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Bamboo fiber has attracted attention due to its high strength and flexibility, but it shows poor electron mobility and functionalities. In this research, phosphorus-doped flexible electrodes were constructed using bamboo fiber as the substrate, which was pretreated using sodium borohydride, followed by chemical nickel plating, and then used for urea electrocatalytic oxidation. The results showed that the bamboo fiber film provided a flexible support for nickel metal loading and a uniform and dense metal coating. Along with phosphorus self-doping, this conferred significant electrocatalytic activity to the nickel-phosphorus/bamboo fiber film (Ni–P/BFF). Notably, the electrode demonstrated an initial oxidation potential of 436.4 mV during urea oxidation. Phosphorus doping induced charge density redistribution and changed the electronic states during chemical plating, making the area around nickel atoms effective electron-trapping centers. This lowered the free energy of OH− adsorption on the surface of the conductive network in the electrolyte, which in turn lowered the onset potential and Tafel slope. These findings present a novel perspective for using biomass materials to create flexible electrodes. [Display omitted] • Eco-friendly, high-performance and low-cost flexible electrode material based on natural bamboo fiber was created. • The conductive network on bamboo fibers constitutes electron transport channels and provide electrocatalytic active sites. • Self-doping with phosphorus significantly enhanced the electrocatalytic activity, particularly for urea oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-free g-C3N4 based photocatalytic materials are widely used for the degradation of antibiotic wastewater due to their non-toxic and non-hazardous nature, stable chemical structure and low cost. However, the rapid compounding of their photoexcited carriers limit their photocatalytic activity. In this study, combining morphology modulation and phosphorus doping two modification methods, graphite-phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets (PCNNS) with different phosphorus (P) doping amounts are prepared using dicyandiamide and hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP) as the precursors. The morphological structure and optical properties are characterized, and the photocatalytic performance and degradation mechanism of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) are investigated. The results show that the degradation rate of PCNNS-0.5 is the highest, which is 2.52 times of that of bulk graphitic phase carbon nitride (BCN）, and the degradation kinetics are all consistent with a pseudo primary reaction kinetic model; ·O-2 and h+ are the main active species in the degradation process; after four cycles of experiments, PCNNS-0.5 still has high stability and good performance. The good photocatalytic performance of PCNNS is attributed to the good structural, optical and electronic properties resulting from the substitution of phosphorus atoms for carbon atoms in g-C3N4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic structures of Fe and Ni in FNS were fine-tuned by P doping, resulting in suppressed Fe leaching, improved electrical conductivity of FNS, and facilitated formation of NiOOH on catalyst surface. In turn, these features enhanced the OER activity and stability. [Display omitted] The pentlandite Fe 5 Ni 4 S 8 (abbreviated as FNS) is not efficient for water splitting because of its inferior performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This issue originates from the low activity and instability of FNS during the OER process but can be solved through appropriate doping. Herein, a P-doping strategy based on annealing in the presence of NaH 2 PO 2 as a phosphorus source upstream was employed on FNS to enhance its activity and stability toward OER. The results demonstrated fine-tuned electronic structures of Fe and Ni in FNS through P-doping, resulting in suppressed Fe leaching, improved electrical conductivity of FNS, and easier formation of NiOOH on the surface of the catalyst. In turn, these features enhanced the OER activity and stability. The optimal P-doped FNS catalyst FNSP-40 exhibited a 4-fold greater electrochemical surface area compared to that of FNS, accompanied by an overpotential of 235 mV at 10 mA cm−2. The optimized FNSP-40 catalyst was used as an anode, and platinum-decorated FNS was used as a cathode. This combination demonstrated an electrolysis performance with a cell voltage of 1.57 V, reaching a current density of 100 mA cm−2, which indicates efficient operation. The advantages of P-doping engineering were also verified in simulated seawater with enhanced OER performance. Overall, the proposed strategy looks promising for the fabrication of pentlandite-structured catalysts for efficient alkaline water and seawater oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel‐rich cathode materials have gained popularity in the development of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high energy density, which exceeds 250 Wh kg−1. However, the instability of bulk and surface structures has significantly limited their industrial application. In this study, a three‐in‐one approach to synergistically modulate the structure of LiNi0.83Co0.06Mn0.11O2 (NCM83) from surface to bulk by a phytic acid (PA) coating is proposed. This surface treatment leads to the spontaneous formation of an amorphous lithium phosphates coating layer on the outermost surface, a reconstructed NiO layer at the subsurface, and a gradient P doping in the NCM83 bulk. The resulting hierarchical and multifunctional structure provides a facilitated surface Li‐ion conduction, a NiO‐stabilized subsurface with strong resistance toward side reactions between the electrode and electrolyte, a fast Li ion bulk diffusion endowed by the enlarged LiO6 slab due to the P doping, and an enhanced H2−H3 phase transition reversibility. As a result, the PA‐NCM83 sample exhibits excellent capacity retention with 72.4% after 300 cycles at 1 C within 2.8–4.45 V, and 69.8% after 200 cycles at an elevated temperature of 45 °C. This approach provides a facile and efficient method to stabilize Ni‐rich cathode materials for next‐generation high‐energy LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinel oxides are affordable transition-metal electrocatalytic materials, but their low conductivity and intrinsic activity restrict their wide application in electrolyzed water catalysts. In this study, a series of heterojunction samples comprising phosphorus-doped spinel oxides NiCo2O4 in collaboration with g-C3N4 (NCPx@C3N4, x = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) were fabricated through a straightforward mixture method for water splitting. Therein, the NCP0.5@C3N4 electrocatalyst exhibits remarkable performance compared to the other synthesized compounds, demonstrating a small overpotential of 247 mV at 10 mA cm–2 for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), a favorable Tafel slope of 48 mV dec–1, and decent durability. The collaborative interaction between phosphorus doping and g-C3N4 results in the creation of numerous oxygen defects, increasing the electrochemically active surface area in NCP0.5@C3N4 and demonstrating a direct enhancement of the OER. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations verified that the introduction of phosphorus and its collaboration with g-C3N4 effectively regulated the electronic structure and optimized the d-band center position. Based on the results, a resilient synergistic interaction between NCP0.5 and C3N4 sheets contributes to the enhanced electrocatalytic activity of NCP0.5@C3N4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing high-performance electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains a significant challenge in reducing noble Pt consumption due to its poor water dissociation activity. In this study, phosphorus (P) atoms were successfully integrated into a PtRu alloy via a facile phosphating reaction of NaH2PO2·H2O. Through optimization of the electronic structure of Pt and Ru induced by P-doping, the process of water dissociation was markedly accelerated. Thus the P-PtRu/C catalyst exhibited superior activity in terms of low overpotentials of merely 1 mV and 68 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively, compared to the counterparts and commercial 20 wt.% Pt/C-JM. Furthermore, the introduction of P atoms substantially reduced the agglomeration of PtRu nanoparticles, thus producing strong electrocatalytic stability toward alkaline HER. This work provides a promising advancement in designing advanced electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we introduce a straightforward and effective approach to produce P-doped hard carbon using coffee grounds as the precursor, with H3PO4 serving as the doping agent. By varying the concentrations of H3PO4 (1 M, 2 M, and 3 M), we aimed to determine the optimal doping level for maximizing the incorporation of phosphorus ions into the carbon framework. Our investigation revealed that using 2 M of H3PO4 as the dopant material for hard carbon led to promising electrochemical performance when employed as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries. The P-doped hard carbon, carbonized at 1300 °C, exhibited an impressive reversible capacity of 341 mAh g−1 at a current density of 20 mA g−1, with an initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 83 %. This outstanding electrochemical performance of P-doped hard carbon can be attributed to its unique properties, including a porous agglomerated structure, a significant interlayer spacing, and the formation of C–P bonds.

