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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria is the property of Agrosavia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. The use of traditional medicine in the Andean population is a practice rooted in their ancestral culture and has great importance in their lifestyle. These communities have developed a high level of knowledge about the healing properties of plants and other natural resources. Objective. To carry out an ethnobiological study on the use of plants and animals in traditional medicine to combat the respiratory syndrome of COVID-19 in the Andean population of Ubinas. Materials and Methods. It is an ethnographic investigation, information was collected through open interviews with 100 residents of the area, field observations and documentary consultation of the species were also carried out. Results. 58 plants were identified, of which 38 are wild and 20 are domestic. Of the wild ones, 16 are native to the area, 12 have been imported. Of the domestic plants, 2 are native and 18 imported from other places. There are 10 wild plants that are not registered in the different databases (they only have local names). 7 species of animals were also identified, whose parts are used to prepare hot soups. Conclusions. To deal with covid-19 and other related diseases, the inhabitant's resort to treatments with infusion preparations, macerates and plasters. These preparations are based on flora and fauna, with the most widely used wild plants being sasahui (35 %), muña (31 %) and matico (23 %), among the domestic one's eucalyptus (61 %), kion (35 %), garlic (33 %) and lemon (30 %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The phytocompounds of curcumin, epicatechin-gallate, luteolin-7-glucoside, and zingerol extracted from Garlic, Turmeric/Curcuma, Green tea, Welsh onion/Leek, and Ginger, respectively, were studied in this paper. Therefore, the purpose of this research is evaluating the effective physicochemical properties of these herbal products to to fight against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Materials and Methods: The properties of these phytocompounds including dipole moment, thermochemistry, chemical shielding tensors, charge density, electrostatic potential and electron donating and electron accepting through frontier orbitals have been computed due to density functional theory (DFT) and m062x/cc-pvdz pseudo=CEP method towards the drug delivery system. Results and Discussion: Thermochemical properties have evaluated the combined group contribution and atom connectivity index with uncertainties in the estimated property values. The minimum Gibbs free energy of -1014.602×10³ and -990.992×10³ kcal·mol-1 for luteolin-7-glucoside and epicatechin-gallate, respectively, has been calculated versus dipole moment, which can indicate the most stability of these structures as natural antiviral medications. In fact, it can be established how phytocompounds of allicin, curcumin, epicatechin-gallate, luteolin-7-glucoside, and zingerol extracted from Garlic, Turmeric/Curcuma, Green tea, Welsh onion/Leek, and Ginger, respectively, may act as the efficient antiviral of Coronavirus disease receptor. The NMR analysis has demonstrated the critical points of the principal components of medicinal plants for binding to the active site of TMH (Tyr160-Met-161-Hi162) COVID-19, while each active atom of O or N as the electronegative atoms for binding to the H remarks the maximal shift in all steps in the NMR spectrum. Moreover, UV--VIS spectra reported a positive induction of antioxidant compounds, such as polyphenols and flavonoids. Conclusions: Thus, these natural drugs may be either a new or safe treatment or even are employed as antiviral nutraceuticals in elevating immunity and producing endurance to virus infectionsm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La quina (Cinchona pubescens) es una especie de importancia medicinal a nivel mundial, debido a su contenido de quinina, alcaloide utilizado en el tratamiento de la malaria; por lo que optimizar un paquete de quina en manejo silvícola y en invernadero con bioestimulantes orgánicos, podría representar una alternativa promisoria para su reproducción masiva. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el comportamiento vegetativo de quina (Cinchona pubescens) con la aplicación de cuatro bioestimulantes orgánicos en invernadero, donde se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con Big-Hor, Incentive, Agrostemin®-GL, biol nutritivo y un control; con tres repeticiones y 16 plantas por unidad experimental. Para el experimento, las plántulas de 1 cm de tamaño fueron obtenidas posgerminación en microtúneles y trasplantadas a un sustrato combinado de tierra agrícola y arena en proporción 2:1 (v/v). La fertilización foliar fue fraccionada en tres partes, para aplicaciones a los 15, 75 y 90 días después del repicado. En el estudio se reportó que Agrostemin®-GL tuvo influencia positiva en el tamaño de la planta (11,11 cm), el diámetro de tallo (3,21 mm), la materia seca foliar (0,43 g) y el área foliar (54,16 cm2); mientras que el biol nutritivo solamente influenció en el tamaño radicular (19,44 cm) y la biomasa seca radicular (0,14 g). Se concluye que el Agrostemin®-GL y el biol nutritivo mostraron una mayor eficiencia en el crecimiento y la ganancia de biomasa total de plantas de C. pubescens, sugiriendo utilizarlos como alternativa ecológica y promisoria para obtener plantones de quina vigorosos en invernadero.

