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4 results on '"psychophysiological potential"'

1. Psychophysiological components of the activities of operators of nuclear power plants as a factor of accidents in the conditions of the threat of social catastrophe

Author

O.A. Shevchenko, O.V. Sheviakov, V.V. Kornienko, I.A. Burlakova, Y.A. Slavska, N.I. Zhyhaylo, V.V. Vakulik, I.S. Ostapenko, O.A. Gerasimchuk, E.Y. Doroshenko, V.V. Prykhodko, S.A. Chernihivska, O.M. Ivchenko, V.M. Tychonovych, and S.B. Dorogan

Subjects
psychophysiological potential, psychological condition, psychophysiological providing, operators of nuclear power plants, methodical approach, social and medical support, Medicine
Abstract

The purpose of the study is to establish the peculiarities of operator’s work and the leading factors of the formation of its psychophysiological tension at nuclear power plants in the conditions of the threat of social catastrophe in connection with military operations. The study was conducted at the Zaporizhzhya and Khmelnytsky nuclear power plants for the period of 2020-2021. To study the dynamics of the psychophysiological state of operators of nuclear power plants, a verbal-communicative diagnostic method was used to collect information about the operators investigated using Google Form and traditional physiological, psychological and psychophysiological methods. The socio-demographic features of the investigated operators of the block control panel were analyzed. It was established that men only (100%) aged 24-49 and with work experience from 4 to 20 years were among the examined. All surveyed operators (41 people) are residents of the city, with completed higher education and are family members. The methods of psychological (reactive anxiety, mood, activity, mood, attention), physiological (cardiography, blood pressure) and psychophysiological (simple sensorimotor and psychophysical) research methods were used to empirically assess the intensity of activity of the operators of the block control panel of nuclear power plants. There were examined operators, while on duty when control errors and pre-accident situations were recorded. It was established that the psychological, physiological and psychophysiological characteristics of these operators are followed by increased reactive anxiety, decreased indicators of well-being, activity, mood, reduction in functional reserves of the cardiorespiratory system, mental and physical capacity. These indicators are considered as criteria for the development of regulatory measures. It is proposed to take into account not only technological factors, but also the psychophysiological features of operators in the dynamics of their manifestation when developing measures for the optimal selection and personnel placement. The complex of methods for researching the functional state of operators can be used to optimize their professional selection and retraining, which can lead to reducing accidents and costs for professional training. The expected effect is an increase in the efficiency and quality of operator’s activity, the productivity and reliability of the performance of production tasks, an increase in professional longevity, a decrease in rate and occupationally-related morbidity of these specialists.

Published
2023
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2. ПСИХОФІЗІОЛОГІЧНІ СКЛАДОВІ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ОПЕРАТОРІВ АТОМНИХ ЕЛЕКТРОСТАНЦІЙ ЯК ЧИННИК АВАРІЙНОСТІ В УМОВАХ ЗАГРОЗИ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ КАТАСТРОФИ.

Author

Шевченко, О. А., Шевяков, О. В., Корнієнко, В. В., Бурлакова, І. А., Славська, Я. А., Жигайло, Н. І., Вакулик, В. В., Остапенко, І. С., Герасимчук, О. А., Дорошенко, Е. Ю., Приходько, В. В., Чернігівська, С. А., Івченко, О. М., Тихонович, В. М., and Дорогань, С. Б.

