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Multi-user collaborative robotic simulation has great potential for applications in industry and education. Unity is a powerful software for simulation and online multi-user experience, which can be enhanced with third-party mathematical analysis and multiplayer servers. Unity can become a much more capable and user-friendly robotic simulation package through integration with other software. These include MATLAB for computations and the Photon Unity Engine (PUN) for online multi-user capabilities. This study developed a flexible robotic simulation framework that can be adapted to different scenarios for industrial and educational applications. Several simulation scenarios were developed to identify the most efficient data communication methods between MATLAB and Unity. TCP/IP, Shared Memory, Firebase, and MQTT, were selected to assess their performance and interaction with data in Unity and MATLAB. Next, an independent PUN application was created. Both components were integrated into the simulator for evaluation and performance optimization. The performance of this simulation framework was assessed through two case studies. The results demonstrated that the integrated framework is viable, efficient, and flexible for robotic simulation and digital twins. Future research will expand the framework by adding diverse functionalities to provide users with a better interface, enhancing its performance, and integrating additional software packages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poet and musician with a background in jazz and blues, member of The Four Horsemen and of Michael Snow’s CCMC, and vocal performer for R. Murray Schafer, in his aural work Paul Dutton stages the split, plural linguistic identity of the Canadian subject. In texts for solo performance, he builds his sound poetry in the interstitial space between music, linguistics and the semantisation of the human voice, while locating his probe of the phonatory system in the realm of clicks, diplo- and triplophonies, animal verses, silence.

The article studies an unusual type of shortening known in English linguistics as telescope words. It is well known that Lewis Carroll was the first to introduce this new type of shortening and defined it using the term telescope words. It was one of his purposes to create a pun. Later this type of word formation proved to be highly productive in the English language. Some linguists suggest that this phenomenon is based on an incidental slip of the tongue and blending of one or two sounds of the full prototype’s clipped components in free speech. Other linguists believe that telescope words are simply blends, but it is not exactly so because the two groups are different from the point of view of their formation. Telescoping is a two-stage process which involves clipping of the final part of the fi rst component of a two-word group and the initial component of the second on the second stage. Unlike blending these parts of a new formation are joined by a morphemic seam. The empiric evidence suggests that telescope shortenings are widely used not only in fiction, but also in slang, advertising slogans and mass media. They are usually a part of the intended pun. It is worth mentioning that the Russian language borrows a lot of English words, many of which get assimilated on different levels and then enrich its vocabulary. Nowadays among English borrowings there appear some telescope words, which are used to nominate new objects and phenomena of reality. One of such examples is the widely used telescope word of the English origin – glamping. Telescoping as a special type of lexical shortening (clipping) was borrowed by the Russian language, resulting in the formation of some Russian telescope words, for example, банкомат (ATM), паркомат (parking meter) and some other words.

This paper offers a new reading of Q 2:58–59 by way of Muqātil ibn Sulaymān's Tafsīr and its use of the Hebrew Bible and Jewish or possibly Christian traditions. While the scholarly study of the Qurʾān in its late antique context has often been ambivalent toward medieval Arabic tafsīr, this paper uses the testimony of the tafsīr corpus on a single mysterious passage to reconstruct a plausible meaning in its original Qurʾānic milieu and shed light on the exegetical intimacies of Jews, Christians, and Muslims in the first Hijri centuries. Q 2:58–59 contain a puzzling pericope about God punishing the Israelites because they substituted one word, which God had commanded them to say, with another. The word God commanded them to say, ḥiṭṭa, does not represent any Arabic word that makes good sense in context. The word they substituted is never specified. Later Arabic exegetes were thus puzzled by the passage and proposed many different solutions. The paper closely analyzes Muqātil ibn Sulaymān's reading of the relevant passage in light of biblical intertexts and Jewish or Christian traditions, yielding an interpretation of this passage with reference to a perfidious pun on the words for "sin" and "grain" that works in Aramaic or possibly Hebrew, but not in Arabic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we aim to investigate the comic potential of backronyms in French. Backronym are a linguistic phenomenon in which established acronyms are ingeniously reinterpreted to produce a comic effect. The study explores the underlying mechanisms that make backronyms effective in generating humour, highlighting their ability to play with the original meaning of acronyms. By analyzing various examples, the article highlights the transformative impact of backronyms on language and humour. It explores the creative process involved in creating these linguistic transformations and highlights the role of wordplay in conditioning laughter. Finally, the study acknowledges backronyms as a fascinating linguistic expression that adds a comic dimension to everyday communication, emphasising the dynamic and inventive nature of language evolution.

