Search

Na Pahernikovi gozdni posesti je mogoče spremljati učinke in uspešnost vsaj polstoletnega gospodarjenja z raznomernimi gozdovi. Na podlagi podatkov kontrolne vzorčne metode in laserskega skeniranja Slovenije smo ocenjevali strukturno pestrost gozdnih sestojev s kazalniki in indeksi sestojnih gostot, vrstne in strukturne pestrosti debelinskih razredov, sestojnih višinskih razredov in njihovih zgornjih višin. Primerjali smo rabo zemljišč v katastrskih občinah, na katerih leži Pahernikova posest (k.o. Vuhred, Planina, Orlica in Hudi Kot), v letu 1825 z letom 2017. V vseh analiziranih katastrskih občinah se je delež gozda v tem obdobju stoletja povečal, na posesti pa se je povečal za 21,4 %. Razlike v sestojnih gostotah in kazalnikih sestojne pestrosti med sestoji, kjer gozda v začetku 19. stoletja ni bilo, in sestoji na ohranjenih gozdnih zemljiščih niso statistično značilne. V prevladujočem rastiščnem tipu kisloljubno gorsko-zgornjegorsko bukovje z belkasto bekico smo ocenili za 20 % višjo lesno zalogo od primerljivih gozdov tega rastiščnega tipa na Slovenskem. Ob višjih lesnih zalogah in visokih kazalnikih debelinske pestrosti v gozdovih na Pahernikovi posesti nismo ocenili višjih sestojnih gostot SDI kot v drugih rastiščno primerljivih gozdovih. Po gradientih nadmorskih višin smo ocenili razlike v višini in zgradbi sestojne strehe, ki vplivajo na gospodarjenje znotraj posameznega rastiščnega tipa. On Pahernik's forest estate it is possible to monitor the effects and success of at least half a century of forest management with uneven-aged forests. Based on the data from the control sampling method and the laser scanning of Slovenia, we assessed the structural diversity of forest stands with indicators and indices of stand densities, species and structural diversity of the DBH classes, the stand height classes and their heights. We compared land use in cadastral municipalities where Pahernik property is located (Vuhred, Planina, Orlica and Hudi Kot) in 1825, with land use from 2017. In all of the analyzed cadastral municipalities, the forest area share in land cover grew in the period from the 19th to 21st century. Forest cover increased by 21 % between 1825 and 2014 on Pahernik property as a whole. Differences in stand densities and in stand diversity indices between the stands where forest was not present in the 19th century and the stands on persistently forested lands were not statistically significant. In the prevalent forest site type montane and altimontane Fagus sylvatica forests on silicate bedrock we estimated that growing stock was by 20 % higher than in comparable forests of this site type elsewhere in Slovenia. At higher growing stocks and high values of indices of DBH variability in forests at Pahernik's forest estate, the estimated stand densities SDI were not higher than in forests of comparable forest site types. We estimated differences in height and structure of stand canopy according to the gradients of height classes, which have an impact on forest management within the individual forest type.