Subjects
*NUCLEAR power plants, *SOCIAL support
Abstract

The purpose of the study is to establish the peculiarities of operator’s work and the leading factors of the formation of its psychophysiological tension at nuclear power plants in the conditions of the threat of social catastrophe in connection with military operations. The study was conducted at the Zaporizhzhya and Khmelnytsky nuclear power plants for the period of 2020-2021. To study the dynamics of the psychophysiological state of operators of nuclear power plants, a verbal-communicative diagnostic method was used to collect information about the operators investigated using Google Form and traditional physiological, psychological and psychophysiological methods. The socio-demographic features of the investigated operators of the block control panel were analyzed. It was established that men only (100%) aged 24-49 and with work experience from 4 to 20 years were among the examined. All surveyed operators (41 people) are residents of the city, with completed higher education and are family members. The methods of psychological (reactive anxiety, mood, activity, mood, attention), physiological (cardiography, blood pressure) and psychophysiological (simple sensorimotor and psychophysical) research methods were used to empirically assess the intensity of activity of the operators of the block control panel of nuclear power plants. There were examined operators, while on duty when control errors and preaccident situations were recorded. It was established that the psychological, physiological and psychophysiological characteristics of these operators are followed by increased reactive anxiety, decreased indicators of well-being, activity, mood, reduction in functional reserves of the cardiorespiratory system, mental and physical capacity. These indicators are considered as criteria for the development of regulatory measures. It is proposed to take into account not only technological factors, but also the psychophysiological features of operators in the dynamics of their manifestation when developing measures for the optimal selection and personnel placement. The complex of methods for researching the functional state of operators can be used to optimize their professional selection and retraining, which can lead to reducing accidents and costs for professional training. The expected effect is an increase in the efficiency and quality of operator’s activity, the productivity and reliability of the performance of production tasks, an increase in professional longevity, a decrease in rate and occupationally-related morbidity of these specialists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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3. Adaptation to Mental Activity in Students

Author

Litvinova, N.A., Kuvshinov, D.Yu., Ivanov, V.I., and Solobuev, A.I.

Subjects
эмоциональное напряжение, психофизиологический потенциал, emotional stress, psychophysiological potential, students, biorhythms, 612.825.8]-057.875 [УДК [616-003.96], студенты, adaptation, адаптация, биоритмы
Abstract

Литвинова Надежда Алексеевна, доктор биологических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры нормальной физиологии, Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет (Россия, 650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, 22 а), nadyakemsu@mail.ru, ORCID: 0000-0003-2719-344X Кувшинов Дмитрий Юрьевич, доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой нормальной физиологии, Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет (Россия, 650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, 22 а), phisiolog@mail.ru, ORCID: 0000-0003-2055-4724 Иванов Вадим Иванович, кандидат биологических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры нормальной физиологии, Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет (Россия, 650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, 22 а), trampviy@yandex.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-5977-9149 Солобуев Алексей Игоревич, ассистент кафедры нормальной физиологии, Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет (Россия, 650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, 22 а), solobuev@mail.ru N.A. Litvinova, nadyakemsu@mail.ru, ORCID: 0000-0003-2719-344X D.Yu. Kuvshinov, phisiolog@mail.ru, ORCID: 0000-0003-2055-4724 V.I. Ivanov, trampviy@yandex.