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The talmudic narrative about a gentile who approaches Shammai and Hillel desiring to be taught the entire Torah "on one foot" (bShab 31a) has been claimed to be based on a bilingual (Hebrew-Latin) pun. This short-form essay examines this claim and demonstrates that the double entendre may be more elaborate than has been argued in the past, and may involve three languages rather than two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es demostrar que la cantiga de Alfonso Álvarez de Villasandino PN1–17 (ID1164, "As doncellas denle onor"), no está dedicada a Juana de Sosa, manceba de Enrique III, a pesar de lo que indica la rúbrica que la encabeza, sino a Leonor de Trastámara, hija de Enrique II y esposa de Carlos III de Navarra. Para llegar a esta conclusión se examinan tres elementos de la composición: el calambur del primer verso, que desvela el nombre de la dama, la mención de la flor de lis como referencia heráldica en el segundo verso y las inserciones alóglotas (francesas u occitánicas) que aparecen a lo largo del texto. El resultado de este análisis permitirá incluir alguna cantiga más dentro del conjunto de composiciones dedicadas a Leonor de Trastámara y proponer, además, una datación para el ciclo en su conjunto. The aim of the present work is to demonstrate that the cantiga by Alfonso Álvarez de Villasandino PN1–17 (ID1164, "As donçellas denle onor"), is not dedicated to Juana de Sosa, the manceba of Enrique III, but to Leonor de Trastamara, daughter of Enrique II and wife of Carlos III of Navarra, despite what the rubric indicates. Three elements of the composition are examined to reach this conclusion: the pun of the first line, which reveals the name of the lady, the mention of the fleur–de–lis as a heraldic reference in the second line, and the alloglot insertions (French or Occitan) that appear throughout the text. The result of this analysis will make it possible to include some more cantiga within the set of compositions dedicated to Leonor de Trastámara and also propose a dating for the cycle as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dajare is a kind of Japanese wordplay in which a bad or unfunny joke is created by using the same or similar-sounding phrases or words. This uniqueness makes dajare interesting to analyze further in terms of its grammatical meaning of punning phrase dajare. The source of the data used in this study is a YouTube channel about Japanese prefectures. Dajare about prefectures would be very helpful in memorizing the names of Japanese prefectures. Based on that, this study aims to describe the meaning of punning phrase dajare on the Shakishakinashi-zu YouTube channel. Researchers use the theory of grammatical meaning by Sutedi. As a guideline, a qualitative descriptive method was used to analyze the data in this study. In this study, 42 of the 47 total data had grammatical meaning. The punny phrase dajare about Japanese prefectures was found to use the most grammatical meanings of the types of formation of language units found in 19 data, followed by 16 affixation data, 4 compounding data, and 2 reduplication data.

The paper proposes viewing intralinguistic factors inherent in the source and target languages as strictly given organized systems, being effective means in recreating the original’s various stylistic peculiarities in its translated version and in attaining its stylistic equivalence. The detailed analysis of the factual material, represented in the form of parallel textual excerpts borrowed from an American satirical novel and its published translation incorporating stylistically marked lexical units, is carried out on the basis of their resemblance erroneously established by the translator, which proved to be far from the equivalent one. The analyzed examples of translational means and transformations aimed at stylistic adequacy are grouped according to intralinguistic units, as well as a specific stylistic instrument used in the original or in the translation such as combinatorial discrepancy, pun, alliteration, lexical repetition. Apart from purely stylistic aspects, the authors also consider accompanying semantic and specific national features of the original – either erroneously understood and therefore inadequately translated or absent in the translation. All this taken as a whole, and the distortion of the stylistic coloring of the original first and foremost, cast doubt on the plausibility of the described situations and the characters’ speech characteristics, inevitably resulting in inadequate translation. In the accompanying commentaries the unsuccessful variants are opposed by the authors’ own stylistic equivalents that could have been attained with the help of the translational means and transformations based, among others, on the intralinguistic factors, showing the capacity to solve translational tasks to successfully render the stylistic peculiarities of the original.