Kmetovalci v Sloveniji v območjih z omejenimi možnostmi za kmetijsko dejavnost (OMD) so v Sloveniji od sredine 1980-ih upravičeni do prejemanja različnih oblik javnofinančnih podpor, s katerimi bi se preprečevalo opuščanje kmetijske rabe zemljišč. Skozi leta so se oblike javnofinančnih podpor kmetovanju za OMD spreminjale. V prvih letih izvajanja so podpore potekale v obliki naložbenih podpor za infrastrukturne izboljšave. Po osamosvojitvi Slovenije je bil vzpostavljen sistem izravnalnih plačil, namenjenih kompenzaciji za nižjo produktivnost, oziroma višje stroške kmetijske pridelave v OMD. Sprva so se izravnalna plačila izvajala v obliki proizvodno vezanih plačil, po letu 2000 pa v obliki proizvodno nevezanimi plačili. Od pristopa Slovenije k EU se OMD plačila izvajajo v okviru skupne kmetijske politike EU (SKP). V diplomskem delu so opisane tudi spremembe, ki jih lahko glede na trenutne informacije pričakujemo z novim programskim obdobjem skupne kmetijske politike EU (SKP) in spremljevalni ukrepi, ki poleg OMD plačil lahko izboljšujejo pogoje kmetovanja v OMD. Diplomsko delo zaključujemo s predlogi za boljše izvajanje, spremljanje in vrednotenje OMD plačil v prihodnje. Areas facing natural constraints (ANC) in Slovenia have been entitled for various forms of public since 1980s for continuing farming, because these areas are often attributed with natural handicaps which make farming harder. Initially, support was given in the form of government investments in infrastructure, later after independence of Slovenia in form of coupled compensatory payments and after 2000 in form of decoupled compensatory payments. After Slovenia’s accession to the EU, ANC compensatory payments have been carried out as a part of the Common agricultural policy. This B. Sc. Thesis also discusses likely changes to the Common agricultural policy and how these may affect the ANC scheme. B. Sc. Thesis concludes with a set of proposal on additional interventions that can be used for tackling viable farm income in ANC and on the improvements to the monitoring and evaluation framework.

This article presents various indices for describing the characteristics of land use and monitoring land-use change in various periods. These indices were either developed by the authors or were derived from landscape metrics. They were calculated for five selected sites of agricultural land (sites) for the time when the Franciscean Cadaster was introduced and for 2015. A comparison of the values of the indices revealed the changes in the selected sites, and the conclusions present an opinion on their suitability. It was found that the numerical values of the indices reflect visually detected changes in the graphic representation of land use, and they could therefore be introduced into the system for monitoring land-use changes. V prispevku predstavljamo indekse za opisovanje značilnosti rabe zemljišč in spremljanje sprememb rabe v različnih časovnih obdobjih. Indekse smo oblikovali samostojno ali jih prevzeli iz krajinske metrike. Izračunali smo jih za pet izbranih območij kmetijskih zemljišč (polja) v času nastanka franciscejskega katastra in v letu 2015. S primerjavo vrednosti indeksov smo na izbranih poljih ugotavljali spremembe, v zaključku pa podali mnenje o njihovi ustreznosti. Ugotovili smo, da številčne vrednosti indeksov odražajo spremembe, ki jih vizualno zaznavamo tudi pri grafični upodobitve rabe, zato menimo,da bi jih lahko vpeljali v sistem spremljanja sprememb rabe zemljišč.

