Search

Poslovni bonton se razlikuje od trga do trga. Mednarodni tržnik mora obvladati osnove poslovnega bontona v vsakem kulturnem okolju, ne glede na to, ali se na poslovno pot podaja prvič ali ne. Znati se mora soočiti z drugačno kulturo, vrednotami, prepričanji. Uspešnost mednarodnega tržnika je velikokrat posledica spoštovanja poslovnega bontona tuje kulture. V mednarodnem poslovanju je tveganje, ki izhaja iz kulturnega okolja neke države relativno visoka. Kulturno okolje tujega trga je sestavljeno iz družbenih organizacij in ustanov, norm in vrednot, religije, jezika, izobraževalnega sistema, umetnosti in estetike ter materialne kulture. Trženje in kultura se najbolj povezujeta skozi komunikacijo, poslovni bonton in organizacijsko upravljanje. V poslovnem bontonu sta ključna spoštovanje in upoštevanje drugačnosti. Mednarodni tržnik bo večkrat del konfliktov, saj so drugačne kulture pogosto težko sprejemljive. Zato je dobro, da posluje profesionalno, pošteno, potrpežljivo, in da upošteva poslovni bonton tuje kulture. Ključne sestavine poslovnega bontona so prvi vtis, verbalna in neverbalna komunikacija, poslovna oblačila in urejenost posameznika, pozdravljanje, poslovni sestanki, poslovni obed in poslovna darila. Kultura Rusije je pod močnim vplivom nekdanjega sovjetskega političnega režima. Zaradi tranzicije države se ruski poslovni bonton v primerjavi s poslovnim bontonom Japonske in Indije še vedno spreminja. Ruski poslovneži cenijo medosebne odnose, pravičnost ter poslovne partnerje, ki dobro govorijo njihov jezik. Vodja jim pomeni vse, medtem pa podrejeni v določenih podjetjih težko izražajo svoja mnenja. Japonci cenijo pripadnost svoji kulturi, delujejo timsko, spoštujejo hierarhijo, so potrpežljivi, posredni in gostoljubni. Indijci poskušajo vsako družinsko vrednoto povezati s poslovnimi vrednotami. Vzorec družinskega življenja prenašajo v poslovni svet, in podobno kot Japonci, strogo spoštujejo hierarhične ravni. V indiji imata spoštovanje avtoritete in ustvarjanje dolgoročnih odnosov s poslovnimi partnerji zelo pomembno vlogo. Business etiquette differentiates from market to market. An international marketer has to master the fundamentals of business etiquette in each cultural environment, regardless he embarks on the business trip fort he fisrt time or not. He has to be able to confront with different culture, values and beliefs. The successfulness of an international marketer is often the consequence of the respect of the business etiquette of foreign culture. In international business is the risk, which arises from the cultural environment of the country, relatively high. The cultural environment of a foreign market consists of social organisations and institutions, norms and values, religion, language, educational system, arts, aesthetics and, material culture. The marketing and the culture are the most through communication, business etiquette and organisation management. The key in the business etiquette are the respect and the observance of difference. An international marketer will be many times a part of conflict situations, since the different cultures are often being difficult to accept. Therefore it is good that he is doing business professionally, fairly and that he is considering the business etiquette of a foreign culture. The key ingredients of a business etiquette are the first impression, verbal and non-verbal communication, business clothing and the tidiness of an individual, the manners of greeting, business meetings, dining, etiquette and business gifts. The Russian culture is under the strong impact of former Sovjet policital regime. Because of the country's transition the Russian business etiquette, in comparison to the Japanese and the Indian one, is still changing. The Russian businessmen appreciate interpersonal relations, fairness and business partners who speak their language well. A leader means everything to them, whilst the subordinates in certain companies hardly express their opinions. The Japanese value the belonging to their culture, act in teams, respect hierarhy, are patient, indirect and hospitable. The Indians attempt to tie each family value to business values. They transmit the pattern of a family life in the business world and. Similarly as the Japanese, strictly respect the hierarchical levels. The respect of the authority and long-term relationships building with business partners have very important role in India.

Kadar se odločamo za vstop na tuji trg, se moramo podrobno seznaniti z značilnostmi tujega poslovnega okolja in morebitnimi tveganji. Za uspešen prodor na tuji trg moramo proučiti in razumeti dejavnike makrookolja tujega trga. Poznamo več metod in vrst analiziranja poslovnega okolja tuje države, ena od njih je tudi PEST analiza, ki je najpogosteje uporabljena. V diplomskem projektu smo analizirali poslovno okolje in deželna tveganja Belorusije in Kazahstana. V prvem delu diplomskega projekta smo teoretično opredelili mednarodno okolje, poslovno okolje podjetja ter njegove dejavnike, PEST analizo ter deželna tveganja. V drugem delu smo se poglobili v specifično analizo dejavnikov poslovnega okolja in deželnih tveganj Belorusije in Kazahstana. V zadnjem delu diplomskega projekta smo opravili primerjalno analizo dejavnikov poslovnega okolja in deželnih tveganj obeh držav. Skozi analizo smo s sekundarnimi podatki preverjali ali je kazahstanski trg zaradi razvitejšega poslovnega okolja za tuja podjeta privlačnejši kot beloruski trg in ali je kazahstanski trg zaradi nižjega deželnega tveganja za tuja podjetja privlačnejši kot beloruski trg. When we are deciding to enter a foreign market, we need to get thoroughly familiar with the characteristics of the foreign business enviroment and potential riks. For a successful penetration on the foreign market we must study and understand the factors of the macro-environment of the foreign market. We know several methods and types of analysing the business environment of a foreign country, one of them is also the PEST analysis, which is the most commonly used. In the diploma project we analyzed the business environment and the country risks of Belarus and Kazakhstan. In the first part of the diploma project theoretically defined the international environmemt, business environment of the company and its factors, PEST analysis and country risks. In the second part, we went into a specific analysis of the factors of the business environment and country risks of Belarus and Kazakhstan. In the final part of the diploma project, we did a comparative analysis of the factors of the business environment and country risks of both countries. Through the analysis, we analyzed with secondary data whether is Kazakhstan's market due to a more developed business environment more attractive for foreign companies than Belarusian market and whether is the Kazakhstan's market due to lower country risks more attractive for foreign companies than Belorusian market.