Translators often stress the difficulty of translating humour, which is generally considered to be specific to a particular culture. In the case of La Recherche, this cultural dimension of humour is compounded by the very specific nature of Proustian humour, which is often subtle and even elitist. The strategies employed by the translators of the six complete translations of La Recherche are manifold, and it will simply be a matter of asking whether Proust is/can be funny in Spanish.

This study examines the process of reading polycode advertising posters, focusing in particular on the effect of a pun in the headline. The pun, or a sequence of lexical items that can be perceived as ambiguous, is contained in the headline and different meanings of this sequence are supported by the picture and text. The results of the preliminary experiment showed that advertisements with puns are rated as more attractive, original, effective and positive compared to advertisements without puns. We hypothesized that puns in the headlines increase cognitive effort in processing posters, leading to higher evaluations. The main experiment tested this and examined differences in eye movement when reading posters with and without puns. Fifty-five Russian participants viewed advertisements while their eye movements were recorded. Our results showed no fundamental differences in the general pattern of viewing advertisement posters with and without puns. We found that readers start to perceive polycode advertisements from the text and spend more time reading the text than looking at an image. These findings shed light on how attention is distributed between verbal and non-verbal components of polycode texts, and which type of poster is more effective for information retrieval at different processing levels.

In Catullus 50, after an enjoyable day writing poetry with Licinius Calvus, the poet warns his friend not to ignore him lest Nemesis punish him for it, ne poenas Nemesis reposcat a te ('lest Nemesis demand punishment from you'). It will be proposed in this article that, in keeping with neoteric ideals, Catullus is playing on the phrase a te to create a bilingual pun on the Greek word ἄτη 'delusion', 'mental blindness (often divinely sent)'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a gradual deterioration of dopaminergic neurons, leading to motor impairments. Social isolation (SI), a recognized stressor, has recently gained attention as a potential influencing factor in the progress of neurodegenerative illnesses. We aimed to investigate the intricate relationship between SI and PD progression, both independently and in the presence of manganese chloride (MnCl2), while evaluating the punicalagin (PUN) therapeutic effects, a natural compound established for its cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. In this five-week experiment, seven groups of male albino rats were organized: G1 (normal control), G2 (SI), G3 (MnCl2), G4 (SI + MnCl2), G5 (SI + PUN), G6 (MnCl2 + PUN), and G7 (SI + PUN + MnCl2). The results revealed significant changes in behavior, biochemistry, and histopathology in rats exposed to SI and/or MnCl2, with the most pronounced effects detected in the SI rats concurrently exposed to MnCl2. These effects were associated with augmented oxidative stress biomarkers and reduced antioxidant activity of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Additionally, inflammatory pathways (HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4/NF-ᴋB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 and JAK-2/STAT-3) were upregulated, while dysregulation of signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/CREB), sustained endoplasmic reticulum stress by activation PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2, and impaired autophagy (AMPK/SIRT-1/Beclin-1 axis) were observed. Apoptosis induction and a decrease in monoamine levels were also noted. Remarkably, treatment with PUN effectively alleviated behaviour, histopathological changes, and biochemical alterations induced by SI and/or MnCl2. These findings emphasize the role of SI in PD progress and propose PUN as a potential therapeutic intervention to mitigate PD. PUN's mechanisms of action involve modulation of pathways such as HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4/NF-ᴋB/NLRP3/Caspase-1, JAK-2/STAT-3, PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/CREB, AMPK/SIRT-1, Nrf2/HO-1, and PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With humor, which has long been known as a coping mechanism in extreme crises, punning memes, armed with words and images, have become weapons of ‘mass disruption’ influencing the hearts and minds of a target audience. This invites the examination of how memes detailing Russian-Ukrainian war employ verbo-visual puns as a strategic tool of information warfare to counter president Putin’s military aggression and misleading political messaging. This article1 proposes an interdisciplinary template for the analysis of puns drawing on multimodal social semiotics, cognitive linguistics, critical discourse analysis and crisis communication analysis. The data sampled for this research comprises 87 memes about Russian-Ukrainian war that employ verbo-visual puns with 6 cases described in this paper. The article proposes a taxonomy, in which verbo-visual puns can be classified in accordance with mechanisms that are used to classify wordplay (homonymy, polysemy, and paronymy). Evidence is thus provided to show that this typology is applicable to the taxonomy of multimodal signs as well. The results of this research reveal cognitive and semiotic triggers of puns as well as their potential to serve as a tool generating public reaction to Russia’s military aggression in Ukraine and reaching the intended goals of crisis communication.