Manganese molybdate has garnered considerable interest in supercapacitor research owing to its outstanding electrochemical properties and nanostructural stability but still suffers from the common problems of transition metal oxides not being able to reach the theoretical specific capacitance and lower electrical conductivity. Doping phosphorus elements is an effective approach to further enhance the electrochemical characteristics of transition metal oxides. In this study, MnMoO4·H2O nanosheets were synthesized on nickel foam via a hydrothermal route, and the MnMoO4·H2O nanosheet structure was successfully doped with a phosphorus element using a gas–solid reaction method. Phosphorus element doping forms phosphorus–metal bonds and oxygen vacancies, thereby increasing the charge storage and conductivity of the electrode material. The specific capacitance value is as high as 2.112 F cm−2 (1760 F g−1) at 1 mA cm−2, which is 3.2 times higher than that of the MnMoO4·H2O electrode (0.657 F cm−2). The P–MnMoO4//AC ASC device provides a high energy density of 41.9 Wh kg−1 at 666.8 W kg−1, with an 84.5% capacity retention after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. The outstanding performance suggests that P–MnMoO4 holds promise as an electrode material for supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus-doped FeMoO 4 was constructed with the simultaneous generation of oxygen vacancies (V O) and surface phosphates. Oxygen vacancies accelerated the dissolution of Mo in the oxygen evolution reaction, leading to the rapid reconfiguration of P-FMO@NF into FeOOH and modulation of the electronic structure of P-FMO@NF. And the phosphate on the surface optimized the electronic structure of the catalyst and improved the interfacial charge transfer properties. [Display omitted] • Surface phosphates improve the charge transfer properties. • Phosphorus doping increases the oxygen vacancies in the catalyst. • V O initiated via phosphorus doping modulate the electronic structure of P-FMO@NF. • V O promoted Mo dissolution and accelerated catalyst reconstruction. Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are abundant and cost-effective materials. However, poor conductivity and low intrinsic activity limit their application in electrolyzed water catalysts. Herein, we prepared P-FeMoO 4 in situ on nickel foam (P-FMO@NF) by phosphorylation-modified FeMoO 4 to optimize its electrocatalytic properties. Interestingly, phosphorus doping is accompanied by the generation of oxygen vacancies and surface phosphates. Oxygen vacancies accelerated Mo dissolution during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), leading to the rapid reconfiguration of P-FMO@NF to FeOOH and regulating the electronic structure of P-FMO@NF. The formation of phosphates is caused by the substitution of some molybdates with phosphates, which further increases the amount of oxygen vacancies. Hence, the OER overpotential of P-FMO@NF at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 is only 206 mV, and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) overpotential is 154 mV. It was assembled into a water splitting cell with a voltage of just 1.59 V at 10 mA cm−2 and shows excellent stability over 50 h. These excellent electrocatalytic properties are mainly attributed to the oxygen vacancies, which improve the interfacial charge transfer properties of the catalysts. This study provides new insights into phosphorus doping and offers a new perspective on the design of electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(a) Synthesis process of P-Ni 2 S 3 /Co 3 S 4 /ZnS material; (b) GCD curves of P-Ni 2 S 3 /Co 3 S 4 /ZnS; (c) Energy density and power density plots of device. [Display omitted] • The introduction of P into multimetal sulfides may enhance the electrochemical activity and optimize the microstructure, thus providing fast charge transfer and improving ion transport kinetics for transition metal sulfides. • The material has a one-dimensional nanowire/two-dimensional nanosheet-like coexisting microscopic morphology, which facilitates the exposure of abundant active centres and promotes the transport and migration of ions in the electrolyte, • The prepared P-Ni 2 S 3 /Co 3 S 4 /ZnS has a specific capacity of 1358 C g−1 at 1 A/g, and the assembled P-Ni 2 S 3 /Co 3 S 4 /ZnS //AC device with an energy density of 48.8 Wh kg−1 and excellent cycling performance. Transition metal sulfides (TMS) have been considered as a promising group of electrode materials for supercapacitors as a result of their strong redox activity, but high volumetric strain of the materials during electrochemical reactions causes rapid structural collapse and severe capacity loss. Herein, we have synthesized phosphorus-doped (P-doped) Ni 2 S 3 /Co 3 S 4 /ZnS battery-type nanowire/nanosheet arrays as an advanced cathode for supercapacitor through a two-step process of hydrothermal and annealing treatments. The material has a one-dimensional nanowire/two-dimensional nanosheet-like coexisting microscopic morphology, which facilitates the exposure of abundant active centers and promotes the transport and migration of ions in the electrolyte, while the doping of P significantly enhances the conductivity of the electrode material. Simultaneously, the element phosphorus with similar atomic radii and electronegativity to sulfur may act as electron donors to regulate the electron distribution, thus providing more effective electrochemically active sites. In gratitude to the synergistic effect of microstructure optimization and electronic structure regulation induced by the doing of P, the P-Ni 2 S 3 /Co 3 S 4 /ZnS nanoarrays provide a superior capacity of 2716 F g−1 at 1 A/g, while the assembled P-Ni 2 S 3 /Co 3 S 4 /ZnS//AC asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits a high energy density of 48.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1 with the capacity retention of 89 % after 9000 cycles. This work reveals a possible method for developing high-performance transition metal sulfide-based battery-like electrode materials for supercapacitors through microstructure optimization and electronic structure regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electroplating & Finishing is the property of Electroplating & Finishing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

GeP3 is a promising anode material for sodium ion battery due to better conductivity, relatively high theoretical capacity and improved mechanical endurance compared to phosphorus and other phosphides. However unsatisfied rate capability and cycling stability is still an annoying issue that hinders the application of GeP3. Here, GeP3 was hybridized with P doped carbon (PPC) derived from low-cost coal tar pitch to prepare composite electrode. Through ball-milling process, the GeP3 and PPC was homogenously mixed and form fused, secondary particles as confirmed by electron microscope. The formation of P-C and P-O-C bond between GeP3 and carbon matrix was evidenced by XPS, and prompted by P doping level and O content in PPC. The electrochemical performance of the composite electrodes was evaluated, demonstrated much enhanced properties compared to bare GeP3 and also GeP3/carbon black electrode. High reversible capacity of 781 mAh/g was achieved by GeP3/PPC-950 at 0.05 A/g. At higher current density of 2 A/g, the capacity can maintain at 360 mAh/g, 46% of the value that obtained at 0.05 A/g. The correlation between the structure of carbon and battery performance was discussed. The improvement in battery performance can be attributed to suppressed volume expansion and good conductive network of the GeP3/PPC composite, which affected by P doping level and O content of PPC.

