Search

In recent years, terrorist attacks all over the world caused many civilian casualties seriously. Under the knife and axe terrorist attack, there are usually four groups of event-related persons, that is, pedestrians, terrorists, police, and safety guards in the scene. The behavior of them is different, but they are rarely considered together in existing litterateurs, especially the police and safety guards. In this paper, we propose the FFPS (extended floor-field model combined with on-site control actions of police and safety guards) model to study pedestrian evacuation dynamics considering terrorist attack on-site control action differences between police and security guards. The FFPS model consists of three aspects. First, pedestrian evacuation dynamics in terrorist attack environment is modeled. Second, the behavior of terrorists, police and safety guards is studied. Third, the differences of on-site control actions between police and safety guards are studied. We set up the scenario for simulation. The influence of terrorists' number and location, police and security guards' different actions, police entering time, police shooting distance, police and safety guards' spatial position, and police control strategy on evacuation dynamics are analyzed in detail. Those results provide valuable insights to quickly control terrorists, and sharply reduce casualties in terrorist attack environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The participation of representatives of organized civil society in the National Public Security Council of Mexico allows us to discuss the practical scope of the collaboration of some social agents in the definition of public policies on the matter. From a theoretical point of view, a selection of conceptual approaches focused on the relationship between participation and incidence allows us to clarify the case study in this article as an experience in which formal participation channels have not generated formal incidence mechanisms but have a series of informal possibilities to increase the legitimacy of the government sphere and the reputation of the organizations selected to participate in the Council. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the importance of forensic science in public safety, in relation to its huge role in discovering the truth regarding the most serious miscarriage of justice in Romania. We analyzed the case of Marcel undrea, who was unjustly sentenced to 25 years in prison for murder and rape, to show how the justice system failed at all levels to find the real culprit. We showed how the safety of citizens was harmed, but also how an innocent man's life was destroyed forever. In the end, it was forensic science that led to the discovery of the true perpetrator and restored public safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the importance of knowledge management and the risks associated with knowledge within organizations, particularly in the context of public security. Topics include the development of a model for building awareness of knowledge risks, the classification of security knowledge threats, and findings from a survey of Czech and Polish respondents regarding their perceptions of knowledge benefits and risks.

A comprehensive analysis of the bodies and units of the National Police of Ukraine activities in the de-occupied territories and in the territories close to the combat zone is carried out. It is emphasised that the exercise of police powers in such territories is characterised by very rapid dynamics due to the constant change of the operational situation, increased physical and psychological stress. It is stressed that the concept of forming and further ensuring the stability and sustainability of the country’s unified security environment is fully implemented by the police not only in the areas where no hostilities are taking place, but also primarily where the state of ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens requires special attention, i.e. in the de-occupied territories or in settlements close to the combat zone. The author analyses the content and procedure for the implementation of the main stabilisation measures: provision of humanitarian services to the population (evacuation, delivery of humanitarian goods, escort of civilian transport, opening and maintenance of the points of invincibility, psychological support); identification of social and security problems in the de-occupied territories, as well as persons in need of assistance; humanitarian demining; exposure of collaborators and accomplices of the occupation regime; investigation of war crimes; searching for persons who went missing as a result of hostilities; identifying places of mass graves and illegal detention of citizens; ensuring the implementation of martial law measures; creating emergency response systems for emergencies and offences; ensuring public order and security, preventive activities, combating crimes and other offences. The number of conceptual provisions on improving the regulatory and methodological support for the application of stabilisation measures by police personnel in the de-occupied territories of Ukraine has been formulated.