Copyright of Miedzy Oryginalem a Przekladem is the property of Ksiegarnia Akademicka Sp. zo.o and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

(UN)TRANSLATABLE: RECENT FRENCH TRANSLATION STUDIES ON FROZEN EXPRESSIONS AND PUNS Frozen expressions and puns can be compared in terms of translation solutions. As plural elements and because of their idiomaticity and cultural charge, they have long been considered as « untranslatable ». However, recent translation studies have focused on these textual objects, proposing several solutions. We will draw on recent studies and some older ones to illustrate the techniques the translator can adopt. The sharing of knowledge and translation practices between different fields is always fruitful: when faced with a frozen expression or a pun, the translator often encounters the same problems, so similar solutions could be adopted. The intersection of descriptive and normative approaches helps to define translation solutions for these plural and resistant textual objects.

The pun, also called wordplay, is both a pervasive form of humor and a stumbling block for translators. The pun relieson the very matter of words, the signifier, as much as on meaning, usually meanings; it relies on oddities and coincidences in one particular language system, hence its supposed untranslatability. Nevertheless, translators do have a few resources available, which might involve sacrificing strict semantic fidelity, a procedure on the limit between translation and adaptation. This article sets out to present theory on puns, in themselves and in translation, and that theory will then be applied to an exploration of puns in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, including how they fare in a set of Brazilian translations.

The translation is one of the most crucial and great cross-lingual and multicultural practices. One of these practices is the translation of Arabic puns into English in general and Quranic Arabic pun tawriya in particular which are the most vivid and sparkling parts of any tongue. Rendering Quranic Arabic pun tawriya into English increases many critical stylistic and cultural problems and challenges in renderings; these problems and challenges are attributable to the varying renditions of Arabic and English puns and the misunderstandings between the obvious references of a pun with obscure references, which could lead to a predetermined amount of ambiguity. This research paper assays to search stylistic and cultural problems confronted in translating Quranic Arabic pun tawriya التورية into English and to determine the translation procedures exerted in rendering the Quranic Arabic puns from Arabic into English. The study displayed translating the Quranic Arabic pun tawriya التورية into English and the equivalence of this Qur'anic Arabic pun is arduous and tricky. The results of the research paper also revealed that literal translation, zero translation, and a pun to non-pun translation are not always relevant and apt for rendering Quranic Arabic pun tawriya التورية into English because they have not efficiently maintained the dual meaning of the Qur'anic Arabic pun (QAP) into the Qur'an English pun (QEP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a rhetorical perspective, the article takes the puns in Xi You Ji (Journey to the West) and its two English translations as the object of study and divides the puns into three categories: homonymy, homophony, and paronomasia puns respectively. The two translations deal with the three types of puns in very different ways. Yu's translation deals with the puns in the original by the strategy of direct translation or phonetic translation with annotations, which largely compensates for the lack of puns when they are transformed in a foreign context. While Jenner's translation mostly adopts the direct translation strategy, and only a few puns have been translated with annotations. The translations of the typical puns in the original text are comparable between the two translations, and both of them try to achieve phonetic, meaning, and morphological equivalence with the original text. However, from an overall perspective, the richness of translation and compensation in Jenner's translation is much inferior to those in Yu's translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

В статье рассматриваются примеры многоуровневого идейно-эстетического соответствия романов Джона Апдайка «Месяц воскресений» (1974 г.) и знаменитого романа Владимира Набокова «Лолита» (1955 г.). Исследование прослеживает параллели в элементах сюжета, мотивике, создании образов главных героев, стилистике повествования. Принимая во внимание приверженность Апдайка писательскому таланту Набокова и одобрительным отзывам русско-американского гения о работах молодого автора, в статье делается вывод о том, что «подражание» набоковскому стилю в «Месяце воскресений» является сознательным и принципиальным, и преследует целью углубить понимание читателем данного романа за счет привлечения интертекстуальных реминисценций и смыслов.