Micro-mesoporous zeolite shows great potential in the field of fuel denitrogenation. However, the current preparation method of zeolite with composite pores still has the problems of high cost and low denitrification rate. Herein, we prepared a low-cost phosphorus doped zeolite by directly impregnated Y zeolite in phosphoric acid and calcinated at 400 °C firstly. Experimental results showed that phosphorus doped 10 wt.% PA/MY provided optimum denitrogenation performance with denitrogenation rate as high as 97% compared to unmodified MY zeolite (21.11%) and ion exchanged 1.0 MHY zeolite (91.38%). What's more, it was found that the introduction of phosphorus led to the formation of P–O tetrahedra and Al–O–P bonds in zeolite, which increased the amount of mesopore and the Lewis acid in zeolite. Meanwhile, the comparative study found that ion exchanged MHY zeolite depended on the limited pore matching effect of micropores and nitrogen-containing molecules and the chemisorption reaction of non-regenerable Brøsted acid to achieve denitrogenation performance. However, phosphorus doped zeolite PA/MY not only had a better size matching effect between the mesopore and the size of nitrogen-containing molecules, but also had more Lewis acid to play a major role in denitrogenation. The Lewis acid on PA/MY zeolite also had the advantage of being easy to regenerate by desorption of the nitrogen-containing molecules absorbed. This study showed good prospects for the industrial application of the doped zeolite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring highly efficient electrocatalysts (OER) is critical for oxygen evolution reaction. Herein, for the first time, P-doped NiCo 2 O 4 nanosheet arrays generated on nickel foam (namely P–NiCo 2 O 4 /NF) were constructed via a feasible protocol. Notably, the etching treatment can open the internal structure of ZIF-67 to offer more electrocatalytically active surface area, and obtained NiCo 2 O 4 showed great electrocatalytic performance in OER. The introduction of P can effectively reduce the charge transfer resistance of NiCo 2 O 4 and boost OER kinetics. More importantly, doping P not only improved the hydrophilicity of NiCo 2 O 4 , but also reduced its surface potentials, which provided convenience for the adsorption of OH− over P–NiCo 2 O 4 /NF electrode. As expected, the P–NiCo 2 O 4 /NF electrode with good long-term durability displayed excellent performance for OER in alkaline solution, and an overpotential of 121.6 mV was achieved at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. To sum up, current work can provide a meaningful reference to prepare electrocatalyst for efficient OER. [Display omitted] • The P-doped NiCo 2 O 4 nanosheet array grown on nickel foam was first constructed. • An overpotential of 121.6 mV for OER was achieved at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. • Doping P improved affinity of NiCo 2 O 4 for OH− and reduced charge transfer resistance. • As-prepared P–NiCo2O4/NF electrode showed excellent long-term durability for OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese molybdate has garnered considerable interest in supercapacitor research owing to its outstanding electrochemical properties and nanostructural stability but still suffers from the common problems of transition metal oxides not being able to reach the theoretical specific capacitance and lower electrical conductivity. Doping phosphorus elements is an effective approach to further enhance the electrochemical characteristics of transition metal oxides. In this study, MnMoO4·H2O nanosheets were synthesized on nickel foam via a hydrothermal route, and the MnMoO4·H2O nanosheet structure was successfully doped with a phosphorus element using a gas–solid reaction method. Phosphorus element doping forms phosphorus–metal bonds and oxygen vacancies, thereby increasing the charge storage and conductivity of the electrode material. The specific capacitance value is as high as 2.112 F cm−2 (1760 F g−1) at 1 mA cm−2, which is 3.2 times higher than that of the MnMoO4·H2O electrode (0.657 F cm−2). The P–MnMoO4//AC ASC device provides a high energy density of 41.9 Wh kg−1 at 666.8 W kg−1, with an 84.5% capacity retention after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. The outstanding performance suggests that P–MnMoO4 holds promise as an electrode material for supercapacitors.

The demand for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been rising exponentially. Silicon (Si) is gaining increased attention and popularity as an anode material due to its high theoretical capacity (4200 mAhg−1, Li4.4Si) and ample abundance, but the huge volume expansion of Si restricts its use in practical applications. Herein, we propose a composite consisting of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) doped micron Si/graphite with vanadium carbide (V2C) MXene, which effectively helps to buffer the mechanical stresses initiated by the volume expansion of Si. The lithium storage specific capacity of the composite is 2003 mAhg−1 (based on the weight of Si) after a long-term cycling of 500 cycles (1C rate) along with a good high rate performance. The improved performance of the composite electrode can be attributed to V2C as well as N/P doping, which significantly enhance the electron/ion conduction pathways. Also, low-cost micron Si can provide high tap density in practical applications where volumetric performance is desired. Thus, this work provides an approach to develop high-performance micron Si-based materials for LIBs.

ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) is widely used in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production due to its unique photoelectric properties. Nonetheless, the photocatalytic performance of ZIS usually faces problems of poor conductivity and rapid recombination of charge carriers. Heteroatom doping is often regarded as one of the effective strategies for improving the catalytic activity of photocatalysts. Herein, phosphorus (P)-doped ZIS was prepared by hydrothermal method, whose photocatalytic hydrogen production performance and energy band structure were fully studied. The band gap of P-doped ZIS is about 2.51 eV, which is slightly smaller than that of pure ZIS. Moreover, due to the upward shift of its energy band, the reduction ability of P-doped ZIS is enhanced, and P-doped ZIS also exhibits stronger catalytic activity than pure ZIS. The optimized P-doped ZIS exhibits a hydrogen production rate of 1566.6 μmol g−1 h−1, which is 3.8 times that of the pristine ZIS (411.1 μmol g−1 h−1). This work provides a broad platform for the design and synthesis of phosphorus-doped sulfide-based photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus doped porous carbon was prepared by one-step pyrolysis using sunflower straw as carbon source and phytic acid as phosphorus dopant and active agent. The effect of impregnation ratio, activation temperature and holding time on the yield and iodine adsorption value of phosphorus-doped porous carbon was discussed. The pore structure, surface chemical properties and binding state of doped porous carbon were analyzed by automatic specific surface area analyzer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that with the increases of impregnation ratio, activation temperature and holding time, the iodine adsorption value of sunflower stalk-based phosphorus doped porous carbon increased first and then decreased. The activation of phytic acid was conducive to the increase of specific surface area and pore volume of porous carbon. Phytic acid was used as a phosphorus source to achieve phosphorus doping of porous carbon, and the binding types of phosphorus were C-PO3, C-P-O, C3-PO, C-P=O and C-P. Under the optimum conditions, when the impregnation ratio was 2, activation temperature was 900 °C and the holding time was 2 h, the specific surface area, total pore volume and iodine adsorption value of phosphorus-doped porous carbon were 992. 7 m²/g, 1.33 cm³/g and 1 099. 