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Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma is an unusual primary tumor of the deep soft tissues. Clinically, skin lesions are usually fastgrowing and aggressive, with a risk of metastasis, and are more common in the paravertebral region and lower limbs. The ultimate diagnosis is made by anatomopathological study. This report describes the case of a 21-year-old patient with a tumor on her right flank that had been present for the past 2 months. She underwent surgery in an emergency department and progressively became more ill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groups of Jungian analysts, which included the present authors, met to discuss four key theoretical concepts, each of which was felt to have problematic aspects if used unquestioningly in contemporary practice. The concepts were: The Primitive, Inner and Outer Worlds, Contrasexuality and Participation Mystique. The discussions were informed by clinical material and specific papers chosen for their critical evaluation of the topic. Four recorded transcripts were made, with permission, for further consideration of the relationship between contemporary Jungian theory and practice using the research method of thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified: Work of Analysis, Frames of Reference and Power Dynamics. The authors discuss the themes in relation to the overarching theme of power, understood as operating at conscious and unconscious levels. The artwork "Cold Dark Matter: An Exploded View" by Cornelia Parker is used as a metaphor in discussing the dynamic of challenging foundational concepts. The authors suggest that power dynamics are intrinsic in both the difficulty and the benefits of critically evaluating key concepts, binding together the theoretical (what informs us) with the clinical (what we do in the consulting room) as well as blowing apart pre‐conceived notions of what underpins the analyst's work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: Although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) have been tested in patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) over the last two decades, no study to date has benchmarked efficacy and toxicity of these drugs in this patient population. METHODS: All phase II and phase III studies of anti-VEGF RTKIs in patients with NETs, published between January 1, 2000 andJuly 31, 2021, across major trial databases, were searched in August 2021 for relevant studies. The primary objectives of the meta-analysis were to compare objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) between patients with pancreatic NETs (pNETs) and extra-pancreatic NETs (epNETs), and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of adverse events between patients receiving anti-VEGF RTKIs and control. RESULTS: 1611 patients were available for the meta-analysis; 1194 received anti-VEGF RTKIs. ORR in pNETs was 18% (95% confidence interval (CI) 13-25%), while ORR in epNETs was 8% (95% CI 5-12%); test for differences between pNETs and epNETs (x12 = 8.38, p

Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent the most common cause of cancer-related death in children aged 0-14 years. They differ from their adult counterparts, showing extensive clinical and molecular heterogeneity as well as a challenging histopathological spectrum that often impairs accurate diagnosis. Here, we use DNA methylation-based CNS tumor classification in combination with copy number, RNA-seq, and ChIP-seq analysis to characterize a newly identified CNS tumor type. In addition, we report histology, patient characteristics, and survival data in this tumor type. We describe a biologically distinct pediatric CNS tumor type (n = 31 cases) that is characterized by focal high-level amplification and resultant overexpression of either PLAGL1 or PLAGL2, and an absence of recurrent genetic alterations characteristic of other pediatric CNS tumor types. Both genes act as transcription factors for a regulatory subset of imprinted genes (IGs), components of the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway, and the potential drug targets RET and CYP2W1, which are also specifically overexpressed in this tumor type. A derived PLAGL-specific gene expression signature indicates dysregulation of imprinting control and differentiation/development. These tumors occurred throughout the neuroaxis including the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and brainstem, and were predominantly composed of primitive embryonal-like cells lacking robust expression of markers of glial or neuronal differentiation (e.g., GFAP, OLIG2, and synaptophysin). Tumors with PLAGL1 amplification were typically diagnosed during adolescence (median age 10.5 years), whereas those with PLAGL2 amplification were diagnosed during early childhood (median age 2 years). The 10-year overall survival was 66% for PLAGL1-amplified tumors, 25% for PLAGL2-amplified tumors, 18% for male patients, and 82% for female patients. In summary, we describe a new type of biologically distinct CNS tumor characterized by PLAGL1/2 amplification that occurs predominantly in infants and toddlers (PLAGL2) or adolescents (PLAGL1) which we consider best classified as a CNS embryonal tumor and which is associated with intermediate survival. The cell of origin and optimal treatment strategies remain to be defined.