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Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the 'Carol I' National Defence University / Buletinul Universitatii Nationale de Aparare 'Carol I' is the property of Carol I National Defence University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the shunt compensation performance of quasi-Z-source inverter (QZSI) and back to back connected QZSIs (BB-QZSI) to address the power quality (PQ) issues in the three-phase three-wire power utility network (PUN). Generally, these PQ issues are poor voltage regulation, low power factor (PF), source current distortion, unbalanced voltage, etc. The proposed BBQZSI-based distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) consists of two QZSIs with a common dc-link capacitor. Because the QZSI could achieve buck/boost conversion as well as DC to AC inversion in a single-stage and the back to back configuration decreases the system down time cost (if a fault occurs in one QZSI the other can continue the shunt compensation). Particularly, icos ϕ control algorithmcontrol algorithm is implemented to generate proper switching pulses for the switches of DSTATCOM. The effectiveness of the BB-QZSI is verified through simulation studies over QZSI using MATLAB/Simulink software satisfying the recommended grid code.

Romeʼs fiercest enemy, the one who defeated Rome on its own in the Second Punic War, Hannibalus was one of the most special warriors of all time, so we can call the Second Punic War, his war. It was through all the actions he really took his war with Rome, both after all the outstanding theories about the war, but especially by the fact that the talented Carthaginian general defeated Rome at her home, shattering the myth of her invincibility, as a city of Mars. We are not wrong when we claim that Hannibal would have defeated the god of war in this conflict as well.From the beginning of military hostilities to their end, the perfect strategist of the Puns fully controlled the theatre of operations, even being its sole director, putting his enemy, Rome, in the most disastrous situation of all time. Basically, Hannibal eliminated the echelon of command of the Roman army, but also the Roman army that is shattered in three successive battles at Trebia, Trasimenus and Cannae, ending up threatening Rome itself through the famous ante portas episode. Even though Hannibalʼs war did not result in Hannibal’s peace, the intention of the brilliant general was to eliminate Rome as an armed force and economic strength, an objective fully accomplished during the military operations. The detail that eluded him was the Roman tenacity, the one that stole his peace, but Hannibal has entirely the paternity of the second war between the Puns and the Romans, being to this day a genius of the art of war, unmatched yet.