8 mg/g, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The controllable construction of non-noble metal based bifunctional catalysts with high activities towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great significance, but remains a challenge. Herein, we reported an effective method to synthesize cobalt-nitrogen doped mesoporous carbon-based bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst with controllable phosphorus content (Co-N-PX-MC, X = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0). The mesoporous carbon substrate endowed the as-prepared samples with more exposed active surface (236.50 m2·g−1) and the most appropriate doping ratio of phosphorus had been investigated to be 1.5 (Co-N-P1.5-MC). For ORR, Co-N-P1.5-MC exhibited excellent catalytic activity with more positive onset potential (1.01 V) and half-wave potential (0.84 V) than the other samples. For OER, Co-N-P1.5-MC also showed a low overpotential of 415 mV. Combining experimental results and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, the outstanding bifunctional catalytic performance of Co-N-P1.5-MC was due to the synergistic cooperation between the P and N dopants, which could reduce the reaction barriers and was favorable for ORR and OER. Moreover, the Zn-air battery using Co-N-P1.5-MC as the cathode showed remarkable battery performance with high stability (could operate stably for over 160 h at 10 mA·cm−2) and maximum power density (119 mW·cm−2), demonstrating its potential for practical applications. This work could provide significant enlightenment towards the design and construction of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for next-generation electrochemical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Self-supporting P-doped transition metal selenide/carbon composite is designed. • As-prepared P-CoSe 2 /C@CC shows an overpotential of 303.1 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for OER. • P-CoSe 2 /C@CC displays an obvious reduction peak for ORR. • Zinc-air battery with P-CoSe 2 /C@CC shows a peak power density of 124.4 mW cm−2. • The enhanced catalytic performance is attributed to the P-doping effect. Zinc-air batteries (ZABs) are regarded as attractive devices for electrochemical energy storage and conversion due to their outstanding electrochemical performance, low price, and high safety. However, it remains a challenge to design a stable and efficient bifunctional oxygen catalyst that can accelerate the reaction kinetics and improve the performance of ZABs. Herein, a phosphorus-doped transition metal selenide/carbon composite catalyst derived from metal-organic frameworks (P-CoSe 2 /C@CC) is constructed by a self-supporting carbon cloth structure through a simple solvothermal process with subsequent selenization and phosphatization. The P-CoSe 2 /C@CC exhibits a low overpotential of 303.1 mV at 10 mA cm−2 toward the oxygen evolution reaction and an obvious reduction peak for the oxygen reduction reaction. The abovementioned electrochemical performances for the P-CoSe 2 /C@CC are attributed to the specific architecture, the super-hydrophilic surface, and the P-doping effect. Remarkably, the homemade zinc-air battery based on our P-CoSe 2 /C@CC catalyst shows an expected peak power density of 124.4 mW cm−2 along with excellent cycling stability, confirming its great potential application in ZABs for advanced bifunctional electrocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we use the spin-on-dopant technique for phosphorus doping to improve the photoelectric properties of soft-chemical-prepared silicon nanosheets. It was found that the luminescence intensity and luminescence lifetime of the doped samples was approximately 4 fold that of the undoped samples, due to passivation of the surface defects by phosphorus doping. Meanwhile, phosphorus doping combined with high-temperature heat treatment can reduce the resistivity of multilayer silicon nanosheets by 6 fold compared with that of as-prepared samples. In conclusion, our work brings soft-chemical-prepared silicon nanosheets one step closer to practical application in the field of optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Charge transfer in a semiconductor is crucial for photocatalytic pure water splitting. Herein, we construct a series of P-doped- g -C 3 N 4 /Fe 2 P/red-P (PCN/Fe 2 P/RP) ternary composite by in-situ phosphorization of a Fe 2 O 3 @C/ g -C 3 N 4 heterojunction. The as-prepared composite show substantially improved photocatalytic activity toward pure water splitting under visible light irradiation without adding any noble metal. The optimized composite containing 15 wt% Fe 2 P presents the best activity, with the H 2 production rate of 429 µmol g−1 h−1, which is 107 and 39 times higher than that of pristine g-C 3 N 4 and P doped g -C 3 N 4 (PCN), respectively. This noble-metal-free photocatalyst presents a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of about 0.2% for pure water splitting. It is found that water splitting proceeds via a two-electron pathway with simultaneous production of H 2 and H 2 O 2. The improvement relies on the formation of intermediate Fe 2 P for rapid Z-scheme electron transfer from the midgap state of PCN to the valence band of RP. This work provides a versatile method for fabricating noble-metal-free photocatalyst with controlled charge transfer behavior for efficient photocatalytic pure water splitting. [Display omitted] • Efficient P-doped- g -C 3 N 4 /Fe 2 P/red-P photocatalyst is successfully prepared. • Photocatalytic pure water splitting is achieved by two-election Z-scheme mechanism. • Fe 2 P acts as an intermediate layer for rapid Z-scheme electron transfer. • Solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of the composite is about 0.2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SSCN is a new type of self-sensitive photocatalyst. It consists of oxygenated carbon nitride-containing microspheres inside and polymerized triazine dye (TBO) formed on its surface by in situ polymerization. The presence of TBO endows SSCN with a wide range of optical responses. However, the TBO would self-degrade under light, making SSCN extremely unstable in photocatalytic reactions and limiting the practical application of SSCN. The introduction of phosphorus into the structure of SSCN significantly improved the electron–hole separation efficiency and reduced the self-degradation of surface TBO. Phosphorus-doped self-sensitive carbon nitride microspheres (P-SSCN) are easily synthesized by a one-pot solvothermal method—the phosphorus source was added to the precursor solution of SSCN. This resulting material was used for the photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) for the first time, giving improved visible light sensitivity and high stability in the photocatalytic process. This provides a new method for modifying self-sensitive carbon nitride carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A skin-friendly flexible P-doped LIG on Kevlar textile is first synthesized. • PVA is used as the binder for dopant gel, which is appropriate for the drying and removing process. • The laser-induced P-doped graphene electrodes and gel electrolyte fabricate the flexible pseudocapacitor. • The introduction of pseudocapacitance with P-doping realized an impressive enhancement of capacitance. The development of wearable electronics has facilitated the growth of flexible energy storage systems, including micro-supercapacitors (MSCs). Thus, it is urgent to fabricate MSCs with both excellent mechanical strength and electrochemical performance. In this work, P-enriched laser-induced graphene (LIG) is fabricated for the first time on Kevlar textiles via the one-step laser direct writing process. Laser engraving is employed on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/H 3 PO 4 -coated Kevlar to obtain porous graphene and simultaneously in-situ dope phosphorus in pure LIG. The unreacted gel dopant could be removed by washing in hot water because of the thermal solubility of PVA, therefore the Janus LIG/Kevlar textiles keep well flexible and skin-friendly. Moreover, the phosphorus-doped LIG has optimized porous morphology compared to pure LIG, which benefits the interface between electrolyte and electrodes. The introduction of phosphorus contributes to the electrochemical performance attributed to the optimized porous morphology and pseudocapacitance brought by phosphorus doping. The obtained in-plane MSCs (PMSC-4) on Kevlar textiles present a high areal capacitance of 125.35 mF cm−2, good cycling stability (over 88% during 10,000 cycles), and flexibility. This work provides a facial and scalable method firstly to fabricate and optimize heteroatom-doping MSCs on Kevlar, showing potential for wearable electronics and electronic textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a candidate for a new generation of inexpensive and high‐performance energy storage systems, lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have attracted widespread research. However, the development and application of Li–S batteries are limited by severe polysulfide dissolution and slow reaction kinetics. Herein, a type of ordered mesoporous P‐TiO2−x microsphere with a waxberry‐like shape as the sulfur host material for Li–S batteries is put forward, which combines the radially arranged mesoporous structure with oxygen defects in the mesoporous framework. In addition, the introduction of phosphorus impurities greatly improves the conductivity of the sulfur electrode, enhances electron mobility, and promotes the interaction between the sulfur species and P‐TiO2−x microspheres. Finally, S/P‐TiO2−x cathodes have achieved a high capacity of 1174.9 mAh g−1 at 0.2C and stable cycling (the average capacity attenuation is only 0.086% per cycle at 1C after 600 cycles). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

VOCs emission reduction in the petroleum and petrochemical industry is a hot and difficult topic at present. The single method may not be able to meet the actual treatment status. Therefore, the adsorption coupled photocatalytic degradation technology was used to remove VOCs. Phosphorus-doped carbon nitride (PCN) and PCN/TiO2 were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and sol–gel method, and then PCN/TiO2/Zn(OAc)2-ACF composites were prepared by ultrasonic impregnation on zinc acetate modified activated carbon fibers (Zn(OAc)2-ACF). The removal efficiency of n-hexane by composite materials was explored in a self-made reactor, and the factors affecting removal efficiency, removal mechanism, and possible ways of degradation were investigated. The results showed that under the optimum reaction conditions (initial concentration of n-hexane 200 mg/m3, space velocity 1000 h−1, light intensity 24 W, mass fraction of doped PCN 6%, loading twice, calcination temperature 450 °C), PCN/TiO2/Zn(OAc)2-ACF composite has the highest removal efficiency of n-hexane (90.2%). The adsorption capacity of the composites after doping the P element was 215.3 mg/g, which did not enhance the adsorption performance compared with that before doping, but the removal rate of n-hexane was higher. This showed that doping P element was helpful to enhance the photocatalytic activity of the composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of phosphorus doping in the transition metal germanide Mo5Ge3, which is predicted to be a nodal line semimetal and exhibits superconductivity below Tc = 0.75 K, is studied. It is found that Mo5Ge3−x$_{3-x}$Px retains the tetragonal W5Si3‐type structure up to x = 1.0, and the incorporation of phosphorus leads to a shrinkage of the unit cell volume. Remarkably, Tc of Mo5Ge3−x$_{3-x}$Px is enhanced by more than one order of magnitude with increasing x, reaching 8.24 K at x = 1.0. This enhancement is attributed to the increases in both the density of states at the Fermi level and electron–phonon coupling strength. Theoretical calculations show that the phosphorus doping leads to a nearly rigid‐band shift of the Fermi level into a local maximum of the density of states. This study unveils that transition metal germanides offer an emerging platform to study the interplay between superconductivity and nontrivial band topology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work describes the doping of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with phosphorus performed by 2-h heat treatment of a mechanical mixture of g-C3N4 precursor (urea, dicyandiamide, and guanidine hydrochloride) with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene at 525 °C. The amount of fixed phosphorus in the resulting g-C3N4 structure reached approximately 10 wt% in the case of the urea precursor. For the other two precursors, the fixed phosphorus content in the final products was less than 5 wt%. Several experimental techniques (SEM, XRFS, TG, XRD, FTIR, physisorption of nitrogen, UV-VIS DRS, PL spectroscopy, and electrochemical analysis) were used to characterize the prepared samples. The photodegradation activity of the samples was determined by degradation of Rhodamine B under irradiation with visible light (420 nm). In general, the photodegradation activity of the samples was dependent on the phosphorus content. The highest photodegradation activity was obtained for urea-based g-C3N4 doped with the lowest phosphorus content, with a threefold increase in calcination product yield. The mechanism of incorporation of phosphorus into the final g-C3N4 structure was explained as a two-phase process.

[Display omitted] • Rational design and dynamic reconstruction are key issues to HER/OER catalysts. • Phosphorus-doped amorphous high-entropy oxysulfide p-CNFOS is rationally prepared. • DFT reveals optimal electron structure modulation of p-CNFOS for HER/OER kinetics. • Excellent HER/OER performances of p-CNFOS confirm reliability of rational design. • Dynamic Reconstruction into amorphous/crystalline heterostructure is verified. Rational design and dynamic reconstruction of efficient electrocatalysts have aroused great interest for the development of water splitting. Herein, coupling of doping, high entropy and amorphous structure is highlighted to rationally fabricate phosphorus-doped amorphous high-entropy oxysulfide p-CoNiFeOS (p-CNFOS) by simple intermittent electrodeposition for efficient water splitting. Theoretical calculations reveal that optimal electronic structure modulation of p-CNFOS has lowered the d-band center and increased orbital electron density, which effectively weaken the hydrogen intermediate adsorption (ΔG *H of −0.61 eV) and decrease the energy barrier of the rate-determining step (RDS) form *O to *OOH (ΔG *O-*OOH of 1.92 eV). Experimental results ascertain the optimal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics of p-CNFOS with excellent electrochemical performances. The low overpotentials of 72 mV and 233 mV as well as the low voltage of 1.52 V for HER, OER and overall water splitting electrolyzer to reach 10 mA cm−2 prove p-CNFOS an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst. Moreover, p-CNFOS exhibits strong activity retention during long-term chronopotentiometry tests. Dynamic reconstruction of p-CNFOS is verified by interval electrochemical tests and integrated characterizations. p-CNFOS has underwent partial reconstruction into crystalline MOH/MOOH for HER and MOOH for OER, respectively. The reconstructed active species and the innovative amorphous/crystalline heterostructure guarantee the remarkable activity retention during the long-term stability test. This work develops simple and reasonable methods for dynamic reconstruction observation of electrocatalysts, elucidating the dynamic structure–property relationships of p-CNFOS during the dynamic reconstruction. Therefore, this work conduces to deeply understand and explore amorphous electrocatalysts for efficient water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Prussian Blue Analogue-derived NiFe-based electrocatalysts. • High catalytic activity towards oxygen evolution in an alkaline environment. • P-doping strategy for enhancing oxygen evolution activity and stability. • Application as anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) anodes. • High current density and durability outperforming the benchmark. Efficient hydrogen generation from water-splitting is widely acknowledged as a priority route to promote the hydrogen economy. Anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWE) offer multiple advantages in improving performance and minimizing the cost limitations of current electrolysis technologies. However, the persistence of issues related to the limited electrocatalytic activity of such materials and their poor stability under operating conditions makes developing highly active, stable, platinum-group-metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) necessary. We report the development of Prussian blue analogues (PBA)-derived NiFe-based electrocatalysts through a mild aqueous phase precipitation method, followed by thermal stabilization and phosphorus doping. The formation of the NiFe-PBA-precursor with a framework nanocubic Ni(II)[Fe(III)(CN) 6 ] 2/3 structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma analysis. The NiFe-PBA-precursor was subjected to thermal stabilization and phosphorus doping to provide the material with enhanced OER catalytic activity and stability. The existence of OER active sites based on NiFe and NiFeP has been revealed by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical characterization in a three-electrode cell configuration in a 1 M KOH electrolyte. NiFe-PBA and NiFeP-PBA were assembled at the anode side of an AEMWE, resulting in an excellent electrochemical performance both in terms of current density at 2.0 V using 1 M KOH (1.21 A cm−2) and durability, outperforming the benchmark catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) have wide application prospects in microelectronic fields such as wearable electronics due to merits of stable performance, high safety and easy integration. However, the relatively low energy density of MSCs limits their practical application. In this context, phosphorus and fluorine co-doped laser-induced graphene (FP-LIG) microelectrodes were fabricated from fluorinated polyimide containing phosphoric acid by laser direct writing (LDW) method. The introduced phosphoric acid slows down the decomposition of –CF 3 during the LDW process, resulting in much more ordered and stable pores; meanwhile, phosphorus entered the graphene lattice to replace some carbon atoms, forming a C 3 PO structure, which not only stabilizes the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte and therefore achieves an enlarged working potential of 1.4 V, but also increases the wettability of the electrode. Using FP-3-LIG microelectrodes and PVA/H 2 SO 4 as the gel electrolyte, the assembled FP-3-MSC demonstrates significantly enhanced energy density, delivering an energy density of 10.40 μWh cm−2 (@0.09 mA cm−2), 2.7 times that of F-MSC and 346.7 times that of MSC. FP-3-MSC has excellent cyclic stability, displaying an areal capacitance retention rate of above 90 % after 10,000 long cycles. In addition, FP-3-MSC demonstrates excellent flexibility, indicating promising potential in the field of flexible wearable electronics. [Display omitted] • The phosphorus doping resulted in a more stable and ordered pore structure. • The formed C 3 PO structure increased the voltage window from 1.0 to 1.4 V. • The C 3 PO structure increased the wettability of FP-3-LIG. • FP-3-MSC exhibited significantly enhanced energy density (10.40 μWh cm-2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Rapid microwave synthesis of CQDs for the fluorometric determination of GSH. • EDTA di sodium salt and (NH 4) 2 HPO 4 as precursors for the newly high quantum yield (63 %) CQDs. • The fluorescence of the CQDs is quenched by Fe2+ produced from the reaction between GSH and Fe3+. • Quenching of the native fluorescence of CQDs by GSH based on static mechanism. A facile and sensitive nano-probe for spectrofluorometric glutathione (GSH) determination has been developed based on dual-doped nitrogen and phosphorus carbon quantum dots (NP@CQDs). The NP@CQDs were prepared, through a rapid, one-step microwave heating method in only 180 s with a high quantum yield (0.63) using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as carbon and nitrogen precursor and diammonium hydrogen phosphate as nitrogen and phosphorus dopant. The synthesised NP@CQDs had a maximum bluish fluorescence emission at 420 nm, after excitation at 360 nm. The luminescence of the prepared NP@CQDs was quenched via a static quenching mechanism by ferrous ions, while ferric ions did not affect the emission of NP@CQDs. GSH was mixed with ferric ions before adding NP@CQDs to exploit this observation. The attenuation in emission observed after adding NP@CQDs to GSH/ferric ions was directly related to the GSH concentration, as GSH worked to reduce the ferric ions present and produce ferrous ions. The proposed fluorometric method was validated in compliance with the International Council on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The proposed fluorescent nano-probe showed good linearity for GSH determination over a range of 0.5–10 µg/mL with % recoveries ranging between 99.50 and 101.86 %, and RSD less than 2 %. NP@CQDs were implemented for GSH determination in pharmaceutical supplementary capsules with respectable accuracy and precision. This approach is simple, reliable, accurate, specific, and it also does not require expensive chemicals or sophisticated equipment. This work opens up other uses of NP@CQDs in pharmaceutical and environmental analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of cheap, efficient and stable hydrogen-producing catalysts is the current research focus, especially the catalysts that can work stably in the whole pH range. In this work, a myrica rubra-like structure of P–Co 1-x S/C was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction, sulfurization and phosphorization using spherical flower-like cobalt glycerate (CoG) as precursor. The design of this multilevel structure of P–Co 1-x S/C effectively increases the specific surface area. The doping phosphorus and the protection of carbon layer greatly improve catalytic performance and enhance the stability of Co 1-x S in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at full pH range. When the current density is 10 mA cm−2, the HER overpotentials of P–Co 1-x S/C in acidic, alkaline and neutral solutions are 86, 93 and 167 mV, and respectively. The Tafel slopes of P–Co 1-x S/C in acidic, alkaline and neutral solutions are 82, 100 and 103 mV dec−1, respectively. In addition, the electrocatalyst also displays excellent electrochemical long-term stability. After 2000 cycles or 20 h long-term testing, its catalytic activity remains stable without obvious decrease at full pH range. Myrica rubra-like P–Co 1-x S/C displays high catalytic activity and excellent stability in the HER at full pH range. [Display omitted] • CoG with spherical flower-like structure is used as the precursor of catalyst. • Doping of P can generate Co–P bonds and regulate the electronic structure of Co. • A myrica rubra-like P–Co 1-x S/C displays the hierarchical structure with large specific surface area. • P–Co 1-x S/C shows high activity in the HER at full pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A simple heat treatment method was proposed to simultaneously introduce Sv and P doping. • The k obs value obtained by CuFe-NC-SP-2 was nearly 33 higher than that of CuFe-PBA. • CuFe-NC-SP-2/PMS system dominated by the electron transfer process (ETP) achieved 100 % removal of SDZ. • Synergistic effect of Sv (improved the adsorption energy of PMS) and P doping (accelerated the electron transport) enhanced the ETP. In this work, Prussian blue analogues (CuFe-PBA) derived copper-iron sulfides/N-doped porous carbon composite (CuFe-NC-SP- x) was prepared as an effective peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator to degrade sulfadiazine (SDZ). A strategy that kills two birds with one stone was proposed to construct CuFe-NC-SP- x , i.e., S-etched CuFe-PBA (CuFe-PBA-S) was annealed with NaH 2 PO 2 in N 2 atmosphere to simultaneously introduce sulfur vacancy (Sv) and phosphorus doping. 