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Purpose: Drawing from occupational socialization theory and social capital theory, the purpose of this study was to investigate the socialization of physical education teachers in a professional learning community during induction. Method: Because this investigation consisted of a single school, a single instrumental case study design was utilized. The school was purposely chosen given its status as a "model professional learning community." Two physical education teachers, three school administrators, and the founding principal participated in this study. Data collection consisted of a combination of dyadic interviews, focus groups, observations, and documents. Results: Data analysis revealed three overlapping themes with supportive categorical subthemes: (a) Dispersed and Inclusive Leadership, (b) Teacher Empowerment, and (c) Culture of Belonging. Discussion: Implications for physical education teachers include the necessity of ongoing collaboration with administrators, cross-curricular colleagues, and physical education teaching peers. Physical educators should seek to develop strong social capital within the school professional learning community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to focus the effect of information technology on the financial accounting performance of Asian public listed companies. This study used secondary data for 120 companies from 2020 to 2023. The study also used OLS to test regression by using the Stata program. The study found that there is a positive and important link among information technologies on financial accounting performance. Information technology has become a focus of interest for all financial and economic organizations because of its effect on their public and private performance in overall and financial performance in specific. Its influence also comprises several elements of accounting and financial performance. The study extended a set of findings, the significant of which is the presence of a significant impact of information technology on financial accounting performance indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most challenging global problems today is environmental sustainability, which countries and companies, at a micro level, are pressured to address. The study aimed to analyze the financial and non-financial environmental data disclosed in the sustainability reports of selected environmentally sensitive Philippine publicly listed companies (PLCs) relative to the Sustainability Reporting Guidelines of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Content analysis of PLCs' reports was employed, with both descriptive and inferential statistics applied on the different data sets gathered. The study showed that the release of the SEC memo raised the level of environmental data disclosed by the Subject Companies for the period 2017-2021. Also, results showed a significant, positive association between firm size and reported environmental data, while leverage, return on equity, and the holding sector showed significant, negative relationships. The study is expected to add to the currently sparse written works on the environmental reporting in the Philippines, and also in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Instructional leadership plays a particular role in school since its role has always been to impact effective teaching and learning processes. Instructional leadership practices is essential in promoting professional development among teachers. Professional learning communities (PLCs) are recognized as one of effective organization practice involving collaborative learning to improve school performance. This paper emphasize the importance of promoting collaborative learning among teachers by instructional school leaders. Therefore, this conceptual paper aims to discuss the influence of instructional leadership practices among school leaders towards PLCs practices. Hence, issues and challenges in implementing PLCs in schools are discussed. As a result, this conceptual paper offers insights with implications for policy, practice, and training. The policy makers should emphasize the encouragement of PLCs implementation to promotes its beneficial practice for school performance. Besides, school leaders should focus on instructional leadership strategies that highlight best practices to promote collaborative learning opportunities for professional development among teachers. This paper also underscores the significance of equipping school leaders with the necessary skills to foster a positive school climate, thereby enhancing the successful implementation of Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) among teachers. In conclusion, instructional leadership plays an important role in supporting the PLCs implementation in school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to examine the effect of collaborative practices among teachers on student achievement in state-tested science courses. Using an action research model, the author planned, implemented, and evaluated the effect of teachers collaborating in PLCs in science classes in a rural school district. Prior to the study, teachers in the district reported that they had never had the opportunity to collaborate with other teachers at different schools in the district. The school and district leaders had previously made attempts to form PLCs, but they were unsuccessful in their efforts. The district coordinator used vertical and horizontal alignment meetings throughout the school year to support the teachers' needs. Findings of the research show there was a 14% increase in students testing on the proficient and distinguished levels on the End of Course Assessment in 8th grade science, an 11% increase in Biology, and a 3% increase in 5th grade science after less than one year of the collaborative practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autonomous vehicles constitute the