The idea of an alliance between Central and Eastern Europe and parts of the Balkans, otherwise known as the Intermarium or the Three Seas Initiative, is not a new one, but it has been given new impetus in our time as this region has developed substantial common interests – not only in the political and economic spheres, but also in other areas. If we look at the idea of the Intermarium, or more specifically the Three Seas concept, we see that 12 European Union countries are formally involved (Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia). Greece was admitted to the Alliance in Bucharest in September 2023, while Ukraine and Moldova became associate members. In April 2024, an Intermarium Summit took place in Vilnius where important resolutions were adopted, including on security. The division of criminalistics into four main traditional schools (Germanic, Romance, Anglo-Saxon and Eastern European) which emerged in the second stage of its development in the 20th century is well known. There are no purely national ‘schools of criminalistics’, since each country is in the process of analysing the positive experiences (scientific and applied) of other countries and adapting them to its own purposes. This scientific term is therefore significant first and foremost as a basis for scientific classification, but also reflects the geopolitical vectors of each country. In regard to the development of a specific science such as criminalistics in the context of public security, we need to consider the influence of various factors on this process. In each country, criminalistics, as both a science and an applied field, begins based on the paradigms of one of the main schools before being further saturated with national content. The latter process depends not only on the existing law and its doctrine, the functioning system of law enforcement institutions, and the economic and social conditions, but also on the history, culture, traditions, and geopolitics of the country. The aim of this article, written by authors from three Intermarium countries, is to show, on the basis of an analysis of the most important developments in the forensic sciences of the countries of Eastern and Central Europe in recentdecades, the prerequisites for the formation of a new school of criminalistics in the Intermarium countries. It also seeks to provide insights into the future directions of this process in the context of geopolitical changes.

