11-L3 with a four-screw structure under intraoperative radiation control. As a result of treatment, patient was discharged in a satisfactory condition. Conclusions: presented case report demonstrates the importance of timely radiological diagnosis in patients with combined infectious lesions of lungs and spine for obtaining of complete information about the state of respiratory and bone systems, using MSCT and interventional radiology methods and for determination of pathological process etiology. It made it possible to perform timely diagnosis and complex surgical intervention with the most sparing and light surgical access to affected vertebrae in tuberculosis spondylitis from the side of previous pleuropneumonectomy., Журнал "Диагностическая и интервенционная радиология", Выпуск 2 2021, Pages 65-69

We present a novel case of a patient with nephrotic syndrome and previous left pneumonectomy who had a massive pulmonary embolism of his remnant right pulmonary artery. He underwent surgical embolectomy and veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Early embolectomy using retrograde pulmonary perfusion and post-operative ECMO helped the patient survive this catastrophic event.

Considering the insufficient understanding of pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) with consolidation, 22 patients were evaluated based on the chest computed tomography (CT) images and clinical manifestation. The clinical symptoms were mild, mainly manifesting as cough and sputum. Pulmonary lesions mostly involved a single lobe in a single lung with multiple lesions. Specifically, single lung involvement was observed in 17 cases, single lobe in 16 cases and multiple lesions in 14 case. Fifteen cases were mainly distributed in the periphery and 17 cases in the long axis in parallel to the pleura. Nineteen cases had air bronchograms. Eight cases displayed cavitation inside the lesions and 18 cases had surrounding halo signs. Seventeen cases had pleural thickening, of which 10 cases had "pasting wall" signs. The clinical symptoms of PC with consolidation were relatively mild. Comprehensive clinical and imaging performance could improve the diagnosis of the disease.

Background The cold ischemia time (CIT) is a period of time between harvesting an organ for transplant and its reperfusion just after implantation. CIT may have an impact on frequency of complications after lung transplant that can be treated by means of bronchoscopic intervention. The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between CIT and frequency of bronchoscopic intervention. Methods The retrospective study consists of 91 patients: 22 single lung recipients (24%) and 69 double lung recipients (76%) who underwent lung transplant from March 2012 to June 2019. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 25.0 and R 3.5.3. The P levels less than .05 were deemed statistically significant. Results The average CIT in single lung transplant was 5.91 hours, and in double lung transplant it was 8.61 hours. For the 4- to 8-hour CIT the percentages were 80.95% for single lung recipients and 46.38% for double lung recipients. For CIT longer than 8 hours, the following percentages were observed: 9.53% in single lung transplant and 53.62% in double lung transplant. Each subsequent hour of CIT exponentially increases the risk of intervention 1505 times (50.05%). Conclusions Prolonged CIT seems to be a risk factor for airway complication, especially in the double lung recipient group.

International audience; The first successful single-lung and double-lung transplantations were performed in the eighties. Since then both surgical and anesthesiological management have improved. The aim of this paper is to describe the surgical technique of lung transplantation: from the anesthesiological preparation, to the explantation and implantation of the lung grafts, and the preparation of the donor lungs. We will also describe the main surgical complications after lung transplantation and their management. Each step of the surgical procedure will be illustrated with photos and videos.

Background: The thoracoscopic approach has become a standard procedure in the field of lung resections. However, its advantage in single-lung patients has not yet been well studied. We describe a series of successful thoracoscopic wedge resections in patients presenting with lung cancer after contralateral pneumonectomy. Methods: Eight patients, with a previous pneumonectomy (5 right and 3 left) for lung cancer, underwent resection for a suspicious neoplasm on the remaining lung. All lesions were detected in the asymptomatic phase during regular follow-up after pneumonectomy based on repeated computer tomography (CT). Only single peripheral lesions less than 2 cm were eligible for wedge resection were eligible for surgery. Videoassisted thoracoscopic, margin-free tumor wedge resections, were performed during apnea windows with the lung in a deflated position. Results: All patients were treated by a wedge resections smaller than a single segment. Only one patient needed a mini-thoracotomy conversion to accomplish a safe margin-free resection. Median total surgical operative time was 37 minutes. There were no postoperative deaths, while morbidity was 12.5%. Conclusions: Thoracoscopic surgery represents a feasible surgical option in selected patients after contralateral pneumonectomy, with careful preoperative assessment and using short apnea windows in good collaboration with anesthesiologists. Histological definition, made possible by the surgical-procedure, gives patients the possibility to eventually undergo further targeted therapies. Randomized prospective trials are necessary to assess the best management of peripheral small lung nodules in single-lung patients, in particular to define which patients can benefit from a surgical approach.

Purpose Single lung transplantation (SLT) is an option for certain lung transplant recipients and allows for maximal utility of a limited donor pool. However, whether a single lung should be transplanted when the contralateral donor lung is too injured for transplant is a challenging clinical scenario. The introduction of ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has improved donor lung assessment and we hypothesize that it has improved SLT outcomes in this setting. We examined outcomes in SLT recipients with and without the use of EVLP. Methods A retrospective single-centre review of all SLT performed between 2000 and 2017 was performed. To account for the introduction of EVLP in our program in 2008, we considered the years 2000-2008 the “pre-EVLP era” and 2009-2017 the “EVLP era”. SLT recipients were classified as Group 1 (Control) when both donor lungs were transplanted, Group 2 (Pre-EVLP era) when one lung was declined at the donor site and the other transplanted directly, Group 3a (EVLP era; non-EVLP) when one lung was declined at the donor site and the other transplanted directly, and Group 3b (EVLP era; EVLP utilized) when one lung was declined but the transplanted lung deemed acceptable using EVLP. The outcomes of interest were survival, time-to-extubation, and ICU and hospital stay. Results A total of 244 SLT were performed between 2000 and 2017. There were 143 SLT in Group 1, 21 in Group 2, 33 in Group 3a, and 47 in Group 3b. There was a significantly better 30-day mortality in the EVLP era (Table 1). Use of SLT increased from 12.7% of lung transplants pre-EVLP era to 16.8% in the EVLP era. Conclusion Though not every SLT with rejected contralateral lung necessitated evaluation by EVLP, the availability of EVLP allowed for additional evaluation of questionable single lungs. This has led to increased utilization rates and improved outcomes of SLT with a rejected contralateral lung in the EVLP era.

The number of patients who need cardiac support with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) has increased over the last decade. However, the number of reports of organ retrieval from donors with an LVAD is still small. Successful lung retrieval for single lung transplantation was performed from a donor on LVAD support. This required special care not to injure the heart, great vessels, and the device, particularly the outflow conduit, because of significant conglutination around the device. A right single lung transplantation was performed successfully, with no postoperative complications. This means that patients on an LVAD could be potential donors for lung transplantation.