No Paraguai, as espécies medicinais são utilizadas como preventivas ou mesmo, como curativas; elas podem tratar diferentes doenças, sendo as mais frequentes as afecções digestivas, respiratórias e crônicas. Neste contexto, encontram-se as espécies conhecidas como “jaguareteka’a” Baccharis crispa e B. trimera, que são usadas com fins medicinais no Paraguai. O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar estas duas espécies através das descrições exo e endomorfológicas como aporte para a sua correta identificação. Para isso, foram feitas colheitas das espécies, do Jardim de aclimatação da Faculdade de Ciências Químicas da Universidade Nacional de Asunción, Paraguai. As mesmas foram processadas no departamento de botânica, para os estudos morfológicos e anatômicos dos caules alados de ambas espécies e elaborou-se umquadro comparativo destescarateres. Destacam-se comoprincipaiscarateres da diferenciação os seguintes: um maior desenvolvimento da região vascular no caule da B. crispa, em relação a B. trimera; por outro lado, naveia marginal de B. trimera pode-se observar uma cavidade secretora, enquanto que a veia marginal da B. crispa nãoa presenta nenhuma. Além disso, as duas espécies apresentam carateres comuns, como tricomas glandulares e aglandulares do tipo ninho. Desta maneira, determinaram-se os carateres exo e endomorfologicos dos caules alados das duas espécies estudadas, com o fim de contribuir com a identificação das espécies vegetais usadas com fins medicinais no Paraguai.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Debido a la presencia de propiedades medicinales, las comunidades peruanas usan indiscriminada-mente la corteza de muchas especies de “árbol de la quina” (Cinchona, Ladenbergia y Remijia; Rubia-ceae) para combatir enfermedades infecciosas, paludismo e incluso el Covid-19. Esta situación hace importante el desarrollo de investigaciones que contribuyan con la propagación masiva de estas plantas y la reforestación de sus hábitats. Ante ello se propuso como objetivo de investigación estudiar el fruto, semilla y germinación deLadenbergia oblongifolia para contar con recursos eficientes para su cultivo y propagación. El material biológico procedió del distrito de Aramango (Amazonas, Perú), el cual fue transportado al Herbarium Truxillense para su determinación y posterior caracterización del fruto, semilla y ensayos de germinación. Con base en los resultados se determinó que los frutos presentan una longitud de 5,75 cm, ancho de 0,74 cm, peso de 1,14 gr y 71 semillas como promedio. Las semillas tienen 1,01 cm de largo, 0,72 cm de ancho, 0,072 ́ 10-2 gr de peso promedio y una germinación del 83,3 %. Por tanto, se concluye que el estudio de fruto, semilla y germinación de Ladenbergia oblongifolia permite diferenciar a esta especie con otras del género Cinchona y Remijia; constituyéndose estos hallazgos en una información primordial y fundamental, tanto para su esclarecimiento taxonómico, como para un adecuado manejo agronómico. Este estudio incentiva la puesta en práctica de diversos programas de conservación y reforestación tendientes a fomentar la sostenibilidad de esta especie.

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El consumo de plantas medicinales en nuestro país es una tradición, por ello la importancia de ir incrementando los conocimientos en la morfoanatomía de las especies medicinales, para lograr la correcta identificación y el control de calidad de las mismas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer parámetros morfoanatómicos de diagnóstico, para la correcta identificación y control de calidad del “typycha h?”, Sida rhombifolia L. (Malvaceae), utilizada como digestiva en la medicina popular paraguaya. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal; las muestras fueron recolectadas del Jardín de Aclimatación de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay. Como resultado se determinaron los siguientes caracteres diagnóstico: hoja anfiestomática, de tipo anisocítico y anomocítico; cuatro tipos de pelos: pelos estrellados unicelulares y pelos glandulares con pie y cabeza globosa unicelular, pelo glandular globoso pluricelular biseriado sésil, y pelo glandular pluricelular de base globosa y alargada en el ápice; mesófilo dorsiventral, colénquima de tipo angular y presencia de cristales de oxalato de calcio en forma de drusas. Se determinaron los caracteres morfoanatómicos de la muestra, para la correcta identificación y control de calidad de esta droga vegetal.

Copyright of Caldasia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: verificar a toxicidade aguda de extrato etanólico bruto das partes aéreas desta espécie vegetal frente a Artemia salina. Métodos: O extrato das partes aéreas da Lippia microphylla, nas concentrações de 1,0, 10,0, 100,0 e 1000,0 μg/mL, foi utilizado nos ensaios de toxicidade aguda utilizando o microcrustáceo Artemia salina (n = 10), incubados por um período de 24 e 48 horas, realizados em triplicata. O número de náuplios mortos foram quantificados e a CL50 foram calculadas por regressão não-linear. Resultados: O extrato da Lippia microphylla durante incubação por 24hs promoveu toxicidade (p < 0,05) apenas na maior concentração do extrato (1000 μg/mL). Já na exposição por 48h, mostrou CL50 de 246,7 ± 27,85 μg/mL, apresentando toxicidade moderada. Conclusão: As folhas de Lippia microphylla possuem princípios ativos, os quais, provavelmente, não conseguem ser totalmente eliminados pelo metabolismo da A. salina durante 48hs, causando-lhes toxicidade moderada.