Tuje neposredne naložbe (TNN) so ena zahtevnejših oblik vstopa na tuji trg, ki jih izvedejo podjetja predvsem z namenom izkoriščanja prednosti tujih trgov, kot so na primer nižji stroški poslovanja in delovne sile ter izogibanja slabostim trga, iz katerega prihajajo investitorji, kot so na primer visoke davčne stopnje. Motivi, zaradi katerih se podjetja odločajo za naložbe na tujih trgih, lahko razdelimo v štiri skupine motivov, in sicer na: motive z namenom povečevanja učinkovitosti podjetja, motive iskanja cenejših virov, motive povezane s trgom, kot so na primer sledenje konkurenci, in motive, ki so povezani s strateškimi cilji in zmožnostmi podjetij. Za države investitorice in prejemnice lahko to prinese tako pozitivne kot negativne učinke. Države investitorice lahko s tem pridobijo dodatne prihodke, zaradi večje izpostavljenosti tujim trgom postanejo podjetja, ki investirajo, bolj konkurenčna in pridobijo nova znanja ter izkušnje, prav tako se poveča tudi zaposlenost v državi investitorici. Vendar pa lahko naložbe domačih podjetij v tujini pomenijo tudi, da pride do odpuščanja številnih delavcev v domači državi zaradi cenejše delovne sile v tujini. Za državo prejemnico pa to pomeni, da se z naložbo tujih podjetij poveča konkurenca na trgu, kar je lahko dobro, saj imajo potrošniki več izbire, domača podjetja pa so prisiljena izboljšati svoje poslovanje, da bi bila bolj konkurenčna tujim podjetjem. Z vprašanjem, zakaj se podjetja odločijo za TNN, se ukvarjajo različne teorije, kot so teorija monopolističnih prednosti, teorija življenjskega cikla proizvoda, internalizacijska teorija in eklektična paradigma. Na to, ali se bo podjetje odločilo za naložbo na tujem trgu, vplivajo številni dejavniki, ki so vezani tako na podjetje, državo, v katero so namenjene naložb, kot na druge dejavnike. Tako eklektična paradigma loči med podjetniško-specifičnimi prednostmi, ki so edinstvene za podjetje, lokacijsko-specifičnimi prednostmi, ki se nanašajo na značilnosti lokacije oziroma države, v katero namerava podjetje vlagati, in na internalizacijske prednosti, ki se nanašajo na dajanje prednosti vzpostavitvi lastnih podružnic v tujini namesto prodaje pravic za delovanje drugim tujim podjetjem. Naša empirična raziskava je pokazala, da je Češka bolj ugodna lokacija za TNN kot Slovenija, saj je njen obseg vhodnih TNN veliko večji, kar pomeni, da je konkurenčnost Slovenije manjša. To lahko vidimo tudi po raziskavah, ki preučujejo konkurenčnost in poslovno okolje držav. Kljub veliki razliki med obsegom vhodnih TNN prejemata obe državi največ naložb iz evropskih držav. Češka ima dobro razvito poslovno okolje, kar kažejo tudi podatki o visoki gospodarski rasti in nizki stopnji brezposelnosti. Slovenija pa se sooča s številnimi problemi, med drugim ima dokaj visoko brezposelnost, visok javni dolg, nizek obseg TNN in zapleteno poslovno okolje. Kljub temu pa imata na določenih področjih enake težave. To so področja pravne države, neučinkovitosti sodstva, neučinkovitosti javnih institucij, plačevanja davkov, najemanja kreditov in pridobitve gradbenih dovoljenj. Slovenija je manj ekonomsko svobodna kot Češka, prav tako podjetja v poslovnem okolju Češke veliko enostavneje poslujejo kot v Sloveniji. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the most complicated ways of entering a foreign market, which is carried out by firms to exploit the advantages of foreign markets, for example, lower cost of business performance and labour force, as well as to avoid the disadvantages of the investors’ home market, like high tax rates. The motives of firms to be in favour of the FDI can be divided into four groups motives with the intention to enhance the efficiency of the firm, motives for seeking low cost resources, motives related to the market, as following the competition, and motives related to the strategic goals and capabilities of firms. For home and foreign countries, FDI can have either many positive or negative effects. Home countries get extra income, and greater exposure of domestic firms to foreign markets aids these investing firms in becoming more competitive and gaining new knowledge and experiences. It also raises employment in the home country. However, FDI can also cause firing workers in home countries at the cost to low cost workforce from foreign markets. For foreign countries, FDI means increased competition on their market, as an advantage, and the consumers have more choice. On the other hand, domestic firms are forced to enhance their performance of being more competitive. Various theories are occupied with the question, why the firms choose FDI for entering a foreign market, like the theory of monopolistic advantages, the product life-cycle theory, the internalization theory and the eclectic paradigm. The decision of firms whether to invest in foreign markets or not is affected by numerous factors, which are connected to the firm itself, the country in which they plan to invest and other factors. The eclectic paradigm tells the difference between ownership-specific advantages, which are unique for the firms possessing them, location-specific advantages, which refer to the location or country, where the firms intend to invest, and internalization advantages which give priority to the establishment of their own subsidiaries on foreign markets instead of selling the rights to use their business model to foreign firms. The results of our empiric research have shown that the Czech Republic is a more beneficent location than Slovenia, as the extent of the inward FDI into the Czech has become considerably bigger. It means that Slovenia is less competitive than the Czech Republic. This can be seen from the researches, which are analysing the competitiveness and economic environment of countries. Even though there is a relatively large difference between the extent of the inward FDI in the Czech Republic and Slovenia, both countries receive the most FDI from European countries. The Czech Republic has a well-developed business environment, which is evident from the high economic growth and low unemployment rate. Slovenia, on the other hand, has been facing numerous problems a high unemployment rate, high national debt, low extent of FDI and a complicated business environment. Nevertheless, both countries face similar problems in some fields. These are the fields of legal state, inefficiency of the judicial system, inefficiency of public institutions, payment of taxes, taking out loans and gaining construction permits. Slovenia has less economic freedom than the Czech Republic and also firms can do business much more easily in the Czech Republic than in Slovenia.

Diplomsko delo se ukvarja z multidisciplinarnim pristopom, ki v zadnjem obdobju vzbuja veliko pozornosti. Pristop izgradnje znamke dobrega zaposlovalca postaja v poslovnem okolju ena izmed možnih metod za povečanje ugleda in zanimivosti podjetja kot zaposlovalca. Na trgu vlada močna konkurenca, ki je podjetja pripeljala do točke, na kateri se soočajo z izzivom pomanjkanja strokovnjakov na različnih področjih, ali pa reševanje takšnih izzivov preprosto zahteva previsok vložek. Zato so podjetja storila korak naprej na področjih, na katerih se lahko tudi ob zmanjšanih finančnih izdatkih in hkratnem povečanju truda močno razlikujejo od svojih konkurentov. Na tak način svojim zaposlenim ponudijo delovno okolje, v katerem si želijo delati, javnost pa postane na takšna podjetja pozorna. V primeru pozitivnih učinkov lahko kakovostna izgradnja znamke dobrega zaposlovalca znotraj izbranega podjetja pripelje do večjega nabora kakovostnih kandidatov za zaposlitev, izboljšane javne podobe podjetja kot zaposlovalca, manjšega odstotka fluktuacije zaposlenih in tudi do občutnejših prihrankov na področju selekcije ter iskanja kadrov. This diploma thesis discusses a recently widely discussed multidisciplinary approach. The development of the good employer trademark approach is establishing itself as one of the possible methods to enhance a company’s and employer’s reputation and attractiveness. Companies operate in a highly-competitive market, which led them to the point, where they must combat the shortage of specialists in various fields or accept the fact that measures to tackle such challenges require excessively high assets. Therefore, companies have now taken an important step forwards in fields, which – while reducing financial expenditures and increasing their effort – allow them to differ significantly from their competitors. With this approach, they establish an attractive working environment for their employees, while such companies gain exposure in the public. In the case of positive effects, high-quality development of the good employer trademark within selected companies may lead to the recruitment of prolific job candidates, an improved public image of the company as an employer, reduce staff turnover, and generate substantial savings during the selection and recruitment process.

