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Employing lipidomics, this study investigated the lipid composition of seabuckthorn fruit oil processed via supercritical CO2 extraction and centrifugal separation. Qualitative analysis showed that a total of 2861 lipid molecules were identified in seabuckthorn fruit oil. Quantitative analysis showed that the content of lipids in seabuckthorn fruit oil extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction (927,539.84 µg/mL) was significantly higher than that in centrifugal‐separated seabuckthorn fruit oil (735,717.63 µg/mL), with 17 distinct lipid classes and 215 lipid molecules differentiated through multivariate statistical analysis. Lipid molecules, such as diacylglycerol (DG), ceramides (Cer), monohexosyl ceramide, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and monogalactosyl DG, were predominantly found in the oil extracted using supercritical CO2. In contrast, monogalactosyl monoacylglycerol, diglycosyl ceramide, and Cer phosphate were significantly present in the oil extracted by centrifugal separation. These findings contribute new insights into how processing methods affect the quality and composition of seabuckthorn fruit oil and provide a basis for detecting oil adulteration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seabuckthorn fruit oil is rich for bioactive substances, mainly including unsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, steroids and tocopherols, which has specific health functions and been widely used in medicine, food and cosmetics. This paper mainly introduces the five extraction processes of seabuckthorn fruit oil, which are organic solvent extraction, squeezing and centrifugation, enzymatic extraction, supercritical CO2 extraction, and ultrasonic assisted method. The oil yield, advantages and disadvantages of different extraction processes of seabuckthorn fruit oil are compared. The functional components, health function and the development and utilization in various fields of sea buckthorn fruit oil are summarized. The paper provides theoretical basis for the development of seabuckthorn fruit oil industry.

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