Simple Summary: This work aims to address the use of biomarkers that can provide us with information on the previous nutrition levels of wild rabbits, a keystone species that has drastically reduced in the last few years. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), plasmatic urea nitrogen (PUN), albumin, glutamate and total protein metabolites were analysed. Additionally, we examined the potential of these metabolites as biomarkers for the nutritional and conservation status of European rabbits to further the biological knowledge of this species and contribute to its conservation. European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) populations have drastically reduced, and recently, rabbits have been classed as "endangered" by the IUCN. This animal plays an important ecological role in Mediterranean ecosystems and its introduction could significantly contribute to ecological restoration. Rabbits have high nutrient requirements that apparently cannot be covered in all ecosystems, and there are clues that nutrition can limit their abundance and density. On the other hand, some studies reflect the effects of food availability on the metabolomic status of other animal species, but there are no specific studies on this keystone species. The main aim of this work is to find biomarkers to assess the previous levels of ingestion of European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). To address this gap, gastric content and blood samples were collected from European rabbits (n = 99) in a Mediterranean area for the analysis of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), plasmatic urea nitrogen (PUN), albumin, glutamate and total protein metabolites. Depending on their previous feed intake (gastric content and the ratio between the gastric content and the weight of the animal), the animals were divided into two groups (lower and normal previous feed intake). Our work shows that the metabolomic profiles of the animals were affected. Levels of glucose (+82%; p = 0.0003), NEFA (−61%; p = 0.0040) and PUN (+139%; p < 0.001) were different in the animals with lower previous feed intake than the animals with normal previous feed intake. This work summarises that metabolic phenotype can be interesting when seeking to discover the limiting nutrients and food availability in diets that could affect the ecological fitness and conservation of European wild rabbits. It is important to mention that in this work, only the effects on six different metabolites have been analysed and more studies are necessary to complement the knowledge of possible metabolites that indicate the level of ingestion in this species and others. These (and new) biomarkers could be used as a tool to provide information about individual or population characteristics that other physiological parameters cannot detect, improving the conservation physiology field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pa pa pa is a 1980s Chinese novella. It is a work belonging to China’s “root-seeking literature”, which looks into society’s hopeless collapse and chaos. Its author, Han Shaogong, expresses ideas through his imagination and a colloquial language close to readers and full of wordplays/puns. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms of wordplay, the translation techniques adopted and whether the translation keeps the original function of wordplay in the source-language text. As the basis of the definition and categories for the wordplay we used Delabastita (1996) and Hsu (2013), and we also consulted Marco (2010), Wang (2012) and Xu (2013) for contrast; we also used Hurtado Albir’s (2013) translation techniques for analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how participants in Korean media talk, specifically talk show interviews, interactively construct puns as and through joint actions. Going beyond puns as humorous wordplay, the study illustrates their interactional and pragmatic functions. A close examination of the sequential positions and interactional contexts of puns in 16 different interviews shows that they recurrently emerge when participants are placed, socially or interactionally, in delicate or difficult situations. Through puns, the participants not only recontextualise the local meaning of a particular target word, but also globally transform the focus and frame of the troublesome ongoing interaction, as well as managing their identities and roles in the interaction. The analysis shows that the participants creatively design puns based on Korean words as well as utilising English words, formulating multilingual puns. The study also demonstrates that puns are often accompanied, triggered or entirely performed by nonlinguistic devices (e.g. body movements, gestures, facial expressions). These multimodal resources play a key role in formulating creative puns, in understanding and responding to puns, and in diverting the trajectory of ongoing interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tecnîsât-ı Süleymân u Belkîs-nâme, written by the 15th century poet and prose writer Firdevsî-i Tavîl; is a very voluminous masnavi, consisting of approximately 20.000 couplets, in which various tales of Hz. Solomon and the life story of Belkıs, the queen of Sheba, are handled. Although it is mentioned by Firdevsî in her other works and this information is repeated in various sources, this work has not been reached until recently. Belkîs-nâme was unearthed by a team including us, and studies are still continuing to present the work as a full text to the world of science. Currently, we have two copies of the work, Uppsala and Gotha. The fact that it is written from beginning to end with the art of pun and that it deals with a subject that has not been sufficiently emphasized in our literature, such as the life of Sheba's queen Belkıs, are the features that increase the value of the work. In this study; First of all, the work was tried to be introduced on the basis of its existing copies, then a detailed and new classification was tried to be made by considering the basic sources related to the subject, and finally, all the sub-items of this classification were exemplified with appropriate couplets selected from Belkîs-name. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the differential features of aphorisms (the presence of words-concepts in the structure, certification, reproducibility, brevity). The complexity of the linguistic and literary characterization of aphorisms still does not allow us to offer an unambiguous definition, the question of the nature of aphorisms remains debatable. Aphorism as a speech genre has its own peculiarities; it must be distinguished from the genres of literature, such as pun, fable, parable, essay, and joke. The methodological basis of the study is the functional study of aphorisms

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The article analyzes the concept of pun and language game in the aspect of correlation of their theoretical linguistic and functional constituents, as well as the concept of carnivalization, which is built into this series as a specific feature of the nonstandard speech.

Copyright of International Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of International Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article proposes a quantitative analysis of the Romanian translations of 325 ribald Shakespearean puns, which originate in 20 plays and 71 renditions, with special focus on assessing the impact of translator-subjective and objective factors on the rendition process in the pre-communist, communist, and post-communist periods. The findings invalidate several widespread beliefs: Dragoș Protopopescu’s renditions, banned by the communist regime for their ‘modernizing’ approach to the Shakespearean text, bowdlerized more bawdy puns than ‘ESPLA’, which replaced it as the Party-approved Romanian edition of the dramatist’s plays; Adolphe Stern’s translations, harshly criticized in his period, fare better in terms of ribald pun rendition than Scarlat Ghica’s and Dimitrie Ghica’s, hailed as the most successful of their time; modern translations of Shakespeare display a heterogeneous distribution of target-text puns across the surveyed rendition strategies, despite enjoying similar availability of and access to pun translation studies.