The main objective is to evaluate the ethnobotanical potential of forest species taking into consideration medicinal species. It is an innovative project, which applies a descriptive methodology, developed in situ, aimed at solving practical problems. The study reflects that 60% of the respondents are women, who are the ones who have the knowledge of the number of medicinal species and their ages range from 48 to 83 years. In addition to this, 30 forest and ruderal species were identified, after which guidelines were established for the conservation of these species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the knowledge about the traditional use of Bacopa procumbens that is preserved by the inhabitants of the municipality of Huasca de Ocampo, Hidalgo, Mexico. Methodology: The study was based on a structured interview with 26 informants, using a convenience sample. Descriptive analysis was performed by means of frequencies and a multivariate analysis of multiple correspondences. Results: The traditional knowledge of this plant is found in housewives, with an average age of 40 - 50 years old, this knowledge was transmitted by relatives, the traditional use for this species is to reduce or relieve stomach pain, heal wounds, to relieve toothache, calm kidney pain, eliminate swelling and fever. The plant is collected in the field, only in the amount that will be used, which can help in part to conserve the resource, although overexploitation should be prevented. Limitations: There are few people who know the plant. Conclusions: The traditional knowledge of the plant is focused on women, housewives, it is used by boiling it, mainly for stomach pain, and other health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure and histochemistry of the floral nectary of Bauhinia monandra Kurz (Fabaceae) were investigated. Besides possessing medicinal properties, this tree is also used in the recovery of degraded areas and urban arborization. Nectaries samples were obtained from newly bloomed flowers. The nectary was located on the tubular hypanthium. This tube was partially coated by a nectary epidermis, whose cells had secretory features such as a relatively large nucleus, a dense cytoplasm, and small vacuoles. Subjacent to the nectary epidermis, there was a nectary parenchyma with eight to fifteen layers of cells which also have secretory features. Both the nectary epidermis and nectary parenchyma possessed starch grains. Subjacent to the nectary parenchyma passed collateral to amphicribral concentric vascular bundles constituted by more phloem than xylem. Although these vascular bundles did not emit terminations directed to the nectary parenchyma, the arrangement of the latter about the former suggests the supply of nectar precursors by the vascularisation. In the basal region of the hypanthium tube occurred modified stomata which were probably the main route of nectar release; and tector trichomes, possibly involved in the nectar retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Research in the Tropics / Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical is the property of Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The puruí Alibertia edulis (Rich.) A. Rich. (Rubiaceae) is a naturally occurring species in the Cerrado biome in Brazil; its fruits serve as food for the local fauna (birds and mammals) and humans. Here, we report on a beetle feeding on the fruits of A. edulis in the Cerrado of Minas Gerais (MG). Monthly collections were carried out in four A. edulis trees in two areas of Cerradão in the vicinity of the municipality of Monte Carmelo, MG, between September and October 2018. These were a legal reserve area of Fazenda Juliana (ARL; Juliana Farm; 18°42'30 "S and 47°33'05 "W) and an area at the Atalho Community (ACA; 18°41'39 "S and 47°34'49 "W). Fruits with or without attack symptoms were collected from the treetop in the four cardinal directions. A total of 100 fruits (50 from each area) were collected from the trees and packed into plastic bags. The fruits were then transported to the laboratory, stored in plastic containers isolated with voile fabric, and checked daily for the emergence of adult insects. After emergence, the insects were identified. During the evaluation period, 33 beetles emerged in puruí fruits from ARL and 13 from ACA. The species has been identified as Eubulus (Kirsch) sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The animals consumed the entire fruit endocarp, leaving it with emergence orifices caused by the adult emergence. It is concluded that Eubulus sp. feeds on the pulp of A. edulis and is able to compete for this resource with other animal species.