next revolution in transportation. They are designed to improve road efficiency and driving safety. Autonomous vehicles are capable, using artificial intelligence, of recognizing their surroundings, navigating, and avoiding obstacles without human intervention. Integrating Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) into the safety Programmable Logic Controllers (fail-safe PLCs) to create an algorithm that controls an autonomous vehicle and ensures safety on the roads is presented. ANNs are a supervised machinelearning model based on a computing system built to simulate the way the human brain processes and analyzes information. A fail-safe PLC offers a safety concept in the field of machine and personnel protection. The fail-safe system is connected directly to the ANN’s program. It is responsible for shutting down the ANN in cases where the ANN output starts providing false results that could danger humans or property. Also, the fail-safe PLC works in conjunction with the main PLC to serve as a backup to the neural network system. A set of training examples involving over 30 data was evaluated to train the ANN. In addition, a fail-safe PLC program was designed to perform under special conditions. Indoor obstacle avoidance courses were used as an example to examine the effectiveness of the obstacle avoidance system. Simulation results show that the system successfully predicted and responded correctly to the training data and avoided all obstacles on the obstacle-avoidance courses. The system examined real-world data and the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phospholipase C is an essential isozyme involved in the phosphoinositide signaling pathway, which maintains cellular homeostasis. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations in phospholipase C impact enzymatic activity and are therefore associated with several disorders. Alternative splicing variants of phospholipase C can interfere with complex signaling networks associated with oncogenic transformation and other diseases, including brain disorders. Cells and tissues with various mutations in phospholipase C contribute different phosphoinositide signaling pathways and disease progression; however, identifying cryptic mutations in phospholipase C remains challenging. Herein, we review both the mechanisms underlying phospholipase C regulation of the phosphoinositide signaling pathway and the genetic variation of phospholipase C in several brain disorders. In addition, we discuss the present challenges associated with the potential of deep-learning-based analysis for the identification of phospholipase C mutations in brain disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Listeria monocytogenes grows in the host cytosol and uses the surface protein ActA to promote actin polymerisation and mediate actin-based motility. ActA, along with two secreted bacterial phospholipases C, also mediates avoidance from autophagy, a degradative process that targets intracellular microbes. Although it is known that ActA prevents autophagic recognition of L. monocytogenes in epithelial cells by masking the bacterial surface with host factors, the relative roles of actin polymerisation and actin-based motility in autophagy avoidance are unclear in macrophages. Using pharmacological inhibition of actin polymerisation and a collection of actA mutants, we found that actin polymerisation prevented the colocalisation of L. monocytogenes with polyubiquitin, the autophagy receptor p62, and the autophagy protein LC3 during macrophage infection. In addition, the ability of L. monocytogenes to stimulate actin polymerisation promoted autophagy avoidance and growth in macrophages in the absence of phospholipases C. Time-lapse microscopy using green fluorescent protein-LC3 macrophages and a probe for filamentous actin showed that bacteria undergoing actin-based motility moved away from LC3-positive membranes. Collectively, these results suggested that although actin polymerisation protects the bacterial surface from autophagic recognition, actin-based motility allows escape of L. monocytogenes from autophagic membranes in the macrophage cytosol.

This paper presents an automated Kannada subtitle generator from Kannada video which is implemented to assist people with auditory problems for watching videos. Subtitle generation has become an important task for supporting such special people and it integrates an audio extraction and a speech recognition module and synchronization. The proposed work involves three phase such as extraction of audio form video, recognition of speech, generating subtitle and synchronization of subtitle with audio and video. An adaptive speech recognition module is implemented AMFCC for feature extraction. For decoder acoustic module, AHMMis used to reduce the computational time and memory usage. The text file from the speech recognition module is rendered to synchronize the missing offset with the video using parallel processing. One amongst the foremost essential factors with audience perception is the quality of the video subtitle for those people who are deaf and difficult for hearing. In this paper we are discussing the technique for Sub-Synchronization tool for automatic synchronization between media substance and subtitles, by taking an advantage of current familiar techniques which are utilized for word sequences alignment. The main objective of this paper is to deal the lack of synchronizing that happens within the subtitles once made during the video that have some improvised parts. In order to synchronize the audio-Video content with subtitle an efficient technique is used for sequence alignment is PLCS algorithm which gives best performance in terms of time and space, accuracy compare to other existing technique for sequence alignment algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SME 4.0 is the industrial enterprise that has undergone a cyberphysical transformation of manufacturing. The Industry 