Pun, in English, is a word play that is very suitable for Japanese, which has many homonyms. The name of word play in Japanese is called dajare. Many experts mention the types of dajare, and one of the researchers mentioned that there are three types of dajare. These three of types are homophonic dajare, near-homophonic dajare, and embbed dajare. One of the three types of dajare is the main focus of research. This research explained the analysis of embbed dajare in an animated show titled ““Shirokuma Café””, the show that has a lot of dajare in conversations between Shirokuma and his friends which is seen from the vocabularies are used. The purpose of this research was to study how the embbed dajare word play process is used in the conversation between Shirokuma and the person he is talking to. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method. The results of this research showed that the same or similarity of sound and form of dajare does not guarantee the similarity of meaning between the referent word and the target word.

The research note deals with the analysis of lexico-semantic means used in the creation of the pun, such as homonymy, polysemy, and also morphological and syntactical means including re-grouping of syllables inside the phrase. Research material comprises puns by the Spanish author Caco Santacruz about the inhabitants of La Gomera Island. The aim of the article is to reveal lexico-semantic ways of creation of the author’s jokes based on the use of the pun. Therefore, the definition of the pun in multilingual resources has been analysed. To reveal the ambiguity, the context in which the pun is used is needed, which we define as a communicative situation of ambiguity created by the author to reach the humorous effect. Most of the analysed jokes contain a dialogue of two people who understand the meaning of the phrase in their own way, creating imaginary misunderstanding based on polysemy or homonymy. The regrouping of syllables and polysemic grammatical meaning of prepositions are among the morphological and syntactical means of pun creation. The means of making a pun used by Santacruz includes pseudo-words, based on the creation of new words on the analogy of word-formation to reach the humorous effect. Future studies of the use of the pun as a source of humour may be focused on the analysis of linguistic means of pun creation on the material of other European languages in order to reveal the common patterns of pun creation and differences, conditioned by linguistic peculiarities of the correspondent language systems. The term ‘pun context’ may be applied to further studies of ambiguity created by the author.