The discussion regarding the responsibility of municipalities in dealing with public security has always led to divergent opinions. However, with the publication of Law No. 13,675/2018, which created the Unified Public Security System and included municipalities in the process of creating security policies, brought new responsibilities to the municipal executive branch. Given this context, this research aimed to analyze the potential of the Municipal Public Administration of Estância/SE in complying with the National Public Security and Social Defense Policy, established by Law No. 13,675/18. The methodology adopted an descriptive research, based on a case study in the Municipality of Estância/SE, outlined by bibliographic and documentary research, based on a qualitative approach. The results showed that the Municipality of Estância/SE has sought to comply with the national public security policy, in addition to having other means of obtaining financial resources to exercise security in the municipality. However, there was a need to accelerate the process of constructing the policy and creating some instruments, such as the observatory and public security council, considering that they are essential attributes for the application for resources from the National Public Security Fund. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In June 2021, Eric Adams — a former captain of the New York City Police Department — won the Democratic mayoral primary for the city of New York with 30.7% of the vote. Adams' candidate profile struck many as unique — a Black man, he paradoxically represented a liberal yet tough-on-crime approach. In this paper, we analyze how tough-on-crime candidates' identities impact their favorability among progressive voters. We focus on both race (e.g., Black vs white candidates) and gender (e.g., female vs male candidates). Building on literature regarding stereotypes, perceived policy competency, and expectations among progressive voters, we hypothesize that tough-on-crime candidates will be less favorable to Democratic voters, but this will depend on candidate identity. We expect both Black and/or female tough-on-crime candidates to experience less pushback for tough-on-crime stances compared to their white and/or male counterparts. We test these expectations via a conjoint experiment included in an original, nationally representative survey of U.S. adults. Our results support the idea that Democrats punish tough-on-crime candidates, but this effect is conditional on candidate identity. Namely, Democratic Black candidates are not strongly punished for being tough-on-crime. Unexpectedly, we find that female Democratic candidates experience more electoral penalty than their male counterparts when taking tough-on-crime positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations increasingly rely on digital technologies to perform tasks. To do so, they have to integrate data banks to make the data usable. We argue that there is a growing, academically underexplored market consisting of data integration and analysis platforms. We explain that, especially in the public sector, the regulatory implications of data integration and analysis must be studied because they affect vulnerable citizens and because it is not just a matter of state agencies overseeing technology companies but also of the state overseeing itself. We propose a platform-theory-based conceptual approach that directs our attention towards the specific characteristics of platforms—such as datafication, modularity, and multilaterality and the associated regulatory challenges. Due to a scarcity of empirical analyses about how public sector platforms are regulated, we undertake an in-depth case study of a data integration and analysis platform operated by Palantir Technologies in the German federal state of Hesse. Our analysis of the regulatory activities and conflicts uncovers many obstacles to effective platform regulation. Drawing on recent initiatives to improve intermediary liability, we ultimately point to additional paths for regulating public sector platforms. Our findings also highlight the importance of political factors in platform regulation-as-a-practice. We conclude that platform regulation in the public sector is not only about technology-specific regulation but also about general mechanisms of democratic control, such as the separation of power, public transparency, and civil rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This article presents two Brazilian Portuguese corpora collected from different media concerning public security issues in a specific location. The primary motivation is supporting analyses, so security authorities can make appropriate decisions about their actions. Design/methodology/approach: The corpora were obtained through web scraping from a newspaper's website and tweets from a Brazilian metropolitan region. Natural language processing was applied considering: text cleaning, lemmatization, summarization, part-of-speech and dependencies parsing, named entities recognition, and topic modeling. Findings: Several results were obtained based on the methodology used, highlighting some: an example of a summarization using an automated process; dependency parsing; the most common topics in each corpus; the forty named entities and the most common slogans were extracted, highlighting those linked to public security. Research limitations/implications: Some critical tasks were identified for the research perspective, related to the applied methodology: the treatment of noise from obtaining news on their source websites, passing through textual elements quite present in social network posts such as abbreviations, emojis/emoticons, and even writing errors; the treatment of subjectivity, to eliminate noise from irony and sarcasm; the search for authentic news of issues within the target domain. All these tasks aim to improve the process to enable interested authorities to perform accurate analyses. Practical implications: The corpora dedicated to the public security domain enable several analyses, such as mining public opinion on security actions in a given location; understanding criminals' behaviors reported in the news or even on social networks and drawing their attitudes timeline; detecting movements that may cause damage to public property and people welfare through texts from social networks; extracting the history and repercussions of police actions, crossing news with records on social networks; among many other possibilities. Originality/value: The work on behalf of the corpora reported in this text represents one of the first initiatives to create textual bases in Portuguese, dedicated to Brazil's specific public security domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Multiple Criteria Decision-Making/Analysis (MCDM/A) methods have been widely used in several management contexts. In public security, their use enhances managerial decision-making by considering the decision-maker's preference structure and providing a multidimensional view of problems. However, methodological support for their applications in this field lacks clarity, including selecting appropriate methods, addressing pertinent problematics, and identifying alternatives and criteria. To address this gap, this article conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to diagnose the state of the art and identify the main directions of the research in multicriteria models applied to public security management. The research methodology involves five main research questions, and the extraction and analysis of data from 51 articles selected through a structured filtering process. The analysis includes identifying the number of publications and citations, as well as listing the MCDM/A approaches and issues employed. Furthermore, the criteria used and the number of criteria considered are discussed, as well as the method employed. Finally, the identification of the main research directions in MCDM/A models applied to public security is presented. The findings suggest that prioritization and classification are common problematics, social criteria are frequently considered, and the AHP method is widely used, often employing fuzzy sets and hybrid models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration and security as social phenomena, which in recent times have often been levelled or even staged against each other. Migration can sometimes pose certain challenges to the interests of the state if it is perceived as a threat to national security. This perception can lead to the implementation of various political or legal measures and instruments aimed at protecting borders, regulating immigration flows and monitoring the movement of migrants. The European Parliament has tried to tighten border controls and improve the ability of Member States to manage the flow of people arriving in Europe. To achieve this, the new Pact on Migration and Asylum was approved, which proposes to better address the complexity and challenges of migration management, while ensuring that the rights and needs of illegal migrants are respected and protected. Over the past few years, the countries of the European Union have from time to time reintroduced border controls within the Schengen area, which often last for a long time. In order to preserve free movement while addressing real security threats, the European Commission presented its proposal for a revision of the Schengen rules in 2021. In February 2024, Parliament reached a provisional agreement with national governments on rules stressing that the reintroduction of border controls is a last resort. EU countries can exceptionally reintroduce border controls when there is a serious threat to public policy or internal security. This article analyses the challenges posed by migration processes to contemporary public security, focusing on the case of Lithuania. The article analyses the impact of irregular migration on the public security aspects of Lithuania and discusses possible solutions to address these challenges. The article reviews the migration situation in Lithuania over the last decade using statistical data and assesses the decision-making challenges for the actors involved in migration processes, as well as providing an overview of the latest regional legal framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Belügyi Szemle / Academic Journal of Internal Affairs is the property of Ministry of Interior of Hungary and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Públic is the property of Revista Catalana de Dret Public and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper introduces an intelligent computational approach for extracting salient objects fromimages and estimating their distance information with PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) cameras. PTZ cameras have found wide applications in numerous public places, serving various purposes such as public securitymanagement, natural disastermonitoring, and crisis alarms, particularly with the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence and global infrastructural projects. In this paper, we combine Gauss optical principles with the PTZ camera's capabilities of horizontal and pitch rotation, as well as optical zoom, to estimate the distance of the object.We present a novel monocular object distance estimation model based on the Focal Length-Target Pixel Size (FLTPS) relationship, achieving an accuracy rate of over 95% for objects within a 5 km range. The salient object extraction is achieved through a simplified convolution kernel and the utilization of the object's RGB features, which offer significantly faster computing speeds compared to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Additionally, we introduce the dark channel before the fog removal algorithm, resulting in a 20 dB increase in image definition, which significantly benefits distance estimation. Our system offers the advantages of stability and low device load, making it an asset for public security affairs and providing a reference point for future developments in surveillance hardware. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses historical facts, requirements of laws and by-laws which regulated the activities of special police units in different periods through the prism of modern realities. It has been concluded that these units have gone through a rather long historical path of their formation and development, which we propose to divide into six stages. Stage I (1709–1917) – formation of the land militia, which can be considered the first example of the existence of modern special police units; Stage II (1917–1941) – characterised by the creation of Ukrainian voluntary militia and military formations; Stage III (1941–1978) – a period of stagnation in the history of the formation of special police units due to the events of the First and Second World Wars; Stage IV (1978–1991) – creation of the first special unit in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR at the official level – a special police detachment; Stage V (1991–2014) – associated with Ukraine’s independence and the creation of Berkut special police unit, Titan special police unit, Sokil rapid response unit; Stage VI (2014 – present) – formation of special police units that actively participate in armed conflicts; this stage was influenced by three key events: 1) the anti-terrorist operation in eastern Ukraine, which was later called the “Joint Forces Operation”, which led to the creation of a number of volunteer special units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine; 2) the creation of the National Police of Ukraine and the formation of special units within its structure (the Rapid Action Corps, the Special Police Patrol Service and the Tactical Response Unit); 3) Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, which led to the creation of a militarised special police unit, the “Luty” Joint Assault Brigade of the National Police of Ukraine and the “Safari” assault regiment of the National Police.