Poslovno okolje predstavlja sklop zunanjih dejavnikov, ki tako ali drugače vplivajo na poslovanje podjetij. Deželno tveganje pomeni oceno verjetnosti, da bo v prihodnosti prišlo do neželenih dogodkov na ravni države, ki bi negativno vplivali na poslovanje podjetij. Za kakovostno analizo poslovnega okolja je potrebno preučiti njegove različne dimenzije kot so politična, ekonomska, sociokulturna in tehnološka, katerih začetnice tvorijo ime t. i. PEST analize. Ta je najenostavnejša oblika preučevanja dimenzij poslovnega okolja, treba pa je povedati, da mnogi avtorji zagovarjajo tudi preučevanje drugih dimenzij kot npr. pravno in okoljevarstveno, kar gotovo pripelje do natančnejših rezultatov. Brazilija je imela v preteklih letih politično krizo, ki se je, vsaj tako kaže, končala letos z odstavitvijo predsednice Dilme Rousseff. Na njeno mesto je stopil dotedanji podpredsednik, Michel Temer, ki napoveduje mnoge reforme. Kitajska je po dolgoletni vladavini Komunistične partije glede na vse značilnosti politično relativno stabilna država, saj druge politične sile nimajo nikakršne realne moči. Obe državi sta v bližnji preteklosti uživali visoko gospodarsko rast, danes pa se soočata z izzivi padca rasti in stagnacije. Tako Brazilija kot tudi Kitajska nujno potrebujeta reforme. Prva v smeri modernizacije, druga pa bolj v smeri uvajanja mehanizmov tržne ekonomije. Obe sta v preteklih desetletjih močno zmanjšali stopnjo revščine – to zlasti velja za Kitajsko. V okviru sociokulturnega okolja sta si državi precej različni. Brazilija je nekdanja portugalska kolonija, ki je prava mešanica kultur, še posebej evropske in afriške, ki so jo s seboj prinesli afriški sužnji ter kulture domorodnih prebivalcev. Kitajska ni bila nikdar kolonizirana in ima večtisočletno kontinuiteto. Danes gre v njihovem primeru za edinstveno mešanico socialističnih in tradicionalnih kitajskih vrednot, po katerih se Kitajci ravnajo. V Braziliji se liberalizacija močno širi, prav tako se veliko vlaga v tehnično industrijo in inovacije. Kitajci ogromno vlagajo v tehnologijo, katere kvaliteta neprestano raste. Prav tako je Kitajska center inovacij, ki vključujejo vesoljsko tehnologijo, saj so leta 2013 uspešno pristali na Luni. Trenutno ima Brazilija zmerno deželno tveganje, ki ga najbolj ogroža visoka stopnja političnega tveganja. Kitajska ima po vseh indikatorjih trenutno nižje deželno tveganje, k čemur zlasti pripomore nizka stopnja ekonomskega tveganja. Business environment presents the bundle of external factors, which affect companies one way or another. Country risk is an evaluation of the possibility of future unwanted events on state level that could negatively affect the business. In order to conduct a good analysis, it is necessary to study different types of business environments such as political, economic, sociocultural and technological. Their initials form the name of the PEST analysis which is the simplest method of analysing business environments. Nevertheless, many authors also suggest studying of other types like legal and ecological environments, which definitely contributes to more accurate results. In the past years, Brazil had a political crisis, which ended this year with President Dilma Rousseff’s impeachment. She was succeeded by the former vice president Michel Temer, who is promising many reforms. After a long rule of the Communist Party, China is politically a relatively stable country, also because other political forces are practically powerless. Both countries were experiencing a high economic growth whereas today the growth rate is falling and a period of stagnation is present. Both Brazil and China urgently need reforms, the first one towards modernisation and the former one towards establishing market economy mechanisms. Both have also significantly reduced their poverty rates, particularly China. Concerning sociocultural environment, the countries are quite different from each other. Brazil is a former Portuguese colony, which is a true mix of cultures, especially of European, African, which was brought by slaves and also the culture of indigenous inhabitants. China was never colonised and has thousands of years of continuity. Today they have a unique mix of socialist and traditional Chinese values, which they follow. In Brazil, the liberalization is expanding greatly, also a lot of investments are made in technical industries and innovation sector. The Chinese are investing heavily in technology, whose quality is constantly growing. China is also an innovation centre, which includes space technology as they have landed on the Moon in 2013. Currently Brazil has a moderate country risk, which is mostly threatened by a high political risk. China has a lower country risk in all parameters and is driven mostly by a low economic risk.

Globalizacija v svetu povzroča neprestane spremembe, ki vplivajo na življenje ljudi in tudi na poslovanje podjetij. Podjetja se jim iz dneva v dan poskušajo prilagajati, saj lahko le tako nemoteno poslujejo, so konkurenčna in izkoriščajo svoje prednosti. Če želijo poslovati uspešno, morajo dobro spremljati svoje zunanje in notranje okolje, navade in pričakovanja odjemalcev ter na koncu izbrati najboljšo strategijo na tržišču, kjer je konkurenca zelo velika. Prijazno okolje, podjetniška kultura, inovacije in ustvarjalnost zaposlenih, spreminjanje in prilagajanje organizacije so tisti dejavniki, ki dajejo podjetjem konkurenčno prednost pred podjetji, ki ne ravnajo uspešno. Podjetniško nepravilno ravnanje pa pomeni nespopadanje s tveganji in spremembami, pa tudi to, da se ne nadgrajuje nosilcev podjetja. Analiza okolja podjetja je eno izmed glavnih orodij za ocenjevanje zunanjih in notranjih dejavnikov podjetja. Poslovno okolje podjetja je sestavni del strateškega načrtovanja in prav slednje je ena od sestavin upravljanja, ki vključuje tudi postavitev ciljev. V diplomskem seminarju smo se odločili za podrobno analizo poslovnega okolja podjetja Perutnina Ptuj d. d., ki se s svojo dejavnostjo uvršča v mesnopredelovalno industrijo. Namen analize je preučiti vse slabosti in prednosti, ki so vplivale na uspešnost podjetja v preteklih letih. The emerging globalization brings about constant changes. These changes affect people's lives and business operations. Companies are trying to adapt to these changes from day to day, becase so they can run smoothly, are competitive and take advantage of their advantages compared to competition. If a company wants to do business successfully, it has to monitor its external and internal environment, habits and customer expectations, and ultimately choose the best strategy on the market where competition is very high. The friendly environment, entrepreneurial culture, innovation and employee creativity, changing and adapting are those factors that give companies competitive advantage over companies that do not act successfull. That we do not handle the business properly, means that we do not deal with risks and changes, and that we do not upgrade the business basics. The company's environmental analysis is one of the main tools for assessing the company's external and internal factors. The business environment of the company is an integral part of strategic planning and strategic planning is one of the elements of governance, which also includes setting goals. In bachelor's thesis we decided for a detailed analysis of the business environment of the company Perutnina Ptuj d.d., whose main activity is in the meat processing industry. The purpose of the analysis is to examine all the weaknesses and advantages that have influenced the company's performance over the years.

