484 results on '"preconsolidation pressure"'
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2. 含水合物土一维压缩特性.
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颜梦秋, 黄永茂, 顾 翔, 颜荣涛, 杨德欢, 于海浩, 徐玉博, and 陆 地
- Abstract
The property of one-dimensional compression for hydrate-bearing soil is an important means to analyze the deformation of hydrate-bearing strata. Based on the physical properties of sediments from SH3 boreholes in Shenhu sea area of the South China Sea, fine-grained soil was artificially prepared as hydrate occurrence medium, and hydrate-bearing soil samples were formed and one-dimensional compression tests were carried out. The effects of hydrate saturation and ambient temperature on the compression deformation of hydrate-bearing soil were studied. The test results show that as the saturation of hydrates increases and the ambient temperature decreases, the soil containing hydrates becomes more difficult to compress and its compressibility decreases. The influence of hydrate saturation and ambient temperature on pre-yield compression index and swelling index is not obvious, but the increase of hydrate saturation and decrease of ambient temperature will significantly reduce the pre-yield compression index and increase the preconsolidation pressure. The formation of hydrate fills the pore space and solidifies soil particles, but the decrease of environmental temperature makes the cementation more obvious, and it is difficult for the soil particles and hydrate particles to move and rearrange, so the soil is difficult to be compressed and the overall structure becomes stronger and stronger as the pre-consolidation pressure increases. According to the analysis, the empirical relationship between the preconsolidation pressure and the hydrate saturation is proposed, and the mathematical expression which can effectively describe the one-dimensional compression curve is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Effect of Sample Disturbance on Compressibility Parameters
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Rajkumar, Lamsani, Arti Sudam, P., Madhira, Madhav, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Muthukkumaran, Kasinathan, editor, Jakka, Ravi Sankar, editor, Parthasarathy, C. R., editor, and Soundara, B., editor
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- 2023
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4. Load-Bearing Capacity of an Oxisol under Burned and Mechanized Harvest Sugarcane Crops.
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Silva Araújo, Fernando, Menezes de Souza, Zigomar, Soares Souza, Gustavo, Barboza da Silva, Reginaldo, Aguilera Esteban, Diego Alexander, and Moraes Tavares, Rose Luiza
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The change in land use and the expansion of mechanized sugarcane production systems have led to an increase in soil compaction levels. Preconsolidation pressure may be used as a useful measure for soil mechanical state, management, and planning of mechanization systems. This study aimed to assess the soil compressive behavior, soil physical properties, and spatial variability of preconsolidation pressure of an Oxisol in sugarcane fields under burned harvest and mechanized harvest and the effects of land use change. The physical soil attributes (granulometry, soil water content, bulk density, total porosity, and macro and microporosity) and preconsolidation pressure were evaluated at 0.00–0.10-m, 0.10–0.20-m, and 0.20–0.30-m layers. The soil load-bearing capacity models were constructed from σ
p values for soil water contents. We mapped the assessed soil attributes from crossing points in a sampling mesh with regular 10 m intervals in each area and evaluated them via geostatistics. Land-use change towards sugarcane production systems promoted soil compaction. The mechanized harvesting system increased the soil load-bearing capacity in the water range corresponding to the friability region in subsurface layers. The preconsolidation pressure and soil water content exhibited spatial dependence in the sugarcane areas, regardless of the management system employed in the harvesting operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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5. Compactibility of cohesive soils from tablelands as influenced by cassava wastewater
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Raissa Homem Gonçalves, Júlio César Azevedo Nóbrega, Davi Ney Santos, Reginaldo Barboza da Silva, Ayodele Ebenezer Ajayi, and José Maria de Lima
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Preconsolidation pressure ,soil density ,moisture content ,G-force ,centrifugation. ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Consolidation tests give important insights into soil compactibility. However, it requires equipment that is not always available. The costal tablelands in Northeastern Brazil have extensive areas of cohesive soils where compaction is an expressive problem. This region is a prominent producer of food and fibers with cassava as one of the leading products. Part of the cassava is used for flour production, generating wastewater, which is often applied as organic fertilizer to the soil. This can affect the compaction properties of soil due to its dispersing-flocculating characteristics. Uniaxial-compression tests and mathematical models are the primary methods to measure or estimate soil compaction. This study measured soil compression with a centrifuge, seeking a simple-quick method. We used specific loads (stainless-steel cylinders: mass) and increasing G-force (weight) to simulate the pressure on the samples used in most consolidation apparatus. Soils, sampling layers, and the presence of cassava wastewater (manipueira) were also compared since they may affect compactibility-related attributes. Samples of a Gray Cohesive Argisol and Dystrocohesive Yellow Latosol (depths of 0-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m) from the Tablelands of the state of Bahia, Brazil, were used. Wastewater affected water-dispersible clay, aggregate stability, pH, ∆pH, flocculation, and organic carbon, thus influencing compactibility but not the moisture and maximum density measured by the Proctor test. Centrifugation caused lower density than the Proctor test. The results were close to those estimated by the mathematical models, thus considered a promising alternative to estimating consolidation. This method also provides insight into the root growth-limiting density and the moisture content that leads to it.
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- 2023
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6. Inverse distance weighted (IDW) and kriging approaches integrated with linear single and multi-regression models to assess particular physico-consolidation soil properties for Kirkuk city
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Raheem, Aram Mohammed, Naser, Ibrahim Jalal, Ibrahim, Mohammed Omar, and Omar, Najat Qader
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- 2023
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7. An open-source application software to determine the preconsolidation pressure of soils in incremental loading oedometer testing: pySigmaP
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Exneyder A. Montoya-Araque, A.J. Aparicio-Ortube, David G. Zapata-Medina, and Luis G. Arboleda-Monsalve
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Open-source application software ,Python 3 ,Preconsolidation pressure ,Soil ,Oedometer testing ,Computer software ,QA76.75-76.765 - Abstract
This paper presents pySigmaP, an open-source application software developed in Python 3 under the object-oriented paradigm to determine the preconsolidation pressure, σp′, of soils in incremental loading oedometer testing. pySigmaP was implemented with nine methods: Casagrande, Pacheco Silva, Butterfield, Oikawa, Becker et al., Morin, Onitsuka et al., Wang and Frost, and Boone. Analytical and numerical methods were employed to minimize numerical bias and scale dependency when performing graphical constructions for the determination of σp′. Procedure and numerical application of each method were also presented. pySigmaP provides a more objective and straightforward analysis to estimate σp′of a soil deposit using those nine widely accepted methods.
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- 2022
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8. APPLICABILITY OF SHANSEP METHOD IN EVALUATION OF PRECONSOLIDATION PRESSURE.
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Youssouf, Chalabi, Philippe, Reiffsteck, and Abdeldjalil, Zadjaoui
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This article presents an experimental study on 81 specimens made from three different mixtures of clay and sand. To ensure uniform initial parameters, all specimens were prepared with an initial water content of 30%. Two series of unconsolidated undrained shear tests under different overconsolidation ratios were conducted on a direct shear apparatus: the first aims to determine the SHANSEP (Stress History and Normalized Soil Engineering Properties) parameters namely S and m, whereas the second is used for evaluating the preconsolidation pressure. This work has provided an opportunity to investigate the influence of sand content on SHANSEP parameters and moreover to study the reliability of the preconsolidation stress estimated by the SHANSEP procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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9. Compactibility of cohesive soils from tablelands as influenced by cassava wastewater
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Gonçalves, Raissa Homem, Nóbrega, Júlio César Azevedo, Santos, Davi Ney, Silva, Reginaldo Barboza da, Ajayi, Ayodele Ebenezer, and Lima, José Maria de
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Pressão de pré-consolidação ,G-force ,teor de umidade ,centrifugação ,soil density ,força G ,Preconsolidation pressure ,densidade do solo ,centrifugation ,moisture content - Abstract
Consolidation tests give important insights into soil compactibility. However, it requires equipment that is not always available. The costal tablelands in Northeastern Brazil have extensive areas of cohesive soils where compaction is an expressive problem. This region is a prominent producer of food and fibers with cassava as one of the leading products. Part of the cassava is used for flour production, generating wastewater, which is often applied as organic fertilizer to the soil. This can affect the compaction properties of soil due to its dispersing-flocculating characteristics. Uniaxial-compression tests and mathematical models are the primary methods to measure or estimate soil compaction. This study measured soil compression with a centrifuge, seeking a simple-quick method. We used specific loads (stainless-steel cylinders: mass) and increasing G-force (weight) to simulate the pressure on the samples used in most consolidation apparatus. Soils, sampling layers, and the presence of cassava wastewater (manipueira) were also compared since they may affect compactibility-related attributes. Samples of a Gray Cohesive Argisol and Dystrocohesive Yellow Latosol (depths of 0-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m) from the Tablelands of the state of Bahia, Brazil, were used. Wastewater affected water-dispersible clay, aggregate stability, pH, ∆pH, flocculation, and organic carbon, thus influencing compactibility but not the moisture and maximum density measured by the Proctor test. Centrifugation caused lower density than the Proctor test. The results were close to those estimated by the mathematical models, thus considered a promising alternative to estimating consolidation. This method also provides insight into the root growth-limiting density and the moisture content that leads to it. RESUMO Os testes de consolidação fornecem informações importantes sobre a compactabilidade do solo. No entanto, eles requerem equipamentos especiais, disponíveis em poucos laboratórios no Brasil. Esta região é uma proeminente produtora de alimentos e fibras em solos coesos. Esses solos apresentam problemas frequentes de compactação. Como a mandioca é um dos principais produtos, suas águas residuais (manipueira) são frequentemente utilizadas para adubação. Esse uso pode afetar a compactação devido à sua influência na dispersão-floculação de partículas. A compressão uniaxial e modelos matemáticos são as principais formas de medir ou estimar a compactação do solo. Aqui, a compressão foi medida com um teste alternativo de centrifugação usando amostras deformadas, buscando um método alternativo simples e rápido. Foram usadas cargas específicas (cilindros de aço inoxidável: massa) e força G crescente (peso) em centrífuga, para simular a pressão nas amostras usadas na maioria dos aparelhos de consolidação. Os solos, as camadas de amostragem e a presença de água residuária (manipueira) também foram comparados, pois podem afetar os atributos relacionados à compactabilidade. Foram utilizadas amostras de Argissolo Cinzento Coeso e Latossolo Amarelo Distrocoeso (profundidades de 0-0,20 m e 0,20-0,40 m), ambos provenientes dos Tabuleiros costeiros do estado da Bahia, Brasil. A água residual afetou o teor de argila dispersa em água, a estabilidade dos agregados, o pH, o ∆pH, a floculação e o teor de carbono orgânico, influenciando a compactabilidade, mas não a umidade e a densidade máxima medidas pelo teste de Proctor. Embora a centrifugação tenha proporcionado menor densidade do que o teste de Proctor, os resultados foram comparáveis àqueles estimados pelos modelos matemáticos. Este método também forneceu informações sobre a densidade, próxima aos valores que limitam o crescimento da raiz, e o teor de umidade que leva a essa densidade limitante.
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- 2023
10. Soil load support capacity increases with time without soil mobilization as a result of age-hardening phenomenon.
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Moraes, Moacir Tuzzin de, Luz, Felipe Bonini da, Debiasi, Henrique, Franchini, Julio Cezar, and Silva, Vanderlei Rodrigues da
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SOILS , *SOIL compaction , *OXISOLS , *TILLAGE , *DENSITY - Abstract
Highlights • Age-hardening phenomena were analysed by soil load support capacity in no-tillage. • For the same bulk density and water content, soil strength was higher over time without soil mobilization. • No-tillage over time increases the soil load support capacity due particle bond strengthening. Abstract Soil compaction is a result of soil compression, and this effect depends on the pressure applied and the soil structure. Nevertheless, studies regarding the effects of long-term tillage systems on strengthening of particle bonds are scarce. Thus, we aimed to study the soil bond strengthening due to the age-hardening phenomenon using the soil load support capacity model of an Oxisol managed under different tillage systems in Southern Brazil. Soil samples were collected from three soil layers (0.0–0.10 m; 0.10–0.20 m and 0.20–0.30 m) and five soil tillage systems of conventional tillage; minimum tillage with chiselling performed every year or every three years; and no-tillage for 11 or 24 years. Age-hardening was investigated using the soil load support capacity model. Soil cores were equilibrated at four matric potentials (−6, −33, −100 and −500 kPa) and submitted to uniaxial compression tests to obtain preconsolidation pressure. The soil load support capacity models were affected by the tillage systems. The long-term no-tillage presented the highest soil load support capacity for the same bulk density and water content in all layers, demonstrating greater resistance to additional compaction. Higher preconsolidation pressure values in long-term no-tillage at the same soil bulk density and water content were attributed to the age-hardening phenomena, which increased the number and strength of bonds among soil particles, leading to higher soil cohesion. Longer time under no-tillage improves the soil structure and soil load support capacity. Thus, soil mobilization strongly affected the soil structure by breaking particle bonds leading to the greater compaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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11. Structural Quality of an Oxisol Under Conventional Soil Tillage and Predecessor Crops in Sugarcane Rotation.
