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There are reports suggesting that leaf-cutting ants can act as a biotic filter, selecting plant traits according to foraging preferences, and consequently affecting the species composition of plant communities. In order to test this hypothesis, we evaluated the relationship between the floristic and functional diversity of woody plants in fragments of Semideciduous Seasonal Atlantic Forest (SAF) with the presence or absence of Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758) nests. We expected that, in places where A. sexdens nests is present, 1) floristic diversity is lower and 2) the plant community is dominated by species characterized by greater investment in anti-herbivore defenses and lower nutritional content. For this, we sampled nine SAF fragments in the north of Paraná state, in Brazil. The diversity of woody regenerants (> 1 m in height, < 2 cm diameter) was estimated and 10 functional traits were evaluated: gap dependence, deciduousness, leaf nitrogen and carbon content, leaf C/N ratio, presence of leaf trichomes, leaf thickness, specific leaf area, presence of latex and condensed tannins, for the 28 most abundant woody species. Contrary to expectations, there were no differences in floristic diversity between sites with or without A. sexdens, and functional diversity was also similar, reflecting the floristic similarity. We suggest that the herbivory pressure by A. sexdens on the woody regenerants of SAF fragments is not strong enough to cause significant mortality in individual species and, consequently, affect plant diversity and composition. This may in part be related to the fact that most nests of A. sexdens were established in the edges of the fragments and that ants from these nests forage not only in the forest but also in the agricultural matrix where food resources are abundant. We also suggest that longer-term studies are still needed to fully elucidate the effects of A. sexdens on the plant community of Atlantic Forest fragments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The input of large amounts of fertilizers in agricultural areas may result in nitrogen (N) leakage to nearby forest fragments, which can impact the physiology and growth of trees. The current study aimed to assess the effects of soil N addition on seedlings of four tree species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Croton floribundus and Astronium graveolens (pioneer), Guarea kunthiana and Aspidosperma polyneuron (non-pioneer). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse condition with three treatments: reference (soil without addition of nutrients), N addition (N: soil with addition of ammoniacal-N), and complete (C: soil with addition of ammoniacal-N and other macro and micronutrients). Croton floribundus seedlings presented higher shoot growth with N addition, mainly in treatment C, and only this treatment increased net photosynthesis. There was great variation in the metabolic responses induced by treatments N and C, with accumulation of nitrate in the leaves and xylem sap only in seedlings in treatment N. In A. graveolens, there was a decrease in transpiration in response to treatments N and C. However, water use efficiency, leaf area, and dry mass increased only in seedlings subjected to treatment C. Regarding metabolic parameters, A. graveolens was little responsive to the treatments. In G. kunthiana seedlings, the treatments decreased net photosynthesis and increased leaf total N. Only treatment N led to decreased stem dry mass and increased nitrate contents in leaves and xylem sap. Aspidosperma polyneuron exhibited no change in growth, but there was an accumulation of N compounds in the leaves for both treatments N and C, which suggests that this species could be a good bioindicator of N addition to the soil. Although influencing different parameters, the results indicate that soil N addition affects the performance of both pioneer and non-pioneer species. Finally, the implications of these results for biomonitoring of N availability in the soil of forest fragments are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Dalechampia seccoi is a new endemic species of Euphorbiaceae from the Atlantic Forest domain, southeastern Brazil. Here we describe and illustrate the new species. Collections of botanical material, and standard herbarium practices were applied. The new species is vegetatively similar to D. alata, D. erythrostyla, D. pentaphylla, D. violacea, and D. purpurata, however it is distinguished by exclusive characters such as involucral bracts 4‒5-lobed, pinkish, staminate sepals vinaceous, resin darkish and stigma yellow lobed to crateriform. The new species is restricted to Seasonal Semideciduous Forest with altitudes of ca. 700 m from Caparaó, south of the state of Espírito Santo. In addition, we provide field photographs, preliminary conservation status assessments using IUCN Red List guidelines, as well as a checklist and key for morphological correlated species.

The Atlantic Forest is a threatened biodiversity hotspot. Anthropogenic and environmental factors affect this biodiversity, including floristics and, consequently, the seed dispersal syndrome. The objective was to evaluate the influence of environmental factors on floristic composition, seed dispersal syndrome and potential for wild fauna refuge, especially birds of the Cracidae family, in a Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (RPPN) in the Atlantic Forest. The study was carried out in a forest fragment of 631 ha in the RPPN Fazenda Macedônia in Ipaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Twenty-three plots (10 × 50 m) were inventoried at three sampling levels with the plots being selectively distributed, considering the different geoenvironments. Environmental factors were divided into edaphic (soil chemical and physical) and landscape (altitude, slope, terrain exposure and edge distance) variables. Species composition and plot groupings by smallest dissimilarity were calculated. The dispersal syndrome and the type of zoochoric dispersal were determined for tree species. The species dispersed by birds had records of occurrence in the verified cracid diet. Two hundred and forty-nine species from 138 genera and 46 tree families were recorded. The dissimilarity between plots ranged from 0.4 to 1.0 forming four groups. Floristic composition was influenced by soil variables (soil pH, available potassium and magnesium, exchangeable aluminum, effective and potential CEC, remaining phosphorus, organic matter and silt) and landscape (altitude). The zoochoric dispersal syndrome was the most frequent, with ornithochory (68.09%) being the most important within this group. In the RRPN, 35 species of tree were recorded in the cracids diet. Tree species composition of varied with edaphic variables and with altitude. The wide distribution of species recorded in cracid diets reaffirms the fragment's potential for the establishment and conservation of these birds, highlighting the importance of creating and protecting private conservation areas, such as the RPPN Fazenda Macedônia.

The input of large amounts of fertilizers in agricultural areas may result in nitrogen (N) leakage to nearby forest fragments, which can impact the physiology and growth of trees. The current study aimed to assess the effects of soil N addition on seedlings of four tree species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Croton floribundus and Astronium graveolens (pioneer), Guarea kunthiana and Aspidosperma polyneuron (non-pioneer). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse condition with three treatments: reference (soil without addition of nutrients), N addition (N: soil with addition of ammoniacal-N), and complete (C: soil with addition of ammoniacal-N and other macro and micronutrients). Croton floribundus seedlings presented higher shoot growth with N addition, mainly in treatment C, and only this treatment increased net photosynthesis. There was great variation in the metabolic responses induced by treatments N and C, with accumulation of nitrate in the leaves and xylem sap only in seedlings in treatment N. In A. graveolens, there was a decrease in transpiration in response to treatments N and C. However, water use efficiency, leaf area, and dry mass increased only in seedlings subjected to treatment C. Regarding metabolic parameters, A. graveolens was little responsive to the treatments. In G. kunthiana seedlings, the treatments decreased net photosynthesis and increased leaf total N. Only treatment N led to decreased stem dry mass and increased nitrate contents in leaves and xylem sap. Aspidosperma polyneuron exhibited no change in growth, but there was an accumulation of N compounds in the leaves for both treatments N and C, which suggests that this species could be a good bioindicator of N addition to the soil. Although influencing different parameters, the results indicate that soil N addition affects the performance of both pioneer and non-pioneer species. Finally, the implications of these results for biomonitoring of N availability in the soil of forest fragments are discussed.