V ospredju dela diplomskega projekta so mala in srednje velika podjetja ter PEST-analiza, s pomočjo katere proučujemo zunanje okoljske dejavnike, ki neposredno vplivajo na poslovanje podjetij. Diplomski projekt je sestavljen iz teoretičnega in praktičnega dela. V teoretičnem delu obravnavamo učinke PEST-analize v poslovnem okolju malih in srednje velikih podjetij. Najprej opredelimo značilnosti malih ter srednje velikih podjetij (v nadaljevanju MSP) in sektorje, v katerih se pojavljajo, nato navedemo njihovo specifiko. Gre za gospodarski učinek teh podjetji, razvoj, značilnosti financiranja MSP in vpliv sodobnega okolja nanje. Za tem sledijo PEST-analiza, akronim političnih, ekonomskih, sociokulturnih ter tehnoloških sprememb, ki vplivajo na poslovanje družbe. Opredelimo ter opišemo zgodovinski razvoj analize, navedemo postopke in tehnike izvajanja analize ter razjasnimo vse PEST-variacije. Pojasnimo pomen in uporabo analize za mala in srednje velika podjetja ter opredelimo poslovno okolje in navedemo priložnosti za rast MSP. Empirični del vsebuje predstavitev podjetja Hyundai Zoran Zlatečan s. p. ter izvedeno PEST-analizo. Ker se skozi diplomski projekt osredotočamo na mala in srednje velika podjetja, PEST-analizo izvedemo na primeru majhnega podjetja. S tem poslovnim orodjem opredelimo zunanje okoljske dejavnike tega podjetja – politične, ekonomske, sociokulturne ter tehnološke – ki za dotično podjetje prestavljajo nevarnost oziroma priložnost. Opredelimo tudi njihov status glede na okoljske razmere – ali gre za naraščajoč, padajoč ali nespremenjen trend. In the bachelor’s project, I am focused on small and medium-sized enterprises and the PEST analysis. By means of the analysis, I study the external environmental factors which influence the conduct of the business of the enterprises directly. The bachelor’s project is composed of the theoretical and the practical part. In the theoretical part, I am focused on the effects of the PEST analysis in the business environment of small and medium-sized enterprises. At first, I defined SME and the sectors in which they emerge, and listed their specifics. We speak about the economic effect of these enterprises, development, the characteristics of SME financing, and the influence of modern environment on them. Further, the PEST analysis follows. It is an acronym of political, economic, sociocultural, and technological variables, which influence the conduct of the business of the enterprise. I defined and described the development of the analysis, listed the procedures and techniques of performing the analysis, and clarified all the variations of the PEST. I explained the significance of the analysis for the small and medium-sized enterprises, the use, defined the business environment, and listed the opportunities for the growth of the SME. The empirical part includes the presentation of the company Hyundai Zoran Zlatečan and the PEST analysis. Because I am focused on small and medium-sized enterprises in the bachelor’s project, I performed the PEST analysis in the case of a small enterprise. I defined the external environmental factors of this company by this business tool. I listed the political, economic, sociocultural, and technological variables which represent threat or opportunity for the company. I defined their status with regards to the environmental conditions, whether this is a growing, falling, or unaltered trend.

V diplomskem projektu predstavljamo in primerjamo poslovno okolje dveh držav, ZDA in Nemčije. Na eni strani ZDA kot ena izmed največjih svetovnih velesil v gospodarstvu in tudi v ostalih dejavnikih, na drugi strani pa Nemčija kot največja gonilna sila gospodarstva v Evropi. Ker je globalizacija vedno bolj občutna in v porastu, zraven pa je še velik razcvet digitalne tehnologije, praktično mej v gospodarstvu več ni. Vedno več podjetij širi in posluje izven svojih domačih meja v želji po prepoznavnosti in povečanju svojega prihodka. Razni sporazumi, regionalne integracije ter razvoj novih tehnologij podjetjem omogočajo lažje trgovanje. Ta s pomočjo raznih raziskav in strategij izberejo najbolj ugodno poslovno okolje za njihove produkte ali storitve in se s tem izognejo ali zmanjšajo morebitna tveganja. V diplomskem projektu podrobneje analiziramo poslovno okolje obeh držav s PESTLE analizo. Na koncu pa na osnovi več indikatorjev ugotavljamo privlačnost poslovnega okolja ene in druge izbrane države. In our diploma project we present and analyse the business environment of two countries, the USA and Germany. On the one hand, the USA as one of the world’s largest economic super powers, as in other factors, alternatively, Germany as the greatest driving force of the economy in Europe. As globalization with digitalization is becoming increasingly noticeable and growing, there are almost no boundaries in the economy. More and more companies are expanding and doing business outside their domestic economy in the desire of recognition and increase in their incomes. Various agreements, regional integrations and the development of new technologies enable easier trade. With the help of various researches and strategies, companies choose the best market for their products and services, therby avoiding or reducing potential risk. In the diploma project we described the business environment of the two mentioned countries in greater detail with the help of PESTLE analysis. At the end, however, on the basis of several indicators, the attractiveness of business environments of both countries is established.

Stanje lesnopredelovalne panoge v Sloveniji se po gospodarski krizi počasi izboljšuje, vendar pa njen potencial ni v celoti izkoriščen. Za podrobnejši vpogled v stanje lesnopredelovalne panoge smo opravili celovito analizo poslovnega okolja podjetja Energoles Bohor d.o.o. Analiza je bila izvedena z razširjeno PEST(LE) analizo ter Porterjevim modelom konkurence, ki analizirata zunanje poslovno okolje in SWOT analizo, za analizo notranjega poslovnega okolja podjetja. Analiza širšega zunanjega okolja je pokazala, da na poslovno uspešnost podjetja najbolj vplivata politično-pravno in ekonomsko okolje. V okviru politično-pravnega okolja država preko birokracije in davčne politike močno znižuje konkurenčnost podjetja na trgih. Vendar na drugi strani z raznimi akcijskimi načrti in vzpodbudami za krepitev gozdno-lesne verige povečuje njegovo konkurenčnost. Ekonomsko okolje pa preko skromne kreditne aktivnosti zavira posodobitev proizvodnje. Analiza notranjega okolja je pokazala, da se podjetje Energoles Bohor d.o.o., kot primarno lesnopredelovalno podjetje, v svojem notranjem poslovnem okolju sooča s številnimi prednostmi in slabosti. Prednost podjetja je v tem, da je celotna proizvodnja skoncentrirana na eni lokaciji. Slabost pa se kaže v proizvodnji proizvodov z nizko dodano vrednostjo, ki ne omogočajo hitre nadgradnje in razširitve proizvodnje. Podjetje z odpravo svojih slabosti, ob upoštevanju konkurenčnih prednosti lahko izkoristi priložnosti, ki mu jih ponuja zunanje poslovno okolje. We have conducted a comprehensive analysis of the business environment of the company Energoles Bohor d.o.o. The analysis was carried out through the expanded PEST(LE) analysis and with the Porter's model of competition, that analyse the external business environment and through the SWOT analysis that analyse the company's internal business environment. Analysis of the wider external environment has shown that the business success of the company is most influenced by the political, legal and economic environment. Within the political and legal environment, the state through bureaucracy and fiscal policy greatly diminishes the competitiveness of the company on the markets. However, on the other hand, state has been increasing the competitiveness of the industry through various action plans and incentives for strengthening the forest-timber chain, since poor technological equipment, lack of development and cooperation among actors throughout the forest-wood chain reduces its competitiveness. Modest credit activity of the economic environment hampers the modernization of production. The analysis of the internal environment has shown that Energoles Bohor d.o.o., as the primary wood processing company, faces many advantages and disadvantages in its internal business environment. The advantage of the company is that the entire production is concentrated in one location. The disadvantage is reflected in the production of low value added products which do not allow for rapid upgrading and expansion of production.

Če podjetje želi osvojiti trg tuje države, mora najprej izdelati analizo poslovnega okolja izbrane države. V diplomskem seminarju smo analizirali poslovno okolje Italije. Preučili smo dimenzije negospodarskega, gospodarskega in tržnega okolja, prednosti in nevarnosti, ki jih lahko pričakujemo, ter poslovna tveganja. Analizirali smo tudi panogo gumarske industrije v Italiji. Italija se sooča s problemom korupcije, počasnimi sodnimi postopki in z neporavnanimi terjatvami, ki za podjetja predstavljajo velika tveganja. Hkrati je Italija zelo privlačen trg za proizvajalce tehničnih izdelkov iz gume, saj je vodilni izvoznik strojne mehanizacije. Analitiki napovedujejo tudi rast proizvodnje avtomobilske industrije, ki je eden izmed ključnih kupcev izdelkov iz gume. If a company wants to win a foreign country's market, it first needs to make a business market analysis of the chosen country. Our diploma seminar focuses on the analysis of the business environment in Italy. We have studied the dimensions of non-economic, economic and market environment advantages and threats we can expect as well as business risks. We have analysed the rubber industry in Italy. Italy is faced with problems of corruption, slow judicial processes and outstanding debts that present high risks for companies. At the same time Italy is very attractive market for manufacturers of technical rubber products, since it is the lead exporter of machinery. Analytics are also predicting growth of the automobile production industry, which is one of the key customers of rubber products.