4.0 concept comes from the German initiative, launched by the government to promote connected manufacturing and digital convergence between industry, business and other processes. The move to a 4.0 business is complex, it is a fully interoperable ecosystem of machines and partners will be created throughout the supply chain and the data will feed and correct the flow of economic transactions and financial transactions. It is in this context that this paper proposes to summarize the main strategies of facilitating passage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central utility services are increasingly networked systems that use an interconnection of sensors and programmable logic controllers, and feed data to servers and human-machine interfaces. These systems are connected to the Internet so that they can be accessed remotely, and the network in these plants is structured according to the SCADA model. Although the physical systems themselves are generally designed with high degrees of safety in mind, and designers of computer systems are well advised to incorporate computer security principles, a combined framework for supervisory control of the physical and cyber architectures in these systems is still lacking. Often absent are provisions to defend against external and internal attacks, and even operator errors that might bypass currently standalone security measures to cause undesirable consequences. In this paper we examine a prototypical instance of SCADA network in the distribution network that handles central cooling and heating for a set of buildings. The electrical loads are networked through programmable logic controllers (PLCs), electrical meters, and networks that deliver data to and from servers that are part of a SCADA system, which has grown in size and complexity over many years.

Abstract The study analyses the impact of central bank activities carried out as a result of the crisis in 2008 on cross-correlations observed on stocks exchanges. Using the power law classification scheme (PLCS), histograms of the correlation strength for five groups of entities from different regions of the world were examined. Each of the groups contained 16 quotes selected among the companies listed on the following indexes: All Ordinaries, CAC 40, DAX, DJI, FTSE 100, Hang Seng, Nikkei 225. The analysis was carried out by comparing the correlation strengths histograms for the selected periods before and after 2008 year. Significant differences between the group of markets on which central banks' intervention took place from those where such intervention was not carried out were pointed. In particular, the cross-correlations among companies in the USA and European markets were compared with the situation on the Australian market. The Japanese and Singapore markets can be considered as the special cases where no direct intervention took place but due to the strong relationship with European and USA economy the cross-correlations have been disturbed. Highlights • It was showed that the political intervention influenced cross-correlation among companies. • The analysis of cross-correlations among companies before and after the financial crisis in 2008. • Application of Power Law Classification Scheme (PLCS) to the analysis of central bank influence on the stock markets cross-correlations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the sensitivity of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) to voltage sags based on mechanistic analysis and numerous tests. First, the sag sensitivity caused by different values of rated working voltage is shown through an analysis of the power supply and discrete input/output modules of PLCs. Second, a detailed sag-tolerance experimental scheme is proposed, and PLC sensitivity curves that differ from early curves are established through several experimental tests. Experiments are conducted with nine typical PLCs. The sensitivity of the power supply and discrete input modules are researched first, and then, the effect of the key characteristics of voltage sag, namely, magnitude, duration, points-on-wave of sag initiation, odd harmonics, multiple sags, and continuous sags, is tested. The uncertain area of the PLC sag tolerance is identified after intensively processing the extensive experimental data and curve fitting. A more accurate sag influence assessment for PLCs can be made with the given curves compared to the early curves. Furthermore, experiments have revealed that certain PLCs may work in an uncertain status during voltage sags. The reason and the method of elimination with the proper choice of dc bus capacitance for PLCs are also analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of the multi-agent systems technology for shop-floor control has generated great expectations among professionals and researchers in the last decade. The use of this technology conveys, by the definition of the agents, reactive systems (able to respond to changes), proactive systems (their behavior is oriented towards the achievement of predefined objectives), autonomy, and social skills (consensual decision making), causing the emergence of many initiatives. Unfortunately, most references on this field are mainly concerned with: the definition of agents, statements of intent, simulations or rather ambitious proposals; which prevents industry from adopting this technology. This paper presents an approach to implement the agents in charge of the shop floor control, known as physical agents or holons, on a test bench that represent the installations of an automated distributed center. The concept of holon has been adapted to keep the decision making in the industrial controller. The work is focused on reach an intelligent decision making at the shop floor. For what, two kind of agents have been defined, and the decision makings at shop floor have been modelled by means of Petri Nets. Finally, models have been implemented over programmable logic controllers.