The publication provides a scientific analysis of the “stabilisation measures” concept which has recently been used to determine the specifics of public authorities and law enforcement agencies' activities on the de-occupied territories of our country. It has been proved that the concept of “stabilisation measures” arose in the course of NATO peacekeeping operations in the Balkans and is primarily associated with law enforcement activities of specially authorised military units capable of performing police functions. According to NATO’s Joint Doctrine (AJP-3.22), stabilisation measures are defined as special activities aimed at strengthening or providing temporary replacement for local police forces to help restore and/or maintain public order and security, the rule of law and the protection of human rights. It is emphasised that the understanding of the content of stabilisation measures in national and foreign practice is different. Foreign researchers mainly associate stabilisation measures with law enforcement actions: ensuring public order and security, combating crime, protecting civilians, etc. In our country, a broader interpretation of the term has been formed, which, in addition to purely police measures, includes social, humanitarian, informational, and economic measures that cover the comprehensive restoration and development of the de-occupied territories. It is proposed to divide stabilisation measures into general and special ones. The first type is related to the restoration of state power on the de-occupied territory, as well as to ensuring the vital activity of its civilian population. Special stabilisation measures are carried out to prevent sabotage and reconnaissance groups and illegal armed groups from entering the de-occupied territory and committing terrorist acts on infrastructure and communications facilities, ensuring public safety and order, preventing and suppressing crimes and other offences, eliminating the consequences of emergencies, and searching for persons who have committed crimes against the foundations of national security, war crimes and other offences during the occupation of the territory. The number of conceptual provisions on the interpretation of the definition, purpose, principles, types and peculiarities of application of stabilisation measures in Ukraine have been formulated.