Čeravno se glede na posamezne razvojne stopnje gospodarstva in družbe spreminja pomen in vpliv različnih tipov podjetništva, je podjetništvo vselej pomembno, saj zagotavlja in omogoča razvoj. Proučevanje podjetništva zato pomeni predvsem proučevanje temeljne gonilne sile, to je podjetnika in njegovih ambicij, inovativnosti in podjetnosti, pa tudi strahov in razlogov, ki preprečujejo, da bi se usposobljeni posamezniki usmerili v podjetništvo. Globalni podjetniški monitor (GEM) , ki proučuje svetovno podjetništvo že vse od leta 1999, prav posameznikom posveča posebno pozornost in svoja spoznanja gradi na informacijah, ki jih z obširnim anketiranjem pridobiva neposredno od njih. Ti posamezniki živijo in delajo v zelo različnih ekonomskih, socialnih, kulturnih in političnih okoljih, kar pomembno določa njihova hotenja in ravnanja, ki jih z našim raziskovanjem poskušamo spoznati in razumeti. Ob splošnih pogojih, ki spodbujajo ali pospešujejo podjetništvo v posamezni državi, se GEM osredotoča na tri sklope in sicer odnos do podjetništva, vključevanje v podjetniške aktivnosti in aspiracije podjetnikov. Za leto 2010 smo Slovenijo primerjali še z 58 drugimi državami iz vsega sveta. Despite the fact that the role and influence of various types of entrepreneurship differ according to different developmental stages of economy and society, entrepreneurship remains important, because it ensures development. The study of entrepreneurship thus involves mainly the study of its fundamental driving force, i.e. entrepreneurs and their ambitions, innovativeness and entrepreneurship skills, as well as their fears and the reasons that prevent skilled individuals from embarking on entrepreneurship activities. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), which has studied entrepreneurship globally since 1999, emphasises the role of individuals and builds its scientific evidence on information gathered from extensive questionnaires these individuals fill in. They live and work in different economic, social, cultural and political environments, which has an important impact on their intentions and actions, which our research activities try to identify and understand. In addition to general requirements, which foster or promote entrepreneurship in individual countries, the GEM focuses on three issues, namely the attitude towards entrepreneurship, engagement in entrepreneurship activities and entrepreneurship aspirations. In 2010, Slovenia was compared with 58 countries from around the world.

V jedru proučevanja največje svetovne raziskave podjetništva Globalni podjetniški monitor (GEM) je posameznik in celotni spekter dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na razmerja med podjetniki, podjetništvom, družbo in njenim razvojem. Podjetja ustvarijo posamezniki, na nagnjenost posameznika k podjetništvu pa vplivajo številni dejavniki v institucionalnem okolju, odnos družbe do podjetništva, kulturne vrednote in podobno. Ti dejavniki so različni glede na stopnjo dosežene ekonomske razvitosti posamezne države. V vsakem izmed tipov gospodarstev je vloga podjetništva drugačna, kar tudi zahteva drugačen odziv ekonomske politike in politike pospeševanja podjetništva. V monografiji smo kar nekaj analiz naredili tako, da smo Slovenijo primerjali s temi tipi gospodarstev, predvsem pa z državami, ki so nam po ekonomski razvitosti ali geografski umeščenosti bliže. Krajše poglavje v monografiji smo posvetili tudi globalnemu podjetniškemu indeksu – GEI indeksu, ki omogoča, da ločeno spremljamo tri ključna področja podjetništva v posamezni državi in jih globalno primerjamo, to so odnos do podjetništva, podjetniška aktivnost in podjetniške aspiracije. Leta 2009 je bilo v raziskovanje prvič vključeno tudi socialno podjetništvo. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) – the world’s most comprehensive research on entrepreneurship – focuses on an individual and the entire spectrum of factors influencing the relationships between entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship and society and its development. Enterprises are created by individuals while the individual’s inclination towards entrepreneurship is shaped by a number of factors of a country’s institutional framework, the attitude of a society towards entrepreneurship, cultural values, etc. These factors differ according to the level of the individual country’s economic development. The role of entrepreneurship differs in each of these types of economies, which, consequently, requires a different response by the bodies in charge of economic policy and promotion of entrepreneurship. The monograph at hand thus includes a number of analyses comparing the Slovenian economy with these three types of economies. The analyses mainly concentrate on the countries with economic development similar to Slovenia’s or on the ones which are geographically closer. A short chapter of the monograph is devoted to Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI). This index enables a separate observation of three key categories of entrepreneurship in an individual country (entrepreneurial attitudes, entrepreneurial activity and entrepreneurial aspirations), which can in turn be compared globally. In 2009, also social entrepreneurship was included in the research for the first time.

Podjetje, ki načrtuje poslovanje na tujih trgih, se mora najprej seznaniti s splošno stabilnostjo makroekonomskega okolja izbranih držav. Eden izmed najbolj znanih in uporabnih pristopov k raziskovanju poslovnega okolja je PEST-analiza, s katero analiziramo makroekonomske dejavnike, ki mnogokrat vplivajo na uspešnost podjetja pri vstopanju na nepoznan trg. V diplomskem delu smo analizirali poslovno okolje ter deželna tveganja Mehike in Indonezije. V prvem delu smo predstavili pojem poslovnega okolja ter njegove sestavine, PEST-analizo ter pojem deželnega tveganja. V drugem delu smo se osredotočili na podrobnejšo analizo obeh držav in predstavili ekonomsko, politično, družbeno-kulturno in tehnološko okolje obeh držav ter njuna deželna tveganja. V zadnjem delu diplomskega dela smo primerjalno analizirali obe državi iz vidikov dimenzij poslovnega okolja ter deželnih tveganj. S pomočjo sekundarnih podatkov smo preverjali, ali Mehika zaradi svoje razvitejše industrije ponuja več poslovnih priložnosti kot Indonezija, in ali je vstop na indonezijski trg zaradi obsežnejše birokracije zahtevnejši kot vstop na mehiški trg. A company that plans to enter a foreign market has to get acquainted with the general stability of the macroeconomic environment of the selected countries. One of the most well-known and useful approaches towards the research of business environment is PEST analysis, by which we analyze macroeconomic factors that many times influence the firm’s successfulness at entering the unknown market. In the diploma thesis we have analyzed business environment and country risks of Mexico and Indonesia. In the first part we have introduced the concept of business environment and its components, PEST analysis and the concept of country risk. In the second part we have focused to the detailed analysis of both countries and their country risks. In the last part of the diploma thesis, we have comparatively analyze both countries from the aspects of the dimensions of business environment and country risks. By means of the secondary data we have tested, whether Mexico due to its more developed industry offers more business opportunities than Indonesia, and whether the entry to the Indonesian market, due to the more extensive bureaucracy is more difficult than the entry to the Mexican market.