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Do Prado, Eber Augusto Ferreira, Vitorino, Antonio Carlos Tadeu, Garcia, Rodrigo Arroyo, da Silva, Cesar Jose, and Mauad, Munir
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Alternating crops at the time of sugarcane rotation can improve soil physical quality, mainly through the action of the root system. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of crops on the structural quality of a Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico (Rhodic Hapludox) in a conventional soil tillage system under sugarcane rotation. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with five replicates. The five studied crops were Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Glycine max (L.) Merrill (soybean), and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, sorghum variety saccharine BRS 506, in addition to a fallow treatment. After the vegetative cycle of the crops, undisturbed soil samples were collected at two depths (0.15 and 0.25 m). The predecessor crops to the sugarcane plantation altered the physical water soil attributes at both the evaluated depths. The C. juncea crop increased the least limiting water range, but reduced the soil load-bearing capacity. The sorghum variety saccharine under conventional soil tillage exhibited the highest load-bearing capacities, but was associated with the lowest soil structural quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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12. Modelling the Thermo-plasticity of Unsaturated Soils
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François, Bertrand, Laloui, Lyesse, Yang, Qiang, editor, Zhang, Jian-Min, editor, Zheng, Hong, editor, and Yao, Yangping, editor
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- 2013
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13. Nonlinear Calculation Method for One-Dimensional Compression of Soils
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Eris Uygar and Bashar Alibrahim
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Nonlinear system ,Discontinuity (linguistics) ,Multidisciplinary ,Settlement (structural) ,Compressibility ,Bilinear interpolation ,Geotechnical engineering ,Preconsolidation pressure ,Compression (physics) ,Divergence (statistics) ,Mathematics - Abstract
Soil settlement is an essential criterion in the design and performance assessment of geotechnical structures, often evaluated using results from one-dimensional compression test. However, assessment of the results from this test involves graphical methods, which produces inconsistent interpretations on the parameters to be used in design. The nonlinear compressibility curve is also subjected to bilinear idealization with divergence from the actual behavior at high stresses. In order to overcome these problems, a nonlinear mathematical formulation is developed to represent the soil compressibility with high precision over a wide range of stresses. The adequacy of the formulation is validated against a large and diverse dataset comprised of different geological materials, including undisturbed and reconstituted soils as well as stabilized soils. The proposed formulation is dependent on two fitting coefficients, which are defined in terms of commonly used compressibility parameters compression index, recompression index and preconsolidation pressure. A single expression is also derived to calculate soil settlement without numerical discontinuity. Finally, a method for evaluation of swelling pressure of soils is also developed using the parameters of the same mathematical formulation.
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- 2021
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14. DETERMINATION THE PRECONSOLIDATION PRESSURE OF EEMIAN GYTTJA TAKEN FROM WARSAW CITY TEST SITE, POLAND.
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Bajda, Marek and Malinowska, Edyta E.
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SOIL consolidation , *MECHANICAL stress analysis , *GEOTECHNICAL engineering , *SUBSOILS , *SEISMIC response - Abstract
The preconsolidation pressure is an important parameter that determines the value of stress history exerted in the past on the subsoil in the geotechnical engineering. The Eemian gyttja is an organic soft soil from the "Zoliborz channel" located in Warsaw. These soils are used as a base construction in the foundation engineering. The laboratory tests that can be used to determinate the preconsolidation pressure, mainly uses the relationship between the stress and void ratio or strain. In practical geotechnical engineering, evaluation of stress history is based on the overconsolidation ratio OCR. The overconsolidation ratio OCR is one of the basic parameters for the geotechnical design of the structure. Determination of this parameter using for example dilatometer tests is usually based on empirical formulas which were established in different countries. Therefore regional geotechnical conditions could have substantially affected on the empirical relationships. The laboratory tests were made in the automatic oedometer and the in situ tests were carried out on the seismic dilatometer test (SDMT). Some methods have been compared. The paper presents results of determination the preconsolidation pressure of Eemian gyttja from the laboratory and in situ tests. The studies have shown that the values of the overconsolidation ratio determinate from the laboratory tests are a little higher than determinate from the in-situ tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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15. Hydrophysical Quality of an Oxisol Under a No-tillage System with Alternative Crops to Renew a Sugarcane Field.
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Do Prado, Eber Augusto Ferreira, Vitorino, Antonio Carlos Tadeu, Garcia, Rodrigo Arroyo, and da Silva, Cesar Jose
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Maintaining crop residues on the surface of soils with the possibility of renewing sugarcane fields could be a key factor for improving the structural quality of the soil. The objective of the present study was to assess the structural quality of soil after the use of alternative crops under a no-tillage system in the restoration of a sugarcane field, by the least-limiting water range (LLWR) and the load-bearing capacity (LBC) models. The study utilized a randomized block design in a banded scheme, with six treatments and five replications. Two soil depths were evaluated: 0.15 and 0.25 m. The five crops studied were
Crotalaria juncea ,C. ochroleuca ,Helianthus annuus (sunflower),Glycine max (L.) Merrill (soybean), andSorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (sorghum), in addition to a fallow treatment. The highest LBC values in the 0.15 m depth were provided by the treatment grouping of soybean–sorghum until the water content reached 0.26 m3 m−3 ; after this value, the highest LBC values were provided by theC. ochroleuca –C. juncea –sunflower–soybean treatment grouping. In the 0.25 m depth, the highest LBC values were provided by theC. juncea –sunflower–sorghum treatment grouping until the water content reached 0.26 m3 m−3 ; after this value, the highest LBC values were provided by the fallow–soybean grouping for water content reaching 0.50 m3 m−3 . The crops used prior to sugarcane planting modified the physical and water properties of the soil at the two depths evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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16. Reassessment of Isotaches Compression Concept and Isotaches Consolidation Models.
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Mesri, Gholamreza and Kane, Thierno
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HISTOSOLS , *SOIL particles , *SOIL structure , *STRAIN rate , *COMPRESSIVE force - Abstract
A substantial body of laboratory and field observations on compression and consolidation of soft clay and silt deposits as well as organic soils, suggest a soil behavior according to Hypothesis A and the Cα=Cc law of compressibility. Yet the isotaches compression concept and isotaches consolidation models have been used to predict and promote Hypothesis B and also create confusion regarding the Cα=Cc law of compressibility. There is a lack of observed evidence supporting Hypothesis B as it was originally defined. The isotaches compression concept consists of expressing secondary compression observed for 20-mm thick laboratory specimens in terms of vertical strain versus effective vertical stress, for a series of vertical strain rates. The isotaches consolidation models, without justification, then either explicitly or implicitly use secondary compression observed for laboratory specimens during primary consolidation of field layers. These Hypothesis B-based settlement analyses are expected to significantly overestimate end-of-primary (EOP) settlement for field construction on soft ground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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17. Study of Effect of Pre-consolidation Pressure by Simulating Plate Load Test using Hypo-elastic Model for Soil
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Swamy, H. M. Rajashekhar and moorthy, Krishna
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- 2014
18. The use of modelling to determine the limiting conditions for resuming soil loading by tractor in an area of sugar cane under reduced tillage
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Filho de Araújo, Ana Laura, Alves de Souza, Cristiano Marcio, Soares Arcoverde, Sálvio Napoleão, Graciano Maciak, Paulo Alexandre, Tanaka Suárez, Andrés Hideki, Filho de Araújo, Ana Laura, Alves de Souza, Cristiano Marcio, Soares Arcoverde, Sálvio Napoleão, Graciano Maciak, Paulo Alexandre, and Tanaka Suárez, Andrés Hideki
- Abstract
The marked growth of the sugar and alcohol sector has promoted an increase in the fleet of heavy agricultural vehicles to meet the demand for commodities; however, the intense traffic of machines in areas of insufficient soil moisture has resulted in compaction, compromising the productivity of the sugar cane. In order to determine the optimal conditions for resuming the use of tractors under a reduced tillage system, the bearing capacity was evaluated and stress distribution was modelled in a dystroferric Red Latosol cultivated with sugar cane. Soil sampling was carried out during the first ratoon crop at 120 days, using metallic cylinders installed at a depth of 0.05 m in the crop rows and 0.15 m between rows. The samples were submitted to the uniaxial compression test to determine the preconsolidation pressure of the soil. The reduced tillage gave the lowest bearing capacity at the soil surface (0.05 m), while the highest values were found at a depth of 0.15 m. The bearing capacity proved to be an efficient indicator for analysing the structural degradation of the soil by demonstrating the compressibility of the various layers and sampling positions resulting from reduced tillage and the impact of agricultural machines in the field. The prediction model for traction and soil stress distribution that was employed was able to predict the optimal performance of the tractor, and provide stress data that would allow a study of the limiting water content for the traffic of agricultural tyre tractors.
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- 2022
19. Experimental Investigation into Compressive Behaviour and Preconsolidation Pressure of Structured Loess at Different Moisture Contents
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Yali Xu, Kang Cheng, Gang Lei, Cheng-wei Zhu, and Panpan Guo
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QE1-996.5 ,Article Subject ,Consolidation (soil) ,Moisture ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Geology ,Preconsolidation pressure ,02 engineering and technology ,Compression (physics) ,Oedometer test ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Loess ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Geotechnical engineering ,Water content ,Size effect on structural strength ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering - Abstract
This paper investigates the influence of the structured property of loess on its compressive behaviour and proposes a new method for determining the preconsolidation pressure of structured loess soil. A series of oedometer tests were carried out on undisturbed and remoulded loess samples prepared at various moisture contents. The effects of moisture content on the structured yield stress, the preconsolidation pressure, and the structural strength were also captured. It was found that the influence of the structured property of loess on the compression behaviour is divergent between undisturbed and remoulded loess samples. The discrepancy before and after structural yielding is more remarkable for the undisturbed soil. The Casagrande method realized through the MATLAB program can effectively eliminate human factors and accurately calculate the corresponding preconsolidation pressure for undisturbed soil. The effects of moisture content on the method for determining the preconsolidation pressure considering the structured property of loess were discussed. The determination method can accurately evaluate the loess consolidation state in loess regions. The influencing rules which the moisture content exerts on the structured yield stress, the preconsolidation pressure, and the structural strength all conform to exponential functions. The study is of great significance to correctly differentiating the foundation consolidation states and calculating the ground settlement in loess regions.
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- 2021
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20. Committee neural network for estimating preconsolidation pressure from piezocone test result
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Kim, Y.S. and Park, H.I.