40 μM SDZ was completely removed by CuFe-NC-SP-2/PMS in 20 min (0.2 g/L catalyst and 0.5 mM PMS). The k obs value obtained by CuFe-NC-SP-2 (0.48 min−1) was nearly 33 and 17 times higher than that of CuFe-PBA (0.014 min−1) and CuFe-PBA-S (0.028 min−1), respectively. Quenching tests, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis indicated that PMS activation in the system involved radical pathway (26.1 % OH and 22.7 % SO 4 –) and non-radical pathway (17.8 % 1O 2 and 33.4 % electron transfer process). OH, SO 4 – and 1O 2 were mainly produced by S enhanced metal sites for PMS activation. The synergistic effect of Sv and P doping enabled the powerful electron transfer mechanism. Electrochemical tests and DFT calculations demonstrated that Sv existing in CuFe-NC-SP- x improved the electron donor ability and increased the adsorption energy toward PMS, and phosphorus doping accelerated the electron transport from SDZ to PMS. This work not only provides a novel strategy to synthesize a high effective PMS activator by introducing Sv and phosphorous doing in one step, but also manages to comprehensively understand the electron transfer activation mechanisms of PMS facilitated by Sv and phosphorous doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ultrathin phosphorus doped hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon oxycarbide (n-μc-SiCO:H) layer deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method can be used as a window layer for silicon heterojunction solar cells. The optical and electrical properties of n-μc-SiCO:H films were controlled by PECVD deposition conditions. The interplay effects of H 2 , CO 2 and PH 3 to SiH 4 gas ratio on the chemical composition, material structure and properties of n-μc-SiCO:H film were systematically determined. O, H, C and P atoms were observed to incorporate into the silicon network of n-μc-SiCO:H layer, while most of the atoms bond directly to Si atoms. Incorporation of oxygen and carbon atoms into n-μc-SiCO:H film, confirmed by XPS as formation of Si-O and Si-C bonds, enlarged the optical absorption band gap (Eg) value. Both film crystallinity and phosphorus concentration in n-μc-SiCO:H layer were observed to be controlled by the H 2 , CO 2 and PH 3 to SiH 4 gas ratio. The electric performance of HJT solar cell was depended on the optical and electrical properties of n-μc-SiCO:H layer. An average efficiency (across ∼ 120 cells) of 26.32 % was achieved in cells with optimized deposition parameters for the n-μc-SiCO:H layer. The reaction gas ratio was also the dominant factor in determining the number and size of nanoscale Si crystallites embedded in the n-μc-SiCO:H layer. The conductivity of n-μc-SiCO:H layer was determined by the activated phosphorus concentration but independent of the total phosphorus concentration. It was also found that large concentrations of small Si crystallites of size less than 3 nm improved film conductivity. • Carbon atoms were incorporated into n-μc-SiCO:H layer by forming Si-C bond. • The activated phosphorus concentration in the n-μc-SiCO:H layer was determined by film crystallinity. • The conductivity of n-μc-SiCO:H layer was dominated by the activated phosphorus concentration. • Large amounts of silicon crystallites of size of less than 3 nm improved layers' conductance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its inherent electrochemical catalytic activity, molybdenum sulfide (MoS 2) is a potential electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the limited exposure of its active sites resulting from the easy stacking of nanosheets and inert basal plane hampered its optimal catalytic activity. Herein, we developed a novel facile hydrothermal method to prepare phosphorus-doped MoS 2 nanosheets anchored on agar-derived 3D nitrogen-doped porous carbon (P-MoS 2 /NC). The synthesized P-MoS 2 /NC electrocatalyst possesses high HER catalytic activity with a low overpotential of 167 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 45 mV dec−1. The excellent performance is attributed to the unique 3D network carbon structure, which avoids the stacking of the MoS 2 sheets resulting in more exposed active sites. Additionally, the P atom introduced on the surface of MoS 2 sheets successfully activated the in-plane inertness. This work provides an efficient strategy for designing and preparing high-quality catalysts with enhanced electrocatalytic HER activity. [Display omitted] • Agar-derived 3D nitrogen-doped porous carbon avoids the accumlation of MoS 2 nanosheets. • P-doping activates the in-plane inertness of MoS 2 as well as increases the number of active sites on the basal planes. • P-MoS 2 /NC composite presents potential application in the field of electrocatalytic HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The Rice Husk-Derived P-Doped CNTs in Cu–Zn –O/NPC nanomaterial is synthesized by the hydrothermal method and used as a battery-grade electrode for supercapattery devices. • An outstanding specific capacity of 1263C/g is obtained. • The remarkable high-energy density of 66Wh/kg at a power density of 800 W /kg is conceived. • Excellent cyclic stability of 98% capacity retention is obtained after 18,000 consecutive charge–discharge cycles are estimated. In the quest to bolster the electrochemical efficiency of metal oxide electrodes for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors, the integration of phosphorus doping emerges as a pivotal method. This study delves into the fabrication process of a specialized P-CNT on Cu–ZnO/NPC composite through a meticulous in-situ synthesis followed by phosphating. The strategic incorporation of phosphorus heteroatoms orchestrates a profound alteration in the electronic structure of the Cu–ZnO/NPC matrix, effectively augmenting its storage capabilites. The electrode showcases a commendable specific capacitance of 1619C/g. Making this innovation into a hybrid supercapacitor configuration (P-CNT@Cu–ZnO/NPC //activated carbon) yields an impressive energy density of 56.13 Wh/kg at 1250 W/kg. Even after enduring 10,000 exhaustive testing cycles, the device remarkably retains 98.0 % of its initial capacitance, affirming the resilience and enduring performance of this tailored design. In oxygen evolution reaction (OER) application, the P-CNT@Cu–ZnO/NPC electrode demonstrated 43.26 mV/dec tafel slope. These groundbreaking findings underscore the transformative potential of the P-CNT@Cu–ZnO/NPC composite in shaping the landscape of future energy storage electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The one-step green preparation of heterojunction-structured bifunctional high-efficiency electrocatalysts provides a simple method for the green, low-cost, convenient and efficient application of hydrogen energy, meanwhile it is still challenging to achieve. In the present work, the phosphorus-doped two-phase heterojunction P-Co 5.47 N/Co 9 S 8 @NPC nanorods was synthesized on carbon cloth (CC) as a high-quality bifunctional electrode through simple one-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Saccharomycetes cerevisiae were used for the non-toxic phosphorus doping and formation of a carbon nanolayer wrapping Co 5.47 N/Co 9 S 8 nanorods. Compared with the single-phase electrocatalyst Co 9 S 8 @NPC NSs/CC, P-Co 5.47 N/Co 9 S 8 @NPC NSs/CC exhibited more excellent electrocatalytic performance which required overpotentials of 69 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), 182.5 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), 1.45 V for over water splitting (OWS) at 10 mA cm−2 in KOH solution. The designed P-Co 5.47 N/Co 9 S 8 @NPC NSs/CC presented multiple advantages of nanorod structure, doped structure, abundant heterointerfaces, as well as dual-phase synergy, which triggered outstanding electrocatalytic performance. [Display omitted] • P-Co 5.47 N/Co 9 S 8 @NPC heterostructure is synthesized by one-step preparation strategy. • P-Co 5.47 N/Co 9 S 8 @NPC NSs/CC catalyst exhibits superb electrocatalytic activity. • P-Co 5.47 N/Co 9 S 8 @NPC NSs/CC has nanorod structure and doped structure. • P-Co 5.47 N/Co 9 S 8 @NPC NSs/CC has abundant heterointerfaces and dual-phase synergy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a candidate for a new generation of inexpensive and high‐performance energy storage systems, lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have attracted widespread research. However, the development and application of Li–S batteries are limited by severe polysulfide dissolution and slow reaction kinetics. Herein, a type of ordered mesoporous P‐TiO2−x microsphere with a waxberry‐like shape as the sulfur host material for Li–S batteries is put forward, which combines the radially arranged mesoporous structure with oxygen defects in the mesoporous framework. In addition, the introduction of phosphorus impurities greatly improves the conductivity of the sulfur electrode, enhances electron mobility, and promotes the interaction between the sulfur species and P‐TiO2−x microspheres. Finally, S/P‐TiO2−x cathodes have achieved a high capacity of 1174.9 mAh g−1 at 0.2C and stable cycling (the average capacity attenuation is only 0.086% per cycle at 1C after 600 cycles).