V diplomski nalogi proučujemo spremembo dejanske rabe zemljišč po podatkih Ministrstva za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo in prehrano (MKGP), od leta 2002 do leta 2011, za območje severovzhodne in južne Slovenije. MKGP zajema dejansko rabo zemljišč za vse kmetijske kategorije: gozd, vode in tudi za območja pozidanih in drugih zemljišč. Slednja (pozidana in sorodna zemljišča) so bila temelj našega proučevanja. Na primeru severovzhodne in južne Slovenije smo ugotovili, da podatki ne izkazujejo trenda rasti pozidanih zemljišč, temveč celo upadanja, kar pa je v nasprotju s stanjem prostora, saj se je na obravnavanem območju izgradila avtocesta A5 Maribor - Pince, ki je gotovo povečala delež pozidanih zemljišč. Na podlagi tega in analize nekaterih poselitvenih območij smo zaključili, da metodologija zajema dejanske rabe zemljišč odločilno vpliva na delež posameznih vrst rabe v različnih časovnih presekih (2002, 2005, 2009, 2011). Z enostavno metodo presekov smo poskušali odpraviti vpliv metodologije zajema dejanske rabe zemljišč, kar pa ni mogoče. Podatki o dejanski rabi zemljišč MKGP se uporabljajo v prostorskem načrtovanju v Prikazu stanja prostora (Pravilnik o prikazu stanja prostora, UL RS, št. 33/2007), ki je obvezna strokovna podlaga pri pripravi Občinskega prostorskega načrta. Vprašljivost pravilnosti obsega dejanske rabe pozidanih zemljišč v evidenci dejanske rabe zemljišč MKGP nas napeljuje na dvom o ustreznosti uporabe teh podatkov v Prikazu stanja prostora. Ministrstvo za okolje in prostor bi moralo poskrbeti za vzpostavitev in vodenje evidence o pozidanih zemljiščih, kar bi omogočalo spremljanje sprememb v prostoru in bi bila dobra podlaga za prostorske odločitve. In the thesis we examine the change in the actual land use according to data of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food (MAFF), from 2002 until 2011, for the area of northeastern and southern Slovenia. MAFF captures all agricultural categories for actual land use: forest, water and also the built-up areas and other land. Built-up and similar lands have been the basis of our study. In the case of northeastern and southern Slovenia, we found out that the data do not show a trend of growth in built-up lands but a decline, which is in contrast with the spatial situation, considering that the highway A5 Maribor - Pince was built in the studied area, which certainly increased the portion of built-up land. On this basis, and analysis of some settlement areas, we concluded that the methodology of capturing the actual land use has a decisive influence on the specific type of use in different intersections of time (2002, 2005, 2009, 2011). With a simple method of intersections we have tried to eliminate the impact of the methodology of capturing the actual land use, but that is not possible. Data on actual land use from MAFF are used in spatial planning in the Representation of the state space (Rules of view, the state space, OJ RS, no. 33/2007), which is a required technical foundation in the preparation of background municipal spatial plan. The questionable accuracy of the extent of the actual use of built-up land in the records of the actual land use obtained from MAFF raises a doubt about the appropriateness of using these data in the Representation of the state space. Ministry of Environment and Space should establish and maintain a record of built-up land, which would allow monitoring changes in space and would be a good basis for spatial decisions.

Za vzorčno ocenjevanje rabe gozdnih zemljišč in pokrovnosti ter njunih sprememb na Slovenskem predlagamo stratificiranje prostorskih podatkov na podlagi tipologije gozdnih rastišč. Na podlagi karte rabe zemljišč in tipologije gozdnih rastišč smo ocenili prostorska merila variabilnosti za krajinske kazalce in jih primerjali s stratificiranjem po statističnih regijah. Ker gozd po površini prevladuje v 10 od 12 statističnih regij, te ne predstavljajo izhodišča za oblikovanje stratumov, s katerimi bi pojasnjevali razlike v variabilnosti deležev rabe zemljišč. S statističnimi regijami smo pojasnili 21 % skupne variance za ocenjevanje deležev kmetijske rabe in 17 % variance za delež gozda. Z razvrščanjem kilometrskih kvadratov po tipologiji gozdnih rastiščnih tipov je bil pojasnjen večji del variabilnosti kot v prostorskem merilu statističnih regij, vendar na račun velikega števila skupin oziroma 29 stratumov. Velike razlike v krajinskih kazalcih za te skupine gozdov ponazarjajo, da je prostorsko merilo za oblikovanje stratumov manjše od regionalnega. Stratification based on Slovenian forest typology has been proposed for sampling forest land-use/ land-cover data and changes over time. Using land-use map and forest typology map we evaluated geographic scales of variance for landscape-level indices and compared stratification by administrative units and regions. As forest prevails in 10 out of 12 statistical regions in terms of its surface area, these regions cannot be effective stratification tool for sampling and mapping land-use. Statistical regions accounted for 21 percent of the total variance of percent agriculture and 17 percent of total variance in amount of forest. Through the classification of quadratic 1 square kilometre tiles according to the typology of forest site types, somewhat greater proportion of total variance has been explained by stratification than on the spatial scale of statistical regions, although on the account of the high number of groups (29 strata). The great differences in fragmentation indices for these forest groups illustrate that the spatial scale for the formation of strata is smaller than the regional one.