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- 2012
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21. Alterações estruturais e mecânicas de solo de várzea cultivado com arroz irrigado por inundação Structural and mechanical changes in a lowland soil under flooded rice
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Marcelo Ivan Mentges, José Miguel Reichert, Paulo Ivonir Gubiani, Dalvan José Reinert, and Alencar Xavier
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pressão de preconsolidação ,índice de compressão ,elasticidade do solo ,preconsolidation pressure ,compression index ,soil elasticity ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
A conversão de área natural para área de uso agrícola pode degradar a estrutura do solo, favorecendo a ocorrência de compactação. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as alterações nas propriedades físico-hídricas e mecânicas de um Gleissolo Háplico provocadas pela conversão de um campo natural antropizado para área de cultivo de arroz irrigado. Propriedades físico-hídricas (densidade, porosidade total, macro e microporosidade, índice de vazios e retenção de água) e mecânicas (pressão de preconsolidação, índice de compressão, coeficiente de descompressão e índice de recuperação) foram avaliadas nos horizontes A1 (0,0-0,25 m), A2 (0,25-0,51 m), Cg1 (0,51-0,92 m) e Cg2 (0,92-1,20+ m) em solo sob campo antropizado sem uso agrícola e nos horizontes Ap (0,0-0,17 m), A (0,17-0,40 m), Cg1 (0,40-0,70 m) e Cg2 (0,70-1,00+ m), em solo cultivado com arroz irrigado. Oito anos de cultivo de arroz sob preparo convencional e irrigação por inundação não alteraram significativamente as propriedades físico-hídricas e mecânicas, de acordo com a análise de agrupamentos. Porém, o cultivo de arroz aumentou a densidade do solo e reduziu o índice de vazios, a porosidade total e a macroporosidade. A relação da elasticidade com a densidade do solo, a porosidade total e o índice de vazios foi influenciada pelo tipo de estrutura, pois maiores compressões e descompressões ocorreram nos horizontes de estrutura prismática, em comparação aos horizontes de estrutura maciça.The conversion of natural areas for agricultural use can degrade the soil structure and increase the occurrence of compression. This study aimed to evaluate changes in the physico-mechanical and hydro-physical properties of an Endoaqualf, caused by the conversion of a natural area into a rice field. Hydro-physical (density, porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, void ratio, and water retention) and mechanical properties (preconsolidation pressure, compression index, coefficient of decompression, and recovery rate) were evaluated in the horizons A1 (0.0-0.25 m), A2 (0.25-0.51 m), Cg1 (0.51-0.92 m) and Cg2 (0.92-1.20+ m) in soil of a natural area and in Ap (0.0-0.17 m), A (0.17-0.40 m), Cg1 (0.40-0.70 m) and Cg2 (0.70-1.00+ m) of soil under rice. Cluster analysis showed that eight years of conventionally tilled rice under flood irrigation did not significantly alter the physico-mechanical and hydro-physical properties. However, rice cultivation increased bulk density and reduced the void ratio, total porosity and macroporosity. The ratio of elasticity with bulk density, porosity and void ratio was affected by the type of soil structure, since compression and decompression were higher in horizons with prismatic than with massive structure.
- Published
- 2013
22. Consolidation Characteristics of Artificially Structured Kaolin-Bentonite Mixtures with Different Pore Fluids
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Duong Van Hao and Nguyen Thanh Duong
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Article Subject ,Consolidation (soil) ,Chemistry ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,020101 civil engineering ,Preconsolidation pressure ,02 engineering and technology ,Atterberg limits ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Saline water ,Oedometer test ,0201 civil engineering ,Distilled water ,Chemical engineering ,Bentonite ,medicine ,TA1-2040 ,Swelling ,medicine.symptom ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
The consolidation characteristics of kaolin, bentonite, their mixtures, and natural clays have been widely evaluated. However, the effect of pore fluid on the consolidation characteristics of artificially structured kaolin-bentonite mixtures should be more investigated. In this study, the oedometer tests were carried out on mixtures of kaolin with 10%, 20%, and 30% bentonite reconstituted with distilled water and 1 M NaCl. The testing samples with an “artificial structure” were prepared using the preconsolidation procedure. The test results show that bentonite greatly affects the consolidation behavior of mixture samples, especially when the pore fluid is distilled water. In the case of distilled water, the addition of bentonite to kaolin clay significantly increased the compression index (Cc), swelling index (Cs), and coefficient of volume change (mv). In this case, themvof mixture samples increased significantly at low effective axial stress (σ′a) levels (less than the preconsolidation pressure) and then decreased as theσ′afurther increased. In the case of 1 M NaCl as the pore fluid, theCc,Cs, andmvslightly changed with the increase of bentonite content. The research results also confirmed that the effect of saline water on the compression index was noticeable when the liquid limit of soil with distilled water was higher than 110%, and the compression index of soil with distilled water was higher than 1. Regarding the coefficient of consolidation (Cv), theCvof kaolin sample increased as theσ′aincreased, and this trend was independent of the pore fluid chemistry. By contrast, theCv − σ′atrend of mixture samples depended not only on the pore fluids but also on the stress level.
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- 2020
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23. Determination of the red bed soft rock’s apparent preconsolidation pressure
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Josephine Musanyufu, Li Song, Hongjian Liao, Longlong Lv, and Yingpeng Fu
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Geotechnical engineering ,Preconsolidation pressure ,Geology - Published
- 2020
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24. Modeling the combined effect of time and temperature on normally consolidated and overconsolidated clays
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Yang-Ping Yao, Jilin Qi, and Lingming Kong
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010102 general mathematics ,Constitutive equation ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Preconsolidation pressure ,02 engineering and technology ,Strain rate ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,01 natural sciences ,Solid mechanics ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Hardening (metallurgy) ,Geotechnical engineering ,0101 mathematics ,Time variable ,Geology ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering - Abstract
Clay is under the coupling influence of both time and temperature in some innovative geomechanical problems. Previous experimental researches have confirmed that time and temperature affect the overconsolidation degree of clay and induce overconsolidated characteristics. However, the experimental findings have not been included in constitutive models so far. This paper presents an innovative thermo-viscoplastic constitutive model based on the unified hardening model for overconsolidated clay. The new model combines the effect of time and temperature on overconsolidation by incorporating a temperature variable and a time variable into the hardening law and simultaneously considers the overconsolidated characteristics of clay by using the unified hardening parameter. The simulated results for laboratory tests show that the proposed model can not only reflect the influence of temperature and strain rate on the preconsolidation pressure, the undrained shear strength and the flow rule, but also describe the failure after undrained heating and creeping.
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- 2020
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25. Compressibilidade de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo trafegado e escarificado Compressibility of a trafficked and chiseled Alfisol
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Eduardo Saldanha Vogelmann, Marcelo Ivan Mentges, José Miguel Reichert, David Peres da Rosa, Cláudia Alessandra Peixoto de Barros, and Dalvan José Reinert
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compactação do solo ,pressão de preconsolidação ,coeficiente de compressão ,cultivo mínimo ,soil compaction ,preconsolidation pressure ,coefficient of compressibility ,chiseling ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
O tráfego de máquinas agrícolas é considerado uma das principais fontes da compactação do solo. Uma prática utilizada para minimizar os efeitos da compactação é a escarificação, porém a haste escarificadora pode causar compactação subsuperficial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do tráfego de máquinas na compressibilidade de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico arênico, de textura franco arenosa e avaliar o comportamento mecânico desse solo abaixo da linha de atuação da haste escarificadora. Os tratamentos investigados foram: semeadura direta há 13 anos, semeadura direta há 13 anos com tráfego adicional (intensidade de tráfego de 24,67Mg km ha-1), cultivo mínimo recém implantado e cultivo mínimo recém implantado com tráfego adicional. Para a determinação da densidade do solo, de índice de vazios, da pressão de preconsolidação e do coeficiente de compressão, foram coletadas amostras nas camadas de 0,0-0,10m, 0,10-0,20m, 0,20-0,30m e 0,30-0,40m. O tratamento semeadura direta há 13 anos apresentou a menor capacidade de suporte e maior suscetibilidade à compactação. A intensidade de tráfego de 24,67Mg km ha-1 aumentou a densidade do solo e reduziu o índice de vazios até 0,20m. A escarificação não afetou a pressão de preconsolidação e o coeficiente de compressão do solo na camada abaixo da linha de atuação da ponteira do escarificador.Farm machinery wheeling is considered a major source of soil compaction. The use of chisel plow can minimize such effects, but the chisel can cause subsurface compaction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of traffic and is present below the compaction layer thought compressive parameters of soil. The treatments investigated were: no-tillage, no-tillage with additional traffic (traffic intensity of 24.67Mg km ha-1), no-tillage chiseling recent implanted, no-tillage with additional traffic and chiseling recent implanted. For the density, void ratio, preconsolidation pressure and coefficient of compressibility determination in the layers 0.0-0.10m, 0.10-0.20m, 0.20-0.30m and 0.30 to 0.40m samples were collected. The treatment no-tillage showed the lowest load support capacity and greater susceptibility to compaction. The traffic intensity of 24.67Mg km ha-1 increased bulk density and decreased void ratio until 0.30m depth. The chisel plow did not affect the preconsolidation pressure and coefficient of compressibility of soil layer below the line of action of the chisel tip.
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- 2012
26. The Calculations on Haarajoki Test Embankment with the Finite Element Program Plaxis 6.31
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Aalto, A., Rekonen, R., Lojander, M., Kaliszky, Sandor, editor, Sayir, Mahir, editor, Schneider, Wilhelm, editor, Bianchi, Giovanni, editor, Tasso, Carlo, editor, and Cividini, Annamaria, editor
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- 1998
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27. Propriedades físicas e mecânicas de latossolos em diferentes manejos florestais Physical and mechanical properties of Latosols in different forest management
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Arystides Resende Silva, Moacir de Souza Dias Junior, and Fernando Palha Leite
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Compactação do solo ,densidade do solo ,volume total de poros ,pressão de preconsolidação ,mecanização florestal ,Eucalyptus spp ,Soil compaction ,soil density ,total porosity ,preconsolidation pressure ,forest mechanization ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Com a intensa mecanização das operações florestais, a compactação do solo, causada pelo tráfego, pode ser limitante para a obtenção de maiores produtividades.Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar as alterações em algumas propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos seguintes Latossolos: a) Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo devido a distintas intensidades de tráfego e carga de um Forwarder na Região de Santa Maria de Itabira, MG; b) Latossolo Amarelo e um Latossolo Vermelho devido à distintas intensidades de tráfego de um Forwarder sobre diferentes condições de disposição de resíduos nas Regiões de Belo Oriente e São João Evangelista, MG. Na Região de Santa Maria de Itabira, foram coletadas, nas profundidades de 0-3 e 10-13 cm, 10 amostras indeformadas onde não houve tráfego e na linha de tráfego o Forwarder percorreu 2, 4 e 8 vezes e no local esse passou 4 vezes com 1/3, 2/3 e 3/3 de sua carga. Nas Regiões de Belo Oriente e São João Evangelista, foram coletadas 20 amostras indeformadas na linha de tráfego e o Forwarder trafegou 2 e 8 vezes, em quatro condições de disposição de resíduos. As amostras indeformadas foram utilizadas nos ensaios de compressão uniaxial. Determinaram-se também as características físicas e químicas dos solos. Todas as intensidades tráfego e carga do Forwarder na Região de Santa Maria de Itabira causaram compactação no solo, principalmente na profundidade de 10-13 cm. Nas Regiões de Belo Oriente e São João Evangelista, o número de passadas do Forwarder igual a 8 foi a que causou maior compactação do solo, sendo essa minimizada nas condições de resíduos galhada mais casca e galhada.With the intense mechanization of forest operations, soil compaction, caused by the traffic, may limit high productivities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the alterations in the physical and mechanical properties of the following Latosol: a) Red-Yellow Latosol due to different traffic intensities and load of a Forwarder in the Santa Maria de Itabira region - MG; b) Yellow Latosol and a Red Latosol due to different traffic intensities of a Forwarder on different residue disposition in the Belo Oriente and São João Evangelista regions, MG. In the Santa Maria de Itabira region, it were collected at 0-3 and 10-13 cm depths, 10 undisturbed soil samples with no traffic and where the Forwarder trafficked 2, 4 and 8 times and in the place where the Forwarder trafficked 4 times with 1/3, 2/3 and 3/3 of its load. In the Belo Oriente and São João Evangelista regions, 20 undisturbed soils samples were collected in the traffic line where the Forwarder trafficked 2 and 8 times, in four conditions of residue disposition. The undisturbed soil samples were used in the uniaxial compression. It was also determined, physical and chermical characteristics of the soils. All the traffic intensities and load of the Forwarder in the Santa Maria de Itabira region caused soil compaction mainly at 10-13 cm depth. I the Belo Oriente and São João Evangelista regions, the number of passes of the Forwarder equal to 8 caused greater compaction of the soil, being minimized, in the residue conditions of Brushwood plus Bark and Brushwood.