The status of endemic and threatened birds of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest remains poorly understood. Citizen science offers information that helps fill this gap. In southern Brazil, traditional science was carried out in 15 of 50 municipalities in western Paraná state, reporting 82 endemic and 25 threatened species in a total of 467. WikiAves, the most popular, photography-based online citizen science platform in Brazil, whose users are not trained to collect data, reported 56 endemic and 11 threatened species in a total of 430 in 48 municipalities. Together, the 512 species is 92% of the expected 558, and all endemic and threatened species reported in WikiAves were reported by traditional scientists. Traditional scientists studied in protected areas, provided a list of species, and reported > 200 species in 4 municipalities, endemic species in 14, and threatened species in 11. The number of species reported correlated with the number of studies in the municipality. Citizen scientists tended to photograph target species, and reported > 200 species in 2 municipalities, endemic species in 31, and threatened in 12. The number of records was correlated with population of the municipality. Traditional scientists tend to test hypotheses and use appropriate methods. Citizen scientists seem to photograph close to home, without using scientific methods. We offer suggestions to better integrate traditional and citizen science data; each adds information useful for both, improving both of their contributions to science and conservation.

The status of endemic and threatened birds of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest remains poorly understood. Citizen science offers information that helps fill this gap. In southern Brazil, traditional science was carried out in 15 of 50 municipalities in western Paraná state, reporting 82 endemic and 25 threatened species in a total of 467. WikiAves, the most popular, photography-based online citizen science platform in Brazil, whose users are not trained to collect data, reported 56 endemic and 11 threatened species in a total of 430 in 48 municipalities. Together, the 512 species is 92% of the expected 558, and all endemic and threatened species reported in WikiAves were reported by traditional scientists. Traditional scientists studied in protected areas, provided a list of species, and reported > 200 species in 4 municipalities, endemic species in 14, and threatened species in 11. The number of species reported correlated with the number of studies in the municipality. Citizen scientists tended to photograph target species, and reported > 200 species in 2 municipalities, endemic species in 31, and threatened in 12. The number of records was correlated with population of the municipality. Traditional scientists tend to test hypotheses and use appropriate methods. Citizen scientists seem to photograph close to home, without using scientific methods. We offer suggestions to better integrate traditional and citizen science data; each adds information useful for both, improving both of their contributions to science and conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present new records for Pelexia vinosa A.W.C. Ferreira, M.I.S. Lima & Pansarin, a Brazilian terricolous orchid described in 2012 and at that moment known only from the type population and considered endemic to the state of São Paulo. We report the occurrence of populations in seasonal semideciduous forest fragments at three locations in the southernmost Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. This would mean that the species distribution is extended by ca. 1,500 km in a straight line from previous records. We also reassess the conservation status of P. vinosa as Endangered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Cryptanthus, known exclusively from Chapada Diamantina, in the municipalities of Miguel Calmon and Jacobina, state of Bahia, Northeast Brazil, is described and illustrated. Cryptanthus euglossinii is characterized by having leaves that are reddish in the marginal region, white-scaly near the base and glabrous adaxially towards the apex, with the abaxial surface covered by trichomes that obscure the color of the leaf. Comparisons are made with two similar species, C. reisii and C. bibarrensis, that are considered closely related. Euglossinii bees were observed visiting the flowers of C. euglossinii and collecting floral essences on petals, a relationship that is the basis of the epithet of the new species. Cryptanthus euglossinii is considered Endangered (EN) based on an extent of occurrence of 860 km2, an area of occupancy of 1,000 km2, and criteria established by the IUCN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Atlantic Forest is one of the most biodiverse biomes in the world and has been severely degraded and fragmented, with the extirpation of most medium-sized and large vertebrates from the forest remnants. Here we present the results of a survey of medium-sized and large mammals in an area of protected seasonal semideciduous forest, the Floresta da Cicuta Area of Relevant Ecological Interest (ARIE-FC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, part the Atlantic Forest biome. We used camera traps (2,257 camera days) and direct observations over a 23-month period. We recorded 19 species (including two domestic species), seven of which are classified as at-risk, such as Leopardus guttulus (Hensel, 1872), Sylvilagus tapetillus Thomas, 1913, Alouatta clamitans Cabrera, 1940, and Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815). A diverse terrestrial mammal assemblage in the ARIE-FC reinforces the importance of small forest fragments for the conservation of biodiversity in human-modified landscapes of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Iguaçu National Park represents the largest fragment of Inland Atlantic Rainforest of Paraná state. The vegetation is predominantly seasonal semideciduous forest, in the areas of Foz do Iguaçu and Capanema and a transition of this with Araucaria forest, in the Céu Azul area. This work aimed to recognize the genera and species of Rubiaceae occurring in the Park, through monthly collections from August 2013 to July 2014, supplemented with sporadic collections from May 2018 to April 2019. Thirty-five species were recorded, belonging to 19 genera. The most representative genera were Palicourea and Psychotria with five species, Galianthe, Manettia, Borreria with three, Geophila and Coccocypselum with two, and the other genera with only one species each. The areas with the major species richness were Foz do Iguaçu, with 24, of which four are exclusive to this area, followed by Céu Azul with 22 species, of which eight are exclusive. Of the 35 species recorded, seven occur in all areas and in both forest formations, seven occur only in the Araucaria forest area, and 20 occur only in the seasonal semideciduous forest. Borreria orientalis is highlighted due to its restricted distribution in Brazil, occurring only in Paraná, and Manettia tweedieana is considered endangered.