Prihodnost Evropske unije in njena preskrba s hrano je v veliki meri odvisna od zdravja njenih naravnih ekosistemov. V skladu z načelom trajnostnega razvoja, se poskuša doseči preudarna raba vseh naravnih dobrin in sprememba v načinu ter obsegu uporabe zemljišč, kar močno vpliva na biotsko raznovrstnost in podobo evropske krajine. Predpisi za doseganje ciljev se dotikajo mnogo področij, ki so medsebojno povezana. Diplomsko delo je omejeno na kmetijski in okoljski sektor, ki imata tudi največji in neposreden vpliv pri oblikovanju zakonodaje in katerima je posvečeno tudi največ pozornosti. Za rešitev problematike degradacije ekosistemov in potrebe po zagotavljanju zadostne preskrbe s hrano, sta predstavljena dva koncepta »land sharing« in »land sparing«, ki obravnavata različen pristop glede rabe zemljišč. Na podlagi analize predpisov Evropske unije je preučena naklonjenost obema konceptoma in s tem smer razvoja okoljske in kmetijske politike. The future of European Union and its food supply is largely dependent on the health of its natural ecosystems. In accordance with the principle of sustainable development, it is trying to achieve rational utilization of natural resources of all the changes in the manner and the extent of use of land, which has a major impact on biodiversity and the landscape. The rules for achieving the objectives are touching many areas that are interconnected. The thesis of this work is limited to agricultural and environmental sector that has the greatest and direct impact in shaping legislation and therefore the most attention is devoted to those areas. To solve the issue of the degradation of ecosystems and to ensure adequate food supply, two concepts of »land sharing« and »land sparing« are being presented. These approaches are dealing with the different way of land use. European Union rules and regulations are examined in relation to these concepts and a direction of the agricultural and environmental development regarding to the concepts is being identified.

Za vzorčno ocenjevanje rabe gozdnih zemljišč in pokrovnosti ter njunih sprememb na Slovenskem predlagamo stratificiranje prostorskih podatkov na podlagi tipologije gozdnih rastišč. Na podlagi karte rabe zemljišč in tipologije gozdnih rastišč smo ocenili prostorska merila variabilnosti za krajinske kazalce in jih primerjali s stratificiranjem po statističnih regijah. Ker gozd po površini prevladuje v 10 od 12 statističnih regij, te ne predstavljajo izhodišča za oblikovanje stratumov, s katerimi bi pojasnjevali razlike v variabilnosti deležev rabe zemljišč. S statističnimi regijami smo pojasnili 21 % skupne variance za ocenjevanje deležev kmetijske rabe in 17 % variance za delež gozda. Z razvrščanjem kilometrskih kvadratov po tipologiji gozdnih rastiščnih tipov je bil pojasnjen večji del variabilnosti kot v prostorskem merilu statističnih regij, vendar na račun velikega števila skupin oziroma 29 stratumov. Velike razlike v krajinskih kazalcih za te skupine gozdov ponazarjajo, da je prostorsko merilo za oblikovanje stratumov manjše od regionalnega. Stratification based on Slovenian forest typology has been proposed for sampling forest land-use/ land-cover data and changes over time. Using land-use map and forest typology map we evaluated geographic scales of variance for landscape-level indices and compared stratification by administrative units and regions. As forest prevails in 10 out of 12 statistical regions in terms of its surface area, these regions cannot be effective stratification tool for sampling and mapping land-use. Statistical regions accounted for 21 percent of the total variance of percent agriculture and 17 percent of total variance in amount of forest. Through the classification of quadratic 1 square kilometre tiles according to the typology of forest site types, somewhat greater proportion of total variance has been explained by stratification than on the spatial scale of statistical regions, although on the account of the high number of groups (29 strata). The great differences in fragmentation indices for these forest groups illustrate that the spatial scale for the formation of strata is smaller than the regional one.