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- 2010
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28. Compactação de solos cultivados com cana-de-açúcar: I -modelagem e quantificação da compactação adicional após as operações de colheita Compaction of soils cultivated with sugarcane: I - modeling and quantification of the additional soil compaction after harvest operations
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Eduardo da C. Severiano, Geraldo C. de Oliveira, Moacir de S. Dias Júnior, Matheus B. de Castro, Luiz F. C. de Oliveira, and Katia A. de P. Costa
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Saccharum sp. ,mecanização da colheita ,pressão de preconsolidação ,capacidade de suporte de carga do solo ,mechanized harvesting ,preconsolidation pressure ,soil bearing capacity ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
A colheita mecanizada da cana-de-açúcar, quando realizada em épocas da safra em que o solo se encontra com conteúdos inadequados de água, tem sido responsável pela compactação do solo e a redução da produtividade nos ciclos posteriores da cultura. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito das operações de colheita da cana-de-açúcar em diferentes épocas da safra sobre a pressão de preconsolidação em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (LVA) e em um Cambissolo Háplico (CX). A colheita mecanizada consistiu no tráfego de duas passadas de uma colhedora de cana e do conjunto trator + transbordo em cada entrelinha da cultura. As amostras indeformadas foram utilizadas na determinação dos modelos de capacidade de suporte de carga do solo e na quantificação da compactação em decorrência da colheita mecanizada nos meses de novembro de 2005, março e agosto de 2006, e colheita manual sem tráfego, em março de 2006, por ser a época de maior intensidade pluvial. A porcentagem de amostras de solo, na região onde ocorre compactação adicional, indicou que o CX foi mais resistente à compactação que o LVA. A colheita mecanizada da cana-de-açúcar, mesmo sendo realizada na zona de friabilidade, causou compactação do solo, enquanto a colheita realizada manualmente não promoveu o mesmo efeito.The mechanized harvesting of sugarcane when accomplished in times of crop where the soil meets the inappropriate water contents has been responsible for soil compaction and reduction of yield in subsequent cycles of the crop. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the harvesting operations of sugarcane at different times of the crop on preconsolidation pressure in a Red-Yellow Latosol (LVA) and in a Haplic Cambisol (CX). Mechanized harvesting traffic consisted of two passes of a sugarcane harvester and tractor + sugarcane transfer in each interrow of the culture. Undisturbed soil samples were used to determine the soil bearing capacity models and quantification of soil compaction due to mechanical harvesting in the months of November 2005, March and August 2006, and manual harvesting without traffic, in March 2006, because it is a time of greater rainfall intensity. The percentage of soil samples, in the region where additional soil compaction occurs, indicated that the CX was more resistant to compaction than the LVA. A mechanized harvesting of sugarcane being held in the friability zone caused soil compaction while the harvest accomplished manually did not cause the same effect.
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- 2010
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29. Comparison of estimation methods of soil strength in five soils Aplicação de diferentes métodos para estimar a resistência de cinco solos
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Ayodele Ebenezer Ajayi, Moacir de Souza Dias Junior, Nilton Curi, Cezar Francisco Araujo Junior, Olanike Olaiya Aladenola, Thiago Tadeu Teixeira Souza, and Alberto Vasconcellos Inda Junior
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pressão de preconsolidação ,resistência à penetração ,capacidade de suporte de carga ,Penetration resistance ,preconsolidation pressure ,load support capacity ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
In agriculture, the soil strength is used to describe the susceptibility to deformation by pressure caused by agricultural machine. The purpose of this study was to compare different methods for estimating the inherent soil strength and to identify their suitability for the evaluation of load support capacity, compaction susceptibility and root growth. The physical, chemical, mineralogical and intrinsic strength properties of seven soil samples, collected from five sampling pits at different locations in Brazil, were measured. Four clay (CS) and three sandy clay loam (SCL) soils were used. The clay soils were collected on a farm in Santo Ângelo, RS (28 º 16 ' 16 '' S; 54 º 13 ' 11 '' W 290 m); A and B horizons at the Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG (21 º 13 ' 47 '' S; 44 º 58 ' 6'' W; 918 m) and on the farm Sygenta, in Uberlandia, MG (18 º 58 ' 37 '' S; 48 º 12 ' 05 '' W 866 m). The sandy clay loam soils were collected in Aracruz, ES (19 º 47 ' 10 '' S; 40 º 16 ' 29 '' W 81 m), and on the farm Xavier, Lavras, MG (21 º 13 ' 24 '' S; 45 º 05 ' 00 '' W; 844 m). Soil strength was estimated based on measurements of: (a) a pneumatic consolidometer, (b) manual pocket (non-rotating) penetrometer; and (c) automatic (rotating) penetrometer. The results of soil strength properties were similar by the three methods. The soil structure had a significant influence on soil strength. Results of measurements with both the manual pocket and the electric penetrometer were similar, emphasizing the influence of soil texture. The data showed that, to enhance the reliability of predictions of preconsolidation pressure by penetrometers, it is better to separate the soils into the different classes, rather than analyze them jointly. It can be concluded that the consolidometer method, although expensive, is the best when evaluations of load support capacity and compaction susceptibility of soil samples are desired.Na agricultura, a resistência do solo é usada para descrever a suscetibilidade a deformação através da pressão causada pelas máquinas agrícolas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar diferentes métodos para estimar a resistência do solo e identificar suas potencialidades para avaliar a capacidade de suporte de carga, a suscetibilidade à compactação e o crescimento de raiz. Os atributos físicos, químicos, mineralógicos e de resistência de amostras de solo, coletadas em cinco trincheiras situadas em várias localidades no Brasil, foram medidos neste estudo. Quatro solos muito argilosos (CS) e três franco-argiloarenosos (SCL) foram usados. Os solos argilosos foram coletados em um Fazenda em Santo Ângelo, RS (28 º 16 ' 16 '' S; 54 º 13 ' 11 '' W; 290 m); e os horizontes A e B, na Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG (21 º 13 ' 47 '' S; 44 º 58 ' 6 '' W; 918 m), e na Fazenda da Syngenta, Uberlândia, MG (18 º 58 ' 37 '' S; 48 º 12 ' 05 '' W; 866 m). Os solos franco-argiloarenosos foram coletados em Aracruz, ES (19 º 47 ' 10 '' S; 40 º 16 ' 29 '' W; 81 m), e na Fazenda Xavier, Lavras, MG (21 º 13 ' 24 '' S; 45 º 05 ' 00 '' W; 844 m). A resistência dos solos foi obtida com um consolidômetro pneumático, penetrômetro de bolso manual (não giratório) e um penetrômetro automatizado (giratório). Os resultados da resistência do solo foram similares nos três métodos. A estrutura do solo influenciou significativamente sua resistência. Medições com o penetrômetro de bolso manual e o automatizado produziram resultados semelhantes, indicando influência da textura do solo. Os resultados mostraram que, para aumentar a confiabilidade na predição da pressão de preconsolidação usando penetrômetros, é melhor separar os solos em diferentes classes texturais do que analisá-las juntas. Apesar de o método do consolidômetro ser caro, conclui-se que este é o melhor método quando são desejadas avaliações da capacidade de suporte de carga e da suscetibilidade à compactação do solo.
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- 2009
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30. Relações do parâmetro S para algumas propriedades físicas de solos do sul do Brasil Relationships of the S parameter of some physical properties of soils of southern Brazil
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Carlos Arnoldo Streck, Dalvan José Reinert, José Miguel Reichert, and Rainer Horn
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estrutura do solo ,qualidade do solo ,conteúdo de matéria orgânica do solo ,pressão de pré-consolidação do solo ,soil structure ,soil quality ,soil organic matter content ,preconsolidation pressure ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
O parâmetro S representa o valor da inclinação da curva de retenção de água no seu ponto de inflexão. Um aumento nos valores de S indica uma ampla distribuição de tamanho de poros, condizente com condições estruturais que estabelecem um adequado funcionamento físico do solo. Neste trabalho, testou-se a sensibilidade do parâmetro S, proposto na literatura, em relação a algumas propriedades físicas de solos do Sul do Brasil. O parâmetro S não se relacionou com o teor de argila total, nem com o teor de argila dispersa dos sete solos utilizados neste trabalho. Para o grupamento dos solos argilosos e muito argilosos, o parâmetro S apresentou decréscimo exponencial com o aumento da densidade do solo e um crescimento exponencial com o aumento da matéria orgânica do solo. Nesses solos, a água disponível às plantas aumentou de forma linear (ADP= 3,19*S) passando pela origem e a pressão de pré-consolidação reduziu exponencialmente com o aumento do valor de S. Conclui-se que o parâmetro S apresentou sensibilidade para determinar a qualidade física dos solos de textura argilosa e muito argilosa.The S index corresponds to the slope of the soil water retention curve at its inflection point. A high S value indicates the presence of structural pores, which are essential for a good soil physical condition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the index of soil physical quality (S), as proposed in the literature for some physical properties of soils from Southern Brazil. In the seven soils used here, no relationship was found between clay and water dispersible clay content with soil physical quality index S. However, in soils with high clay content, the S index decreases with an increase in soil bulk density and increases with an increase in soil organic matter content. For a given texture class, plant available water increased linearly (PAW= 3.19*S) to the origin and the preconsolidation pressure decreased exponentially with the increasing S index. The S index is sensitive to be used as an index of soil physical quality for soils with a high clay content.
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- 2008
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31. Atributos físico-hídricos de um latossolo de cerrado em diferentes posições de amostragem na lavoura cafeeira Physical-hydric attributes of an oxisol from the cerrado region under coffee plantation as affected by the sampling position
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Ivoney Gontijo, Moacir de Souza Dias Junior, Paulo Tácito Gontijo Guimarães, and Cezar Francisco Araujo-Junior
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ensaio de compressão uniaxial ,pressão de preconsolidação ,estrutura do solo ,água no solo ,Coffea arabica L. ,uniaxial compression test ,preconsolidation pressure ,soil structure ,soil porosity ,soil water ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
A compactação do solo, ocasionada por diferentes intensidades de tráfego, pode provocar danos à estrutura do solo, limitando a produção em lavouras cafeeiras. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver modelos de capacidade de suporte de carga para um Latossolo sob Cerrado, cultivado com cafeeiros, bem como investigar os efeitos do manejo da lavoura cafeeira na distribuição de poros e na retenção de água, em diferentes posições na lavoura cafeeira. O estudo foi realizado em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico localizado nas coordenadas de 18 º 59 ' 15 '' S e 46 º56 ' 47 '' W, cultivado com cafeeiros (Coffea arabica L.) em espaçamento de 4 x 1 m, implantado no ano de 19no mu95 nicípio de Patrocínio, MG. As diferentes posições de amostragem na lavoura cafeeira foram: projeção da saia (PS), linha de tráfego (LT) e centro da entrelinha (EL). Além disso, amostras indeformadas também foram coletadas na mata nativa (MN) para obter os modelos de capacidade de suporte de carga. Em cada posição de amostragem foram coletadas amostras deformadas e indeformadas na profundidade de 10-13 cm, para avaliação dos seguintes atributos físico-hídricos: pressão de preconsolidação (σp), umidade gravimétrica (U), densidade do solo (Ds), porosidade total (PT), macroporosidade (Ma), microporosidade (Mi), curva de retenção de água no solo, teor de matéria orgânica (MO), textura, densidade de partículas e limites de liquidez, plasticidade e contração. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a capacidade de suporte de carga do Latossolo decresceu na seguinte ordem: LT > MN = PS > EL. O solo sob a posição EL foi mais suscetível à compactação em virtude da menor capacidade de suporte de carga, devido a uma subsolagem realizada meses antes da amostragem, reduzindo a sua resistência mecânica. O solo sob MN e a PS apresentaram mesma capacidade de suporte de carga, indicando a manutenção de uma estrutura favorável para o crescimento do sistema radicular do cafeeiro. A água disponível foi maior para o solo nas posições EL e PS e menor para a LT e MN; o solo sob a LT mantém maior microporosidade em relação à EL desestruturada pela subsolagem.The soil compaction, induced by different traffic intensities, can cause damage in the soil structure, reducing the coffee plantation production. The objectives of this study was to develop a model of load support capacity for a Red Latosol (Oxisol) under Cerrado and under coffee and to investigate the effect of coffee plantation management on soil pore distribution and soil water retention, in different sampling positions in the coffee plantation. The stud site is located at 18 º 59 ' 15 '' S and to 46 º 56 ' 47 '' W Patrocínio county, Minas Gerais State, and has been cultivated with coffee (Coffea arabica L.), at a 4 x 1 m spacing, since 1995. The different sampling positions in the coffee plantation were: under canopy (PS), cart track (LT) and in the middle of the interrows (EL). Besides, samples were also collected in a native cerrado vegetation (MN) to obtain the soil load capacity models. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected at each sampling point at a depth of 10-13 cm to assess the following physical-hydric attributes: preconsolidation pressure (σp), gravimetric moisture content (U), bulk density (Ds), total porosity (PT), macropores (Ma), micropores (Mi), soil water retention curve, organic matter (MO), texture, particle density and liquid, plastic, and contraction limits. The results obtained suggest that the load support capacity of the soil decreases in the following order: LT > MN = PS > EL. The EL position was most susceptible to soil compaction due to lower load support capacity associated with subsoiling just before sampling, decreasing the soil mechanical resistance. The soil load support capacity under MN and PS was homogeneous, indicating a soil structure favorable to the development of the coffee root system. The available water in the soil was higher in EL and PS and lower in LT and MN positions. The micropores of soil under LT were larger than in the EL, which was disturbed by the subsoiling.