We call artisans of comic, ironic, satirical language all writers of the stature of Boris Vian, Jacques Prévert, Jacques Audiberti, Eugène Ionesco who denote an awakened linguistic curiosity for the riches of literary, popular or spoken language. They actualize everything: phoneme, afixoid, pun, oxymoron, logogriph, etc. Ionesco in this pleiad is still at the head. His characters, their language must make people laugh, cry, die of happiness, otherwise they become dumb, deaf, deaf-mutes. And so Ionesco invents and puts on their tongues anagrams, antimétaboles, bouts-rimés, homéotéleutes, mots-valises to accomplish his essential task: “to create a new language”. This one will live as much as its heroes speak a neo-language where the absurdities become syllogisms, where the approximations are only true axioms. In this article, we are going to submit to a more or less detailed analysis the linguistic nature of the puns of Ionesco's theatrical language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mélanges francophones is the property of Galati University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research note deals with the analysis of lexico-semantic means used in the creation of the pun, such as homonymy, polysemy, and also morphological and syntactical means including regrouping of syllables inside the phrase. Research material comprises puns by the Spanish author Caco Santacruz about the inhabitants of La Gomera Island. The aim of the article is to reveal lexico-semantic ways of creation of the author's jokes based on the use of the pun. Therefore, the definition of the pun in multilingual resources has been analysed. To reveal the ambiguity, the context in which the pun is used is needed, which we define as a communicative situation of ambiguity created by the author to reach the humorous effect. Most of the analysed jokes contain a dialogue of two people who understand the meaning of the phrase in their own way, creating an apparent misunderstanding based on polysemy or homonymy. The regrouping of syllables and polysemic grammatical meaning of prepositions are among the morphological and syntactical means of pun creation. The means of making a pun used by Santacruz include pseudo-words or pseudonyms, based on the creation of new words by analogy in terms of wordformation to reach the humorous effect. Future studies of the use of the pun as a source of humour may be focused on the analysis of linguistic means of pun creation on the material of other European languages in order to reveal the common patterns of pun creation and differences conditioned by linguistic peculiarities of the correspondent language systems. The term "pun context" may be applied to further studies of ambiguity created by the author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of College of Languages is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Only scattered pieces remain of the project of a travelogue on England that Mark Twain planned in the wake of The Innocents Abroad (1869), the bestseller that had established him as a renowned traveler-writer. The baffling renouncement may be found in the author's selfconfessed unwillingness to water down his usual caustic humor in the context of the hearty welcome he received as soon as his first trip to the United Kingdom. Attentive readers, though, may find such explanation frustrating, given Twain's sometimes ruthless treatment of other countries he also held in great esteem, as was the case with India in Following the Equator (1897). In order to analyze the question of Twain's puzzling treatment of the United Kingdom in the context of his travel writing, this paper starts by providing a mostly factual presentation of his stays in the United Kingdom before concentrating on the textual aspect, highlighting the particular importance of London in the author's assertion of himself among the greatest literary masters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In relevance theory, it has been claimed that the sentence uttered underdetermines the proposition explicitly communicated by the speaker. In this paper, I present another case in which what is explicitly communicated is distinct from what is said. Sometimes an expression is used to evoke another expression which it resembles in form. For example, in Korean, aphmyen 'front side' may be used to evoke anmyen 'face' in anmyen molswu 'pretending not to recognize somebody.' I analyze this phenomenon as involving the use of one expression to loosely metarepresent another which it resembles in form. Assuming that the speaker may be unable or unwilling to convey her meaning more directly, the addressee recognizes the resemblance and infers the intended meaning from the expression used, together with contextual assumptions. The extra effort required will be compensated by extra cognitive effects. I argue that the loosely metarepresented expression contributes to the explicature of the utterance, and that the expression used in the utterance may contribute to (the derivation of) an implicature. This is another interesting case in which the explicature of the utterance is distinct from what is said, and where linguistic communication can be achieved by exploiting resemblance in form. • An expression can be used to evoke another expression which it resembles in form. • The expression evoked by a loose formal metarepresentation contributes to the speaker's explicitly communicated meaning. • Linguistic communication can be achieved by exploiting resemblances in form. • Relevance theory helps to explain how communication based on representation by resemblance is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that ἡμεροσκόπος at Lys. 849 constitutes a pun based on iotacism, a well-known feature of female speech in fifth-century Athens aptly illustrated by Socrates in Plato's Cratylus. By describing herself as ἡμεροσκόπος 'day watch' pronounced as ἱμεροσκόπος 'lust watch', Lysistrata perverts the military term associated with the occupation-plot to a sexually charged word associated with the strike-plot. Its use would be very appropriate in a scene in which the φαλληφόρια of the men (not just Cinesias' but later on also the Spartan herald's and the Spartan and Athenian delegates') become the subject of a φαλλοσκοπία by the women (not just Lysistrata but later on also the chorus of women) and perforce also by the onlooking audience. Additional contemporary evidence from orthographic mistakes made by schoolboys suggests that Athenian elite women of the late fifth century were the avant-garde of socially prestigious innovations such as iotacism, which would definitively catch on with the male population in the fourth century and change the face of Greek phonology forever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity price is a crucial element for market players to maximize their profits. In this context, the forecast of the hour-ahead, day-ahead, and week-ahead electricity prices plays a crucial role. The more accurate the prediction is, the lower the market risk is. In this article, several machine learning algorithms (support vector machine, Gaussian processes regression, regression trees, and multilayer perceptron) with different structures have been adopted to forecast Italian wholesale electricity prices. Considering different time horizons (hourly, daily, and weekly), their performances have been compared through several performance metrics, including mean absolute error, R-index, mean absolute percentage error, and the number of anomalies in which the forecast error passes a threshold. The investigation reveals that, in general, SVM and tree-based models outperform other models at different time horizons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]