The knowledge of the production and marketing chains of pinhão is centered in the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest region, in southern Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the pinhão production and marketing chains in a region of ecological tension (Seasonal Semideciduous Forest) and verify the pinhão trade effectiveness as a tool for araucaria conservation. This research was based on a statistical survey on pinhão extraction and trade, made available by governmental institutions. To identify establishments operating in the trade of pinhão in Minas Gerais (Brazil), structured interviews and a literature review of the legislation associated with the trade of forest products were conducted, establishing the relationship between the trade and conservation of araucaria. The results showed that Minas Gerais is the third-largest national producer of pinhão, accounting for 13.9% of production, and receiving the lowest remuneration for the extracted product. There is a predominance of a short marketing chain, in which producers or retailers negotiate with the consumer, resulting in greater profits for those involved in this process, who benefit from the lack of specific regulations and inspections in the extraction and trade of pinhão, leading to a predatory activity, which does not contribute to the preservation of araucaria. However, the use of appropriate instruments may make feasible the conservation of this species, combining its potential for use in forest restoration projects with the income from the commercialization of its seeds, thus developing an effective tool for the conservation of araucaria in rural properties in Minas Gerais. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current restoration monitoring protocols have been developed for active restoration projects (based on planting seedlings) and little is known about their applicability in assessing vegetation resulting from passive restoration, an important knowledge gap for the restoration of tropical and subtropical forests. The present study was developed in a 12-year-old subtropical riparian forest undergoing passive restoration (based on spontaneous natural regeneration), and aimed to evaluate the regenerating vegetation using two monitoring protocols developed for active ecological restoration. The following indicators of restoration success were evaluated: canopy cover; basal area; above-ground biomass; total richness; richness and density of regenerating trees. Passive restoration strategy has been found to be successful in the study area as the observed values for the indicators (except basal area and biomass) were above reference values specified for a 12-year-old active restoration. Our results also show that for most of the indicators of restoration success, the reference values established for the evaluation of active restoration projects may be surpassed through unassisted natural regeneration, suggesting the feasibility of the application of these monitoring protocols for the evaluation of passive restoration projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iguaçu National Park represents the largest fragment of Inland Atlantic Rainforest of Paraná state. The vegetation is predominantly seasonal semideciduous forest, in the areas of Foz do Iguaçu and Capanema and a transition of this with Araucaria forest, in the Céu Azul area. This work aimed to recognize the genera and species of Rubiaceae occurring in the Park, through monthly collections from August 2013 to July 2014, supplemented with sporadic collections from May 2018 to April 2019. Thirty-five species were recorded, belonging to 19 genera. The most representative genera were Palicourea and Psychotria with five species, Galianthe, Manettia, Borreria with three, Geophila and Coccocypselum with two, and the other genera with only one species each. The areas with the major species richness were Foz do Iguaçu, with 24, of which four are exclusive to this area, followed by Céu Azul with 22 species, of which eight are exclusive. Of the 35 species recorded, seven occur in all areas and in both forest formations, seven occur only in the Araucaria forest area, and 20 occur only in the seasonal semideciduous forest. Borreria orientalis is highlighted due to its restricted distribution in Brazil, occurring only in Paraná, and Manettia tweedieana is considered endangered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on litter deposition are considered an important indicator of environmental quality of forest ecosystems. It is the main route of entry of organic matter and nutrients to forests. The objective of this study was to quantify the annual litterfall and seasonality in a fragment of native forest located in São Sepé in the Central Depression of Rio Grande do Sul. The experiment was conducted in a fragment of a Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. Inside this forest, in a place with homogeneous conditions, five plots of 20 m x 15 m length were systematically allocated 30 meters away from each other, where five litterfall traps were distributed in each plot (0,1963 m² each trap), totaling 25 traps. The collection of all plant material deposited by the trees in the collectors was performed monthly in a four-year period. In the laboratory, the samples were separated into leaves, small twigs (diameter < 0.5 cm) and miscellaneous, and after they were oven dried and weighed on a precision balance. Higher litterfall was observed in the spring, with the highest return peaks mainly in October, indicating a seasonal deposition behavior. The mean litterfall was 6.56 Mg ha-1 year-1; of this total, the leaves were responsible for 67.61%, followed by the miscellaneous with 19.04% and the small twigs with 13.29%. Only a high significant correlation was obtained between the miscellaneous fraction and the temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Hygrocybe conica var. conica and H. nigrescens var. brevispora were collected in the Atlantic Rain Forest of the States of Paraná and Rio Grande do Norte States, respectively. These two taxa were reported in mushroom checklists of Brazil; however, their morphological features and variations have been hitherto poorly documented. Thus, it is provided for the first time a complete description for these two Brazilian varieties. Hygrocybe conica var. conica was reported in the last century for the southeast region, more precisely from the mixed ombrophilous forests of São Paulo State. Presently, this variety is a new record for the seasonal semideciduous forests of Paraná State, southern Brazil. Hygrocybe nigrescens var. brevispora was known from coastal ecosystems of the south and southeast regions; it is also being indicated here as a new record for the northeast region.

ABSTRACT The secondary Atlantic forests play an important role in the context of climate change, acting as a carbon sink for the atmosphere. However, these forests can become a carbon source in case of increased tree mortality. Knowing this change is possible through continuous forest inventories that provide information on the dynamics of tree growth. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the carbon growth dynamics of a Seasonal Semideciduous Forest fragment, with 44.11 ha, located in the Parque Tecnológico de Viçosa - MG. The forest inventories were carried out in twenty plots of 10 m x 50 m, in the years of 2010 and 2015, where all stems with dbh ≥ 5 cm were measured, botanically identified and classified in ecological groups. The stem volume was obtained through volumetric equation. Biomass and carbon stock were quantified for compartments located above the ground (stem, branches and leaves) and below ground (roots). The dynamics of carbon growth were evaluated by Gross Increment (GI) and Periodic Annual Increment in carbon of the species (PAI). The GI was 12.72 MgC ha-1, including the carbon from the stems that were recruited and died during the monitoring period. The carbon stock increased 10.01 MgC ha-1, resulting in an PAI of 2.00 MgC ha-1 year-1. Thus, it is concluded that the forest fragment present positive carbon stock growth due to successional progression, ratifying the importance of secondary forest of the Atlantic forest in the mitigation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Small forest fragments are recognized as relevant for the preservation of the São Paulo State Semideciduous Seasonal Forest. Our research presents an updated checklist of the vascular flora of the small fragment of legally protected forest, located in the São Paulo State countryside, known as Ibicatu Ecological Station, with the main goal of discussing its importance for local and regional biodiversity conservation. We used the walking method, for a qualitative floristic survey, and botanical material was collected in reproductive and vegetative state. We sampled 187 species typical of the semideciduous seasonal forest, distributed in different eight life forms, with predominance of non-woody life forms, especially herbs and epiphytes. We identified 11 endangered species, including Peperomia hydrocotyloides, considered extinct from the São Paulo State, and some exotic and invasive species. We consider that this small forest fragment present rich vascular flora typical of the São Paulo countryside, in different life forms, and it is essential for local and regional biodiversity. This study added 102 species to the previously published checklist, emphasizing the importance of floristic surveys that include all life forms. Os pequenos fragmentos florestais são reconhecidamente relevantes para a preservação da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual do estado de São Paulo. Nossa pesquisa apresentou uma ampla lista de espécies da flora vascular de um pequeno fragmento florestal legalmente protegido. Este fragmento localiza-se no interior do estado de São Paulo, e é denominado “Estação Ecológica Ibicatu”. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal discutir a importância deste fragmento para a conservação das biodiversidades local e regional. Foi utilizado o método de caminhamento, para um levantamento florístico qualitativo, em que os materiais em estado reprodutivo e vegetativo foram coletados. Foram amostradas 187 espécies típicas da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, distribuídas em oito distintas formas de vida, com predomínio de formas de vida não lenhosa, e com destaque para ervas e epífitas. Identificaram-se 11 espécies ameaçadas de extinção, dentre elas, Peperomia hydrocotyloides, considerada extinta no estado de São Paulo, assim como algumas espécies exóticas invasoras. Considera-se que este pequeno fragmento florestal mantém uma rica flora vascular típica das florestas do interior paulista, em distintas formas de vida; e por este motivo, relevante para a biodiversidade local e regional. Este estudo também acrescentou 102 espécies à lista anteriormente publicada, enfatizando a importância dos levantamentos florísticos que incluem todas as formas de vida.