This was a two-stage phase II trial of a mTORC1/2 inhibitor (mTORC: mammalian target of rapamycin complex) Sapanisertib (TAK228) in patients with rapalog-resistant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) (NCT02893930). Approved rapalogs such as everolimus inhibit mTORC1 and have limited clinical activity, possibly due to compensatory feedback loops. Sapanisertib addresses the potential for incomplete inhibition of the mTOR pathway through targeting of both mTORC1 and mTORC2, and thus to reverse resistance to earlier rapamycin analogues. In stage 1, patients received sapanisertib 3 mg by mouth once daily on a continuous dosing schedule in 28-day cycle. This trial adopted a two-stage design with the primary objective of evaluating objective tumor response. The first stage would recruit 13 patients in order to accrue 12 eligible and treated patients. If among the 12 eligible patients at least 1 patient had an objective response to therapy, the study would move to the second stage of accrual where 25 eligible and treated patients would be enrolled. This study activated on February 1, 2017, the required pre-determined number of patients (n = 13) had entered by November 5, 2018 for the first stage response evaluation. The accrual of this trial was formally terminated on December 27, 2019 as no response had been observed after the first stage accrual. Treatment-related grade 3 adverse events were reported in eight (61%) patients with hyperglycemia being the most frequent, in three patients (23%). Other toxicities noted in the trial included fatigue, rash diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. The median PFS was 5.19 months (95% CI [3.84, 9.30]) and the median OS was 20.44 months (95% CI [5.65, 22.54]). Due to the lack of responses in Stage 1 of the study, the study did not proceed to stage 2. Thus the potential to reverse resistance was not evident.

Intrathecal IgM production in multiple sclerosis is associated with a worse disease course. To investigate pathogenic relevance of autoreactive IgM in multiple sclerosis, CSF from two independent cohorts, including multiple sclerosis patients and controls, were screened for antibody binding to induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and astrocytes, and a panel of CNS-related cell lines. IgM binding to a primitive neuro-ectodermal tumour cell line discriminated 10% of multiple sclerosis donors from controls. Transcriptomes of single IgM producing CSF B cells from patients with cell-binding IgM were sequenced and used to produce recombinant monoclonal antibodies for characterization and antigen identification. We produced five cell-binding recombinant IgM antibodies, of which one, cloned from an HLA-DR + plasma-like B cell, mediated antigen-dependent complement activation. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, and biochemical and transcriptome analysis of the target cells identified the iron transport scavenger protein SCARA5 as the antigen target of this antibody. Intrathecal injection of a SCARA5 antibody led to an increased T cell infiltration in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. CSF IgM might contribute to CNS inflammation in multiple sclerosis by binding to cell surface antigens like SCARA5 and activating complement, or by facilitating immune cell migration into the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type B semigroups are described as the generalized inverse semigroups in the range of abundant semigroup. Motivated by studying fuzzy congruences in inverse semigroups, and as a continuation of N. Kuroki's work in inverse semigroups and our work in abundant semigroups in terms of fuzzy subsets, this paper considers fuzzy admissible congruences on some classes of type B semigroups. Our main purpose is to show when a fuzzy admissible congruence on a type B semigroup with E-properties is E-properties preserving. In particular, we get some sufficient and necessary conditions for some classes of type B semigroups to be primitive, E-unitary and E-reflexive, respectively. As an application, we extend our results to the cases of inverse semigroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are rare and aggressive members of the small round cell carcinoma family. Generally, PNETs are classified into two main groups: PNETs of the central nervous system and PNETs of the peripheral nervous system. Herein, we report the therapy response assessment of a rare case of isolated cardiac PNET using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging. Given