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- 2008
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32. Assessment of the soil compaction of two ultisols caused by logging operations Avaliação da compactação do solo de dois argissolos causada pelas operações de colheita florestal
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Moacir de Souza Dias Junior, Sérgio Ricardo Silva, Nadívio Souza dos Santos, and Cezar Francisco Araujo-Junior
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profundidade de sulcos ,compactação do solo ,operações de colheita ,rut depth ,soil compaction ,preconsolidation pressure ,harvest operations ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
The impact of wood loads on bulk density and preconsolidation pressure and of harvester and forwarder traffic on rut depth, bulk density and preconsolidation pressure of two Ultisols were examined in this study. Our objective was to quantify the threshold beyond which significant soil compaction and rutting would occur. This study was carried out in the county of Eunápolis, state of Bahia, Brazil, (16 º 23 ' 17 '' S and 39 º 10 ' 06 '' W; altitude 80 m asl) in two Ultisols (PAd2 and PAd3) with different texture classes, in experimental areas with eucalypt plantation. The study involved measurements at the wood load site and machine driving at specific locations in the forest during logging operations. The treatments consisted of one harvester pass and, 8, 16 and 40 passes of a fully loaded forwarder. Thresholds were established based on the rut depth and percentage of preconsolidation pressure values in the region of additional soil compaction defined in the bearing capacity model. The percentage of soil samples with values of preconsolidation pressure in the region of additional soil compaction indicated a greater susceptibility of PAd3 than of PAd2 to soil compaction. The threshold levels established here based on preconsolidation pressure and rut depth indicated that no more than eight forwarder passes should be allowed in loading operations in order to minimize soil compaction.O impacto do empilhamento da madeira na densidade do solo (Ds) e na pressão de preconsolidação (σp) e o do tráfego de um Harvester e de um Forwarder na profundidade dos sulcos e na Ds e σp, em dois Argissolos, foram avaliados neste estudo, cujo objetivo foi quantificar o limite acima do qual a compactação e a profundidade dos sulcos poderiam ocorrer sem causar degradação estrutural. O estudo foi realizado na cidade de Eunápolis, Bahia (16 º 23 ' 17 '' S, 39 º 10 ' 06 '' W; e 80 m de altitude), em dois Argissolos Amarelos distróficos (PAd2 e PAd3) cultivados com Eucalyptus. As avaliações envolveram quantificações dos impactos nos locais de empilhamento da madeira e na linha de tráfego das máquinas durante as operações de colheita e transporte da madeira. Os valores de pressão de preconsolidação e densidade do solo foram quantificados após uma passada do Harvester e oito, dezesseis e quarenta passadas de um Forwarder carregado completamente. Os limites foram estabelecidos com base na profundidade de sulcos e na percentagem dos valores de pressão de preconsolidação situados na região de compactação adicional definida nos modelos de capacidade de suporte de carga. A percentagem de amostras de solo com valores de pressão de preconsolidação na região de compactação adicional indicou que o PAd3 é mais suscetível à compactação do que o PAd2. Os níveis limitantes estabelecidos neste estudo, com base na pressão de preconsolidação e na profundidade de sulcos causada pelo tráfego de máquinas, indicaram um limite máximo de oito operações feitas com o Forwarder para o empilhamento da madeira para minimizar os efeitos da compactação do solo.
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- 2008
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33. Resistência à compactação de um Latossolo cultivado com cafeeiro, sob diferentes sistemas de manejo de plantas invasoras Resistance to soil compaction of an Oxisol cultivated with coffee plants under different weed Management systems
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Cezar Francisco Araujo-Junior, Moacir de Souza Dias Junior, Paulo Tácito Gontijo Guimarães, and Bruno Silva Pires
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pressão de preconsolidação ,sustentabilidade ,modelos de capacidade de suporte de carga ,suscetibilidade ,Coffea arabica L ,preconsolidation pressure ,sustainability ,support capacity models ,susceptibility ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
O conhecimento dos níveis de pressão que podem ser aplicados aos solos submetidos a diferentes sistemas de manejo das plantas invasoras é essencial para adaptar o manejo de lavouras cafeeiras de forma sustentável. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar a influência dos diferentes sistemas de manejo de plantas invasoras sobre a resistência à compactação em três camadas de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (LVA), utilizando modelos de capacidade de suporte de carga (CSC). O estudo foi realizado na fazenda da Epamig, no município de Patrocínio-MG, em uma lavoura cafeeira implantada em fevereiro de 1999, com a cultivar Rubi 1192 no espaçamento de 3,8 x 0,7 m. Foram avaliados os efeitos de quatro sistemas de manejo de plantas invasoras: sem capina (SC); capina manual (CM); herbicida de pós-emergência (HPÓS) (glyphosate); e herbicida de pré-emergência (HPRÉ) (oxyfluofen). Em cada sistema de manejo, foram coletadas 15 amostras indeformadas, em julho de 2004, no centro das entrelinhas, nas camadas de 0-3, 10-13 e 25-28 cm, totalizando 180 amostras. As amostras indeformadas foram equilibradas em diferentes umidades e submetidas ao ensaio de compressão uniaxial, para obtenção dos modelos de CSC. Os resultados sugerem que, de maneira geral, a resistência à compactação avaliada através da CSC decresce no centro da entrelinha na seguinte ordem: HPRÉ na camada de 0-3 cm > CM na camada de 10-13 cm > SC nas camadas de 0-3, 10-13 e 25-28 cm = HPÓS nas camadas de 0-3, 10-13 e 25-28 cm = CM nas camadas de 0-3 e 25-28 cm = HPRÉ na camada de 10-13 cm > HPRÉ na camada de 25-28 cm. A camada que se mostrou mais suscetível à compactação foi a de 25-28 cm, do sistema de manejo HPRÉ, e a mais resistente foi a camada de 0-3 cm do sistema de manejo HPRÉ. Os sistemas de manejo SC e HPÓS nas camadas de 0-3, 10-13 e 25-28 cm, CM nas camadas de 0-3 e 25-28 cm e HPRÉ na camada de 10-13 cm apresentaram a mesma resistência à compactação.The knowledge of the pressure levels that can be applied to the soil under different weed management system (WMS) is importante for coffee plantations management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different weed management systems on the susceptibility to compaction of a Red-Yellow Latossol (Oxisol) (LVA) using soil support capacity (CSC) models. This study was carried out at the Epamig Research Farm in Patrocínio, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in a coffee plantation using Ruby 1192 coffee variety in a 3.8 x 0.7 m spacing, planted in February 1999. Four WMS were used and the soil samples were collected in-between the rows under the following management systems: (1) no weed control (SC); (2) hoe-weeded (CM); (3) weed control with post-emergence herbicide Glyphosate (HPÓS); (4) weed control with pre-emergence Oxyfluorfen (HPRÉ). Fifteen undisturbed soil samples from each system were collected (in the layers 0-3, 10-13 and 25-28 cm) in July 2004, totaling 180 samples. The undisturbed soil samples were equilibrated at different moisture contents and subjected to the uniaxial compression test to obtain the soil CSC models. Results suggested that the support capacity of the LVA decreases in the center of the inter rows in the following order: HPRÉ in the 0-3 cm layer > CM in the 10-13 cm layer > SC in the 0-3, 10-13, 25-28 cm layers = HPÓS in the 0-3, 10-13, 25-28 cm layers = CM at 0-3 and 25-28 cm layers = HPRÉ in the 10-13 cm layer > HPRÉ in the 25-28 cm layer. Weed control with HPRÉ in the 25-28 cm layer was most susceptible, while HPRÉ in the 0-3 cm layer was most resistant to soil compaction. The management systems SC and HPÓS in the 0-3, 10-13, 25-28 cm layers and the managements CM in the 0-3 and 25-28 cm layers and HPRÉ in the 10-13 cm layer were equally susceptible to soil compaction.
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- 2008
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34. Performance evaluation of a surcharge preloading project based on back-analysis of field monitoring and numerical assessment
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Khosrow Mehrshahi, Mohammad Maleki, and Hamid Alielahi
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Computer simulation ,Back analysis ,Settlement (structural) ,Project based ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,Numerical assessment ,Geotechnical engineering ,Preconsolidation pressure ,Compression (physics) ,General Environmental Science ,Field monitoring - Abstract
This study deals with the performance evaluation of the soil improvement using surcharge preloading techniques with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) for the Mahshahr oil storage tanks project as a case study. First, the ultimate settlement values were predicted using observational methods, then, to determine the modified preloading design parameters, the involved parameters such as compression index (Cc) and preconsolidation pressure (P'c) were back-analyzed by comparing measured data with the numerical simulations. To this end, the numerical simulation was carried out using Settle3D software. The numerical model results indicated that the settlement value using modified parameters obtained from the back-analysis procedure was lower than the calculated settlement based on the assumed parameters in the initial estimation, which can be attributed to the conservative determination of initial geotechnical parameters. Moreover, optimum spacing and depth of PVDs were evaluated, and soil settlement was compared before and after the preloading operation. It was concluded that after preloading, soil settlement approached acceptable settlement values, which indicates the efficiency of this method for large-scale soil improvement projects.
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- 2021
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35. Geotechnical and Environmental Assessment of Blast Furnace Slag for Engineering Applications
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Midona Dapkienė, Justyna Dzięcioł, Andrzej Głuchowski, Maja Radziemska, Algirdas Radzevičius, Wojciech Sas, Rytis Skominas, and Raimondas Šadzevičius
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Technology ,Preconsolidation pressure ,Reuse ,Article ,anthropogenic ,Subbase (pavement) ,General Materials Science ,Geotechnical engineering ,Environmental impact assessment ,heavy metals ,Microscopy ,QC120-168.85 ,Aggregate (composite) ,Environmental tests ,QH201-278.5 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,compression ,TK1-9971 ,blast furnace slag ,aggregate ,Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,Ground granulated blast-furnace slag ,Environmental science ,oedometric ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TA1-2040 ,Groundwater - Abstract
The increasing demand for building materials in the road industry creates interest for a new source of high-quality aggregates. In order to conserve natural resources, more attention is focused on anthropogenic soils and industrial solid wastes. For the successful application of these types of soil, a series of geotechnical and environmental tests have to be conducted. A potential hazard in the reuse of wastes from thermal degradation in the construction industry, particularly in reinforced concrete (RC) construction, is the migration of heavy metals into the groundwater environment. In this article, a geotechnical assessment of blast furnace slag (BFS) properties is presented. We conducted a series of CBR, and oedometric tests to evaluate the feasibility of BFS application in earth construction. The oedometric test results show acceptable compression characteristics which are in the range of natural aggregates. The CBR shows that this material may be used as a pavement subbase. We also noticed the preconsolidation pressure phenomenon in both Proctor and vibro-compacted soil during the oedometric test. The compression index and recompression index value show that the compression characteristics are close to those of dense sand. Based on the results described in the article, blast furnace slag is a candidate for technological application and can become one of the elements of sustainable development by contributing to a reduction in the negative environmental impact of production and use of building materials.