Copyright of Medicina Naturista is the property of Sociedad Europea de Medicina Naturista Clasica (Seccion Espanola) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Some medicinal plants can stimulate growth in poultry. Objective: To compare the effects of dietary addition of virginiamycin antibiotic and galbanum plant (Ferula gummosa) on the performance, carcass characteristics, immune system, and blood factors of broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 250 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to five treatments with five replicates (10 birds per replicate). The treatments were: control (basal diet), virginiamycin (basal diet plus 0.1 g virginiamycin/kg of diet) or one of three levels of galbanum powder (2.5, 5, and 10 g galbanum/kg of diet). Results: Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio improved in the groups containing galbanum compared to the other groups (p<0.05). The percentage of liver, heart and abdominal fat decreased in the treatments containing 5 and 10 g galbanum compared to the control (p<0.05). Spleen weight and antibody titers against Newcastle disease and SRBC were significantly increased in the treatment containing 10 g of galbanum compared to the other treatments (p<0.05). The addition of galbanum powder resulted in a significant decrease in serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and LDL (p<0.05). Additionally, galbanum increased serum total protein, albumin, globulin, and HDL (p<0.05). Conclusion: Galbanum improves performance and the immune system of broiler chickens, and has similar growth promoting effects as virginiamycin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The almond tree (Terminalia catappa L.) in Panama is for timber, nutritional, and medicinal use, among others. Little is known about the secondary compounds present in the different parts of this plant species. This work aimed to carry out the phytochemical characterization of the green leaf (GL), green fruit (GF) and ripe fruit (RF) of the almond tree. The sampling was carried out between May to June 2017. The GL, GF and RF of the almond tree were placed separately, in direct extraction treatment with 95% ethanol for one day. The ethanolic extract was obtained by gravity filtration and concentrated in a vacuum rotary evaporator (BUCHI RotavaporTM R-210). Phytochemical screening was performed to determine the three main groups of secondary compounds (phenolics, nitrogenous and terpenes). An Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV) Spectroscopy analysis were performed to find out which functional groups were present. Past 4.02 program was used to generate a graph of relative abundance of the secondary compounds present, and Whittaker index was applied to evaluate the percentage of difference in the phytochemical composition of the plant's parts. With these data, it was able to identify if the semi-quantitative phytochemical characterization is variable for each part, with nitrogen compounds (alkaloids) and phenolic compounds (tannins, flavonoids) presenting greater abundance. No presence of cardiotonic glycosides was found, or gums and mucilage. This information indicates that T. catappa L. is a potential resource for health, being of great ethnobotanical, pharmacological value and for the food industry in Panama. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina Naturista is the property of Sociedad Europea de Medicina Naturista Clasica (Seccion Espanola) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El almendro (Terminalia catappa L.) en Panamá es de uso maderable, nutricional, medicinal, entre otros. Se sabe poco sobre los compuestos secundarios presentes en las diferentes partes de esta especie vegetal. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo realizar la caracterización fitoquímica de la hoja verde (HN), fruto verde (FV) y maduro (FM) del almendro. El muestreo se llevó a cabo entre los meses de mayo a junio del 2017. Se colocaron las HN, FV y FM del almendro por separado en tratamiento de extracción directa con etanol al 95% durante un día. El extracto etanólico fue obtenido por filtrado de gravedad y concentrado en un rotavapor al vacío (BUCHI Rotavapor™ R-210). Se realizó un tamizaje fitoquímico para determinar los tres principales grupos de compuestos secundarios (compuestos fenólicos, compuestos nitrogenados y terpenos). También se realizó un análisis de Espectroscopía Infrarroja (FTIR) y Espectroscopía Ultravioleta-Visible (UV) para saber cuáles eran los grupos funcionales presentes. Se utilizó Past 4.02 para generar una gráfica de abundancia relativa de los compuestos secundarios presentes, y se aplicó el índice de Whittaker para evaluar el porcentaje de diferencia en la composición fitoquímica de las diferentes partes vegetales. Con estos datos se logró identificar que la caracterización fitoquímica semicuantitativa es variable para cada parte, presentando mayor abundancia de compuestos nitrogenados (alcaloides) y compuestos fenólicos (taninos, flavonoides). No se observó presencia de glicósidos cardiotónicos, ni de gomas y mucilagos. Esta información resalta que T. catappa L. es un potencial recurso para la salud, siendo de gran valor etnobotánico, farmacológico y para la industria alimenticia en Panamá.

Introduction: The officinalis L Calendula fluid extract and tincture is usually used as mouthwash dissolved in water for the treatment of patients with aphthous recurrent stomatitis. Taking into account the inconveniences that generate these formulations a jelly at 1 % was elaborated with the active principles of the plant above mention. Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of the calendula jelly at 1% in patients with aphthous recurrent stomatitis. Methods: A therapeutic intervention in 30 patients with aphthous recurrent stomatitis, assisted in 30 de Noviembre Teaching Polyclinic was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, from March to December, 2019. The sample was divided in 2 groups: control and study that received conventional treatment and calendula jelly at 1%, respectively. Some variables of interest were taken into account, such as: age, sex, pain regression and scaring time, response to the treatment and therapeutic effectiveness. The percentage was used as summary measure and the chi-squared test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the 15 - 24 age group (33.3 %) and female sex (60.0 %). In the patients treated with the calendula jelly, pain regression and scaring of the ulcerative lesions were evidenced in the first 24 and 48 hours, respectively, and most of them had improved at 72 hours. Conclusions: The calendula jelly at 1% is effective as analgesic and healing in patients with aphthous recurrent stomatitis.