ABSTRACT Erythroxylum simonisis an understory species found in Northeast Brazil. Due to its shaded habitat,E. simonisis subjected to seasonal oscillations of the environment, to which it must respond ecophysiologically. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of seasonality on the ecophysiology ofE. simonis in a fragment of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. Leaf area index, visible sky fraction and photosynthetically active radiation were measured for 10 individuals during the dry and rainy seasons. Soil moisture, temperature and monthly precipitation were measured, as well as photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO2concentration, transpiration, instantaneous water use efficiency, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency and chlorophyll content. Ecophysiological variables were correlated with environmental variables, with a greater association of rainfall and soil moisture with stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthetic rate, indicating that water availability has an effect on the ecophysiology ofE. simonis. With the exception of instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, gas exchange exhibited significant differences among the months studied, with the highest values being for months with greater water availability, thus showing that the ecophysiology of the species responds to seasonal changes throughout the year.

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Abstract The geographical distribution of Machaeriobia machaerii (Kieffer, 1913) (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), previously known only from Tubarão, Santa Catarina State, Brazil is extended to São Paulo State, Brazil. Illustrations of diagnostic characters of the male, pupa, and larva are provided, and the association with the species of host plant, Machaerium hirtum (Vell.) Stellfeld (Fabaceae) is established.

Three species of Panaeolus were collected in the western region of Paraná State, South Brazil. Panaeolus sylvaticus is proposed as a new species, based on macro- and micromorphological features and substrate (rotten wood and litter). Panaeolus antillarum and P. papilionaceus var. parvisporus , two coprophilous and widely distributed species, are also reported. All species are illustrated and discussed in detail, regarding their taxonomy, ecology and distribution. A key to the known species of Panaeolus from Paraná State is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orchid bees were surveyed at Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, the largest remnant of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in Brazil. Seven species were collected, and Eufriesea violacea (Blanchard) was the most common species, followed by Euglossa annectans Dressler. The observed species richness and species composition agree with what is known for the local euglossine faunas in fragments of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest of southern and southeastern Brazil. On the other hand, the abundance of individuals was remarkably low. The occurrence of a severe winter in 2013 and the collection of several males in other fragments suggest that this noteworthy low abundance can be fortuitous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A regeneração natural é um bom indicador da capacidade de perpetuação das espécies arbóreas e da manutenção da biodiversidade em fragmentos florestais. O estado de conservação desses remanescentes está diretamente relacionado ao seu tamanho, tipo de vizinhança e grau de perturbação. A abundância de lianas vem sendo apontada como um indicador de degradação afetando diretamente a regeneração natural. Desse modo, é importante a avaliação da presença e cobertura de lianas no dossel das árvores e verificar sua influência na regeneração natural. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a participação das lianas na cobertura do dossel de uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual inserida em uma matriz de pastagem, procurando relacioná-la com a regeneração natural. Para avaliar essa regeneração foram instalados e avaliados doze transectos radiais perpendiculares à borda do fragmento. Observou-se que as maiores densidades de regeneração foram encontradas nas áreas em que a cobertura do dossel estava acima de 80%, independentemente de sua composição (lianas ou árvores), indicando que a cobertura por lianas também contribui positivamente para o desenvolvimento dos regenerantes. Natural regeneration is a good indicator of the perpetuation capacity and maintenance of biodiversity in forest fragments. The state of conservation of forest fragments is directly related to its size, neighborhood type and degree of disturbance. The abundance of lianas has been identified as an indicator of degradation directly affecting the natural regeneration. Thus, it is important to evaluate liana’s presence and cover in the canopy of trees and verify its influence on the natural regeneration. In this study it was evaluated the participation of lianas in the canopy cover of a Seasonal Semideciduous Forest inserted in a grassland matrix and its relationship to natural regeneration. To evaluate this regeneration it were installed and evaluated twelve transects perpendicular to the edge with the pasture. The results showed that the highest regeneration densities were found in the areas where the canopy cover was over 80% regardless of their composition (lianas or trees), indicating that the lianas’s cover also contributes positively to the development of regenerants.

Small forest fragments are recognized as relevant for the preservation of the São Paulo State Semideciduous Seasonal Forest. Our research presents an updated checklist of the vascular flora of the small fragment of legally protected forest, located in the São Paulo State countryside, known as Ibicatu Ecological Station, with the main goal of discussing its importance for local and regional biodiversity conservation. We used the walking method, for a qualitative floristic survey, and botanical material was collected in reproductive and vegetative state. We sampled 187 species typical of the semideciduous seasonal forest, distributed in different eight life forms, with predominance of non-woody life forms, especially herbs and epiphytes. We identified 11 endangered species, including Peperomia hydrocotyloides, considered extinct from the São Paulo State, and some exotic and invasive species. We consider that this small forest fragment present rich vascular flora typical of the São Paulo countryside, in different life forms, and it is essential for local and regional biodiversity. This study added 102 species to the previously published checklist, emphasizing the importance of floristic surveys that include all life forms.