that physiological cardiac FDG uptake is typically observed, assessing FDG avid lesions in the myocardium presents a challenge for [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methylation profiling has radically transformed our understanding of tumors previously called central nervous system primitive neuro-ectodermal tumors (CNS-PNET). While this marks a momentous step toward defining key differences, reclassification has thrown treatment into disarray. To shed light on response to therapy and guide clinical decision-making, we report outcomes and molecular features of children with CNS-PNETs from two multi-center risk-adapted studies (SJMB03 for patients ≥ 3 years; SJYC07 for patients

PurposeEwing sarcoma (ES) is a primitive sarcoma defined by EWSR1-ETS fusions as the primary driver alteration. To better define the landscape of cooperating secondary genetic alterations in ES, we analyzed clinical genomic profiling data of 113 patients with ES, a cohort including more adult patients (> 18 years) and more patients with advanced stage at presentation than previous genomic cohorts.MethodsThe data set consisted of patients with ES prospectively tested with the US Food and Drug Administration-cleared Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets large panel, hybrid capture-based next-generation sequencing assay. To assess the functional significance of ERF loss, we generated ES cell lines with increased expression of ERF and lines with knockdown of ERF. We assessed cell viability, clonogenic growth, and motility in these ES lines and performed transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses. Finally, we validated our findings in vivo using cell line xenografts.ResultsNovel subsets were defined by recurrent secondary alterations in ERF, which encodes an ETS domain transcriptional repressor, in 7% of patients (five truncating mutations, one deep deletion, and two missense mutations) and in FGFR1 in another 2.7% (one amplification and two known activating mutations). ERF alterations were nonoverlapping with STAG2 alterations. In vitro, increased expression of ERF decreased tumor cell growth, colony formation, and motility in two ES cell lines, whereas ERF loss induced cellular proliferation and clonogenic growth. Transcriptomic analysis of cell lines with ERF loss revealed an increased expression of genes and pathways associated with aggressive tumor biology, and epigenetic, chromatin-based studies revealed that ERF competes with EWSR1-FLI1 at ETS-binding sites.ConclusionOur findings open avenues to new insights into ES pathobiology and to novel therapeutic approaches in a subset of patients with ES.

The article considers the issues of developing optimum reef module design. It is a small man-made feature which increases the underwater landscape heterogeneity by means of the flow-through development of the bottom relief into the water column. When creating a reef module, the study proves the feasibility of using as its base part an L-shaped beam, a primitive "bend of a flat interface between the solid and liquid habitats of aquatic organisms (hydrobionts)." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The remarkable skill of changing its grasp status and relocating its fingers to perform continuous in-hand manipulation is essential for a multifingered anthropomorphic hand. A commonly utilized method of manipulation involves a series of basic movements executed by a high-level controller. However, it remains unclear how these primitives evolve into sophisticated finger gaits during manipulation. Here, we propose an adaptive finger gait-based manipulation method that offers real-time regulation by dynamically changing the primitive interval to ensure the force/moment balance of the object. Successful manipulation relies on contact events that act as triggers for real-time online replanning of multifinger manipulation. We identify four basic motion primitives of finger gaits and create a heuristic finger gait that enables the continuous object rotation of a round cup. Our experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Despite the constant breaking and reengaging of contact between the fingers and the object during manipulation, the robotic hand can reliably manipulate the object without failure. Even when the object is subjected to interfering forces, the proposed method demonstrates robustness in managing interference. This work has great potential for application to the dexterous operation of anthropomorphic multifingered hands.

The primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) in female reproductive system is clinically rare. There is no standard treatment regimen, and the prognosis is very poor. We report one case of unusual ovarian PNET, menstrual abnormality was the main symptom. There was a history of uterine leiomyoma. The serum tumor markers were not significantly increased. Meanwhile, there was no abnormal imaging findings. On October 20, 2022, the laparoscopic total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy and bilateral ovariectomy was given under endotracheal general anesthesia. Postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of ovarian small round cell malignant tumor. After surgery, the alternating chemotherapy with vincristine, doxorubicin liposomes, cyclophosphamide-ifosfamide and etoposide was given 5 cycles and showed no recurrence. By summarizing the clinical characteristics of such a rare tumor, it aims to improve clinicians′ understanding of the disease, so as to provide early diagnosis and effective treatment, and to improve the survival of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma IDH-wildtype presents with a wide histological spectrum. Some features are so distinctive that they are considered as separate histological variants or patterns for the purpose of classification. However, these usually lack defined (epi-)genetic alterations or profiles correlating with this histology. Here, we describe a molecular subtype with overlap to the unique histological pattern of glioblastoma with primitive neuronal component. Our cohort consists of 63 IDH-wildtype glioblastomas that harbor a characteristic DNA methylation profile. Median age at diagnosis was 59.5 years. Copy-number variations and genetic sequencing revealed frequent alterations in TP53, RB1 and PTEN, with fewer gains of chromosome 7 and homozygous CDKN2A/B deletions than usually described for IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. Gains of chromosome 1 were detected in more than half of the cases. A poorly differentiated phenotype with frequent absence of GFAP expression, high proliferation index and strong staining for p53 and TTF1 often caused misleading histological classification as carcinoma metastasis or primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Clinically, many patients presented with leptomeningeal dissemination and spinal metastasis. Outcome was poor with a median overall survival of only 12 months. Overall, we describe a new molecular subtype of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma with a distinct histological appearance and genetic signature.

For many European nations, the Middle Ages became the site of their national origins. However, in scholarship of the same era, the period has been subject to infantilizing defamation and dismissal, even by those who claimed to bemedievalists. Studies of medieval art and literature, discussion of medieval music, historiography about the period, and so on have assessed the Middle Ages as a time of naïveté, superstition, and violence by individuals who were not fully formed. To this day, the termmedieval carries the derogatory connotation of "primitive." This language is strikingly similar to discourse about colonized and other peoples who were contemporary with the researchers of the period. Focusing on a luminary scholar of the Middle Ages, the art historian Émile Mâle, this essay explores the link between the study of the medieval sense of beauty and the discourse concerning the aesthetics of the art of colonized and indigenous peoples to consider a particular dynamic of European identity formation around the turn of the twentieth century. It argues that the medieval self, pushed away by the teleological model of history, pulled in by nationalism, ruptures and leads to recognition of an unstable European identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In adult mammals, spermatogenesis embodies the complex developmental process from spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) to spermatozoa. At the top of this developmental hierarchy lie a series of SSC subpopulations. Their individual identities as well as the relationships with each other, however, remain largely elusive. Using single-cell analysis and lineage tracing, we discovered both in mice and humans the quiescent adult SSC subpopulation marked specifically by forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2). All spermatogenic progenies can be derived from FOXC2+ SSCs and the ablation of FOXC2+ SSCs led to the depletion of the undifferentiated spermatogonia pool. During germline regeneration, FOXC2+ SSCs were activated and able to completely restore the process. Germ cell-specific Foxc2 knockout resulted in an accelerated exhaustion of SSCs and eventually led to male infertility. Furthermore, FOXC2 prompts the expressions of negative regulators of cell cycle thereby ensures the SSCs reside in quiescence. Thus, this work proposes that the quiescent FOXC2+ SSCs are essential for maintaining the homeostasis and regeneration of spermatogenesis in adult mammals.

In this work, we establish some new results on Asymptotically periodic functions and S -Asymptotically omega periodic functions. The obtained results is the extension of those established recently in the literature. Then we establish many interesting results on those functions, namely their characterization, we give also the sufficient conditions under which their primitive remain in the same space. The existence of mean value for such functions. All sections are illustrated by examples or counter examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suppose that a finite solvable group G acts faithfully, irreducibly and quasi-primitively on a finite vector space V , and G is not metacyclic. Then G always has a regular orbit on V except for a few "small" cases. We completely classify these cases in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we investigate the differential geometric characteristics of pedal and primitive curves in a Minkowski plane. A primitive is specified by the opposite structure for creating the pedal, and primitivoids are known as comparatives of the primitive of a plane curve. We inspect the relevance between primitivoids and pedals of plane curves that relate with symmetry properties. Furthermore, under the viewpoint of symmetry, we expand these notions to the frontal curves in the Minkowski plane. Then, we present the relationships and properties of the frontal curves in this category. Numerical examples are presented here in support of our main results.