The guanandi is a species of Brazilian flora recognized by traditional populations for the use of leaves and bark as medicine. Currently, it is a strategic species for both medicine and the forestry sector with the production of quality wood in commercial plantations and agroforestry systems and for ecological restoration. The objective of this work was to determine the yield of herbaceous branches and bark obtained from juvenile guanandi trees cut at seven years of age in thinning in commercial planting in Lagoinha - SP. Three individuals were evaluated for biometry and production of fresh and dry matter of herbaceous branches and bark. The data were transformed to t/ha according to the thinning of 500 individuals. The guanandi contributed, on a fresh and dry basis, about 31.43 and 12.60 t/ha of herbaceous branches and 3.23 and 1.39 t/ha of bark. The use of these residues in the pharmaceutical industry can help to remunerate the producers in the management of the plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout history, the man-plant relationship and the cultural form have been a fundamental basis in the medicinal field. The ethnobotany of Geum peruvianum Focke (Rosaceae) "valeriana" existing in Bambamarca district, Bolivar province, La Libertad region, Peru (7º26´11.7" S and 77º41´53.0"W, ca. 3428 m) is presented. This species in turn is a new record for this Andean region in the north of the country. The ethnobotanical information was obtained according to the methodology, techniques and protocols with semi-structured interviews and through informal interviews with the inhabitants. The results indicate that the locals generally use the root for the medicinal purpose with dosage in oral form either in decocts or infusions, to treat stress, nervous breakdowns and insomnia with satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Research in the Tropics / Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical is the property of Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Amazon rainforest harbor the greatest biodiversity on the planet, and has in its flora, several species with medicinal potential, among them Copaifera langsdorffii Desf., used to treat various diseases such as antiasthma, tonsillits and eczema. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of Copaifera langsdorffii using Allium cepa test. The bulbs were organized in a factorial scheme (2 x 5 + 2), with two extracts (infused and decocted), obtained from stem bark and leaves of Copaifera langsdorffii, five concentrations: 0.002; 0.004; 0.008; 0.016 and 0.032 mg ml-1, and two controls distilled water and glyphosate at 1%. It was evaluated the growth of the root system (CSR), the mitotic index (MI), and frequency so chromosomal changes and abnormalities on cell cycle phases. The greatest reductions in CSR were found in the decocted extract of the stem bark, at the concentration of 0.016 mg mL -1, and the lowest values of MI were observed at the concentration 0.032mg mL-1 in both stem bark extracts. The concentration usually used in folk medicine showed aberrations in all evaluated aqueous extracts. The reduction of CSR and IM and the presence of aberrations in the tested organism, showed the toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of Copaifera langsdorffii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nóz da india, espécie Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd., é utilizada para emagrecimento, conhecida por atividade farmacêutica, sem estudos que relatem a composição bromatologica desta semente. Neste contexto, o objetivo foi apresentar a caracterização bromatológica dessas sementes, com e sem casca, disponibilizadas no mercado. Para isso, 200 sementes foram obtidas por sites comerciais, sendo 50% com casca (C/C) e 50% sem casca (S/C). Pesadas individualmente, secas em estufa, e moídas para a obtenção de um farelo. O óleo do farelo foi extraído em determinador goldfish. O farelo desengordurado foi caracterizado por métodos físico-químicos: Determinação do teor de umidade, proteínas, minerais, fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA). Não houve diferença estatística para os componentes bromatológicos das sementes avaliadas, exceto carboidratos, que foram maiores nas com casca (31,45g/100g) comparados a sem casca (19,91g/100g), embora os teores de FDN e FDA não diferiram. A variabilidade no peso foi semelhante (0,44g e 0,39g, com e sem casca, respectivamente). Os teores de gordura bruta máximo (68,4%) e mínimo (37,2%) encontrados nas sementes foram alto quando levado em considerações outras nozes. A proteína bruta média de ambas as sementes foi aproximadamente 14%. A quantidade de calorias apresentada em g por 100g do produto diferiu (P

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar o monitoramento fenológico de G. palustris ao longo dos meses de julho/2019 a junho/2020, e correlacionar com as variáveis meteorológicas na Serra Catarinense. Foram avaliadas a intensidade e sincronia das fenofases vegetativas e reprodutivas de 24 indivíduos em três áreas, localizadas em dois municípios de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Em G. palustris foi identificada a brotação contínua. Foi observada a presença de folhas maduras durante todo período e a senescência foliar apresentou intensidades variadas. A floração iniciou em dezembro estendendo até abril. As maiores porcentagens de botões florais presentes nas plantas ocorreram de janeiro a março/20 e a antese ocorreu de janeiro a maio, com maiores porcentagens em janeiro e março. Quanto à frutificação, foi observado o início com a presença de frutos imaturos em janeiro se estendendo até junho, mas o período de janeiro a março foi identificado com as maiores porcentagens de frutos imaturos nas plantas. A ocorrência de frutos maduros foi verificada nos meses de fevereiro a junho, sendo em fevereiro e março registradas as maiores porcentagens. Foi identificada a ausência de frutos senescentes somente nos meses de dezembro/2019 e janeiro/2020, e as maiores porcentagens ocorreram nos períodos de outono e inverno, coincidindo com a presença de folhas senescentes. Houve correlação entre temperatura e fotoperíodo para folhas maduras, desfolhamento e botões florais. A sincronia dos eventos fenológicos foi alta para aspectos vegetativos e baixa ou assíncrona para aspectos reprodutivos. Os padrões fenológicos da fenofase reprodutiva foram sazonais, ocorrendo no verão e outono (novembro a junho). Já a fenofase vegetativa ocorreu o ano todo, sendo que os maiores índices de brotação antecederam o período reprodutivo. Os resultados obtidos forneceram informações importantes acerca da fenologia desta espécie nesta região de ocorrência.