Seasonal semideciduous forests in southeastern Brazil have experienced intensive fragmentation, and the interference of weeds may affect the dynamics of restored communities. The purpose of this study was to determine if there were specific densities of the weeds Urochloa decumbens and Ipomoea grandifolia at which the growth of seedlings of four Neotropical tree species – Senegalia polyphylla and Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Fabaceae) and Ceiba speciosa and Luehea divaricata (Malvaceae) – would be negatively affected. A randomized experimental design was conducted in a greenhouse, with five treatments to each tree species (different weed densities per pot per tree species) and four replicates per treatment. After the weeds flowered, the height and stem diameter of seedlings were quantified, including the aboveground dry biomass and the percentages of macro and micronutrients contents in the leaves. The growth of the tree seedlings was affected by the lowest weed density (two weeds per pot) when interacting with U. decumbens or I. grandifolia. In general, significant decreases in the percentage of macro and micronutrients in the leaves were observed, especially at eight weeds/pot. Such results could warrant experimental practices in chemical control in conjunction with alternative methods to control of these two weeds in restored areas.

A floristic survey of climbing plants was carried out in an ecotone area of seasonal semideciduous forest (SSF) and forested savanna (CER), in Porto Ferreira State Park (PFSP), Southeastern Brazil. We sampled the reproductive specimens every month during two periods, March 2010 to September 2011 and April and July 2015. The surveys were performed by the walking method, and the sampled individuals were classified by habit, climbing mechanism and dispersal mode. Overall, 109 species, belonging to 67 genera and 29 families, were recorded; 49 species occurred in both, 29 and 31 were exclusive to SSF and CER, respectively. Bignoniaceae and Malpighiaceae were the richest families, with 17 species, followed by Sapindaceae (12 species), Asteraceae and Apocynaceae (8 species each) and Fabaceae (6). The majority of climbers were lianas, twining and anemochoric species, corresponding to 70%, 47% and 66% of all samples, respectively. In this work, we added one new family and 14 species to the Cerrado's list of climbing plants from São Paulo state, and 10 species to the Brazilian seasonal semideciduous forest's list. Therefore, we contributed to the understanding of diversity of climbing plants in vegetation types poorly studied for this plant group, mainly in the Cerradão, wherein we found new records for several species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of estimating the total height of trees greater than 15 meters, by training, in two terrain conditions of a semideciduous seasonal forest (FES). The height of 211 trees, distributed in flat and sloping terrain, was scaled and measured in an FES, located in the state of Espírito Santo. They have their opinions estimated visually by two measurers, one received training and another not, both with the help of a ruler of 15 meters leaning on each tree. Three height classes were defined: 1 (15-17.9 m), 2 (18-20.9 m) and 3 (> 21 m), assuming that height can be lost. Averages, paired t-test, 95% probability, for analysis as real, and analysis of graphic analyzes of residues were applied. In declining terrains the accuracy of estimates tend to increase since performed by trained measurer. For the two terrain conditions, regardless of training, more reliable estimates were verified for trees and low. It was found that the training received may have been lost, suggesting continuous training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exotic species are spreading in various parts of the planet and sometimes becoming biological invaders. A floristic survey was carried out to find exotic trees, shrubs, and climbers in different communities in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. The traversal method was used at 26 sites. The richness totaled 26 species in 22 genera and 17 families. There are 19 trees, 5 arborescents, 1 shrub, and 1 climber. Most of the exotic species are already naturalized in the study area. Between 1 and 10 individuals sporadically occur at each site. For species of characteristically invasive exotic plants were observed, including 3 trees (Pinus elliottii Engel, Pinus taeda L. Engelm., and Pittosporum undulatum Vent.) and 1 shrub (Ulex europaeus L.). A continuous monitoring of exotic flora is needed to eliminate or control invasive plant species and to avoid economic and ecological damage to ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabalho apresenta o levantamento da flora pteridofítica de dois fragmentos florestais do Parque Estadual de Vassununga, unidade de conservação localizada no município de Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP. Para tanto, foram realizadas onze excursões por caminhos e trilhas de fiscalização e de pesquisa. Na Gleba Maravilha, que apresenta vegetação de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Montana e Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Aluvial com inundação temporária, foram encontradas 10 famílias, 18 gêneros e 35 espécies, sendo Pteridaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Aspleniaceae, e Polypodiaceae as famílias mais ricas com nove, sete, seis e cinco espécies, respectivamente. Na Gleba Capão da Várzea, onde ocorre a Floresta Paludosa e o Campo Antrópico, ocorreram nove famílias, 14 gêneros e 24 espécies, onde Thelypteridaceae e Polypodiaceae se apresentaram como as mais ricas, com oito e seis espécies, respectivamente. As Glebas do Parque Estadual de Vassununga com as suas diferentes fisionomias vegetais são áreas importantes para a conservação de pteridófitas na região nordeste do Estado de São Paulo, principalmente as típicas de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Montana e de Floresta Paludosa como Blechnum brasiliense, Campyloneurum angustifolium, Cyclodium meniscioides, Osmunda regalis, Pityrogramma calomelanos e Thelypteris opposita. This work presents a survey on pteridophyte flora of two forest fragments in Vassununga State Park, a conservation unit located in the city of Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, São Paulo, Brazil. In order to carry out the survey, a series of eleven tours on old inspection and research trails were made. In the Maravilha Tract, which consists of Seasonal Semi-Deciduous Montane Forest and Seasonal Semideciduous Alluvial Forest with temporary flooding, 10 families, 18 genera, and 35 species were found, the richest families were Pteridaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Aspleniaceae, and Polypodiaceae, with nine, seven, six and five species, respectively. In the Capão da Várzea Tract, which is dominated by Swamp Forest, a total of nine families, 14 genera, and 25 species were found, the richest families were Thelypteridaceae and Polypodiaceae with eight and six species, respectively. The tracts in Vassununga State Park have a diverse vegetation and are important for the conservation of pteridophytes in northeastern São Paulo, in particular of those typical of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest and Swamp Forest, such as Blechnum brasiliense, Campyloneurum angustifolium, Cyclodium meniscioides, Osmunda regalis, Pityrogramma calomelanos, and Thelypteris opposita.