V okviru diplomske naloge smo analizirali spremembe pokritosti zemljišč na komasacijskem območju Vihre, ki so nastale zaradi postopka komasacije. Z nalogo smo prikazali, da je možno s prosto dostopnimi programskimi rešitvami uspešno izvesti prostorske analize v ta namen. Uvodni del naloge vključuje teoretične osnove obdelave podob daljinskega zaznavanja na eni, kakor tudi bistvene informacije o sami komasaciji na drugi strani. Predstavljeni so pomen in nujnost ohranjanja specifičnih ekosistemov v kmetijski krajini ter prednosti, ki jih le-ti prinašajo kmetijstvu, kakor tudi kmetijski krajini kot celoti. Med pomembne elemente kmetijske krajine spadajo žive meje in osamela drevesa, na katere smo bili pri analizi še posebej pozorni. Praktični del smo opravili s pomočjo prosto dostopnega programa SPRING. Vhodne podatke za analizo so predstavljali ortofoti iz obdobja pred in po komasaciji. Pri tem smo se osredotočili predvsem na identificiranje območij visoke vegetacije pred in po komasaciji ter spremembe poljskih poti. Ugotovili smo, da je postopek komasacije pomenil predvsem intenzifikacijo rabe zemljišč glede na stanje pred komasacijo. The thesis presents the results of the analyses of land cover change due to land consolidation, which was conducted for the study area of Vihre. The results show the success of spatial analysis for this purpose using free available software solutions. The introductory part includes both, the theoretical basis of the image processing in the field of remote sensing, and basic information about land consolidation. Additionally, the necessity and importance of preserving specific ecosystems in the agriculture landscape are presented, as well as advantages of the preserving measures for the agriculture and agricultural landscape itself. Among important elements of the agricultural landscape, hedges and individual trees have to be outlined, which have got a special attention during our research. The practical part of the research was carried out using the software solution SPRING, available as a freeware. The input data for the analysis of land cover before and after land consolidation were the orthophotos. The emphasis was on identification of the areas with high vegetation before and after land consolidation, and on modifications of field paths. It has been shown that land consolidation, above all, is associated with the intensification of land use.

V diplomskem delu smo predstavili arhivska gradiva franciscejskega katastra za Štajersko in preverili uporabnost teh podatkov za rekonstrukcijo stanja v prostoru ter izvedli analizo sprememb v prostoru. Teoretični del naloge sestavlja kratek pregled zgodovine zemljiškega katastra po svetu in v Sloveniji ter predstavitev grafičnega in pisnega operata takratnega katastra. Analitično je obravnavano območje katastrske občine Destrnik, kjer smo preverjali spremembe v prostoru med stanjem v letu 1824 (podatki franciscejskega katastra) in današnjim stanjem (podatki zemljiškega katastra iz leta 2014) ter spremembe v prostoru v zadnjih dvanajstih letih (2002–2014). V ta namen smo izvedli primerjalne analize rabe zemljišč, parcelne strukture in izdelali karto območja ledin. Za izvedbo analiz in izdelavo tematskih kart smo uporabili programsko orodje ArcGIS 10.2. Ugotovili smo, da se je na obravnavanem območju v rabi zemljišč in tudi v parcelni strukturi zemljišč v zadnjih dveh stoletjih zgodilo veliko sprememb. Rezultati so predstavljeni grafično v obliki tematskih kart in numerično v preglednicah. This graduation thesis includes a presentation of archived documents of the Styrian Franziscean Land Cadastre, a verification of the usefulness of this data for reconstruction of the geospatial situation in the region, and an analysis of changes there. The theoretical part of the graduation thesis is composed of a short review of the worldwide and Slovenian land cadastre history, and a presentation of the graphic and attribute elements of the cadastre from that period. The analysis was conducted in the area of the Cadastral Community of Destrnik, where spatial changes in the area were examined, comparing the situation in 1824 (data from the Franziscean Land Cadastre) to the current situation (data from the land cadastre from 2014), and establishing changes in the period of last twelve years (2002–2014). For that purpose, a comparative analysis of land use and land plot structure was carried out, and map of fallows was made. The software tool ArcGIS 10.2 was used for the analysis and creation of thematic maps. The main findings are that there have been many changes in land use and plot structure in the last few centuries in the analysed area. The results are presented graphically using thematic maps, and numerically in tables.