Strobilanthes virendrakumarana Venu and P. Daniel karyotype was found to be a mixoploid one with 2n = 20 + 0–1B and reveals the karyotype formula as 2 nsm(–) + 18 nm + 0–1B. The plant is endemic to Southern Western Ghats of Kerala. The basic set of chromosomes was found to be x = 10. The plant shows mixoploidy with four different chromosome counts from hypoploid (10 + 0 – 1B), diploid (20 = 0–1B) and hyperploid chromosome complements (30 + 0 – 2B, 40 + 0 – 2B). The karyotype formula of hyperploid cell was 2 nsm(–) + 8 nm + 0–1B. In hypoploid cells with 30 and 40 chromosomes the resulted karyotype formula were 30 nm + 0–2 B and 6 M + 34 nm + 0–2 B respectively. The total chromosome length of diploid complement was 45.34 μm with an average chromosome length of 2.2 μm. The detailed karyomorphometrical analysis of the plant reveals that is a primitive one with symmetric karyotype. The presence of B-chromosomes in the genus Strobilanthes is reporting for the first time. Ploidy level changes may be due to the prolonged flowering periodicity of the plant which enables them to survive by propagating through vegetative mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a former work, we introduced a new class of functions, which we call measure pseudo S$$ \mathcal{S} $$‐asymptotically omega periodic functions and give some properties of those functions as the topological properties of the space of such functions, the invariance by translation of this space, and the convolution product in this space. In this paper, we consider the same class of functions and give contributions as the stability by the integral operator; we present some examples and composition results. Then we apply the obtained results to investigate the existence of measure pseudo S$$ \mathcal{S} $$‐asymptotically omega periodic mild solutions for some nonlinear infinite delay integral equations arising in epidemiology; exactly, we consider the nonlinear infinite delay integral equation: x(t)=α(t)x(t−β)+∫−∞ta(t−s)f(s,x(s))ds+g(t,x(t))fort∈ℝ.$$ x(t)=\alpha (t)x\left(t-\beta \right)+{\int}_{-\infty}^ta\left(t-s\right)f\left(s,x(s)\right) ds+g\left(t,x(t)\right)\kern0.5em \mathrm{for}\kern0.4em t\in \mathbb{R}. $$Then we apply these results to a finite delay integral equation when the delay is time dependent x(t)=α(t)x(t−β)+∫t−γ(t)tf(s,x(s))ds+g(t,x(t))fort∈ℝ.$$ x(t)=\alpha (t)x\left(t-\beta \right)+{\int}_{t-\gamma (t)}^tf\left(s,x(s)\right) ds+g\left(t,x(t)\right)\kern0.5em \mathrm{for}\kern0.4em t\in \mathbb{R}. $$ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The porous and cellular architecture of scaffolds plays a significant role in mechanical strength and bone regeneration during the healing of fractured bones. In this present study, triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS)‐based gyroid and primitive lattice structures were used to design the cellular porous biomimetic scaffolds with different unit cell sizes (4, 5, and 6). The fused filament fabrication‐based 3D printing technology was used for the fabrication of polylactic acid scaffolds. The surface morphology and mechanical compressive strength of differently structured scaffolds were observed using scanning electron microscopy and a universal testing machine. The unit cell size of 4 showed higher compressive strength in both gyroid and primitive structured scaffolds compared to unit cell sizes 5 and 6. Moreover, the gyroid structured scaffolds have higher compressive strengths as compared to primitive structured scaffolds due to the higher bonding surface area at the intercalated layers of the scaffold. Hence, the mechanical strength of scaffolds can be tailored by varying the unit cell size and cellular structures to avoid stress shielding and ensure implant safety. These TPMS‐based scaffolds are promising and can be used as bone substitute materials in tissue engineering and orthopedic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the trend of divergence and fragmentation of different sections of Astragalus in the Old World has been investigated. Based on previous studies, Astragalus species are divided into three groups: primitive, intermediate, and advanced. The distribution maps of each of these groups in the Old World were presented in the study. The primitive group consists mainly of herbaceous sections with simple hairs and an old drought-tolerant section with woody stems and bifurcating hairs that are densely distributed in Asia and Africa and scattered in Europe. The intermediate group, with thorny cushion shapes, is often scattered in the Zagros and Alborz mountains, mountainous regions of Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan, and extend from the east to Afghanistan, the Hindu Kush, and the southern parts of the Himalayas. The