We present a review of the controversial points of view concerning the physiognomic classification of Linhares Forest, which is defined here as the forest over coastal tablelands that is found between the Rio Doce and the Rio Barra Seca, in the north of Espírito Santo. We compiled information about the seasonal climate of such region and analyzed the relationship of both the interannual variation and the seasonality of the rainfall with the ecological attributes of the forest. Our interpretations unveiled that the average monthly rainfall does not express the reality of the biologically dry periods year after year nor does it express the consequences on the vegetation physiognomy. We perceived that Linhares Forest may manifest itself as semideciduous or evergreen, depending on the drought severity within a given period. Thus, we propose that the flexibility of Linhares Forest leaf flush regime must be considered in its classification. We suggest a double classification for the forest: one as a seasonal semideciduous forest during annual or supra-annual periods that are characterized by pronounced water deficit and the other as a seasonal evergreen forest during annual or supra-annual periods with no significant water deficit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this work was to evaluate the biological diversity in an urban forest remnant to better understand the structure of the community and ecological processes that are important for the conservation of these fragile ecosystems. The study was carried out in a fragment of seasonal semideciduous forest, with a long history of human disturbance, which is located in an urban area of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Samples from 25 (20x20m)plots were assessed, which included all individuals with a circumference at breast height (CBH) > 15cm. The species were classified based on successional group and dispersal syndrome. A total of 958 trees, from 69 species and 35 families, were recorded. The group of early secondary species presented higher values for all of the phytosociological parameters, followed by the late secondary species. The results suggest that the fragment is in an intermediate stage of successional development. Frequent and intense anthropogenic disturbance caused by the periodic removal of litter and tree, shrub and herb seedlings, to maintain an area for recreation, is compromising the regeneration of the species in this forest and thus hindering the slow process of regeneration of the remnant towards more mature stages of succession.

The vegetation from the upper Paraná river floodplain is a fragment of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest (SSF) that presents fields, lowlands and extensive areas of pasture along with forest formations. Aiming to accomplish analyses of floristic similarity between riparian forests remnants in this floodplain, an analysis using nine surveys was performed, four on the right bank, two on the left bank and three at an island, including tree species. Sørensen’s (ISs) and Jaccard’s (ISj) similarity coefficients were calculated, and a Correspondence Analysis (CA) was applied to a matrix of presence and absence of species. Thirty-seven families, 80 genera and 110 species were recorded. Among the species, 5.5% were generalist, while 29.1% were exclusive to one survey. The values of ISs and ISj ranged from 31 to 78.4%, and 31 to 64.5%, respectively. The CA grouped the surveys in the right and left banks and the island; the species with the highest positive correlation on axis 1 were the most common in the surveys on the left bank. The obtained results evidenced that floristic surveys constitute important indicatives for evaluations of the vegetation distribution in the floodplain.A vegetação da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná encontra-se nos domínios da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (FES) e, além das formações florestais, apresenta campos, várzeas e extensas áreas de pastagem. Com o objetivo de elaborar análises da similaridade florística entre remanescentes florestais ripários dessa planície, foi realizada uma análise entre nove levantamentos, sendo quatro na margem direita, dois na esquerda e três em uma ilha, para as espécies arbóreas. Foram calculados os índices de similaridade de Sørensen (ISs) e de Jaccard (ISj) e elaborada Análise de Correspondência (CA), a partir de uma matriz de presença e ausência para espécies. Foram listadas 37 famílias, 80 gêneros e 110 espécies. Dentre as espécies, 5,5% foram generalistas enquanto que, 29,1% foram exclusivas de apenas um levantamento. Os valores de ISs variaram de 31 a 78,4% e os de ISj de 31 a 64,5%. A CA agrupou os levantamentos nas margens direita e esquerda e a ilha, as espécies com maior correlação positiva no eixo 1 foram as comuns aos levantamentos da margem esquerda. Os resultados alcançados demonstraram que levantamentos florísticos constituem importantes indicativos para avaliações da distribuição da vegetação nessa planície.

The vegetation from the upper Paraná river floodplain is a fragment of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest (SSF) that presents fields, lowlands and extensive areas of pasture along with forest formations. Aiming to accomplish analyses of floristic similarity between riparian forests remnants in this floodplain, an analysis using nine surveys was performed, four on the right bank, two on the left bank and three at an island, including tree species. Sørensen’s (ISs) and Jaccard’s (ISj) similarity coefficients were calculated, and a Correspondence Analysis (CA) was applied to a matrix of presence and absence of species. Thirty-seven families, 80 genera and 110 species were recorded. Among the species, 5.5% were generalist, while 29.1% were exclusive to one survey. The values of ISs and ISj ranged from 31 to 78.4%, and 31 to 64.5%, respectively. The CA grouped the surveys in the right and left banks and the island; the species with the highest positive correlation on axis 1 were the most common in the surveys on the left bank. The obtained results evidenced that floristic surveys constitute important indicatives for evaluations of the vegetation distribution in the floodplain.

Size structure and spatial arrangement of 13 abundant tree species were determined in a riparian forest fragment inParaná State, South Brazil (23"16'S and 51"01'W). The studied species were Aspidosperma polyneuron Müll. Arg., Astronium graveolens Jacq. and Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng) Harms (emergent species); Alseis floribunda Schott, Ruprechtia laxiflora Meisn. and Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. (shade-intolerant canopy species); Machaerium paraguariense Hassl, Myroxylum peruiferum L. and Chrysophyllum gonocarpum (Mart. & Eichler ex Miq.) Engl. (shade-tolerant canopy species); Sorocea bonplandii (Baill.) Bürger, Trichilia casaretti C. Dc, Trichilia catigua A. Juss. and Actinostemon concolor (Spreng.) Müll. Arg. (understory small trees species). Height and diameter structures and basal area of species were analyzed. Spatial patterns and slope correlation were analyzed by Moran's / spatial autocorrelation coefficient and partial Mantel test, respectively. The emergent and small understory species showed the highest and the lowest variations in height, diameter and basal area. Size distribution differed among emergent species and also among canopy shade-intolerant species. The spatial pattern ranged among species in all groups, except in understory small tree species. The slope was correlated with spatial pattern for A. polyneuron, A. graveolens, A. floribunda, R. laxiflora, M. peruiferum and T. casaretti. The results indicated that most species occurredin specific places, suggesting that niche differentiation can be an important factor in structuring the tree community.Visando contribuir para o conhecimento das estratégias devida de espécies em fragmentos florestais, foram determinadas as estruturas de tamanho e espacial de 13 espécies arbóreas do remanescente de floresta ciliar no Estado do Paraná, no Sul do Brasil (23"16'S e 51"01'W). Foram analisadas as espécies: Aspidosperma polyneuron Müll. Arg., Astronium graveolens Jacq. e Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng) Harms, (emergentes); Alseis floribunda Schott, Ruprechtia laxiflora Meisn. e Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. (dossel, intolerantes à sombra); Machaerium paraguariense Hassl, Myroxylum peruiferum L. e Chrysophyllum gonocarpum (Mart. & Eichler exMiq.) Engl. (dossel, tolerantes à sombra); Sorocea bonplandii (Baill.) Bürger, Trichilia casaretti C. Dc, Trichilia catigua A. Juss. e Actinostemon concolor (Spreng.) Müll. Arg. (subosque). Analisou-se a estrutura de diâmetro de cada espécie. Para a análise do padrão espacial e correlação com adeclividade foram utilizados o Índice de Autocorrelação espacial de Moran e o Teste Parcial de Mantel, respectivamente. Os grupos das árvores emergentes e das espécies de subosque apresentaram as maiores e as menores variações na altura e no diâmetro e maior e menor área basal, respectivamente. Diferenças nas estruturas de diâmetro foram observadas entre as espécies emergentes e entre as espécies de dossel intolerantes à sombra. O padrão espacial variou entre as espécies de todos os grupos, exceto as espécies de subosque tolerantes à sombra. A topografia estava relacionada com a distribuição espacial de A. polyneuron, A. graveolens, A. floribunda, R. laxiflora, M. peruiferum e T. casaretti. A análise dos resultados indicou que para cada espécie a maioria dos indivíduos ocorriam em locais específicos, sugerindo que a diferenciação de nicho pode estar relacionada à estruturação desta comunidade arbórea.