Pred vstopom na tuj trg podjetje analizira poslovno okolje in tveganja tega trga. Natančna analiza podjetju prinaša podroben vpogled v tuje poslovno okolje ter potencialne poslovne partnerje. Pomanjkljiva analiza poslovnega okolja vodi do tveganja za neuspeh. Rusija se uvršča med hitro rastoče trge BRICS (Brazilija, Rusija, Indija, Kitajska, Južnoafriška republika), ki bodo po napovedih tudi v prihodnje dosegali visoko gospodarsko rast. Med omenjenimi trgi je Rusija najbližja Sloveniji, tako geografsko kot tudi po načinu poslovanja. Korupcija, ki se je v sovjetskem sistemu institucionalizirala in postala množična na vseh ravneh, je v Rusiji velik problem. Njeno zniževanje bo dolgotrajnejši in ne prav lahek proces. Before entering a foreign market the company analyzes its business environment and risks. Precise analysis provides the company with a detailed insight into foreign business environment and potential business partners. An inadequate analysis of business environment leads towards the risk of failure. Russia is placed among the high growth markets BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) that will achieve high economic growth also in the future according to the forecasts. Among the aforementioned markets, Russia is the nearest to Slovenia, geographically, as well as according to the way of doing business. Corruption, which was institutionalized in the Soviet system and became mass at all levels, is a big problem in Russia. Its lowering will be a long-lasting and not very easy process.

Diplomsko delo obravnava problematiko zagotavljanja informacijske varnosti pri uporabi mobilnih naprav v poslovnem okolju. V diplomskem delu skušamo predstaviti priporočila za izbor, izvajanje in uporabo tehnologije za varno upravljanje mobilnih naprav v poslovnem okolju skozi njihov celotni življenjski cikel. The diploma addresses the problem of ensuring information security when using mobile devices in the business environment.In the diploma thesis we try to present recommendations for the selection, implementation and use of technology for the secure management of mobile devices in the business environment over their entire life cycle.

Okolje, v katerem živijo in delujejo posamezniki, pomembno vpliva na njihovo odločitev, da ustanovijo podjetje ali razširijo obstoječega. Ker je okolje mogoče oblikovati z ustrezno industrijsko politiko, v prispevku na osnovi tistega dela podatkovne zbirke svetovne raziskave Globalni podjetniški monitor(GEM) za leto 2012, ki je bila oblikovana z anketiranjem nacionalnih izvedencev, analiziramo podjetniško okolje v Sloveniji. Ugotovitve analize smo povezali z možnimi kanali politične intervencije, ki jih predlaga v teoretičnem delu predstavljeni modelni okvir podjetniške politike. Analiza kaže, da v Sloveniji še vedno ni zadovoljivega družbenega konsenza o pomembnosti podjetništva in njegovi vlogi za gospodarsko rast in družbeni razvoj. Rezultati tudi opozarjajo, da je še zlasti pomembno okrepiti intervencijo na ponudbeni strani podjetništva, saj bo potencialni podjetnik izkoristil zaznano priložnost le, če bo imel na voljo ustrezne zmogljivosti, sposobnosti in proizvodne vire. The decision of individuals to either establish their own business or to expand an existing one, as well as the interdependence between entrepreneurship and economic development are significantly influenced by the environment in which those individuals live and work. Such an environment is possible to shape with appropriate industrial policy. Based partly on the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (gem) database, obtained by surveying national experts in 2012, authors analyze business environment in Slovenia. We linked the results of analysis with potential channels of policy intervention proposed by entrepreneurial policy framework. The analysis shows that in Slovenia adequate social consensus on the importance of entrepreneurship and understanding of its role for economic growth and social development is still missing. Results also indicate that it is particularly important to strength the intervention on the supply side of entrepreneurship, because potential entrepreneur will take advantage of good business opportunity only if he/she will have the required capacities, skills and necessary resources.

V diplomskem projektu smo analizirali poslovno okolje in pomembne gospodarske panoge v Mehiki in Turčiji. Ker je svet v današnjem času medsebojno prepleten, je za podjetja ključnega pomena, da sodelujejo na mednarodnih trgih, da lahko optimalno izkoristijo svoje zmogljivosti in maksimirajo dobičke. Na začetku smo obravnavali pojem in pomen analize poslovnega okolja tujega trga in njegove sestavine. V naslednjem delu diplomskega projekta smo izvedli analizo poslovnega okolja Mehike in pomembnih panog na tem trgu. V zadnjem delu diplomskega projekta pa smo analizirali poslovno okolje v Turčiji in pomembne panoge na turškem trgu. Z analizo smo želeli dokazati, da je turški trg privlačnejši za slovenska podjetja oziroma izvoznike kot mehiški. Prav tako smo želeli potrditi, da sta obe gospodarstvi v mednarodni trgovini večinoma odvisni od ene regionalne integracije. In our diploma thesis we analysed business environment and important industries in Mexico and Turkey. Because the world is very intertwined today, it is crucial for companies to participate in international markets that they can make optimal use of their capabilities and maximize profits. At the beginning the concept and the importance of the analysis of foreign markets' business environment and its components were discussed. In the next part of the diploma thesis the analysis of the business environment in Mexico and perspective industries in this market was performed. In the last part of the diploma thesis, however, we analysed the business environment in Turkey and important industries in Turkish market. We wanted to prove with the analysis that the Turkish market is more attractive for Slovene companies and exporters, respectively, than Mexican market. We wanted to prove as well, that the both economies are largely dependent on a single regional integration.

V diplomskem projektu smo raziskovali poslovno okolje Francije. Danes je zaradi posledic globalizacije svet postal majhen, mednarodno poslovanje pa je za večino podjetij ključnega pomena. Pred vstopom na tuj trg se tako podjetja soočijo z vprašanjem, kateri trg izbrati, z namenom, da ne bi ogrozila svojega obstoja, temveč da bi bila uspešna. Na začetku smo se tako seznanili s pojmom in pomenom poznavanja poslovnega okolja tujega trga in njegovimi dimenzijami. Nato smo se seznanili s pojmom deželnega tveganja tujega trga ter kako ga lahko izmerimo. Pri meritvah je osrednja institucija, na katero smo se v diplomskem projektu oprli, mednarodna institucija Euromoney. V drugi polovici diplomskega projekta smo se osredotočili na analizo poslovnega okolja in deželnega tveganja Francije. Z analizo smo poskušali dokazati, da je Francija z vidikov političnega in ekonomskega okolja ter deželnega tveganja privlačen trg za mednarodno trgovanje in investiranje. In our diploma thesis we dealt with the analysis of the business environment of France and its country risk. As a result of globalization the world has nowadays become small and international trade is crucial for most companies. Before entering a foreign market the company faces the question which market to select in order not to jeopardize their existence, but contrary, to be successful. At the beginning of our thesis we familiarized with the term and the meaning of the business environment in foreign markets and its dimensions. Further on, we got acquainted with the term country risk. More specifically with its meaning and how it can be measured. In our thesis we choose Euromoney as the central institution that performs such measurements. In the second half of the diploma project we focused on the analysis of the business environment in France and the analysis of its country risk. Through the analysis we have tried to prove that France can be, from the political and economic aspect and from its country risk, an attractive market for international trade and investment.