V diplomski nalogi smo za študijsko območje, ki zajema območje k.o. Ždinja vas, analizirali spremembo stanja v prostoru, kjer smo primerjali stanje v času nastanka franciscejskega katastra (1826) in današnje stanje. V ta namen smo uporabili arhivsko gradivo ter podatke iz današnjih uradnih evidenc (zemljiški kataster, evidenca dejanske rabe kmetijskih in gozdnih zemljišč, kataster stavb). V diplomskem delu je najprej kratka predstavitev franciscejskega katastrskega operata, temu pa sledi predstavitev rezultatov analiz. Za analitično območje smo opravili primerjalno analizo spremembe parcelne strukture in primerjalne analize spremembe rabe zemljišč na osnovi podatkov franciscejskega katastra in najnovejših podatkov uradnih evidenc. Z rezultati analitičnega dela smo lahko potrdili domnevo, da je na študijskem območju v preteklih dveh stoletjih prišlo do velikih sprememb. Te se odražajo v večjem številu parcel glede na stanje v času nastanka franciscejskega katastra ter v spremembi rabe zemljišč na obravnavanem območju, predvsem kot širjenje pozidanega območja in opuščanje kmetijskih zemljišč, veliko spremembo v prostoru pa je povzročila tudi izgradnja avtoceste. In this diploma thesis we have analysed the changes in the space for the study area, which is the cadastral community of Ždinja vas, where a comparison between spatial patterns in the time of establishment of the Franziscean land cadastre (1826) and today has been conducted. For this purpose, we used the archived documents of Franziscean land cadastre and the latest data from the official registers (data from the land cadastre, the land use evidence and the building cadastre). The thesis includes the brief presentation of the Franziscean land cadastre, followed by the presentation of the results of analyses. For analytical area we conducted a comparative analysis of changes in plot structure and a comparative analysis of land-use change based on the Franziscean land cadastral data and current official land evidences. Based on the results of the analytical part of our thesis we were able to confirm the assumption that the study area over the past two centuries led to major changes. These are reflected in the today’s increased number of land plots compared to the number from the time of occurrence of Franziscean land cadastre. Furthermore, land use changes in this area are obvious in the analysed period, particularly as the expansion of built-up area and the abandonment of agricultural land. Significant change in the rural space has also been caused by construction of the highway.

V okviru diplomske naloge smo analizirali spremembe katastrske rabe zemljišč v katastrski občini Šentrupert na podlagi podatkov franciscejskega katastra in novejših evidenc rabe zemljišč. Teoretični del naloge vključuje opis ključnih značilnosti franciscejskega katastra in pregled zakonodaje, ki se nanaša na podatke o rabi zemljišč. V analitičnem delu smo analizirali sistem ledin v času nastanka franciscejskega katastra ter proučevali spremembe parcelne strukture, primerjali pozidavo in na splošno rabo zemljišč med stanjem na začetku 19. stoletja po podatkih franciscejskega katastra in današnjim stanjem. Razvidno je, da današnje zbirke zemljiških podatkov o rabi zemljišč niso tako dobre, kot bi pričakovali, ker niso primerno vzdrževane oziroma je sama zasnova zbirk prilagojena drugim potrebam (ne katastrskim). Kljub temu lahko za študijsko območje zaključimo, da se za kmetijstvo uporabne površine in pašniki zaraščajo, obdelane njive pa postajajo travniki. Na podlagi naloge smo ugotovili, da ima franciscejski kataster zgodovinsko vrednost za vsako državo, saj je primeren za različne analize stanja prostora v času njegovega nastanka. In this diploma thesis we have studied changes of the cadastral land use in the cadastral community of Šentrupert based on land use data from the Franziscean land cadastre and current data on land use in the area. The theoretical part of the thesis includes a brief presentation of the Franzicsean land cadastre and an overview of the legislation, related to land use data. In analytical part, the field names system in the Franziscean land cadastre has been analysed. Furthermore, the changes of land plots’ structure has been studies, and the built-up areas and land use in general has been compared between the situation in the beginning of the 19th century as recorded in the Franziscean land cadastre and current situation. It has been shown, that the current land use data are not of as high quality as it is expected, due to unsufficient update or the concept of databases is adjusted to other needs (non-cadastral). Nevertheless, for the study area it can be concluded, that the agricultural land in use and pastures are becoming overgrown, fields are getting meadows. On the basis of our study we can further conclude that the Franziscean land cadastre has an important historical value for every country, since it is appropriate for different analyses of spatial situation in the time of its formation.