Objectives The objectiv of the study was to answer the question: what impact has the wave of refugees from Ukraine caused by the outbreak of war on its territory had on the dynamics of crime in Poland? Material and methods The arrivals from Ukraine in the Republic of Poland and departures for Ukraine were analyzed. The study also examines the population dynamics in Poland from 2018 to 2023, including deaths and births. The research also takes into account the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the population size in Poland. Such an approach was necessary to conduct a comparative analysis of changes in population dynamics and crime dynamics in Poland in order to determine the relationship between them in the examined period, taking into account national demographic changes. At the same time, crimes detected in Poland from 2019 to 2023 in the same periods, from January to October, were analyzed. Results Studies show that the COVID-19 pandemic and migration from Ukraine to Poland had a noticeable impact on the population in the Republic of Poland. In 2021, the population in Poland decreased, which was mainly due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and a large increase in the number of deaths. In 2022, compared to 2021, there was an increase in the population as a result of a decrease in human deaths, as well as the granting of Polish citizenship to foreigners in 2022. At the same time, the analysis looked at the numbers of crimes found in Poland in 2019-2023 in univariate time frames from January to October combined, which showed no significant changes in this regard. Conclusions The results from the research allowed to conclude that the wave of refugees from Ukraine caused by the outbreak of war on its territory did not noticeably affect the increase in crime in Poland.

This paper contributes to the literature by investigating the effects of farmland property rights on public security using the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey data. The results indicate that farmland property rights positively impact public security. This study uses the instrumental variable to solve the endogenous problem. Based on the results, farmland property rights have a positive and significant effect on public security due to the reduction of land acquisition conflicts and social poverty. Hence, this research suggests that the protection of farmland property rights plays a crucial role in ensuring the harmonious development of rural society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aimed to map the studies published in journals on occupational stress in the Brazilian public security forces in the period between 2018 - 2023, highlighting the stressors, the consequences of stress and the actions taken to prevent it. For this purpose, a bibliometric and systematic review was carried out, using the ProKnow-C method, considering the articles published in the Spell and Scielo databases of the studied period. The results demonstrated the concentration of studies published in the South, Southeast and Midwest regions. The main stressors identified were pressure, high workload, accumulation of functions, low pay, lack of autonomy, discrimination and favoritism in the workplace. The consequences of stress include physical and psychological impairment, reduced quality of life and burnout. Some of the preventive actions are increasing rest time between shifts and psychological monitoring and treatment. Despite the results, it is concluded that stress in public security forces is still little investigated in Brazil, both by academia and by the police institutions themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the proliferation of urban video surveillance systems, the abundance of surveillance video data has emerged as a pivotal asset for enhancing public safety. Within these video archives, the identification of abnormal human actions carries profound implications for security incidents. Nevertheless, existing surveillance systems primarily rely on conventional algorithms, leading to both missed incidents and false alarms. To address the challenge of automating multi-object surveillance video analysis, this study introduces a comprehensive method for the detection and recognition of multi-object abnormal actions. This study comprises a two-stage framework: the coarse detection stage employs an enhanced YOWOv2E model for spatio-temporal action detection, while the precise detection stage utilizes a two-stream network for precise action classification. In parallel, this paper presents the PSA-Dataset to address the current limitations in the field of abnormal action detection. Experimental results, collected from both public datasets and a self-built dataset, illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in identifying a wide spectrum of abnormal actions. This work offers valuable insights for automating the analysis of human actions in videos pertaining to public security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objectives: to synthesize research on factors associated with Burnout Syndrome (BS) in police officers. Methods: a scoping review was conducted without temporal or language restrictions. Data were exported to EndNote to remove duplicates and then imported into the Rayyan app for organization, article selection, and data extraction. Results: a total of 4559 publications were identified, with 50 studies included in the review. Research conducted in Brazil and the United States predominated. Certain occupational factors were found to be more closely linked to police officers compared to other professions, including law enforcement, frequency of interaction with suspects and criminals, rank, dissatisfaction with the organization, and civilian confrontations. Conclusions: certain aspects of the police profession contribute to BS, even in countries with better working conditions in public security. It is recommended to prioritize health promotion initiatives for these professionals.