This study evaluated the influence of seasonality in essential oil (EO) chemical composition of Mentha x piperita L. and Mentha viridis L. grown in southeast of Brazil. Leaves were collected from November 2011 until August 2013, in the middle of the following seasons: Spring (November), Summer (February), Autumn (May) and Winter (August). EO extraction was carried out by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus for 1 hour. Chemical composition of EO was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The EO content and its chemical composition were influenced by seasonality in both species. The highest EO content was obtained for M. x piperita during spring (4.26%) and for M. viridis during spring (3.30%) and summer (3.70%). Mentha x piperita increased menthol (16.31 to 41.26%), neomenthol (3.02 to 6.39%) and menthone (5.56 to 41.58%) contents during spring and summer, respectively. Whereas, M. viridis EO content did not show a quality response pattern in relation to seasonality. Therefore, harvest time for M. x piperita is recommended during spring, and for M. viridis is recommended during spring and summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to carry out the phenological monitoring of G. palustris over the months of July/2019 to June/2020, and to correlate with the meteorological variables in the Serra Catarinense. The intensity and synchrony of the vegetative and reproductive phenophases of 24 individuals in three areas, located in two municipalities of Santa Catarina, Brazil, were evaluated. In G. palustris, continuous sprouting was identified. The presence of mature leaves was observed throughout the period and the leaf senescence showed varying intensities. Flowering started in December extending until April. The highest percentages of flower buds present on the plants occurred from January to March and anthesis occurred from January to May, with the highest percentages in January and March. As for fruiting, the beginning was observed with the presence of immature fruits in January extending until June, but the period from January to March was identified with the highest percentages of immature fruits in the plants. The occurrence of ripe fruits was verified from February to June, with the highest percentages being recorded in February and March. The absence of senescent fruits was identified only in the months of December/2019 and January/2020, and the highest percentages occurred in the autumn and winter periods, coinciding with the presence of senescent leaves. There was a correlation between temperature and photoperiod for mature leaves, defoliation and flower buds. The synchrony of the phenological events was high for vegetative aspects and low to asynchrony for reproductive aspects. The phenological patterns of reproductive phenophase were seasonal, occurring in the summer and autumn (November to June). The vegetative phenophase occurred throughout the year, with the highest budding rates preceding the reproductive period. The results obtained provided important information about the phenology of this species in this region of occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scire Salutis is the property of CBPC - Companhia Brasileira de Producao Cientifica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Climate change can cause imbalances in plants. Baccharis trimera is a specie usually found in harsh conditions and has medicinal and agricultural properties. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the biochemical and physiological responses of this plant under water restriction (WR) levels. B. trimera samples were identified and collected in Erechim/RS and propagated in a greenhouse. When acclimated, they were subjected to 0, 25, 75 and 100% WR, determined according to the water saturation in the soil by capillary action. After 30 days of treatment, the physiological responses: growth, and fresh and dry biomass; and the biochemical responses: activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GP) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes, proline, protein and hydrogen peroxide content, and lipid peroxidation, were determined. Data were submitted to regression analysis and Pearson correlation. The WR of 27.37%, on average, induced an increase in physiological parameters, but the root growth was impaired in conditions above 50% of WR. With the increase in WR there was an increase in the activity of SOD in the shoot and APX in the root. In low WR conditions, proline contents were maintained. Therefore, with low levels of WR, around 27%, B. trimera has increase in root growth and root and shoot biomass. Proline, and SOD and APX activity are a pathway that scavenging the stress generated by WR on B. trimera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contextualization: The species Hypericum perforatum is widely used as a treatment for several diseases, especially depression. This plant is not native to Brazil and, therefore, it is not planted in the country. Brazil has high rates of occurrence of depression, same as the whole Latin America, being considered a public health problem, so its cultivation is considered as a potential treatment tool. Knowledge gap: The cultivation of the species in the country is still inefficient, as the plant does not reach an adequate stage for fiowering. Thus, further studies regarding the vegetative growth