Namen diplomske naloge je analiza arhivskega gradiva franciscejskega katastra za območje k.o. Koprivna, s pomočjo katerega smo grafično prikazali in analizirali stanje prostora iz leta 1826. Posebnost študijskega območja je lega ob slovensko–avstrijski državni meji, katere vzpostavitev je vplivala na spremembo mej katastrskih občin. V teoretičnem delu diplome je predstavljena zgodovina franciscejskega katastra in določitev državne meje. Predstavimo tudi različne materializacije mejnih točk na terenu, posebej za posestne in državne meje. V analitičnem delu smo stanje rabe prostora v začetku 19. stoletja primerjali z današnjim stanjem. Za podatke o današnjem stanju parcel smo uporabili zemljiški kataster iz leta 2014, za primerjavo rabe pa podatek o dejanski rabi z Ministrstva za kmetijstvo in okolje Republike Slovenije. Posebej smo analizirali spremembo parcelne strukture in spremembo rabe zemljišč. V okviru študijskega primera smo nadalje ugotavljali, ali lahko arhivsko gradivo koristi pri postopku urejanja lastninske meje, ki leži ob državni meji. Rezultati analize so potrdili naše domneve, da se je v dveh stoletjih stanje prostora spremenilo in da je poznavanje arhivskega gradiva pomembno pri določevanju parcelnih meja v bližini državne meje. The aim of the diploma thesis is the analysis of the archival material of the Franziscean cadastre in the cadastral community of Koprivna, where we have graphically represented and analysed the main characteristics of the space in1826. The particularity of this study area is the location along the Slovenian-Austrian state border, the establishments of which affected the change of the boundaries of cadastral communities. In the theoretical part of the diploma thesis, we present the history of the Franziscean cadastre and the demarcation of the studied state border. We also introduce a variety of milestones materializations on the ground, specifically for proprietary and national borders. In the analytical part, we compared the current land use and property structure with the situation in the beginning of the 19th century. For the current property structure, we used data from the land cadastre in 2014 for comparison of land use, we used data on actual land use, provided by the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment of the Republic of Slovenia. The change of property (land plots’) structure and the change of land use have been analysed. Within the case study, we analysed whether the archives are useful in the process of determining property i.e. land plots’ boundaries, which lie along the state border. The result of comparative analysis have confirmed our initial hypothesis that the characteristics of land use have changed in the last two centuries and that knowledge of archives is important for determination of land plot boundaries at the state border.