The development of polymer-liposome complexes (PLCs), in particular for biomedical applications, has grown significantly in the last decades. The importance of these studies comes from the emerging need in finding intelligent controlled release systems, more predictable, effective and selective, for applications in several areas, such as treatment and/or diagnosis of cancer, neurological, dermatological, ophthalmic and orthopedic diseases, gene therapy, cosmetic treatments, and food engineering. This work reports the development and characterization of a pH sensitive system for controlled release based on PLCs. The selected hydrophilic polymer was poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with a cholesterol (CHO) end-group to improve the anchoring of the polymer into the lipid bilayer. The polymer was incorporated into liposomes formulated from soybean lecithin and stearylamine, with different stearylamine/phospholipid and polymer/phospholipid ratios (5, 10 and 20%). The developed PLCs were characterized in terms of particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential, release profiles, and encapsulation efficiency. Cell viability studies were performed to assess the cytotoxic potential of PLCs. The results showed that the liposomal formulation with 5% of stearylamine and 10% of polymer positively contribute to the stabilization of the complexes. Afterwards, the carboxylic acid groups of the polymer present at the surface of the liposomes were crosslinked and the same parameters analyzed. The crosslinked complexes showed to be more stable at physiologic conditions. In addition, the release profiles at different pHs (2–12) revealed that the obtained complexes released all their content at acidic conditions. In summary, the main accomplishments of this work are: (i) innovative synthesis of cholesterol-poly(acrylic acid) (CHO‐PAA) by ATRP; (ii) stabilization of the liposomal formulation by incorporation of stearylamine and CHO-PAA; (iii) new approach for CHO-PAA crosslinking, resulting in more stable PLCs at physiological conditions; (iv) destabilization of PLCs upon slight changes of pH, showing their pH sensitivity; and (v) the PLCs do not exhibit cellular toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Technical Transactions / Czasopismo Techniczne is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Automation is an essential part of producing drinking water in the necessary quantities at the right time with high levels of efficiency in water production, energy and chemical materials consumption. The primary objective of this paper is to propose strategies for controlling the sucking pumps operation system to supply the Bait-Elmal area in Khartoum State. The proposed system works as follows: Pumps are placed on a floating lunch joined to Shambat Bridge. Then, the operating system of these pumps is controlled by Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) to suck water from the Blue Nile River. The Reservoir water level is controlled by programming the working and standby pumps using level sensors installed inside the water reservoir. Practically, a control system has been applied to control the pumps' operation system. The water level in the reservoir is monitored and controlled by using two (high and low) level sensors connected to the sucking water pumps via PLCs. In summary, a complete control system has been successfully tested, where the sucking pumps are installed to supply the Bait-Elmal water plant from the Blue Nile. The results obtained prove the reliability and applicability of the system with more advantages in this area or any similar drinking water plant. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Stuxnet malware attack has provided strong evidence for the development of a forensic capability to aid in thorough post-incident investigations. Current live forensic tools are typically used to acquire and examine memory from computers running either Windows or Unix. This makes them incompatible with embedded devices found on SCADA systems that have their own bespoke operating system. Currently, only a limited number of forensics tools have been developed for SCADA systems, with no development of tools to acquire the program code from PLCs. In this paper, we explore this problem with two main hypotheses in mind. Our first hypothesis was that the program code is an important forensic artefact that can be used to determine an attacker's intentions. Our second hypothesis was that PLC debugging tools can be used for forensics to facilitate the acquisition and analysis of the program code from PLCs. With direct access to the memory addresses of the PLC, PLC debugging tools have promising functionalities as a forensic tool, such as the "Snapshot" function that allows users to directly take values from the memory addresses of the PLC, without vendor specific software. As a case example we will focus on PLC Logger as a forensic tool to acquire and analyse the program code on a PLC. Using these two hypotheses we developed two experiments. The results from Experiment 1 provided evidence to indicate that it is possible to acquire the program code using PLC Logger and to identify the attacker's intention, therefore our hypothesis was accepted. In Experiment 2, we used an existing Computer Forensics Tool Testing (CFTT) framework by NIST to test PLC Logger's suitability as a forensic tool to analyse and acquire the program code. Based on the experiment's