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin İran sınırında yer alan Ağrı ili gibi az gelişmiş bölgelerde devlet tarafından gerçekleştirilen kamu harcamaları ve yatırımlarının, bölgesel kalkınma ve ekonomik büyümeyi nasıl etkilediği ele alınmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Ağrı’ya gerçekleştirilen kamu harcamalarını ve yatırımları incelemek amacıyla Demokrat Parti iktidarı dönemini seçilmiştir. Bu dönem, bölgesel kalkınma politikalarının ve bölgenin ekonomik gelişimine yönelik önemli kararların alındığı bir zaman dilimini temsil etmektedir. Demokrat Parti döneminde Türkiye'de çeşitli politika değişiklikleri ve reformlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu dönemde çok sayıda yol, köprü, baraj, okul gibi altyapı projeleri hayata geçirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda Ağrı’ya asayiş, bayındırlık, eğitim, kültür, sağlık, tarım ve hayvancılık alanlarında harcamalar ve yatırımlar yapıldığı kantitatif olarak ortaya konulmaya çalışıldığı, kaynakların kalkınma sürecinde hangi alanlarda yoğunlaştığı üzerinde de durulmuştur. Bazı yıllarda ise kurum amirlerinin istekleri doğrultusunda bakanlıklardan yatırım taleplerinde bulunulmuştur. Çoğu zaman ise şehrin milletvekilleri ve kurumları tarafından harcama ve yatırım talepleri yapıldığı arşiv kayıtlarına ve şehrin yerel gazetelerine yansımıştır. Modern devletlerin vergi toplama ve kamu yatırımları yapma yetenekleri, toplumun refahını artırmak ve kamu hizmetlerini sağlamak için kritik bir role sahiptir. Bu yatırımlar sayesinde, devletle halk arasındaki bağı güçlendirilir ve bir toplumun genel gelişimine katkıda bulunabilir. Çalışmamızda, Başkanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK), yerel ve ulusal medya kaynaklarından sağlanan verilere dayanılmıştır. Bu kaynaklar, çeşitli disiplinlerde bilgi toplama ve analiz yapma amacıyla kullanılan önemli bilgi kaynakları olarak kabul edildiği için bu kaynaklara yoğunlaşılmıştır.

With the proliferation of urban video surveillance systems, the abundance of surveillance video data has emerged as a pivotal asset for enhancing public safety. Within these video archives, the identification of abnormal human actions carries profound implications for security incidents. Nevertheless, existing surveillance systems primarily rely on conventional algorithms, leading to both missed incidents and false alarms. To address the challenge of automating multi-object surveillance video analysis, this study introduces a comprehensive method for the detection and recognition of multi-object abnormal actions. This study comprises a two-stage framework: the coarse detection stage employs an enhanced YOWOv2E model for spatio-temporal action detection, while the precise detection stage utilizes a two-stream network for precise action classification. In parallel, this paper presents the PSA-Dataset to address the current limitations in the field of abnormal action detection. Experimental results, collected from both public datasets and a self-built dataset, illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in identifying a wide spectrum of abnormal actions. This work offers valuable insights for automating the analysis of human actions in videos pertaining to public security.