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-5977-9149 A.I. Solobuev, solobuev@mail.ru Kemerovo State Medical University (22a Voroshilova str., Kemerovo, 650056, Russian Federation) В настоящее время значительное внимание уделяется изучению адаптации обучающейся молодежи, которая невозможна без включения социально-психологического и психофизиологического компонентов. Умственная деятельность студентов зачастую сопровождается напряжением основных когнитивных функций, развитием стресс-реакций. Стрессовые ситуации определяются множеством факторов: нарушением суточных ритмов из-за дефицита времени, гиподинамией, вредными привычками, психологическим перенапряжением и утомлением. Характер любого адаптационного процесса, особенно в первый год обучения в вузе, требует максимального напряжения как специфичеких, так и неспецифических функциональных систем организма. Цель обзора: провести анализ материалов исследований по изучению механизмов адаптации студенческой молодѐжи к умственной деятельности. Результаты. Индивидуальные психофизиологические особенности организма во многом определяют эффективность умственной деятельности и успешность адаптации учащейся молодѐжи. Устойчивая адаптация к условиям обучения во многом определяется количественными и качественными характеристиками индивида и имеет для каждого свою «цену», которая в дальнейшем может проявиться в напряжении и изнашивании определенных систем, испытывающих при адаптации наибольшую нагрузку. Обсуждение. Подбор маркеров для оценки успешности адаптации к умственным нагрузкам, особенно к условиям обучения, вызывает определенные трудности. В большинстве работ многих авторов компоненты адаптационного процесса смешиваются и не отражают сам процесс адаптации. Для оценки адаптации необходимы новые подходы к подбору интегральных показателей, с помощью которых можно определить способность человека к адаптации в условиях образовательной среды. Такой подход был предложен В.И. Медведевым (2003), который предлагает в оценку психофизиологического потенциала включить личностные и интеллектуальные характеристики как адаптивно-ресурсную составляющую и комплекс как неспецифических, так и специфических показателей, характеризующих изменения организма при умственной деятельности. Заключение. Установлена роль индивидуальных психофизиологических показателей, обеспечивающих устойчивость организма в условиях учебной деятельности. Currently, considerable attention is paid to the adaptation of students, which is impossible without socio-psychological and psychophysiological factors. The mental activity of students is often accompanied by cognitive stress and stress reactions. Stressful situations are determined by many factors: disrupted daily activities due to time deficit, hypodynamia, bad habits, psychological overstress and fatigue. Any adaptation, especially in the first year at university, requires maximum efforts from all functional systems of the body. The aim of the review: analyze research materials on the mechanisms of adaptation of students to mental activity. Results. Psychophysiological features largely determine the effectiveness of mental activity and successful adaptation of students. Sustainable adaptation to learning environment mostly depends on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of a person and has its own cost, which can later affect certain systems that experience the greatest load during adaptation. Discussion. The selection of markers to assess the effectiveness of adaptation to mental activity, especially in the academic environment, causes some difficulties. Many authors confuse the components of adaptation and do not describe the process itself. Therefore, new approaches to integral indicators are needed to determine the ability of a person to adapt to the academic environment. Such an approach was developed by V. Medvedev (2003), who proposed to assess personal and intellectual characteristics as adaptive resource and a complex of both general and specific indicators that characterized changes during mental activity. Conclusion. The article is based on works about the adaptation of students to mental activity and the role of individual psychophysiological indicators in the academic environment.