V magistrskem delu smo obravnavali značilnosti držav v razvoju, ki veljajo za eno izmed pomembnejših obravnavanih področij svetovnega ekonomskega prostora. Kljub dejstvu, da so bile pred dobrim desetletjem vse niti dogajanj na svetovnem gospodarskem in finančnem prostoru v rokah razvitih držav zahodnega sveta, so države v razvoju, kljub nezadostni stopnji razvoja njihovega ekonomskega, političnega in sociokulturnega okolja, sledile svoji viziji na poti industrializacije gospodarstva in tako pišejo zanimivo zgodbo o doseganju ekonomskega napredka. V prvem delu magistrskega dela smo opredelili ekonomske razsežnosti globalizacije, ki je s pomočjo tehnološkega napredka in odpravo ekonomskih, logističnih in predvsem miselnih ovir spremenila svet v eno veliko ploskev. Globalizacije, katere glavna vodila so liberalizacija mednarodne trgovine, tehnološki napredek držav in razvoj informacijske tehnologije, je nemogoče opisati z eno samo definicijo, zato smo ta pojem opredelili s pomočjo razlag posameznih avtorjev. V drugem delu magistrskega dela smo se osredotočili na države v razvoju in njihove ekonomske razsežnosti. Podrobneje smo analizirali posamezne države iz skupine NEXT 11 in opredelili značilnosti njihovega makro, poslovnega in investicijskega okolja ter tako dobili konkreten vpogled v značilnosti njihovih gospodarstev. Kljub spoznanju, da omenjene države posedujejo ogromen potencial za doseganje odmevnega gospodarskega napredka, se vsaka izmed njih nahaja na različni stopnji ekonomskega in socialnega razvoja, kar med drugim predstavlja izzive na področju doseganja višje stopnje makroekonomske in sociokulturne stabilnosti. Analizirane države smo med drugim primerjali s skupino držav BRIC in ugotovili, da sta si skupini držav v določenih makrosegmentih podobni bolj, v drugih manj, a kljub temu obe posedujeta neprecenljiv potencial za trajnostni razvoj. Nadalje smo v tretjem delu opredelili najpomembnejše trgovinske partnerje posameznih držav iz skupine NEXT 11 in blagovne skupine, ki se pojavljajo na njihovi izvozni oziroma uvozni strani. Prišli smo do spoznanja, da ZDA in Kitajska, ob kontinentalnih sosedih, za večino držav predstavljata najpomembnejšega partnerja na področju blagovne menjave. Najpomembnejši proizvodi, ki so predmet blagovne menjave, so predvsem elektronska oprema in visokotehnološki proizvodi, viri energije, med katerimi izstopa nafta, in posamezne surovine ter ostale manj kompleksne blagovne skupine. V zadnjem delu smo analizirali gospodarsko sodelovanje med Slovenijo in državami iz skupine NEXT 11 in ugotovili, da je obseg blagovne menjave Slovenije s posameznimi državami, z izjemo Turčije in Južne Koreje, na nezavidljivem nivoju. To dejstvo naroča slovenski diplomaciji, predvsem pa slovenskim podjetjem, večje osredotočenje na značilnosti posameznih držav iz omenjene skupine. In the master’s degree thesis, we dealt with characteristic of emerging countries, which are considered as one of the major areas to be discussed in the world economic area. Despite the fact, that a decade ago, all global, economic and financial strings were pulled by the developed western countries and despite the insufficient level of development of the economic, political and socio-cultural environment, the emerging countries still followed their vision on the road to industrialization of the economy. These countries write an interesting story about achieving economic progress. In the first part of the master’s degree thesis, we defined the economic dimension of globalization, which through technological progress, the removal of economic, logistic and especially mental barriers changed the world into one big surface. Globalization, which two main principles are information revolution and the liberation of international trade, it is impossible to describe with only a single definition, so we defined this concept by using the interpretations of individual authors. The second part is focused on the emerging countries and their economic dimensions. In details we analysed each country from the group NEXT 11. We identified the characteristic of macro, business and investment environment and so we got a concrete insight into the characteristics of their economies. Despite the recognition that these countries possess enormous potential to achieve great economic progress, each of them is at different stage of economic and social development, which also possess challenges to the achievement of higher levels of macro-economic and socio-cultural stability. We compared the analysed countries with a group of BRIC countries and discovered that the two groups in certain macro segments are similar in other less, yet both possess valuable potential for sustainable development. Furthermore, in the third part, we identified the most important trading partners of each individual country in the group NEXT 11 and the trade groups that appear on their export or import side. The conclusion is, that the most important trade partners for the NEXT 11 countries are their continental neighbour, US and China. The main products for trade are mainly electronic equipment and high-tech products, energy sources in which most notably is oil, raw material and other less complex categories. In the last section, we analysed the economic cooperation between Slovenia and the countries from the group NEXT 11. We found, that the volume of trade between Slovenia and the individual countries from NEXT 11, with exception of Turkey and South Korea is on an unenviable level. This fact instructs the Slovenian diplomacy, especially Slovenian companies to focus on the characteristics of individual countries from this group.

International marketing research

Trg dela je opredeljen s povpraševanjem in ponudbo na trgu dela. Ker prihaja do prevelike ponudbe, glede na potrebe in povpraševanje na trgu dela, prihaja do visoke stopnje brezposelnosti. Trg dela se začne segmentirati, da pa bi prišlo do zmanjšanje brezposelnosti, pa je potrebna večja fleksibilnost oziroma sposobnost prilagajanja trga dela in njegovih glavnih akterjev. Brezposelnost, še posebej med mladimi, vpliva na celotno družbo in mlade potiska v še slabši življenjski položaj. Dolgotrajna brezposelnost ima lahko nezaželene učinke tudi na nadaljnji poti mladih na trgu dela. Visoka brezposelnost med mladimi v Sloveniji je problem, zato je predvsem fleksibilen trg dela tisti, ki se na takšne šoke prilagaja in za katerega je značilna in zaželena mobilnost delovne sile. Mladi so v današnjem času premalo mobilni, vzroki so lahko na osebnostni ravni posameznika ali pa zaradi okoljskih dejavnikov. Problematika se kaže tudi v pomanjkanju novih delovnih mest, ki bi mladim omogočale hitrejši prehod iz izobraževalnega sistema na trg dela in hkrati socialno varnost. Problematika visoke brezposelnosti je povezana tudi s fleksibilnimi oblikami zaposlitve, med katere v Sloveniji spada študentsko delo in sam sistem izobraževanja, ki je nastavljen na teoretični osnovi. Pomemben vpliv na stanje na trgu dela pa imajo podjetja, ki bi s fleksibilnimi oblikami zaposlitve ustvarjala večjo fleksibilnost trga dela. Podjetja se morajo za uspešnejšo konkurenčnost še hitreje prilagajati šokom na trgu dela in to lahko dosežejo s čim večjim obsegom fleksibilnih oblik zaposlitev in usmerjenostjo h kolektivnemu razmišljanju. Podjetjem pa zraven kriznih časov dodatno problematiko predstavlja slovenski tog trg dela, z visokim varovanjem zaposlitve. V ta namen se izvajajo številne reforme dela, ki naj bi zmanjšale brezposelnost in finančno spodbudile mlade, da bi se znali lažje prilagajati spremembam na trgu dela ter finančno spodbudile tudi podjetja. Vrzel med potencialno mobilnostjo mladih in dejansko mobilnostjo je velika, saj se mladi kljub slabim zaposlitvenim možnostim redko odločajo za delovno mobilnost. Delež visoko izobraženih se iz leta v leto zvišuje, potrebe trga dela pa se razlikujejo od dejanske ponudbe. Mladi se vse bolj oklepajo svoje dosežene izobrazbe, zato so slabše poklicno mobilni. Za to so delno kriva tudi podjetja, ki imajo zaradi velike ponudbe na trgu dela možnost iskati primeren in hkrati za njih cenejši kader, za določeno delovno mesto. Skozi našo analizo smo ugotovili, da so mladi pripravljeni zapustiti domače okolje zaradi dela, odločali bi se tudi za slabše plačana delovna mesta, kljub temu pa bi jim glavno motivacijo za mobilnost predstavljala plača. Kot študentje so lažje in hitreje prihajali do novih zaposlitev, vendar pa kljub temu niso pridobili potrebnih izkušenj, da bi sedaj na trgu dela nastopali kot zanimiv in povpraševan kader. Delodajalcem pa je v teh kriznih časih izrednega pomena finančni vidik zaposlovanja. Pripravljeni so vlagati v nov, potencialni kader, vendar vidijo slabo pomoč s strani države. Labour market is defined with supply and demand. Very big supply on the labour market, according to the needs and the demand, leads to a high level of unemployment. The labour market begins to segment, but it takes a lot more flexibility or the ability to adapt in order to reduce the level of unemployment. Unemployment, especially with young people, influences the whole society and forces the young into unfavorable life situation. Long-term unemployment can have undesirable effects also on the further path of the young in the labour market. High level of unemployment amongst young people in Slovenia is a problem, so it is particularly flexible labour market the one that adapts to such shocks and which is characterized by labor mobility. The young today are not very mobile, what may be the result of the individual's personal aspect or because of the environmental factors. This problem is also the result of the lack of new jobs, which would enable the young faster transition from educational system to labour market and also social security. The problem of high unemployment is also associated with flexible forms of employment, one of those in Slovenia is student work and the educational system itself, which is based on theoretical ground. Important part on the labour market also have companies which would, with flexible forms of employment, create a bigger flexibility on the labour market. In order to be successful and emulative on the labour market companies have to be able of fast adjustment to shocks on labour market, which can be achieved by as big as possible amount of flexible forms of employment and with orientation to collective thinking. It is not only the hard time we live in but also the rigid Slovenian labour market with high employment protection what causes a lot of problems to our companies. For this purpose there are several reforms of work which would decrease the level of unemployment and financially encourage the young to easier adapt to changes on the labour market and also financially encourage companies. The gap between potential and actual mobility amongst the young is big because the young, despite poor employment opportunities, do not choose labour mobility. The amount of highly educated people is bigger from year to year and the needs on labour market differ from the actual offer. The young hang on their achieved education and because of that they are professionally less mobile. Partly to blame are also companies, which have a big supply on labour market and so an option to look for cheaper cadre for particular work position. Through our analysis we found that young people are willing to leave their home environment in order to find work, they would also accept the lower paid jobs, because their main motivation for mobility presents the salary. As students they found new job opportunities faster and easier but did not get the necessary experience to be an interesting, wanted candidate on labour market. The financial aspect of employment is very important for companies in these crisis times. They are prepared to invest into new, potential cadre, but the help of the country is poor.