The article investigates and reveals the comprehension of how the concepts of the public security phenomenon are constructed in the philosophical and legal views of Niccolo Machiavelli. In Europe at that time, ensuring public security was an extremely urgent task for almost every state, which involved concern for the individual human salvation, i.e. the search for confidence in faith, at the individual level, and at the collective level – concern for the protection of subjects from violence, war, injustice, hunger, rising prices, poverty, and concern for public welfare in the broadest sense. It is emphasised that one of the most popular and detailed concepts of public security at that time was proposed by the prominent Italian philosopher, diplomat and politician Niccolo Machiavelli (1469–1527). There have been and still are heated academic discussions around its content, meaning and focus, which touch upon some controversial aspects of the security concept and help to clarify important nuances of Machiavellian vision of public security and key instruments for its guarantee better. According to the results of the study, it has been concluded that Machiavelli's security concept is characterised by rationalism, secularism, pragmatism, nationalism, an emphasis on a combination of power and legal elements with the predominance of the former, institutional and personal factors of public security with the priority of the former, instruments of psychological pressure (intimidation to keep the people in line), military force and diplomacy (to prevent external threats), separation of ethics and politics in the field of public security, a balanced attitude to the need to maintain internal and external security, and a high appreciation of the historical experience of ensuring security in antiquity and in modern centralised and absolutist states at an early stage.

The article analyzes previous research and highlights the features of the counterterrorism security of the state as a component of the national security system. The article aims at identifying problems with ensuring counterterrorism security during the Russian Federation's war against Ukraine, analyzing Ukrainian legislation in this area, and outlining the ways of forming the counterterrorism security system of the state in the current context. The biggest terrorist threat to Ukraine is the large-scale armed aggression by the Russian Federation and the hybrid war, which aims not only to occupy certain territories of Ukraine but also to completely eliminate Ukrainian statehood. This war widely employs terrorist methods including the intimidation and killing of civilians, the use of powerful weapons against populated areas, and the destruction of critical civilian infrastructure. The problems above call for a comprehensive reconsideration of the counterterrorism security of the state, given the need to significantly enhance the protection of possible sites of terrorist attacks and to fulfill the tasks of implementing the national security priorities under the 2020 National Security Strategy of Ukraine Human Security Equals the Country’s Security. The perpetration of terrorist acts by the Russian Federation against the national critical infrastructure has become a striking challenge for Ukraine, the consequences of which are difficult to overestimate. During the armed aggression, the Ukrainian state has been confronted with new types of terrorist activities, in particular, psychological and nuclear terrorism. All this requires strengthening the counterterrorism capacities for protecting critical infrastructure and other targets of terrorist attacks, primarily through practical and research-based approaches to the counterterrorism security of the state. Based on the results of the study, the authors conclude that there is a need to significantly enhance the institutional strengthening of the national counterterrorism system and to revise Ukrainian legislation in this area. The article outlines interrelations between counterterrorism security and other components within the national security system of Ukraine, including security of the state, military security and defense, public security, cybersecurity, nuclear and radiation security, etc. The authors propose to establish an effective system of counterterrorism security of the state, primarily with respect to improving its legislative basis, which calls for the development of the Counterterrorism Strategy in Ukraine that would become the foundation of state policy in countering terrorism.