Published
2021

4. Психофизиологический потенциал и ресурсы профессионального развития медицинских работников

Subjects
psychophysiological potential, professional development, resources, coping behavior, interns of ambulance service, nurses, doctors-transfusiologists, психофизиологический потенциал, профессиональное развитие, ресурсы, совладающее поведение, интерны скорой медицинской помощи, медсестры, врачитрансфузиологи
Abstract

Цель: изучить выраженность «психофизиологического потенциала» и его взаимосвязи с факторами профессионального развития и профессионального функционирования, с личностными характеристиками и стратегиями совладающего поведения, которые могут выступать в качестве ресурсов профессионального развития врачей-интернов скорой медицинской помощи. Методы: опросник Большая Пятерка (Big-5); копинг-тест Р.С. Лазарус; опросник «Факторы профессионального развития» Петраш М.Д. Выборку составили врачи-интерны скорой медицинской помощи г. Санкт-Петербурга в количестве 114 человек (78 мужчин, 35 женщин). Результаты и обсуждение: проведено изучение психологического содержания профессиональной ситуации развития в группах с разной выраженностью «психофизиологического потенциала» (способность к восстановлению психофизиологического потенциала). Проведен сравнительный анализ полученных данных с данными медицинских работников разных специальностей (врачейинтернов скорой медицинской помощи, врачей-трансфузиологов, медсестер стационаров). Выявлены особенности психологического содержания профессиональной ситуации развития в зависимости от выраженности психофизиологического компонента: при низкой способности к восстановлению психофизиологического потенциала у врачей-интернов скорой помощи отмечается неудовлетворительная оценка собственного профессионального развития, снижается мотивация к деятельности. Высокая способность к восстановлению потенциала способствует позитивной оценке ситуации профессиогенеза, отмечается стремление к самореализации в профессии, целеустремленность, удовлетворенность межличностным взаимодействием. Сопоставление полученных данных с данными медицинских работников разных специальностей выявило схожую картину. Показана роль психофизиологического компонента в профессиональном развитии и его влияние на профессиогенез врачей-интернов. Обнаружено, что психофизиологический компонент является ресурсом удовлетворенности профессиональной деятельностью и самореализации в профессии. Выявлен кризисный характер профессионального развития у интернов со сниженными возможностями восстановления психофизиологического потенциала, который связан с «кризисом профессиональной идентичности»; у медицинских работников других специальностей — с «кризисом профессиональной самореализации». Изучение совладающего поведения выявило неоднозначное проявление копинг-стратегии «планирование решения проблемы». Было показано, что у интернов с высокой способностью к восстановлению резервов данная стратегия способствует целенаправленному и планомерному разрешению проблемной ситуации, обеспечивая, тем самым, конструктивный ход профессиогенеза, а интенсивное использование «планирования решения проблемы» в группах с низким уровнем психофизиологического компонента повышает вероятность чрезмерной рациональности, недостаточную эмоциональность., Purpose: to study expressiveness of "the psychophysiological potential" and its interrelation with factors of professional development and professional functioning, with personal characteristics and strategy of coping behavior which can act as resources of professional development of doctors interns of ambulance service. Methods: Big five personality test; questionnaire "The Professional Development Factors" Petrash M.D.; Coping Questionnaire by R.S. Lazarus. Participants. The sample consisted of 114 interns (doctors) of Ambulance Service from Saint-Petersburg. Participant included 78 males and 35 females between the age of 25 and 32, with a mean age of 26 (SD=3.4). Results: Studying of interrelation of psychophysiological potential and resources of professional development was carried out in groups with different expressiveness of a psychophysiological component. Using cluster analysis, we have identified three groups with different assessment of their "psychophysiological potential". The comparative analysis of the obtained data with data of medical personnel of different specialties (doctorsinterns of ambulanceservice, doctors-transfusiologists, nurses of hospitals) is carried out. Features of the psychological maintenance of a professional situation of development depending on expressiveness of a psychophysiological component are revealed. Conclusion: the conducted research revealed features of the psychological maintenance of a professional situation of development depending on expressiveness of a psychophysiological component (ability to restoration of psychophysiological potential). At low ability to restoration of psychophysiological potential in doctors interns of ambulance the unsatisfactory assessment of own professional development is noted, the motivation to activity (decrease in parameters of professional functioning) decreases. High ability to restoration of potential promotes positive assessment of the situation of professional development, the aspiration to self-realization in professions, agreeableness, satisfaction with interpersonal communication is noted. Comparison of the data concerning the psychological maintenance of a professional situation of development depending on expressiveness of a psychophysiological component at medical personnel of different specialties (doctors-interns of ambulance service, doctors-transfusiologists, nurses of hospitals), revealed a similar picture. The role of a psychophysiological component in professional development and its influence on professional forming of doctors-interns is shown. It is revealed that the psychophysiological component is a resource of satisfaction with professional activity and self-realization in a profession. Also as resources of professional development of doctors-interns of an ambulance service it is possible to consider such personal characteristics, as: agreeableness, consciousness, impulsiveness. Crisis nature of professional development in interns with the lowered opportunities of restoration of psychophysiological potential is revealed. Allegedly, crisis character is caused by change of a status role — transition from a position of the doctor’s assistant to a position of the doctor of ambulance service and is connected with "crisis of professional identity". Correlation of the obtained data with results of medical personnel of other specialties (doctors-transfusiologists and nurses of hospitals), showed existence of a crisis situation of development in groups with low ability to potential restoration which, is connected with "crisis of professional self-realization". Synthesis of these researches allowsto consider a psychophysiological component, as the indicator of psychological resources and professional crises. Interesting data concerning coping-strategy manifestation "Planful Problem Solving" are obtained. Being constructive strategy, in our research the coping proved ambiguously. It was shown that in interns with high ability to restoration of reserves strategy promotes purposeful and systematic permission of a problem situation, providing, thereby, a constructive course of professional forming, and an intensive use of "Planful Problem Solving" in groups with low level of a psychophysiological component, increases probability of the excessive rationality, insufficient emotionality. This fact was confirmed by the correlation analysis.

Published
2014
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