Namen diplomske naloge je analizirati strukturo stavbnih zemljišč v občini Prebold na podlagi podatkov v prostorskem aktu in pripadajoče evidence parcel. Najprej je opravljena analiza strukture zemljišč v celoti, sledi podrobnejša analiza strukture stavbnih zemljišč po podatkih iz prostorskega akta. Upoštevajoč kriterije veljavnega pravnega predpisa in stanja na terenu, so na izbranem območju določena zemljišča za gradnjo stavb. Na podlagi analize površin izdanih gradbenih dovoljenj v obdobju 2010–2013 so ocenjene potrebe po zemljiščih za gradnjo stavb v kratkoročnem obdobju, izvedena je primerjava z obsegom stavbnih zemljišč v prostorskem aktu in z zemljišči, določenimi za gradnjo stavb. Ugotovljeno je, da je v občini Prebold 328,6 ha stavbnih zemljišč, od tega 293,3 ha zazidanih stavbnih zemljišč in 35,3 ha nezazidanih stavbnih zemljišč. V obdobju od 1. 1. 2010 do 31. 12. 2013 se je po podatkih iz gradbenih dovoljenj gradilo na 4,9 ha nezazidanih stavbnih zemljišč: na 4,1 ha zemljišč nestanovanjski objekti in na 0,8 ha stanovanjski objekti. Upoštevajoč predpostavko, da se povprečna letna površina na novo zazidanih stavbnih zemljišč v prihodnje ne bo bistveno spremenila, znaša potrebna povprečna letna površina stavbnih zemljišč za gradnjo stavb 1,2 ha, od tega 0,2 ha stavbnih zemljišč za stanovanjsko rabo. Trenutne zaloge nezazidanih stavbnih zemljišč, ki znašajo 35,3 ha, z letno porabo 1,2 ha, zadoščajo za naslednjih 28 let. Trenutne zaloge nezazidanih stavbnih zemljišč, namenjenih za stanovanjsko rabo, v obsegu 28,1 ha in z letno porabo 0,2 ha, ob enaki intenzivnosti gradnje stanovanjskih stavb kot v zadnjih štirih letih, pa zadoščajo za naslednjih 99 let. The purpose of the thesis is to analyse the structure of urban land in the municipality of Prebold based on the data from the spatial planning document and from the related plots. First of all we did an analysis of the structure of the entire land, followed by a detailed analysis of the structure of urban land according to data from the spatial planning act. Taking into account the criteria set out in the applicable legal provisions and conditions on the ground are in a given area of land designated for construction of buildings. Based on the analysis of surfaces of building permits issued during the 2010 - 2013 we estimated the demand for land for construction of buildings in the short term, made the comparison to the volume of building in the spatial planning document and to the land identified for construction of buildings. It is noted that in the municipality of Prebold we have 328.6 hectares of building land 293.3 ha of built-up urban land and 35.3 hectares of undeveloped building land. During the first of January 2010 and thirty-first December 2013, according to data from building permits, it was built on 4.9 hectares of undeveloped building land: 4.1 ha residential buildings and 0.8 hectares of residential buildings. Taking into account the assumption that the annual average area of newly built-up urban land in the future will not change significantly, the necessary average annual area of building land for building is 1.2 hectares, of which 0.2 ha of urban land for residential use. The current inventory of vacant building land, total 35.3 hectares, with an annual consumption of 1.2 ha, is sufficient for a further 28 years. The current inventory of vacant building land intended for residential use, to the extent of 28.1 hectares and an annual consumption of 0.2 ha, with the same intensity construction of residential buildings such as the last four years, is sufficient for a further 99 years.

Ugotovitve v knjigi temeljijo na dejstvu, da zemljišča predstavljajo veliko nacionalno javno dobrino oz. kapital (v polnem pomenu te besede) od katerega mora imeti koristi celotna družba na vseh ravneh in vsi sektorji (prostorsko planiranje, gradbeništvo, kmetijstvo, turizem, varstvo okolja, itn.) in ne le posamezniki. Za ugotovljanje trenutne vrednost kot tudi povečane vrednosti zemljišča ima zasluge celotna družba, le v manjši meri lastnik zemljišča. V obstoječem sistemu rabe zemljišč pa vso korist od zemljišča in povečane vrednosti si lasti izključno posameznik.

Potreba po obravnavanju in spodbujanju kmetijstva v Občini Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici izhaja iz dejstva, da je to del Pomurja, ki je s strateškega vidika najpomembnejše območje za proizvodnjo hrane v Sloveniji. Kmetijstvo je v Občini Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici temeljna gospodarska dejavnost. Ugodne naravnogeografske razmere omogočajo, da se v območju ravninskega dela po večini kmečko prebivalstvo ukvarja s poljedelstvom in živinorejo, v gričevnatem delu tudi z vinogradništvom. Velik pomen kmetijstva se kaže v precejšnem deležu kmetijskih zemljišč in deležu kmečkega prebivalstva. A need for dealing with and encouraging agriculture in the municipality Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici arises from the fact that this is a part of Pomurje, which is strategically the most important region for food production in Slovenia. Agriculture is the basic economic activity in the municipality Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici. Advantageous natural geographic features enable that the main occupation of the rural population in the flat country are agriculture and stockbreeding, in the hilly land also wine growing. The big importance of agriculture is shown in a pretty large part of agricultural land and a large part of rural population.