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Economicas: Investigacion y Reflexion is the property of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Iuris Stetinensis is the property of Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecinskiego / University of Szczecin Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turcology Research is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Science is the property of Alcide De Gasperi University of Euroregional Economy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Jurídica Portucalense is the property of Revista Juridica Portucalense and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This Article analyses the evolution of the public security defence to justify restrictions on free movement within the EU in the context of the energy sector. Taking the seminal 1984 Campus Oil case as the point of departure for its analysis, the Article focuses on the interplay between public security and energy security and shows two key changes in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. First, it demonstrates how the scope of the public security defence in the energy sector has gradually narrowed. Second, it shows how the public security defence has developed to take into account evolving social, technological, and legal contexts in the EU energy sector. Culminating in cases like Hidroelectrica in 2020 and OPAL in 2021, analysis of the relevant case law suggests that, despite the societal dependence on energy and the ongoing geopolitical turmoil in Europe, the Court of Justice interprets exceptions from free movement in an increasingly strict manner, highlighting the primacy of internal market approaches to energy security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) has the advantages of mobility and flexibility, rapid concealment and holistic vision. Coordinating with the intelligent and efficient precise dispatching of the "decision module" of the command centre, UAVs can meet the public safety needs of significant events. The marathon is an open, long-distance, gathering sporting event, so on-site security is hard to guarantee. To study the application of UAVs in marathon public security risk early warning, we examine the Hangzhou Marathon as an example, analysing the potential public security risks of a marathon and the application scenarios of UAVs by modelling the data of population and vehicles near the fundamental security early warning places of the marathon through theoretical discussion and modelling research. We propose a marathon risklevel intelligent identification and early warning model, establish the deployment and control scheme of UAVs in marathon public security, and conceive a comprehensive command platform for UAVs to promote the integration of UAVs into marathon security by taking intelligent security as an example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the issue of cooperation and interoperability between the services responsible for public security and medical entities, including emergency medical units. The topic seems interesting due to the growing problem of threats resulting from a possible use of CBRN agents. As a general rule, toxic chemicals, pathogens of all kinds, and radioactive and nuclear substances can get out of control at random, but they can also be used deliberately – in terrorist attacks. Regardless of the cause, they pose a serious threat to life and health, as well as to the environment. The author puts forward the thesis that in the context of this type of threat, cooperation between the entities designated to save lives and health is insufficient and it absolutely requires the implementation of methods ensuring better coordination of activities. Based on the available relevant literature, the article describes the concepts of public security, health safety and threats. The aim of the study is to analyze common training, methods and systems of cooperation between services responsible for public security, in particular the principles of notifying and informing about threats related to the possible use of CBRN, particularly in terms of preventing such threats, responding to them, counteracting and taking relevant protective measures. The article addresses the issue of the duties, scope of responsibility and competences of individual formations in the light of legal regulations in force. It also addresses the unresolved issue of insufficient coordination and the deficit in the area of rapid information exchange. The study indicates solutions and recommendations that could fill this gap for the benefit of public security and state authorities. The research method adopted for the purposes of this study is the analysis of the relevant literature.

Cybersecurity belongs to the area of activity of state and supra-state actors, giving direction to national and international systems of law as components of national and supranational systems of political, economic, military cooperation, etc. Still, the state has a monopoly on the causality of lawmaking, which forms the basis of cyberspace use security activities. The state responds to national security needs by actively participating in the formation of the collective security order of the supranational level. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the significance of the national Cybersecurity Strategy of the Republic of Poland for ensuring the safe use of cyberspace. The Strategy, while referring to the national order, is at the same time an implementation of supranational arrangements within the scopes adopted by the state authorities, which means that the Strategy is subjected to logical evaluation depending on the impact of cyber conditions or binding arrangements of the international environment. The text is based on two research methods: the doctrinal legal research method to analyse the applicable legal regulations governing the issues related to the strategic aspects of cybersecurity and the law theory method aimed at evaluating the strategic solutions in respect of security in cyberspace.

Originally designed to describe and analyze the spaces of extermination built by the totalitarian regimes of the mid-twentieth century, the notion of camp has gained new analytical developments in the social sciences, and has also been used to interpret the making of cities on the peripheries of cities at the beginning of the twenty-first century. This article aims to re-discuss this notion based on the transformations of the urban space caused by the politics of life and death on the outskirts of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. If the peripheries in Brazil have always been seen as spaces where human rights have been violated and the most basic principles of citizenship have never become the rule, it is urgent to direct our attention to the urban scales that necrobiopolitics has altered.

The Multiple Criteria Decision-Making/Analysis (MCDM/A) methods have been widely used in several management contexts. In public security, their use enhances managerial decision-making by considering the decision-maker’s preference structure and providing a multidimensional view of problems. However, methodological support for their applications in this field lacks clarity, including selecting appropriate methods, addressing pertinent problematics, and identifying alternatives and criteria. To address this gap, this article conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to diagnose the state of the art and identify the main directions of the research in multicriteria models applied to public security management. The research methodology involves five main research questions, and the extraction and analysis of data from 51 articles selected through a structured filtering process. The analysis includes identifying the number of publications and citations, as well as listing the MCDM/A approaches and issues employed. Furthermore, the criteria used and the number of criteria considered are discussed, as well as the method employed. Finally, the identification of the main research directions in MCDM/A models applied to public security is presented. The findings suggest that prioritization and classification are common problematics, social criteria are frequently considered, and the AHP method is widely used, often employing fuzzy sets and hybrid models.