and the establishment of H. perforatum are needed, as it can provide great economic and health autonomy by addressing a public interest, using a treatment with practically no side effects, reducing drug costs for the country. Purpose: Evaluate the effects of high dynamized dilutions and the infiuence of the seasons on vegetative growth and contents of bioactive compounds in Hypericum perforatum plants. Methodology: Experiments were performed in two seasons: Spring/Summer and Summer/Autumn. The experimental plot consisted of 12 plants and 4 repetitions, totaling 48 plants per treatment. Five treatments were used consisting of homeopathic preparations of Kali carbonicum, Natrum muriaticum, Phosphorus, and Silicea terra at 12CH, and distilled water as control. The height of the longest branch, the total number of branches, shoot dry weight, and a number of dark glands were evaluated, as well as the amounts of phenolic compounds. Results and conclusions: Homeopathic preparations affected H. perforatum plants differently over the cultivated seasons. In the Spring/Summer experiment, the Silicea terra treatment promoted higher plant growth than Phosphorus, but a similar rate to that of the other treatments. In the Summer/Autumn experiment, the homeopathies Kali carbonicum, Natrum muriaticum, and Phosphorus increased the vegetative growth in comparison to control. It was observed that in the experiment carried out in the Spring/Autumn, the plants of H. perforatum had difficulty in development. The formation of dark glands was not stimulated by the use of homeopathic preparations. The hypericin compound was not detected in any sample of H. perforatum leaves. This suggests the need for an extended cultivation time for the naphthodianthrone compound to accumulate in the dark glands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The officinalis L Calendula fluid extract and tincture is usually used as mouthwash dissolved in water for the treatment of patients with aphthous recurrent stomatitis. Taking into account the inconveniences that generate these formulations a jelly at 1 % was elaborated with the active principles of the plant above mention. Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of the calendula jelly at 1% in patients with aphthous recurrent stomatitis. Methods: A therapeutic intervention in 30 patients with aphthous recurrent stomatitis, assisted in 30 de Noviembre Teaching Polyclinic was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, from March to December, 2019. The sample was divided in 2 groups: control and study that received conventional treatment and calendula jelly at 1%, respectively. Some variables of interest were taken into account, such as: age, sex, pain regression and scaring time, response to the treatment and therapeutic effectiveness. The percentage was used as summary measure and the chi-squared test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the 15 - 24 age group (33.3 %) and female sex (60.0 %). In the patients treated with the calendula jelly, pain regression and scaring of the ulcerative lesions were evidenced in the first 24 and 48 hours, respectively, and most of them had improved at 72 hours. Conclusions: The calendula jelly at 1% is effective as analgesic and healing in patients with aphthous recurrent stomatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Azadirachta indica A. Juss, popularly known as neem, has been gaining ground in alternative herbal medicine. This plant offers a constant source of new and unique phytochemicals that are used in the development of new drugs. Aim: A preliminary chemical analysis was carried out to detect secondary metabolites present in the crude hydroethanolic extract of dried and macerated leaves of A. indica and to evaluate its antioxidant and toxic potential. Methodology: The chemical analysis, which was performed according to a procedure described in the literature, identified data positive for phenols, tannins, leucoanthocyanidins, catechins, flavones, flavonoids and xanthones, and the absence of anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, chalcones, aurones, flavonols and flavanones. Results: The quantitative test by the DPPH method, performed in an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, revealed moderate at the highest concentration of 250.0 µg.mL-1. An investigation of the toxicity potential of the crude extract against larvae of Artemia salina Leach, indicated LC50 = 596.7 µg.mL-1, placing it within the range of moderate toxicity when compared to data in the literature. Conclusion: These studies therefore indicate that crude hydroethanolic extract of A. indica leaves contains substances with medicinal properties and that it is safe for therapeutic purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants are an important therapeutic option for a large share of the world's population. To establish an in vitro culture system for the production of secondary metabolites from Hovenia dulcis, we studied the effect of auxins, cytokinins, absence of light, and silver nitrate on the development of friable callus. Callus cultures were established for the first time and used to obtain cell suspension cultures. Supplementation with KIN (Kinetin) produced calli with both compact and friable areas, while the addition of TDZ (Thidiazuron) only produced compact callus. The maintenance of cultures in the dark induced a slight enhancement on friability when the auxin PIC (Picloram) was present in the culture medium. The addition of silver nitrate promoted the formation of friable calli. Dry weight analysis showed no significant differences in biomass growth, and, therefore, 2.0 mg.L-1 was considered the most suitable treatment. The presence of silver nitrate was not required for the establishment of cell suspension cultures. Dry weight analysis of cell suspensions showed higher biomass production in the absence of silver nitrate. PIC promoted 100% of cell suspension culture formation in the absence of silver nitrate, and higher biomass production was observed with the lowest concentration (0.625 mg.L-1). No morphological differences were observed among the different concentrations of PIC. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, flavonols and catechins in the extracts obtained from H. dulcis calli. These results show that the cell cultures herein established are potential sources for the production of H. dulcis secondary metabolites of medicinal interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cephalanthus glabratus is an imperfectly known species of the family Rubiaceae. It is a medicinal plant widely used by the locals in its area of distribution, however until now it has received little attention from the scientific community, which is evidenced in the few articles treating the species. The species is a much-branched shrub, with whorled leaves, glomeriform inflorescences, schizocarpic fruits with 1-seeded mericarps, and seeds with a large spongy strophiole. It grows only in the vegetation of the lowlands and is always related to the basins of the main rivers of the region, Paraguay, Paraná, Uruguay and Río de la Plata, and therefore is strongly threatened by the human activities along them (hydroelectric dams, deforestation, advances of urban areas, reduction of the wetlands, etc.). Following IUCN guidelines and all available distributional data, we rated it NT (Near Threatened). Despite the fact that the genus was taxonomically revised, the nomenclatural type of Cephalanthus glabratus was not correctly clarified, so we have done so here. A detailed description, ecological and distributional data are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A maconha é uma planta utilizada desde a Antiguidade com finalidade medicinal, atuando clinicamente como sedativo, analgésico e antiemético. O principal efeito colateral é a perturbação do sistema nervoso central, causando euforia e alucinações, levando a movimentação popular em favor da proibição, apesar de ser menos viciante e perigoso que etanol e derivados opioides. Em 1964, foi isolado o ?9-tetrahidrocanabinol, principal psicoativo da maconha, levando a hipótese de que seu mecanismo de ação seria semelhante aos anestésicos gerais. Em 1988, foi descoberto os receptores canabinoides, dando inicio a exploração de seu sistema endógeno. Em 1992, a descoberta do primeiro mediador endógeno, denominado anandamida. Em 1994, é lançado o primeiro medicamento atuante no sistema de endocanabinoides, denominado rimonabanto, com a finalidade de inibir o apetite e tratar a obesidade. Em 2008, o rimonabanto é retirado do mercado por induzir a depressão e ansiedade e dispor de relação com a ocorrência de suicídio. Em 2019, a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária regulamentou os requisitos de fabricação, dispensação e receituário com a RDC 327/19. Atualmente, o sistema de canabinoides possui maior conhecimento e é possível estabelecer diversas aplicações clínicas, por exemplo, atuando na atenuação dos sintomas motores da Doença de Parkinson, na dor neuropática ou inflamatória, diminuição da pressão intraocular no glaucoma e como antiemetico durante a quimioterapia. O presente trabalho visa revisar os aspectos históricos da maconha no Brasil e o trajeto das descobertas de seus derivados, assim como a biossíntese e sinalização endocanabinoide e as aplicações clínicas em uma abordagem farmacológica.

El nurité, Satureja macrostema, tiene gran importancia en la medicina tradicional mexicana. El presente trabajo evaluó el crecimiento y contenido de compuestos volátiles en la parte aérea de esta especie. El efecto de la fertilización mineral N – P - K se analizó en plantas micropropagadas (clones), cultivadas por 90 días en invernadero. Se aplicaron tres niveles de N – P – K mensualmente, de la siguiente manera: T2: 10 – 10 - 10; T3: 17 – 17 - 17 y T4: 20 – 20 – 20, además de un tratamiento testigo, T1: 1 g kg-1 de sustrato. Las plantas del T4 tuvieron el mayor tamaño, con 50.33 cm de altura, 227.1 hojas por individuo, 9.52 cm2 de área foliar y 24.94 g de peso fresco (4.72 g de peso seco). Los volátiles fueron examinados por cromatografía de gases y espectrometría de masas. Se registraron con más abundancia: pulegona, limoneno, linalol, mentona y verbenona. Se determinaron cantidades superiores a las del testigo conforme fueron más altas las concentraciones de fertilizante; así, se extrajeron para el T4: 45.95 μg g-1 de pulegona, 2.17 μg g-1de limoneno, 10.79 μg g-1de linalol y 3.06 μg g-1de mentona, excepto la verbenona que fue más cuantiosa en el T1. La fertilización con T4 resultó positiva, tanto para el crecimiento de la planta, como para la abundancia de volátiles, en comparación con las plantas no fertilizadas.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)