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Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) is one of the important forest species dispersed in the northwest of Iran. It is one of the important spice in Iran and the Middle East because of active components containing organic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins and terpenoids. This study aimed to investigate population structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD) extent within Rhus coriaria L. genotypes using ISSR markers and identify molecular markers associated with phytochemical traits using association analysis. In the molecular part of the experiment, the genetic diversity of 75 sumac genotypes from five different areas of northwest Iran was assessed by 18 ISSR primers. In the phenotypic assessment, the fruits of the sumac genotypes were analyzed using HPLC‐LC/MSMS for determining phytochemical components including maleic acid, ellagic acid, maleic acid hexoside, gallic acid, coumaric acid, quercetin, caftaric acid, and linoleic acid. The phenotypic data analysis revealed the great phenotypic diversity among and within Iranian sumac populations for the studied phytochemical traits. The studied sumac genotypes were divided into two subpopulations based on molecular marker‐based structure analysis. A significant level of LD was observed in 11.64% of the ISSR marker pairs (p <.05). The mixed linear model procedure showed that 12 loci had a significant association with investigated traits. The ISSR loci identified in this study can be potentially used in marker‐assisted selection in sumac breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to investigate Phytochemical componenet and antibacterial prosperities of six essential oil, against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, for a potential use in food industry. Antibacterial activity (MIC & MBC) of the EOs was investigated on foodborne pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus,Listeria monocytogenes,Escherichia coliandSalmonella typhimurium) at different temperature and pH values. Results of GC-MS analysis indicated that pulegone, cumin aldehyde, carvacrol, diallyl disulphide and benzene comprised the highest amount of EOs inMentha LongifoliaL.,Cuminum cyminumL.,Zataria MultifloraBioss.,Allium ascalonicumL.andPimpinella anisumL.; respectively. Z. MultifloraBioss. Essential oil compared to other essential oils had the highest antimicrobial activity (P<0.05). The most antibacterial activity of EOs was seen at 8°C and 6 pH. The most susceptible and resistant bacteria wereS. aureusandE. coli; respectively. These EOs’ effective substances could be purified and used as natural antibacterial agent, solely or along with others techniques, to prolong food shelf life. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Aim of the study: The aerial part of Saururus chinensis has been used in folk medicine to treat several inflammatory diseases in China and Korea. Previously, our group reported that anti-asthmatic activity of an ethanol extract of Saururus chinensis (ESC) might occur, in part, via the inhibition of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) production, and degranulation reaction in vitro, as well as through the down-regulation of interleukin (IL)-4 and eotaxin mRNA expression in an in vivo ovalbumin-sensitization animal model. However, the effects of Saururus chinensis on eicosanoid generation, as well as Th2 cytokines and eotaxin production in an in vivo asthma model, have not been fully investigated. Moreover, it has not been determined whether ESC can ameliorate airway inflammation in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic activity of Saururus chinensis on ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized airway inflammation and its major phytochemical compositions. Materials and methods: Asthma was induced in BALB/c mice by ovalbumin-sensitization and inhalation. ESC (10–100mg/kg) or dexamethasone (5mg/kg), a positive control, was administered 7 times orally every 12h from one day before the first challenge to 1h before the second challenge. The recruitment of inflammatory cells and hyperplasia of goblet cells were evaluated by H&E and PAS staining. Levels of Th2 cytokines, eotaxin, PGD2 and LTC4 were measured to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ESC in OVA-sensitized mice. Contents of major components were analyzed by HPLC using a reversed-phase C18 column. Results: ESC (10mg/kg) suppressed allergic airway inflammation by inhibition of the production of IL-4 (P <0.001), IL-5 (P <0.05), IL-13 (P <0.001), eotaxin (P <0.001), PGE2 (P <0.001), LTC4 (P <0.001) in lung extract and IgE level (P <0.001) in the serum. In addition, ESC (50mg/kg) reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and hyperplasia of goblet cells in the lung tissues. The anti-inflammatory effect of ESC was comparable to that of the positive control drug, dexamethasone. Its major phytochemical composition includes manassantin A, B and sauchinone. Conclusions: These results suggest that ESC decreased inflammation and mucus secretion in the OVA-induced bronchial asthma model, and its anti-asthmatic activity may occur in part via the inhibition of Th2 cytokines and eotaxin protein expression, as well as through prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) generation. This effects may be attributed particularly to the presence of manassantin A, B and sauchinone major component evidenced by a HPLC analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]