O presente estudo foi realizado em uma área de ecótono de aproximadamente 30 hectares entre Floresta Estacional Semidecidual e Floresta Ombrófila Mista, localizada na Capela do Calvário, município de Campo Mourão, PR. Para a análise fitossociológica foram selecionados 80 forófitos. No levantamento total foram encontradas 61 espécies, 39 gêneros e 13 famílias de epífitas (10 de Pteridófitas e 51 de Magnoliófitas). As famílias mais ricas foram: Orchidaceae (38%), Bromeliaceae e Polypodiaceae (13%), Cactaceae (11%) e Piperaceae (8%), que juntas compõem 83% das espécies amostradas. Os gêneros Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) e Peperomia (Piperaceae) foram os mais ricos, com cinco espécies. A anemocoria foi constatada em 67% das espécies e 86% foram classificadas como holoepífitas verdadeiras. Das 61 espécies inventariadas, 43 ocorreram nas áreas de amostragem, sendo cinco em maior freqüência: Microgramma squamulosa, Pleopeltis angusta, Tillandsia loliacea, Tillandsia recurvata e Pecluma sicca. O índice de Shannon (H’) registrado para a área foi de 3,175 e a equabilidade (J) 0,863. Foram encontradas nove espécies epifíticas restritas a apenas um forófito. Microgramma squamulosa foi a espécie mais importante em toda área amostral. O trecho de vegetação em área de interflúvio, por apresentar estágio avançado de desenvolvimento, teve riqueza superior à área de vegetação ribeirinha.This study was conducted in a transition area of approximately 30 hectares between Semideciduous Forest and Araucaria Forest located in the Capela do Calvário, at Campo Mourão, Paraná. For the phytosociological analysis 80 phorophytes were selected. The survey found 61 species, 39 genera and 13 families of epiphytes (10 pteridophytes and 51 magnoliophytes). The richest families were: Orchidaceae (38%), Bromeliaceae and Polypodiaceae (13%), Cactaceae (11%) and Piperaceae (8%), which together make up 83% of the sampled species. Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) and Peperomia (Piperaceae) were the richest genera, each with five species. Anemochory was found in 67% of the species and 86% were classified as true holoepiphytes. Of the 61 species listed, 43 occurred in the sample area; the following five had the highest frequency: Microgramma squamulosa, Pleopeltis angusta, Tillandsia loliacea, Tillandsia recurvata and Pecluma sicca. The Shannon Index (H’) recorded for the area was 3.175 and evenness (J) 0.863. Nine epiphytic species were restricted to just one phorophyte. Microgramma squamulosa was the most important species over the entire sample area. The vegetation of the interfluvial area, in an advanced stage of development, was richer than the riverside vegetation.

A Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus possui um dos maiores remanescentes de mata estacional semidecídua ainda presentes no Estado de São Paulo. Poucos estudos foram realizados nessa localidade, extremamente importante no que diz respeito às aves da Mata Atlântica do interior do Estado. Para caracterizar a avifauna da estação com dados recentes e contribuir com novos registros, foi realizado um levantamento da avifauna utilizando-se o método de Pontos de Escuta entre outubro de 2005 e dezembro de 2006. Foram registradas 226 espécies enquanto diversos autores registraram outras 68, para um total de 293. Muitas espécies são endêmicas da Mata Atlântica ou do Cerrado e algumas são ameaçadas no Estado, justificando a existência dessa unidade de conservação e provando a necessidade de inventários em longo prazo e da preservação de fragmentos de mata estacional semidecídua nativa.Caetetus Ecological Station harbors one of the largest seasonal semideciduous forest remnants in the state of São Paulo. Few investigators have conducted bird surveys in this locality, one of the most important sites regarding Atlantic forest birds from the interior of the state. In order to determine the station's avifauna with recently collected data and to contribute with new records we censused the bird community using the Point Count method from October 2005 to December 2006. We recorded 226 species whereas other authors have recorded another 68, for a total of 293 for the station. Many species were Atlantic forest or Cerrado endemics and some were endangered in the state, justifying the existence of this conservation unit and proving the need of long-term surveys and preservation of seasonal semideciduous forests native fragments.

Foi realizado o levantamento florístico da floresta estacional semidecídua localizada no Sítio São Francisco, bem como a caracterização das síndromes de polinização e de dispersão das espécies. Foram encontrados um total de 46 famílias, 116 gêneros e 148 espécies (50 árvores, 35 lianas, 26 arbustos e 37 ervas). As famílias com maior riqueza de espécies arbóreas foram Euphorbiaceae (8), Fabaceae (7), Meliaceae (6) e Rutaceae (5). Entre as lianas, as famílias mais ricas foram Bignoniaceae (13), Sapindaceae (5) e Malpighiaceae (3); entre as herbáceas, Poaceae (8) e Asteraceae (5); e entre as arbustivas, Piperaceae (7) e Rubiaceae (5). As síndromes de polinização e de dispersão mais freqüentes foram melitofilia (73%) e zoocoria (63%), ambas predominantes no sub-bosque, sendo que algumas espécies apresentaram mais de uma síndrome de polinização. A análise de similaridade com outros sete fragmentos do município mostrou a mata do Sítio São Francisco em posição intermediária entre as formações higrófilas e as estacionais semidecíduas, e a ocorrência de algumas espécies exclusivas de árvores e de lianas.A floristic survey of the seasonal semi-deciduous forest located in the Sítio São Francisco was undertaken, together with studies of pollination and dispersion syndromes of the species. A total of 46 families, 116 genera and 148 species (50 trees, 35 lianas, 26 shrubs and 37 herbs) was found. The richest families in number of arboreal species were Euphorbiaceae (8), Fabaceae (7), Meliaceae (6) and Rutaceae (5). The lianas were distributed mainly in the following families: Bignoniaceae (13), Sapindaceae (5) and Malpighiaceae (3), while in the herbaceous plants, the richest families were Poaceae (8) and Asteraceae (5), and among the shrubs were Piperaceae (7) and Rubiaceae (5). The most frequent pollination and dispersion syndromes were respectively, melittophily (73%) and zoochory (63%), both predominating in the sub-arboreal stratum. More than one type of pollination syndrome was observed in some species. Comparing data from this study with seven surveys carried out in the municipality of Campinas, Sítio São Francisco forest showed an intermediate position between the hygrophilous formations and the seasonal semi-deciduous forests as well as the occurrence of some exclusive arboreal and lianas species.