results, this hypothesis was rejected as PLC Logger had failed half of the tests. This suggests that PLC Logger in its current state has limited suitability as a forensic tool, unless the shortcomings are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professional learning communities (PLCs) have gained considerable attention in education. However, PLCs are dependent on how group members collectively work and learn towards shared goals on improving teaching and learning. This would require leadership to support meaningful and productive interactions within PLC contexts, and hence, the importance of teacher leaders. In this article, we report on an ethnographic case study involving three PLCs investigating how teacher leadership supports PLC conversations using an intervention framework provided by the research team. The findings showed that teacher leadership has potential in supporting PLC conversations along three dimensions of its construct. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The physicochemical characterization of polymer liposome complexes (PLCs) prepared with lipids of lactic acid bacteria and poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) covalently bound to cholesterol (CHO-PDMAEMA) was carried out in an integrated approach, including their stability upon preservation and incorporation into eukaryotic cells. PLCs were prepared with different polymer:lipid molar ratios (0, 0.05 and 0.10). Zeta potential, particle size distribution and polydispersity index were determined. The optimal polymer:lipid ratio and the stability of both bare liposomes and PLCs were evaluated at 37 °C and at different pHs, as well as after storage at 4 °C, −80 °C and freeze-drying in the presence or absence of trehalose 250 mM. Internalization of PLCs by eukaryotic cells was assessed to give a complete picture of the system. Incorporation of CHO-PDMAEMA onto bacterial lipids (ratio 0.05 and 0.10) led to stabilization at 37 °C and pH 7. A slight decrease of pH led to their strong destabilization. Bacteria PLCs showed to be more stable than lecithin (LEC) PLCs (used for comparison) upon preservation at 4 and −80 °C. The harmful nature of the preservation processes led to a strong decrease in the stability of PLCs, bacterial formulations being more stable than LEC PLCs. The addition of trehalose to the suspension of liposomes stabilized LEC PLC and did not have effect on bacterial PLCs. In vitro studies on Raw 264.7 and Caco-2/TC7 cells demonstrated an efficient incorporation of PLCs into the cells. Preparations with higher stability were the ones that showed a better cell-uptake. The nature of the lipid composition is determinant for the stability of PLCs. Lipids from lactic acid bacteria are composed of glycolipids and phospholipids like cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol. The presence of negatively charged lipids strongly improves the interaction with the positively charged CHO-PDMAEMA, thus stabilizing liposomes. In addition, glycolipids and phosphatidylglycerol act as intrinsic protectants of PLCs upon preservation. This particular lipid composition of lactic acid bacteria makes them natural formulations potentially useful as drug delivery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are hard real-time embedded systems designed to interact with (through sensors and actuators) and control physical processes in pharmaceutical, manufacturing, energy, and automotive industries. PLCs are the fundamental building blocks in modern industrial automation systems; they are designed to operate in extreme, harsh environments for decades without interruption. This letter presents and evaluates a novel, scalable hardware/software architecture for multi/many-core PLCs capable of pipelining the “sensing-executing-actuating” stages of a control system and thus reducing the scan cycle time (SCT) and maintaining a high-throughput communication (HTC). SCT and HTC are two of the most important key performance indicators (KPIs) in industrial control systems because they determine the accuracy of the control algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A themed project based on the control of a quadruple tank rig using PLCs has been successfully carried out as part of the MSc in Advanced Control and Systems Engineering at the University of Manchester. The themed project involves ten students who address a single multivariable control challenge under the supervision of two academics and four PhD students. As every student is required to write their own MSc dissertation, the key point is the possibility of using different control techniques to be implemented on different hardware platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: The power line communications (PLCs) can count on existing electrical connections reaching each corner in the locations where such applications are required, so signal transmission over power lines is nowadays gaining more and more interest for applications like internet. The research of characteristics of the low voltage power line is the fundamental and importance task. This work presents a device to test the characteristics of the low voltage power line. The low voltage power line channel characteristics overground and the channel characteristics underground were tested in using this device. Experiments show that, the characteristics are different between the PLCs channel underground coal mine and the PLC channel overground. Different technology should be adopted to structure the PLCs channel model underground coal mine and transmit high speed digital signal. But how to use the technology better to the high-speed digital communication under coal mine is worth of further studying. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Large input voltage range and wide output current range are usually needed for dc-dc converters. For these input and output conditions, the converter's efficiency can be maximized by a proposed method, efficiency-optimized switching-frequency (EOF) control. The optimal switching frequency for maximizing the efficiency is generated by the low-complexity and low-power EOF generator. A reconfigurable compensator is developed for improving the load regulation and the transient response. A piecewise-linear current sensor (PLCS) is employed to reduce controller power loss without sacrificing the sensing accuracy. With the aforementioned three proposed methods, a monolithic current-mode dc-dc buck converter is implemented in a 0.35-μm 3.3-V CMOS process. The measured power-loss reductions and efficiency improvements achieve 16 and 15 mW, and 16% and 1%, both in light and heavy loads, respectively. The load regulation and the transient recovery time are improved by 40 mV and 12 μs, respectively, while the PLCS can reduce 3 mW of power loss. Compared with other published converters in 0.35-μm CMOS process, the implemented converter achieves a higher efficiency of 96.3% and smaller chip area of 0.97 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a practical communications course focused on the CANopen field bus. The learning platform is composed by four nodes with real industrial devices, common in automation applications. The course has been put into practice by the CITCEA-UPC in collaboration with Schneider Electric Spain. The course is devised both for university students and industry professionals. The problem proposed to the students is the configuration of a CANopen bus and the automation of a machine movement sequence. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 377-384, 2011 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Education / Revue Canadienne de l'Éducation is the property of Canadian Society for the Study of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Genetic mutations leading to the development of various diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, can be attributed to multiple mechanisms and exposure to diverse environments. These disorders further increase gene mutation rates and affect the activity of translated proteins, both phenomena associated with cellular responses. Therefore, maintaining the integrity of genetic and epigenetic information is critical for disease suppression and prevention. With the advent of genome sequencing technologies, large-scale genomic data-based machine learning tools, including deep learning, have been used to predict and identify somatic inactivation or negative dominant expression of target genes in various diseases. Although deep learning studies have recently been highlighted for their ability to distinguish between the genetic information of diseases, conventional wisdom is also necessary to explain the correlation between genotype and phenotype. Herein, we summarize the current understanding of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C isozymes (PLCs) and an overview of their associations with genetic variation, as well as their emerging roles in several diseases. We also predicted and discussed new findings of cryptic PLC splice variants by deep learning and the clinical implications of the PLC genetic variations predicted using these tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrate signaling integrates and coordinates the expression of a wide range of genes, metabolic pathways and ultimately, plant growth and development. Calcium signaling is proved to be involved in the primary nitrate response pathway. However, it is much less understood how calcium signaling mediates nitrate sensing and responses from the extracellular space to cytoplasm, then to the nucleus. In this review, we describe how transceptor-channel complex (cyclic nucleotide-gated channel protein 15 interacting with nitrate transceptor, CNGC15-NRT1.1), calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs, CBL1, CBL9), CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs), phospholipase C (PLC) and calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs, also CPKs), acting as key players, complete a potential backbone of the nitrate-signaling pathway, from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. NRT1.1 together with CBL1/9-CIPK23 and CBL-CIPK8 links the NO 3 - responses. PLCs and inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate (IP3) connect NO 3 - responses. PLCs and inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate (IP3) connect NO 3 - signaling and cytoplasmic Ca 2+ signature. CPK10/30/32 fill the gap between NRT1.1 and NIN-like protein (NLP) transcription factors. The arabidopsis nitrate regulated1 (ANR1) is induced from the endosome by the Ca 2+ -CPKs-NLPs signaling pathway activated by the unphosphorylated form of NRT1.1 (NRT1.1 T101A ) at high nitrate condition. Understanding how calcium signaling interconnects the upstream nitrate sensor complex with downstream multiple sensors of the nitrate-signaling pathway is key to completing the nutrient-growth regulatory networks.