Search

According to 2019 statistical data, the nationwide surgical volume reached 69.3 million patient cases, with pulmonary surgeries constituting a vital component and showing an annual increase. However, as the number of surgeries rises, so does the incidence of perioperative complications, including thrombosis, which adversely affects patient outcomes. Therefore, understanding of the causes, risk factors, and mechanisms of thrombosis in the context of pulmonary surgeries, as well as implementing effective preventive measures, can mitigate the adverse effects of thrombosis related to pulmonary surgeries. This article discusses the incidence, risk factors, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis of postoperative thrombosis in pulmonary surgeries, aiming to provide new insights for related clinical research.

This report presents a rare case of thrombophilia – thrombosis of the ovarian vein in combination with thrombosis of the right common iliac vein. The symptoms were initially interpreted as acute appendicitis that led to the decision to perform laparoscopy. Thereafter, a different diagnosis – acute endometritis, acute salpingo-oophoritis – was proposed. As the subsequent treatment resulted in no improvement, a CT scan was performed to detect thrombi of a typical localizations and a mass in the uterus area, which turned out to be a poor-differentiated adenocarcinoma. In the patient’s medical history, multiple signs of family thrombophilia were found; further laboratory tests also pointed to the diagnosis of thrombophilia. Considering the previously performed surgery and the confirmed thrombophilia of rare localization, permanent anticoagulant therapy was recommended.

Cancer is a risk factor for thrombotic complications, while activation of the hemostatic system contributes to the growth and metastasis of the tumor tissue. The paper presents the modern ideas of the pathogenetic features of the interaction of the hemostatic system and immune systems in terms of tumor growth. First category of such factors we refer to as "specific tumor-dependent", the second – as "general pathological risk factors", the third – as "therapy-dependent" risk factors. Pathogenesis of interaction "hemostatic system – tumor tissue – immune system" includes factors related to the response to the tumor: inflammation, acute phase reaction, dysproteinemia, focal necrosis, hemodynamic abnormalities, as well as specific factors caused by the tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Namely: procoagulant and fibrinolytic activity of cancer cells and their interaction with platelets, mononuclear macrophages and endothelium, angiogenesis, iatrogenic aspects (chemoherapy, hormone therapy). Tumor cells activate the coagulation cascade or fibrinolysis system, providing conditions for its further spread, stimulation of angiogenesis, increased vascular permeability, which in turn promotes metastasis.

After the first observations A. Trousseau in 1865, it is exist a host of studies on the relationship between the pathogenesis of cancer and thrombosis. There is now no doubt that the cancer patients occur much more frequently thromboembolism, and migratory venous thrombosis is a manifestation of paraneoplastic syndrome in cancer patients. In general, any manifestation of thrombohemorrhagic complications in cancer patients called Trousseau’s syndrome. While thrombotic complications such as venous thromboembolism are most frequent in cancer patients, may also experience severe bleeding symptoms due to systemic coagulopathies, including disseminated intravascular coagulation, haemolytic thrombotic microangiopathy, and hyperfibrinolysis. The basis of the pathophysiology of Trousseau’s syndrome, except the classic triad of Virchow, is overproduction of tissue factor, the main initiator of extrinsic coagulation pathway. Thus a significant release of microparticles from tumor cells bearing tissue factor is critical not only for the formation of a blood clot, but the growth and progression of tumors. Tumor cells activate the coagulation cascade or fibrinolysis system, providing conditions for its further spread, stimulation of angiogenesis, increased vascular permeability, which in turn promotes metastasis

Copyright of Gefaesschirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Klinische Wochenschrift is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect of orally administered hydroxchloroquine sulfate on thrombus formation at microvascular sites as measured by flap viability was studied using an animal model designed to give a high baseline rate of non-viability. Abdominal flaps were raised in ten treated and ten untreated animals; hydroxychloroquine sulfate appeared to have no effect on flap viability as a measure of thrombus formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]