results of the study show that the distribution pattern of the advanced group is very heterogeneous and its pattern is consistent with the primitive group. The simple hair sections are often scattered below 35 degrees north latitude and the bifurcated hairs sections are more frequently distributed above 35 degrees north latitude. Annual Astragalus species are heterogeneously distributed in all three main groups. In all three groups, parallel evolution has taken place at the level of sections and species. At each point of distribution, their number has a limited distribution. In addition, some species have achieved non-genetic diversity by functional or regulatory genetic, hereditary or structural mechanisms and created distinct species that have adapted in nature to the ecological conditions of the same areas and continue to regenerate with even more distributions.

We characterise the primitive 2-closed groups G of rank at most four that are not the automorphism group of a graph or digraph and show that if the degree is at least 2402 then there are just two infinite families or G ⩽ A Γ L 1 (p d) , the 1-dimensional affine semilinear group. These are the first known examples of non-regular 2-closed groups that are not the automorphism group of a graph or digraph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human behaviors, with whole-body coordination, involve large-scale sensorimotor interaction. Spontaneous bodily movements in the early developmental stage potentially lead toward acquisition of such coordinated behavior. These movements presumably contribute to the structuration of sensorimotor interaction, providing specific regularities in bidirectional information among muscle activities and proprioception. Whether and how spontaneous movements, despite being task-free, structure and organize sensorimotor interactions in the entire body during early development remain unknown. Herein, to address these issues, we gained insights into the structuration process of the sensorimotor interaction in neonates and 3-mo-old infants. By combining detailed motion capture and musculoskeletal simulation, sensorimotor information flows among muscle activities and proprioception throughout the body were obtained. Subsequently, we extracted spatial modules and temporal state in sensorimotor information flows. Our approach demonstrated that early spontaneous movements elicited body-dependent sensorimotor modules, revealing age-related changes in them, depending on the combination or direction. The sensorimotor interactions also displayed temporal non-random fluctuations analogous to those seen in spontaneous activities in the cerebral cortex and spinal cord. Furthermore, we found recurring state sequence patterns across multiple participants, characterized by a substantial increase in infants compared to the patterns in neonates. Therefore, early spontaneous movements induce the spatiotemporal structuration in sensorimotor interactions and subsequent developmental changes. These results implicated that early open-ended movements, emerging from a certain neural substrate, regulate the sensorimotor interactions through embodiment and contribute to subsequent coordinated behaviors. Our findings also provide a conceptual linkage between early spontaneous movements and spontaneous neuronal activity in terms of spatiotemporal characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The symbol is used as an expressive method in art and literature, through which an idea or a state of mind is suggested, but also as a conventional way used in science and technology to note certain notions, operations, quantities or formulas. In approaching the casuistry of symbols, a certain ranking, a classification of them must be followed, depending on their appearance, as well as their evolution. Mythical symbols have their origin in the earliest age of mankind, the primitive age about which we have little constituent elements and information. The creative thought of primitive man revolved, at first, around a small number of objects - it formed a confused mixture of them. The moon its decrease - the disk eaten by an animal - hunting - animal, this is how the ideas of the prehistoric man succeeded from one object to another. The hand - muscular effort - the imprint of the hand - tracing its outline - the hand next to the animal - success in hunting, formed a chain in the consciousness of prehistoric man. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney (PNETk) is a very aggressive rare disease that mainly affects young men. Case report: A 19-year-old male patient with symptoms of abdominal pain, hematuria and a palpable mass, the tomography shows a large left renal tumor. Conventional radical nephrectomy was performed and sent for pathology study plus histochemistry, resulting in PNETk. The patient then continued his oncology management for chemotherapy initially. Conclusion: The PNETk that we describe represents the first case reported in our country, it constitutes a unique clinical entity due to its rarity, being a challenge to make a diagnosis and its behavior and management is still based on case reports due to its infrequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the base sizes of finite quasiprimitive permutation groups of twisted wreath type , which are precisely the finite permutation groups with a unique minimal normal subgroup that is also non-abelian, non-simple and regular. Every permutation group of twisted wreath type is permutation isomorphic to a twisted wreath product G = T k : P acting on its base group Ω = T k , where T is some non-abelian simple group and P is some group acting transitively on k = { 1 , ... , k } with k ⩾ 2. We prove that if G is primitive on Ω and P is quasiprimitive on k , then G has base size 2. We also prove that the proportion of pairs of points that are bases for G tends to 1 as | G | → ∞ when G is primitive on Ω and P is primitive on k . Lastly, we determine the base size of any quasiprimitive group of twisted wreath type up to four possible values (and three in the primitive case). In particular, we demonstrate that there are many families of primitive groups of twisted wreath type with arbitrarily large base sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive manufacturing has made it possible to create complicated geometries and lattice structures, and it is also the greatest approach for producing nature-inspired cellular structures. Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) cellular structure, which is additively built, has a high strength-to-weight ratio, making it useful in various applications, including structural weight reduction, biomedical, aerospace, and impact absorption. TPMS is a natural-inspired surface with zero mean curvature and a local minimal area. The type of structure, loading mechanism, unit cell characteristics, and relative density significantly affect the structure’s strength and stiffness. As a result, this article will cover the history, classification, characteristics, manufacturing processes, failure mechanism, and applications of the TPMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show generic existence of functions f in the Hardy space H p (0 < p < 1) on the open unit disc whose primitive F(f) satisfies the following. For every a > p 1 - p and every A , B ∈ R , A < B it holds sup 0 < r < 1 ∫ A B | F (f) (r e i θ) | a d θ = + ∞. Results of similar nature are valid when the space H p is replaced by localized versions of it, 0 < p < 1 , or intersections of such spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let q > 1 be an integer, and let D = { 0 , a , b } with { a , b } ≡ { - 1 , 1 } (mod 3) . It is well known that the self-similar measure μ 3 q , D generated by the iterated function system τ d (x) = x + d 3 q d ∈ D is a spectral measure with a spectrum Λ (3 q , C) = ∑ j = 0 n (3 q) j c j : c j ∈ C = { - q , 0 , q } and n ∈ N. In this paper, we study a class of primitive numbers α so that we can judge whether α Λ (3 q , C) is a spectrum for μ 3 q , D . Moreover, by applying the properties of congruences and the order of elements in the finite group, we give some conditions on prime numbers α and β such that the scaling set α β Λ (3 q , C) is also a spectrum of μ 3 q , D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many years, odontogenic tumors have been known to present both clinical and histopathological challenges due to their origins in the epithelial, ectomesenchymal, and/or mesenchymal components of tooth-forming tissues. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of both common and rare odontogenic tumors is crucial for their effective study and clinical management. One particularly puzzling tumor is the "plexiform ameloblastoma," a variant of the solid multicystic ameloblastoma. This term describes a distinct pattern of epithelial proliferation within the cystic cavity. Numerous studies have emphasized the variability of the stromal component, further highlighting the enigmatic nature of ameloblastoma. The presence of unique and rare features, such as primitive, mature desmoplastic, hemangiomatous, or ghost cells within the stroma of plexiform ameloblastoma, underscores the differentiation potential of the neoplastic odontogenic epithelium and offers significant insights into the tissue reactions associated with this condition. This case review discusses four instances of plexiform ameloblastoma, illustrating various atypical stromal changes and their influence on patient prognosis. It also