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- 2021
36. Consolidômetro: equipamento pneumático-eletrônico para avaliação do estado de consolidação do solo Consolidometer: electronic-pneumatic equipment to evaluate soil consolidation
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Reginaldo Barboza da Silva, Kleber Pereira Lanças, and Batista Junior Masquetto
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ensaio uniaxial ,compressibilidade ,solo ,pressão de preconsolidação ,uniaxial test ,compressibility ,soil ,preconsolidation pressure ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
A obtenção da pressão de preconsolidação (sigmap) se dá a partir de um método denominado ensaio de consolidação, cuja definição consiste no processo de transferência gradual de uma carga aplicada ao solo até que todos os vazios deste sejam comprimidos. O ensaio de consolidação preconiza a utilização de um consolidômetro. Entretanto, esse equipamento não é ainda produzido no Brasil, e os modelos disponíveis para importação são de alto custo. Motivos como estes têm inviabilizado, em alguns casos, o acesso por parte de pesquisadores e agricultores às informações sobre a Capacidade de Suporte de Carga (CSC) do solo. Como alternativa, este trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver e avaliar um equipamento pneumático-eletrônico que possibilitasse a obtenção de sigmap. O equipamento foi desenvolvido no Núcleo de Estudos de Máquinas e Pneus Agrícolas (NEMPA) da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista, campus de Botucatu, SP. A sua avaliação se deu por meio de ensaios uniaxiais, os quais foram realizados em corpos-de-prova de duas camadas (superficial e subsuperficial) de um Latossolo Vermelho. O desempenho do equipamento foi constatado durante a sua avaliação; nas curvas de compressão do solo, verificaram-se incrementos dos valores de densidade do solo, isto é, variação no recalque dos corpos-de-prova em função do aumento dos níveis de pressão e de crescentes teores de água. A eficiência do equipamento na realização dos ensaios uniaxiais pôde ser comprovada pelo comportamento diferenciado tanto das curvas de compressão como das equações obtidas para os modelos de capacidade de suporte de carga, as quais foram capazes de detectar os diferentes graus de consolidação, assim como as distintas histórias de tensão da estrutura de cada camada do Latossolo Vermelho.Preconsolidation pressure (sigmap) is determined by a consolidation test method, based on the gradual transference of a load onto the soil until all porosity is compressed. The equipment used for this test is a consolidometer, which is not available in Brazil, while the models used abroad are very costly. In some cases this situation impairs the access of Brazilian researchers and farmers to data of Soil Load Support Capacity (SLCS). This study had the objective of developing and evaluating an electronic-pneumatic device by which sigmap can be obtained in the consolidation test. The equipment was developed at the Universidade Estadual Paulista and evaluated in uniaxial tests using specimens of two Oxisol horizons (surface and sub surface). The soil density values in the soil compression curves increased showing the variation of specimen strain recalque/ sinkage or displacement in function of the increasing pressure levels and soil moisture. The equipment efficiency was confirmed by the differentiated compression curves and equations obtained for the soil load support capacity models, which were able to detect the different soil consolidation degrees as well as the different sequences of structure tension in each Oxisol layer.
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- 2007
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37. Soil compaction due to forest harvest operations Compactação do solo em conseqüência das operações de colheita florestal
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Moacir de Souza Dias Junior, Sebastião da Fonseca, Cezar Francisco Araújo Júnior, and Arystides Resende Silva
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Eucalyptus ,estrutura do solo ,pressão de preconsolidação ,modelos ,capacidade de suporte de carga ,soil structure ,preconsolidation pressure ,bearing ,capacity model ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
The objective of this work was to determine, through the use of the bearing capacity model, the traffic effects of the forest harvest operations on the preconsolidation pressure (sigmap), during one cycle of the eucalyptus plantation. The work was conducted using undisturbed soil samples, collected at the surface of the A horizon and in the top of the B horizon of an Udult (PA), Aquox (FX) and Udox (LA) soils. The undisturbed soil samples were used in the uniaxial compression tests. The soil sampling was done before and after the harvest operations. The operations performed with the Forwarder caused greater soil compaction than the ones done with the Feller Büncher and Harvester. The percentage of soil samples, in the region with additional soil compaction, indicated that the Udult was the soil class more susceptible to soil compaction, followed by the Aquox and Udox. Despite Udult is the more susceptible to soil compaction, the regeneration of the soil structure in this soil class was more efficient than in Aquox. The percentage of soil samples with sigmap values in the region with additional soil compaction in 1996, 1998 and 2004, after harvest operations, indicated a sustainable forest exploration in this period.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar, pelo uso do modelo de capacidade de suporte de carga, o efeito do tráfego das operações de colheita florestal na pressão de preconsolidação (sigmap), durante um ciclo do eucaliptus. O trabalho foi realizado com amostras indeformadas, coletadas na superfície do horizonte A e no topo do horizonte B de um Argissolo Amarelo, de um Plintossolo e de um Latossolo Amarelo. As amostras indeformadas foram usadas nos ensaios de compressão uniaxial. A amostragem foi realizada antes e depois das operações de colheita. As operações realizadas com o Forwarder causaram maior compactação do solo do que as operações realizadas com o Feller Büncher e o Harvester. A porcentagem de amostras de solo, na região onde ocorre compactação adicional, indicou que o Argissolo Amarelo foi mais suscetível à compactação, seguido do Plintossolo e do Latossolo Amarelo. Apesar de o Argissolo Amarelo ser a classe de solo mais suscetível à compactação, a regeneração da estrutura nesta classe de solos foi mais evidente do que no Plintossolo. As porcentagens de amostras de solo com sigmap situados na região em que ocorreu compactação adicional em 1996, 1998 e 2004, após as operações de colheita, indicaram uma exploração sustentável da floresta nesse período.
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- 2007
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38. Compressibilidade de um Argissolo sob plantio direto escarificado e compactado Compressibility of a Paleudalf chisel plough and compacted under no-tillage
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Cláudia Liane Rodrigues de Lima, Dalvan Jose Reinert, José Miguel Reichert, and Luis Eduardo Akiyoshi Sanches Suzuki
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compactação do solo ,pressão de preconsolidação ,índice de compressão ,curva de compressão ,soil compaction ,preconsolidation pressure ,compression index ,compression curve ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
A compressibilidade do solo é dependente do tipo, da intensidade, da freqüência da força aplicada por máquinas agrícolas e dos sistemas de manejo adotados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da intensidade do tráfego de máquinas agrícolas na compressibilidade de um Argissolo Vermelho distrófico arênico sob plantio direto escarificado e compactado. Foram testados os tratamentos: PD = plantio direto desde o ano de 1989; PDE1 = plantio direto escarificado em dezembro de 2002 e fevereiro de 2004; PDE2 = plantio direto escarificado em dezembro de 2004; PDC1, PDC2 e PDC3 = plantio direto com quatro passadas de máquina com massa total de 10Mg em dezembro, respectivamente para os anos agrícolas 2001/2002, 2002/2003 e 2001/2002 - 2002/2003. Amostras com estrutura de solo preservada, na camada de 0,08-0,13m, foram utilizadas para avaliar os parâmetros compressivos do solo. No sistema de plantio direto sob compactação adicional, foram obtidos maiores e menores valores, respectivamente, de densidade e índice de compressão do solo. A densidade e o índice de compressão do solo são parâmetros consistentes e sensíveis para detectar alterações na estrutura do solo. O modelo não-linear (McNabb & BOERSMA, 1993) é uma ferramenta potencial para determinação da densidade do solo sob plantio direto, a partir da densidade inicial e das pressões aplicadas ao solo.Soil compressibility depends on the type, intensity and frequency of the load applied by agricultural machinery and on soil management. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of traffic of agricultural machines on the compressibility of a Paleudalf chisel plough and compacted under no-tillage. In an area under no tillage since 1989, the following treatments were used for sampling: PD = no tillage since 1989; PDE1 = no tillage plus chisel plough in december the year 2002 and february 2004; PDE2 = no tillage plus chisel plough in december 2004; PDC1, PDC2 and PDC3 = no tillage plus four passes of a machine of 10Mg in December, respectively to the agricultural years of 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2001/2002 - 2002/2003. Soil cores were collected at 0.08-0.13m depth to evaluate the compressive parameters of soil. In the no tillage under additional compaction higher and lower values were obtained respectively of bulk density and soil compression index. The bulk density and the soil compression index are concistant and sensitive parameters to detect alterations in the soil structure. The non linear model (McNabb & BOERSMA, 1993) is a potential tool to determine the bulk density of soils under no tillage, starting from the initial bulk density and the loads to be applied in the soil.
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- 2006
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39. Modelagem da capacidade de suporte de carga e quantificação dos efeitos das operações mecanizadas em um Latossolo Amarelo cultivado com cafeeiros Modelling the load support capacity and quantification of mechanized operation effects on a Yellow Latosol under coffee plantations
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Arystides Resende Silva, Moacir de Souza Dias Junior, Paulo Tácito Gontijo Guimarães, and Cezar Franciso Araújo Júnior
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compactação do solo ,café ,manejo do solo ,pressão de preconsolidação ,tráfego ,soil compaction ,coffee ,modelling ,preconsolidation pressure ,traffic ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
O Estado de Minas Gerais é o maior produtor de café do Brasil, com mais de 50 % da produção total, sendo grande parte da área cultivada originalmente ocupada por vegetação de cerrado. Essa região é destaque na cafeicultura em razão da alta tecnologia empregada na mecanização, que submete o solo ao tráfego de máquinas, tornando preocupante a possibilidade de disseminação da compactação do solo. Objetivou-se com este estudo: (a) propor modelos de capacidade de suporte de carga de um Latossolo Amarelo distrófico típico (LAd) cultivado com cafeeiro em função da pressão de preconsolidação e da umidade, (b) determinar, com o uso destes modelos, em três profundidades e em duas épocas de amostragem, a influência das operações de manejo na estrutura do Latossolo Amarelo nas estações: seca e chuvosa. As amostragens foram realizadas em três camadas (0-3, 10-13 e 25-28 cm), sendo 30 amostras coletadas no local onde não houve tráfego e 10 amostras na linha de tráfego para cada equipamento, coletadas nos meses de agosto de 2002 e março de 2003 para quantificar seu efeito na estrutura do solo nas duas épocas: seca e chuvosa, respectivamente. As amostras indeformadas foram utilizadas nos ensaios de compressão uniaxial. Foram determinados também granulometria, matéria orgânica, densidade de partículas, limite de contração e limite de plasticidade do solo. O modelo de capacidade de suporte de carga do LAd é expresso pela equação sigmap = 10(2,72-1,17U), em que sigmap significa a pressão de preconsolidação e U a umidade. Os efeitos das operações mecanizadas na lavoura cafeeira foram quantificados com o modelo de capacidade de suporte de carga e com o seu uso foi possível quantificar a influência das operações de manejo na estrutura do Latossolo Amarelo distrófico típico.Minas Gerais state is the largest coffee producer in Brazil. The state contributes with over 50 % of the total production, which is for the most part cultivated in the Cerrado region. This region is outstanding in coffee production due to the advanced technology in mechanization. Consequently, the machine traffic that the soils are subjected to causes concern because of the possibility of widespread soil compaction. Our objectives were (a) to propose load support capacity models to a typical dystrophic Yellow Latosol (LAd) cultivated with coffee as a function of preconsolidation pressure and moisture content; (b) to determine, through the use of this model, the influence of soil management operations on the soil structure at three depths, in the dry and rainy seasons. Soil samples were taken from three depths (0 to 3, 10 to 13 and 25 to 28 cm); thirty samples were collected where there was no traffic and ten samples collected in the traffic line of each equipment, in August 2002 and March 2003, respectively, to quantify its effects on the soil structure in the rainy and in the dry seasons. The undisturbed soil samples were used in the uniaxial compression test. Texture, organic matter, particle density, shrinkage limit, and plasticity limit were also determined. The load support capacity model of the LAd is a function of the preconsolidation pressure and moisture content and is expressed by the equation sigmap = 10(2.72-1.17U) where sigmap means preconsolidation pressure and U means humidity. The effects of the mechanized operations in the coffee plantation were quantified by the load support capacity model and through its use it was possible to quantify the influence of the management operations in the Yellow Latosol structure.