Exotic species are used to trigger facilitation in restoration plantings, but this positive effect may not be permanent and these species may have negative effects later on. Since such species can provide a marketable product (firewood), their harvest may represent an advantageous strategy to achieve both ecological and economic benefits. In this study, we looked at the effect of removal of a non-native tree species ( Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) on the understory of a semideciduous forest undergoing restoration. We assessed two 14-year-old plantation systems (modified 'taungya' agroforestry system; and mixed plantation using commercial timber and firewood tree species) established at two sites with contrasting soil properties in São Paulo state, Brazil. The experimental design included randomized blocks with split plots. The natural regeneration of woody species (height ≥0.2 m) was compared between managed (all M. caesalpiniifolia trees removed) and unmanaged plots during the first year after the intervention. The removal of M. caesalpiniifolia increased species diversity but decreased stand basal area. Nevertheless, the basal area loss was recovered after 1 year. The management treatment affected tree species regeneration differently between species groups. The results of this study suggest that removal of M. caesalpiniifolia benefited the understory and possibly accelerated the succession process. Further monitoring studies are needed to evaluate the longer term effects on stand structure and composition. The lack of negative effects of tree removal on the natural regeneration indicates that such interventions can be recommended, especially considering the expectations of economic revenues from tree harvesting in restoration plantings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lianas são membros característicos das florestas tropicais, onde são abundantes e de grande importância ecológica. Entretanto, têm sido negligenciadas em estudos florísticos e fitossociológicos. Este trabalho apresenta as espécies de lianas da Estação Ecológica do Noroeste Paulista (EENP) e as compara àquelas encontradas em outros fragmentos florestais. A EENP (20º48'36'' S e 49º22'50'' W) está a 468 m de altitude e abrange área de 168,63 ha, composta de três fragmentos de vegetação descontínua, classificada como floresta estacional semidecidual, entremeadas por pastagens. As amostras de lianas foram coletadas realizando caminhadas na periferia e no interior da mata. Foram identificadas 105 espécies; delas, 99 são Magnoliopsida (60 gêneros e 22 famílias); e seis, Liliopsida (três gêneros e três famílias). As famílias mais ricas em espécies representaram 59% do total das lianas. A análise do dendrograma de similaridade mostrou que esta é baixa entre a Floresta Atlântica de São Paulo e aquelas localizadas no interior. Situação semelhante foi observada por outros autores na análise de similaridade com espécies de porte arbóreo, e também, entre florestas do interior e Floresta Atlântica.Lianas are characteristic, abundant and ecologically important members of tropical forest but they have been neglected in floristics and phytossociological studies. This work presents a floristic survey of the lianas species at Estação Ecológica do Noroeste Paulista (EENP), and a comparison of the list of species recorded in this work with those reported for other fragments of São Paulo state. The EENP (20º48'36'' S and 49º22'50'' W) is at 468 m of altitude and comprises an area of 168,43 ha, divided into three fragments of vegetation. Samples of lianas were collected in the interior and along the edges of the forest fragments. It was identified 105 species: 99 Magnoliopsida (60 genera and 22 families); six Liliopsida (three genera and three families). The richest families in species comprised 59% of the total of lianas sampled. The dendrogram of similarity showed a low similarity between the forest situated in the littoral (Atlantic Forest) and those located in the interior of the state of São Paulo. Some other authors, also analysing the similarity of forest of the interior and Atlantic Forest of São Paulo state, but considering only the trees reported similar result.

Esta investigação teve como objetivo caracterizar a composição florística e a estrutura horizontal da sinúsia arbórea em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Montana localizado no município de Viçosa, Zona da Mata mineira (20º45'S e 42º55'W). O clima da região é tropical de altitude, com verões chuvosos e invernos frios e secos - Cwa pelo sistema de Köppen. Para o levantamento fitossociológico, foram lançadas cinco faixas compostas de quatro parcelas retangulares contíguas de 10 x 25 m, espaçadas de 80 m, nas quais foram amostrados todos os indivíduos com circunferência à altura de 1,30 m do solo (CAP) igual ou superior a 15 cm. Foram amostradas 124 espécies, distribuídas em 80 gêneros e 41 famílias botânicas. As espécies que apresentaram maior valor de importância (VI) foram: Mabea fistulifera (14,51%), Xylopia sericea (5,09%), Piptadenia gonoacantha (4,89%), Xylopia brasiliensis (3,79%) e Lacistema pubescens (3,65%), enquanto as famílias que se destacaram em valor de importância foram Euphorbiaceae, Annonaceae, Mimosaceae, Lauraceae e Myrtaceae. O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H') foi de 3,56 e a área basal, de 28,7 m² por hectare, já tendo sido observado espécies representantes dos estádios sucessionais mais avançados.This research aimed to characterize the floristic composition of the tree synusiae in a Semideciduous Seasonal Forest patch located in Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil (20º45'S and 42º55'W). The regional climate is classified as Cwa by the Köppen system. For the phytosociological survey, five groups of four contiguous 10 x 25 m plots were installed, at 80 m intervals, in which all the individuals with 15 cm CBH (circunference at breast height) or more were sampled. A total of 124 species were identified, belonging to 80 genus and 41 botanical families. Based on their importance value (VI), the most representative species were Mabea fistulifera (14,51%), Xylopia sericea (5,09%), Piptadenia gonoacantha (4,89%), Xylopia brasiliensis (3,79%) and Lacistema pubescens (3,65%). The most important families were Euphorbiaceae, Annonaceae, Mimosaceae, Lauraceae, and Myrtaceae. The Shannon diversity index (H') was 3,56 and the estimated basal area was 28,7 m². Typical species secondary sucession advanced stages were registered.