provides important criteria for analyzing stromal alterations related to this complex odontogenic tumor., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest This is to hereby state that, the author, have no financial support for the publication or writing of this manuscript. All the authors have significantly contributed for the writing, revising and final formatting of the manuscript and the respective files attached with it. Also, the authors have no conflicts regarding the publication of this manuscript amongst themselves., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumours (PEComas) are a growing family of tumours composed of histologically and immunohistochemically distinctive perivascular epithelioid cells. Cutaneous primitive PEComas (cPEComas) are very rare, with 65 cases described in the English literature, and occur as a painless lesion predominantly in female patients, with a wide age range. We present a new case of cPEComa found on the left thigh of a 53-year-old patient with histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular information. The lesion was positive for HMB-45 and focal for smooth muscle actin and desmin but negative for melan-A, S-100 protein, CD31, and CD34. Next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis demonstrated the presence of genomic aberration for baculoviral IAP repeats containing BIRC3 splice site 1622-27_1631del37. Although there are little molecular data regarding this entity, our case adds to this knowledge, considering the importance of detecting genomic aberrations in the context of specific therapies such as mTOR inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nasal conchae increase the surface area of these cavities, thus providing for rapid warming and humidification of air and by regulating nasal airflow, play a role in immune surveillance because they are the first intranasal structures to come into contact with outside air. The present study aimed to depict the onset time of the first appearance and origin as well as developmental changes of Nasal conchae. This study was carried out on 116 rabbit embryos and fetuses of both sexes. all specimens of the heads assembled for normal histological technique, stained with H&E. Some were processed for scanning E/M. At day13: The primitive nasal cavity was surrounded by a condensa - tion of mesenchymal tissue giving rise the miniature of the nasal capsule (Fig.8). As well, the anlage of the ventral nasal concha was detected in the lateral nasal wall. At day14: The secondary nasal septum appeared as a wedge like structure formed of mesenchymal connective tissue. It was covered ventrally by a thin layer of undifferentiated epithelium which faced the dorsum of the tongue through the primitive choana. At D16: the nasal cavity and the dorsal and ventral conchae plugged inside the nasal cavity and separated by the middle meatus and surrounded externally by nasal capsule. The caudodorsal part of the future nasal cavity demonstrated many folds forming the future ethomoidal conchae. At Day 18: there were many processes which were differentiated into ectoturbinates and endoturbi - nates in the ethmoidal region. At Day 20: At the ethmoidal region of nasal cavity showed nerve bundles extended from the covering epithelium toward the olfactory bulb. At Day 22: The core of fold contained the cartilaginous extension of ventral nasal conchae was clear. The cells of the olfactory mucous membrane were differentiated and the shape of the nuclei of its cells was tapered in the basal cell layer or rounded or oval in the intermediate layers. At Day 25: The ethmoidal conchae had primary and secondary branches housing in between ethmoidal meatuses. The top of the ethmoidal conchae was capped by olfactory epithelium [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows how some early-modern British travellers found in the idea of travelling among and writing about Arabs an opportunity to reflect on a changing society at home. In Enlightenment Britain, many philosophers and writers thought of economic achievements as the roadmap to civility, humanity and progress. Many conservative moralists and clergymen of the period, however, protested this ideology and associated excessive materialism with moral decline, but they were not the dominant force in society. British travel writings about Arabs during the period confirmed and unsettled this dominant discourse. In these accounts, the images of primitive and polite Arabs appeared as screens upon which British anxieties about improvement were projected. This paper concludes with the contention that British travel writers appeared more concerned about their own society than about those about whom they wrote. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]