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- 2006
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40. Estimativa da capacidade de suporte de carga do solo a partir da avaliação da resistência à penetração Evaluation of soil resistance to penetration underlying soil load support capacity estimate
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Claudia Liane Rodrigues de Lima, Alvaro Pires da Silva, Silvia Imhoff, and Tairone Paiva Leão
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pomar de laranja ,pressão de preconsolidação ,Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo ,orange orchard ,preconsolidation pressure ,Haplustox ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
A pressão de preconsolidação, apesar das dificuldades inerentes à sua obtenção, representa uma medida útil do estado mecânico do solo para o seu uso, manejo e planejamento de sistemas de mecanização. A estimativa da pressão de preconsolidação, a partir de propriedades do solo facilmente mensuráveis, é, portanto, uma alternativa que pode ser utilizada para contornar as dificuldades. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: (a) quantificar a pressão de preconsolidação e a resistência do solo à penetração, em laboratório e em campo, para um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, sob pomar de laranja, e (b) estabelecer a relação entre ambos os indicadores físicos. A amostragem e as avaliações foram realizadas em oito dias consecutivos, acompanhando o secamento natural do solo. Houve relação significativa, positiva e linear entre a pressão de preconsolidação e a resistência do solo à penetração, medida no laboratório e no campo. A similaridade das relações entre resistência à penetração, obtida no campo e em laboratório, e a pressão de preconsolidação permitiu afirmar que a capacidade de suporte de carga pode ser adequadamente estimada a partir da resistência de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico à penetração medida diretamente no campo.The preconsolidation pressure, despite the difficulties inherent to its measurement, provides a useful measure of the soil mechanical state for soil management and the planning of mechanization systems. The estimation of the preconsolidation pressure, based on easily measurable soil physical properties, may be relevant to solve some difficulties. The objectives of this study were: (a) to quantify the preconsolidation pressure and soil resistance to penetration measured in the laboratory and the field for a Haplustox under orange orchard, and (b) to establish relationships between these physical indicators. Sampling and evaluations were carried out on eight consecutive days to observe the natural soil drying. There was a positive, linear, and significant relationship between the preconsolidation pressure and soil resistance to penetration measured in the laboratory as well as in the field. The similarity of the relationships among soil resistance to penetration measured in the laboratory and the field and the preconsolidation pressure allowed affirming that the load support capacity for the Haplustox may be estimated from the soil resistance to penetration measured in the field.
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- 2006
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41. Avaliação da compressibilidade de um Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico sob sistema plantio direto, preparo convencional e mata nativa Evaluation of compressibility of a dystroferric Red Nitosol under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems and a native forest
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Renato Lara de Assis and Kléber Pereira Lanças
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time de adoção ,pressão de preconsolidação ,capacidade de suporte de carga ,manejo do solo ,adoption time ,preconsolidation pressure ,capacity of load support ,soil management ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Os efeitos do tráfego de máquinas nos atributos do solo de acordo com o tempo de adoção do sistema plantio direto são ainda pouco pesquisados em ambientes tropicais, e muitas dúvidas ainda persistem sobre a variação dinâmica da estrutura do solo e a sua interação com máquinas e equipamentos. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito do tempo de adoção do sistema plantio direto, comparativamente com área de mata nativa e de preparo convencional, usando os modelos de compressibilidade do solo. O estudo foi realizado em um Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico, sob mata nativa (MN), preparo convencional (PC), plantio direto com um ano (PD1), plantio direto com quatro anos (PD4), plantio direto com cinco anos (PD5) e plantio direto com 12 anos (PD12). Amostras indeformadas e deformadas foram coletadas em duas profundidades (0-5 e 10-15 cm). O tempo de adoção do sistema plantio direto alterou o comportamento compressivo dos solos em ambas as profundidades, por meio das mudanças na pressão de preconsolidação. A profundidade de 0-5 cm apresentou menor capacidade de suporte de carga do que a profundidade de 10-15 cm. A profundidade de 0-5 cm, em todos os sistemas de manejo, mostrou-se mais susceptível à compactação em relação à profundidade de 10-15 cm. Os sistemas de plantio direto e convencional apresentaram a capacidade de suporte de carga crescente na seguinte ordem: PD5 < PD12 < PD1 < PD4 @ PC, para a profundidade de 0-5 cm e para a profundidade de 10-15 cm: MN @ PD12 < PC @ PD4 < PD5, enquanto o sistema PD1 apresentou comportamento diferenciado.The effects of machinery traffic on soil attributes following the adoption of no-till systems in tropical environments are still poorly documented. Numerous questions persist about the dynamic variation of soil structure and its interaction with machinery and equipments. The present study had the objective to evaluate the effect of time of adoption of no-tillage system and compare them to a conventionally tilled soil and a soil under a native forest using soil compressibility models. The evaluated systems were: PD1 (one year of adoption of no-tillage), PD4 (no-tillage for four years), PD5 (no-tillage for five years), PD12 (no-tillage for 12 years), one system under conventional tillage (PC for 18 years ) and another without use or intervention (native forest-MN) on a Dystroferric Red Nitosol. The time since adoption of the no-tillage system altered the soil compression performance at both depths (0-5 and 10-15 cm) through changes in the compression index and pre-consolidation pressure. The smallest capacity of load support was observed at the 0-5 cm depth and the highest at the 10-15 cm depth. Soils of all systems proved more susceptible to soil compaction at the 0-5 cm depth than at the 10-15 cm depth. The load support capacity of soils under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems presented the following sequence: PD5 < PD12 < PD1 < PD4 @ PC for the 0-5 cm depth and MN @ PD12 < PC @ PD4 < PD5 for the 10-15 cm depth. The PD1 system presented a distinct behavior.
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- 2005
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42. Compressibilidade de um solo sob sistemas de pastejo rotacionado intensivo irrigado e não irrigado Soil compressibility under non-irrigated and irrigated short duration grazing systems
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C. L. R. Lima, A. P. Silva, S. Imhoff, and T. P. Leão
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compactação do solo ,curvas de compressão uniaxial ,pressão de preconsolidação ,soil compaction ,uniaxial compression curves ,preconsolidation pressure ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
O incremento da produtividade das pastagens tem sido associado ao comportamento à compressão dos solos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: quantificar as curvas de compressão e a pressão de preconsolidação em sistemas de pastejo intensivo rotacionado irrigado e não irrigado. Foram coletadas 96 amostras indeformadas de solo em quatro ciclos sucessivos de pastejo instalado com capim Tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq.) em um Argissolo Vermelho. Após saturadas com água e equilibradas no potencial (psi): -10 kPa, as amostras foram pesadas e submetidas ao ensaio de compressão uniaxial com a aplicação sucessiva e contínua de pressões de 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1.000, 1.300 e 1.600 kPa. Os resultados comprovaram a hipótese de que houve diferença na compressibilidade do solo sob os sistemas de pastejo rotacionado intensivo irrigado e não irrigado. A maior compactação inicial verificada no sistema de pastejo rotacionado intensivo irrigado favoreceu o deslocamento das curvas de compressão uniaxial para valores superiores de densidade do solo. A pressão de preconsolidação foi significativamente superior no quarto ciclo de pastejo no sistema de pastejo rotacionado intensivo irrigado em relação ao sistema pastejo rotacionado intensivo não irrigado.Increment in pasture productivity has been associated with the understanding of the soil behavior under compression. The objective of this research was to quantify (a) the compression curves and (b) the preconsolidation pressure of the soils under non-irrigated and irrigated short duration grazing systems. Ninety-six undisturbed soil samples were taken from the four successive pasture cycles of Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) in a Hapludalf. The samples were saturated in water and equilibrated at the matrix potential (psi): -10 kPa and then were weighed and submitted to an uniaxial compression test, applying the following pressures: 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1,000, 1,300, and 1,600 kPa. Results support the hypothesis that there is a difference between the soil compressibility under non-irrigated and irrigated short-duration grazing systems. The higher initial compaction verified in irrigated short-duration grazing system favored the displacement of the uniaxial compression curves for higher bulk density values. The preconsolidation pressure was significantly higher in the fourth pasture cycle under irrigated than under the non-irrigated short duration grazing system.
- Published
- 2004
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43. Método alternativo de avaliação da pressão de preconsolidação por meio de um penetrômetro Alternative method for the evaluation of the preconsolidation pressure through a penetrometer
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M. S. Dias Junior, A. R. Silva, S. Fonseca, and F. P. Leite
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compactação do solo ,resistência à penetração ,pressão de preconsolidação ,modelagem ,Soil compaction ,penetration resistance ,preconsolidation pressure ,modeling ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
A curva de compressão do solo tem sido freqüentemente utilizada em estudos de compactação do solo. Essa curva representa graficamente a relação entre o logaritmo da pressão aplicada e a densidade do solo ou o índice de vazios. A pressão de preconsolidação divide essa curva em uma região de deformações recuperáveis e em uma de deformações não-recuperáveis. Por esse motivo, a pressão de preconsolidação tem sido usada como uma estimativa da capacidade de suporte de carga dos solos parcialmente saturados. A pressão de preconsolidação é obtida em laboratório por meio do ensaio de compressão uniaxial, o qual requer aparelhos sofisticados para a sua realização. Além do tempo gasto na realização do ensaio, há necessidade de usar um método gráfico ou de planilhas para a sua determinação. Uma maneira alternativa que visa minimizar este problema seria a calibração da pressão de preconsolidação com outras medidas de fácil e rápida obtenção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi propor um método alternativo de avaliação da pressão de preconsolidação por meio de um penetrômetro. Para isso, foram determinadas as pressões de preconsolidação e as resistências à penetração, no laboratório, na camada superficial de um Argissolo Amarelo (PA) e de um Plintossolo (FX) localizados na região de Aracruz, ES. Testes de campo foram efetuados em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (LV) localizado em Belo Oriente, MG. Os valores dos coeficientes de determinação foram significativos e variaram de 0,88 a 0,99. As equações que relacionam a pressão de preconsolidação (sigmap) com a resistência à penetração (RP) foram da forma: sigmap = a + b (RP). Pela equação, as pressões de preconsolidação serão estimadas em função da resistência à penetração e poderão ser utilizadas na identificação da compactação do solo e como uma ferramenta auxiliar de decisão sobre a realização ou não de determinada operação mecanizada.Soil compression curves are frequently used in compaction studies. These curves describe the relationship between the logarithm of applied pressure and the soil bulk density or void ratio. The preconsolidation pressure divides the soil compression curves into a region of recoverable and a region of unrecoverable deformations. Consequently, the preconsolidation pressure has been used as an estimate of soil load support capacity of partially saturated soils. The preconsolidation pressure is laboratory-obtained through the uniaxial compression test which requires sophisticated equipment. Besides the time spent on the test realization, it is necessary to use a graphic method or spreadsheet procedure for its determination. An alternative way to minimize this problem would be the calibration of the preconsolidation pressure by other ways of easy and fast achievement. Thus, the objective of this study was to propose an alternative evaluation method of the preconsolidation pressure by a penetrometer. For this purpose, the preconsolidation pressures and penetration resistance in the superficial layer of a Yellow Argisol (PA) and Plinthosol (FX) from Aracruz (ES), Brazil, were determined in the laboratory. Field tests were carried out with an Oxisol (LV) located in Belo Oriente (MG). The coefficients of determination were significant and varied from 0.88 to 0.99. The equations that relate the preconsolidation pressure (sigmap) with the penetration resistance (RP) were of the form: sigmap = a + b (RP). This equation permits the estimation of the preconsolidation pressure as a function of the penetrometer resistance, which may be used in the identification of the soil compaction and as a tool to come to a decision about realizing a particular mechanized operation or not.