BRIICS's power is growing in the global economy and they have become very important players in a political sense. Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China, and South Africa represent fast growing markets, which are potential markets for foreign investors. Risks, like political risks, financial risks or corruption are always present, and they cause a lot of uncertainty in investors’ eyes, since they can lose their input. The risks are much higher in developing countries because their political and financial systems are not well developed or implemented. In my diploma seminar I analysed in great detail the business environments and risks of Russia, China and India. Analysis was backed up with many economic indicators which I found relative. At the end of analysis, I pointed out a country which would be a good potential market for RELIDEA ltd., a company that does digital marketing. My diploma seminar also included possible scenarios of the BRIICS and their new challenges Danes so najhitreje rastoče države ali tako imenovane BRIICS države zelo pomembne za svetovno gospodarstvo. Njihova moč v globalni ekonomiji narašča in imajo zato zelo pomembno vlogo tudi v političnem smislu. Brazilija, Rusija, Indija, Indonezija, Kitajska in Južna Afrika predstavljajo glavne hitro rastoče trge, ki so potencialna tržišča za tuje vlagatelje. Vsako podjetje ali vlagatelj, ki namerava vstopiti na takšen trg, se mora sočiti z drugačnim poslovnim okoljem in tveganji. Vsaka država ima svoje slabosti in prednosti, ki jih mora preučiti in nato izbrati najustreznejši trg. Tveganja – npr. politična in finančna tveganja ali korupcija – so zmeraj prisotna in potencialnim vlagateljem povzročajo veliko negotovosti, saj lahko zaradi njih izgubijo svoje vložke. Tveganja so veliko večja v državah, ki so v razvoju, saj njihovi politični ali finančni sistemi še niso dovolj razviti in implementirani. V diplomskem seminarju sem podrobneje opisal finančna tveganja in predstavil največje finančne probleme v državah BRIICS, kot so zelo nestabilna valuta, neuravnotežene javne finance in finančni problem zadolževanja na Kitajskem. Nazorno in aktualno so predstavljena tudi politična tveganja. Konflikt med Rusijo in Ukrajino, teroristični napadi na zahodu Kitajske ali izredno stanje na meji med Pakistanom in Indijo – vsa takšna politična trenja puščajo posledice na naših investicijah v državi in potrebno je oceniti, ali so takšna tveganja sprejemljiva. Zelo pomembno je tudi razumeti poslovno okolje, v katerem bomo poslovali. V večini primerov se poslovno okolje zelo razlikuje od tega, kar poznamo v Evropi. Da bi se lažje prilagodili na drugačno poslovno okolje, je potrebno dobro preučiti kulturo in njihove običaje, saj lahko, če jih ne upoštevamo dovolj, negativno vplivajo na naše poslovanje. Vsaka država ima drugačne navade in običaje, kar ima vpliv na drugačno mišljenje naših poslovnih partnerjev ali potrošnikov. Potrošnikovo mišljenje je zelo pomemben del analize nekega okolja. V diplomskem seminarju sem se podrobneje osredotočil na Rusijo, Kitajsko in Indijo. Poslovno okolje se razlikuje tudi po delovni sili, ki je pomemben dejavnik za podjetja, ki želijo izkoriščati prednost poceni delovne sile v državah v razvoju. Delovna sila se v državah BRIICS razlikuje po velikosti, kvalificiranosti, ceni in drugih značilnostih. V to analizo sem vključil podatke, ki prikazujejo razporeditev delovne sile med storitve, industrijo in kmetijstvo v državi. V diplomskem seminarju so podrobneje opisani tudi vladni predpisi in omejitve, ki so v porastu in zelo otežujejo poslovanje z državami. Večina držav se poslužuje zelo očitnih omejitev, kot so tarife in kvote, nekatere pa posegajo še globlje, predvsem v tehnološki del. Omejujejo dostop do različnih spletnih strani, ki so v tuji lasti in promovirajo svoje lokalne ponudnike. Največkrat so tarča omejenega dostopa socialna omrežja in strani s spletno prodajo. Takšne omejitve države resno vplivajo na poslovanje podjetja, še posebej če je podjetje od takšnih spletnih strani odvisno. Čeprav so države BRIICS v razvoju, to ne pomeni, da nimajo potrebe po naprednejši tehnologiji, ki jo ponujajo razvita podjetja. V diplomski seminar je vključen praktičen primer tehnološkega podjetja RELIDEA d.o.o, ki se ukvarja z digitalnim marketingom. Da bi lahko prišel do zaključka in izbral najbolj primeren trg za njihovo širitev, sem trge podrobno analiziral. Za lažje odločanje med trgi sem vključil veliko ekonomskih indikatorjev, kot so BDP na prebivalca, rast BDP, sestava BDP, brezposelnost itn., saj nam ekonomski indikatorji pomagajo ponazoriti ekonomsko stanje v državi. Vključeni so tudi podatki o glavnih izvoznih in uvoznih partnerjih ter glavne surovine oziroma izdelki izvoza in uvoza. V diplomskem seminarju sem obravnaval tudi možne scenarije za BRIICS države v prihodnosti in nove izzive.