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- 2004
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44. Heterogeneidade da compactação de um latossolo vermelho-amarelo sob pomar de laranja Compaction heterogeneity of a haplustox under an orange orchard
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C. L. R. Lima, A. P. Silva, S. Imhoff, H. V. Lima, and T. P. Leão
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índice de compressão ,pressão de preconsolidação ,posição de amostragem ,compression index ,preconsolidation pressure ,sampling position ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
A heterogeneidade na compactação do solo, provocada por diferentes intensidades de tráfego, pode limitar a produção em áreas citrícolas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar o índice de compressão (IC) e a pressão de preconsolidação (sigmap) nas posições de amostragem: linha de plantio, entre rodado, rodado e projeção da copa, para avaliar a heterogeneidade da compactação de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico sob pomar de laranja. A amostragem foi realizada em 40 pontos, distribuídos aleatoriamente (10 em cada posição). Após saturadas com água e equilibradas no potencial (psi): -10 kPa, as amostras foram pesadas e submetidas ao ensaio de compressão uniaxial com a aplicação sucessiva e contínua de pressões de 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1.000, 1.300 e 1.600 kPa. Os resultados indicaram que a pressão de preconsolidação mostrou-se mais sensível do que o índice de compressão na avaliação da heterogeneidade da compactação do solo em áreas citrícolas. A compactação do solo aumentou no sentido das posições de amostragem: linha de plantio, entre rodado, rodado das máquinas e implementos agrícolas e projeção da copa das plantas cítricas.The heterogeneity in soil compaction induced by different traffic intensities can reduce the productivity of citrus trees. The objective of this research was to quantify the compression index (CI) and the preconsolidation pressure (sigmap) in different sampling positions (row, between wheel track, wheel track, and canopy projection) to evaluate the compaction heterogeneity in a Haplustox under an orange orchard. The sampling was carried out at forty randomly distributed sites (ten samples in each position). The samples were water saturated and equilibrated at a water potential (psi) of -10 kPa. Thereafter, they were weighed and submitted to a uniaxial compression test under the following pressures: 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1,000, 1,300, and 1,600 kPa. The results indicated that the sigmap was the most sensitive indicator to evaluate the compaction heterogeneity induced by the traffic of agricultural machinery in areas cultivated with citrus trees. Soil compaction increased in the following order: row, between wheel tracks, at the wheel track, and canopy projection position.
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- 2004
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45. Soil load support capacity increases with time without soil mobilization as a result of age-hardening phenomenon
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Julio Cezar Franchini, Moacir Tuzzin de Moraes, Henrique Debiasi, Vanderlei Rodrigues da Silva, Felipe Bonini da Luz, USP, PIRACICABA, SP, UFSM, FREDERICO WESTPHALEN, RS, HENRIQUE DEBIASI, CNPSO, JULIO CEZAR FRANCHINI DOS SANTOS, CNPSO, and UFSM, FREDERICO WESTPHALEN, RS.
- Subjects
Conventional tillage ,Soil test ,Estrutura do Solo ,No-tillage ,Soil Science ,Preconsolidation pressure ,Soil science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Plantio Direto ,Soil compaction (agriculture) ,Minimum tillage ,Tillage ,Soil structure ,Pressão ,Pressure ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Soil horizon ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Soil compaction is a result of soil compression, and this effect depends on the pressure applied and the soil structure. Nevertheless, studies regarding the effects of long-term tillage systems on strengthening of particle bonds are scarce. Thus, we aimed to study the soil bond strengthening due to the age-hardening phenomenon using the soil load support capacity model of an Oxisol managed under different tillage systems in Southern Brazil. Soil samples were collected from three soil layers (0.0–0.10 m; 0.10–0.20 m and 0.20–0.30 m) and five soil tillage systems of conventional tillage; minimum tillage with chiselling performed every year or every three years; and no-tillage for 11 or 24 years. Age-hardening was investigated using the soil load support capacity model. Soil cores were equilibrated at four matric potentials (−6, −33, −100 and −500 kPa) and submitted to uniaxial compression tests to obtain preconsolidation pressure. The soil load support capacity models were affected by the tillage systems. The long-term no-tillage presented the highest soil load support capacity for the same bulk density and water content in all layers, demonstrating greater resistance to additional compaction. Higher preconsolidation pressure values in long-term no-tillage at the same soil bulk density and water content were attributed to the age-hardening phenomena, which increased the number and strength of bonds among soil particles, leading to higher soil cohesion. Longer time under no-tillage improves the soil structure and soil load support capacity. Thus, soil mobilization strongly affected the soil structure by breaking particle bonds leading to the greater compaction.
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- 2019
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46. A New Approach to Mitigate Subsidence Problems: A New Approach to Mitigate Subsidence Problems
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Gabriel Auvinet-Guichard and Felipe Vázquez-Guillén
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Potable water ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Work (electrical) ,Mining engineering ,Mexico city ,Preconsolidation pressure ,Subsidence ,Aquifer ,Geology - Abstract
Mexico City has a decades-old problem with severe consequences: its lacustrine zone is subsiding due to pumping of potable water from the main aquifer. The geotechnical team assigned to work on the problem assessed the situation by using remote-sensing methods. This article describes the present situation as well as a new approach to mitigate the effects of subsidence. The new approach combines several actions, but consists mainly in progressively modifying the pumping strategy to avoid exceeding the soil preconsolidation pressure in the clayey compressible layers, including the superficial aquitards and in most of the main aquifer.
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- 2019
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47. Land-use change and its impact on physical and mechanical properties of Archaeological Black Earth in the Amazon rainforest
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Diego Alexander Aguilera Esteban, Renato López Noronha, Milton César Costa Campos, Reginaldo Barboza da Silva, Zigomar Menezes de Souza, José Maurício da Cunha, Mayara Germana dos Santos Gomes, Marcelo Dayron Rodrigues Soares, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Agriculture and Environment, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Soil management ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Acrisol ,Total organic carbon ,Preconsolidation pressure ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Silt ,Anthropogenic soils ,01 natural sciences ,Bulk density ,Archaeology ,Soil compaction (agriculture) ,Soil water ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Soil horizon ,Soil compaction ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:54:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-07-01 The intense pressure of anthropic actions to change the use and management can promote the degradation of anthropogenic soils with high natural fertility and high content of organic matter such as the Archaeological Black Earths of the Brazilian Amazon. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the impact of land use and occupation in the Amazon biome on the physical and mechanical properties of Archaeological Black Earth. The research was carried out in the municipality of Novo Aripuanã, in the south of Amazonas State (Brazil), in a Chromic, Pretic, Acrisol with native forest, pasture, and pigeon pea. The soil properties of bulk density, mean weighted diameter, soil resistance to penetration, macroporosity, microporosity, particle size distribution (sand, silt, and clay), water-dispersible clay, flocculation index, total organic carbon, and preconsolidation pressure were assessed in the 0.0–0.1 and 0.1–0.2 m soil layers. Archaeological black earth under native forest showed better soil structural properties such as greater macroporosity and lower bulk density and resistance to penetration. The conversion to other uses promotes soil compaction and increases the resistance to compression. However, the greatest negative impacts on soil properties occurred when the land-use change was for pasture than for pigeon pea. The pigeon pea crop promoted the increase of soil total organic carbon in the 0.0–0.1 m layer. The soil mechanical behavior showed a greater load-bearing capacity in the native forest area for the surface layer than the subsurface layer. The preconsolidation pressure allowed to determine that the pasture land-use has a greater occurrence of compaction and might suffer additional compaction if the applied pressures on the soil during grazing are larger than the higher limit of the confidence interval of load-bearing capacity models when compared to the pigeon pea land-use. University of Campinas (UNICAMP) – School of Agricultural Engineering, Av. Cândido Rondon, 508 Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM) – Institute of Education Agriculture and Environment, Street 29 de Agosto, 786 B Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB) – Department of Soils and Rural Engineering, Road BR 079 - Km 12 São Paulo State University (UNESP) Experimental Campuses of Registro, Av. Nelson Brihi Badur, 430 São Paulo State University (UNESP) Experimental Campuses of Registro, Av. Nelson Brihi Badur, 430
- Published
- 2021
48. Variaciones del coeficiente lateral en reposo Ko en arcillas superficiales del occidente de la sabana de Bogotá.
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PINEDA-JAIMES, JORGE ARTURO, ARIAS-MONTANEZ, DILAN EDUARDO, GARCÍA-LOPEZ, DIEGO ALEJANDRO, and ESTEBAN COLMENARES, JULIO
- Abstract
This paper presents the results of the study of the influence of the overconsolidation ratio and in the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest (Ko) of a group of clays affected by desiccation. The experimental research conducted was based on oedometer tests on samples taken in horizontal and vertical plane directions, where the respective ratio of the effective preconsolidation pressure found is directly associated with a Ko value. These values were compared to other estimated values, based on the matrix suction increases in the saturated interval, assuming that the material is isotropic, elastic and incompressible in its solid and liquid phases. It was found that the Ko values range between 1.21 and 0.27 in the studied profile, with the higher values near the surface and a significant decrease in magnitude with depth. This is consistent with recent history of stress in the subsoil, related to the equilibrium water content processes that have taken place in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
49. Study of Improved Sampling and Preparation of East-Swedish Glacial Clay
- Author
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GARCIA DE HERREROS, CLARA and GARCIA DE HERREROS, CLARA
- Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine if the mini block sampling technique couldoffer a complement to the Swedish standard StII piston sampler for achieving higherquality samples. The principle is that having a greater diameter the sample is meticulouslytrimmed to the usual geometry, so that the periphery of the sample is not disturbedby the sampling procedure and the same testing equipment can be employed.Hence, the test would provide higher and more accurate values of deformation andshear strength properties.The testing campaign executed for this study includes routine analysis with fallcone tests, CRS oedometer tests, DSS tests, CAUC triaxial tests and sedimentationtests. All of them have been performed on East-Sweden varved clay from Barkarby,Stockholm. Afterwards, the results and the sampling procedure were analysed toevaluate the performance of the mini block sampler.The mini block sampler provided more pronounced preconsolidation pressureson CRS tests as well as higher values of the quality index Mi=ML. DSS tests presenthigher values of undrained shear strength but no difference in shear strain at failure.In addition, the values of shear modulus show stiffer behaviour for block samplesas a prove of better clay structure preservation. Regarding triaxial results, theundrained shear strength values are higher for block samples with higher stresspeaks and lower strain to failure in the stress-strain graphs. Finally, several qualityindex were analysed obtaining better results for block sampling in most of them.It can be concluded that mini block sampler generally presents better qualitysamples than piston sampler for East-Swedish clay. Additionally, it is highlyfavourable for commercial projects due to each block provides up to 8 standard 50mm samples
- Published
- 2020
50. Evolution of Undrained Strength Under a Test Embankment
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Minna Karstunen, Mats Karlsson, Hannes Hernvall, and Jelke Dijkstra
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Stress (mechanics) ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Stress path ,Preconsolidation pressure ,Geotechnical engineering ,Integration point ,Levee ,Boundary values ,Geology - Abstract
Increased traffic and environmental loads necessitate re-evaluation of the stability of existing road and railway embankments built on soft sensitive clays. Thus, the current mobilised undrained shear strength needs to be quantified. A methodology to evaluate changes in undrained shear strength under embankment loading is developed and applied for the case of Haarajoki test embankment. The methodology combines boundary value modelling of embankment loading with integration point level stress path probing using the Creep-SCLAY1S model. The changes in the stress state and the relevant state parameters resulting from the boundary value modelling enable the quantification of the mobilised undrained shear strength. The results indicate an increase in the undrained shear strength up to 17% in the most affected clay layer. The high pre-overburden pressure in the top of clay deposit prevents significant changes in the undrained shear strength in the case of Haarajoki. Thus, when assessing changes in the undrained shear strength, one of main parameters to determine is the initial preconsolidation pressure.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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