Transition metal sulfides have been explored as electrode materials for non-enzymatic detection. In this work, we investigated the effects of phosphorus doping on the electrochemical performances of NiCo2S4 electrodes (P-NiCo2S4) towards glucose oxidation. The fabricated non-enzymatic biosensor displayed better sensing performances than pristine NiCo2S4, with a good sensitivity of 250 µA mM−1 cm−2, a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.46 µM (S/N = 3), a wide linear range of 0.001 to 5.2 mM, and high selectivity. Moreover, P-NiCo2S4 demonstrated its feasibility for glucose determination for practical sample testing. This is due to the fact that the synergetic effects between Ni and Co species, and the partial substitution of S vacancies with P can help to increase electronic conductivity, enrich binary electroactive sites, and facilitate surface electroactivity. Thus, it is found that the incorporation of dopants into NiCo2S4 is an effective strategy to improve the electrochemical activity of host materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atomically dispersed iron and nitrogen co-doped carbon materials (Fe-N-C) represent promising non-precious metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), offering potential alternatives to noble metal-based benchmarks. In our study, we investigated the influence of phosphorus doping on the catalytic activity of Fe-N-C. The experimental research demonstrate that the doping of phosphorus significantly enhances the ORR activity. Specifically, the resulting Fe-NPC exhibits high metal loading and excellent ORR activity in 0.1 M KOH with an onset potential of 1.00 V and a half-wave potential of 0.864 V. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations reveal that phosphorus improves the electrocatalytic activity by activating O2 molecules and reducing the energy barrier (the hydrogenation reaction *OH→H2O) of the rate-determining step. Furthermore, Fe-NPC exhibits promising application prospects as an air cathode in Zn-air batteries, delivering a high maximum discharge power density of 180.3 mW cm-2 and outstanding discharge specific capacity (758.8 mAh g-1Zn) at a discharge current density of 10 mA cm-2., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO 3 RR) is a promising approach to realize ammonia generation and wastewater treatment. However, the transformation from NO 3 - to NH 3 involves multiple proton-coupled electron transfer processes and by-products (NO 2 - , H 2 , etc.), making high ammonia selectivity a challenge. Herein, a two-phase nanoflower P-Cu/Co(OH) 2 electrocatalyst consisting of P-Cu clusters and P-Co(OH) 2 nanosheets is designed to match the two-step tandem process (NO 3 - to NO 2 - and NO 2 - to NH 3 ) more compatible, avoiding excessive NO 2 - accumulation and optimizing the whole tandem reaction. Focusing on the initial 2e - process, the inhibited * NO 2 desorption on Cu sites in P-Cu gives rise to the more appropriate NO 2 - released in electrolyte. Subsequently, P-Co(OH) 2 exhibits a superior capacity for trapping and transforming the desorbed NO 2 - during the latter 6e - process due to the thermodynamic advantage and contributions of active hydrogen. In 1 m KOH + 0.1 m NO 3 - , P-Cu/Co(OH) 2 leads to superior NH 3 yield rate of 42.63 mg h - 1  cm - 2 and NH 3 Faradaic efficiency of 97.04% at -0.4 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. Such a well-matched two-step process achieves remarkable NH 3 synthesis performance from the perspective of optimizing the tandem catalytic reaction, offering a novel guideline for the design of NO 3 RR electrocatalysts., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) is widely used in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production due to its unique photoelectric properties. Nonetheless, the photocatalytic performance of ZIS usually faces problems of poor conductivity and rapid recombination of charge carriers. Heteroatom doping is often regarded as one of the effective strategies for improving the catalytic activity of photocatalysts. Herein, phosphorus (P)-doped ZIS was prepared by hydrothermal method, whose photocatalytic hydrogen production performance and energy band structure were fully studied. The band gap of P-doped ZIS is about 2.51 eV, which is slightly smaller than that of pure ZIS. Moreover, due to the upward shift of its energy band, the reduction ability of P-doped ZIS is enhanced, and P-doped ZIS also exhibits stronger catalytic activity than pure ZIS. The optimized P-doped ZIS exhibits a hydrogen production rate of 1566.6 μmol g−1 h−1, which is 3.8 times that of the pristine ZIS (411.1 μmol g−1 h−1). This work provides a broad platform for the design and synthesis of phosphorus-doped sulfide-based photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution.

The modification of mesoporous carbon (MC) with phosphoric acid as the phosphorus source is an effective mean of increasing the electroactive center. In this study, phosphorus was successfully introduced into the MC framework through a simple water-phase self-assembly process. The prepared phosphorus-doped mesoporous carbon (PMC) material had a high phosphorus content (2.21 at%). It showed a high specific capacitance of 231 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 in a three-electrode system. Compared with pure MC (154 F g−1), the electrochemical double-layer capacitance (EDLC) performance of PMC has been greatly improved because of its higher content of electrocatalytic active centers, granting it the potential of becoming an ideal high-performance electrode material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improved chloride binding stability for calcium aluminate cements is proposed by the doping of phosphorus. Phosphorus‐modified aluminates clinker has an improved chloride binding stability compared to pristine aluminates, ordinary Portland cement and sulfur‐modified calcium aluminates, as verified by experimental observation. The existence of the newly found phosphorus‐modified Friedel's salt (PFS) accounts for the excellent chloride binding stability, which was understood by density functional theory calculations. Local density of states of the valence band minimum is predominantly localized around P atoms in the PFS, but evenly distributed in the Friedel's salt (FS). The frontier band energy of the partial density of states on Cl and O elements in the PFS is lower than that in the FS by 0.21 and 0.05 eV, respectively. This makes the PFS more stable than the FS salt to ionic attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrolysis of water splitting is a critical technology to produce the hydrogen by green electricity. The design of highly efficient, low-cost, and stable electrocatalysts is the important point in this process. The structure modification by doping is concerned intensively because it optimizes the electronic conductivity and the absorption of reaction intermediates. The transition metal oxides are the efficient catalysts for water splitting under the alkaline electrolyte. However, the limited structure and number of surficial sites restrict the electrochemical activity. In this work, the phosphorus-doped CoMoO 4- x nanosheets on CoO nanowire (CoMoO 4-x P x /CoO) is developed as one efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst in alkaline media. The optimized CoMoO 4-x P x /CoO shows a small overpotential of 63 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for the HER in 1 M KOH. Combined characterization and density functional theory calculation, the active sites of CoMoO 4-x P x /CoO for HER are the surficial Co and Mo atoms that are linked by a P-OH structure. We present here the phosphorus-doped CoMoO 4-x nanoarrays electrocatalyst to catalyze the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which shows a beneficial electrochemical performance 1 M KOH electrolytes. [Display omitted] • The hierarchical CoMoO 4-x P x /CoO is constructed to catalyze the hydrogen evolution. • The CoMoO 4-x P x /CoO shows a small overpotential of 63 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH. • The Co-P-Mo site in CoMoO 4-x P x /CoO is active for alkaline HER according to DFT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phosphorus doped hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon oxycarbide (n -nc-SiCO:H) layer can be used as a window layer on the light incident side of silicon heterojunction solar cells (HJT). The chemical composition, structural organization and properties of the n -nc-SiCO:H layer deposited from plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method can be easily manipulated via radio frequency power density tuned. Phase separation is observed in the n -nc-SiCO:H layer in which nanoscale silicon crystallites were embedded in amorphous silicon oxycarbide matrix. The optical properties of the n -nc-SiCO:H layer are depended on oxygen and carbon atoms incorporation ratio. The conductivity of the n -nc-SiCO:H layer is dominated by activated phosphorus concentration and the phase separation. The activated phosphorus atoms which play an important role on electron transportation are distributed in both crystalline silicon phase and amorphous silicon phase. Both activated phosphorus concentration and band gap value for oxygen rich amorphous silicon oxycarbide layer are determined by incorporation ratio of O atoms. The interplay effects of optical and electrical properties of the n -nc-SiCO:H layers on HJT cells electric performance variation are revealed out in this report. An average efficiency (across ∼120 cells) of 26.3 % was achieved in cells with optimized power density for the n -nc-SiCO:H layer. The results demonstrate that phase separation in the n -nc-SiCO:H layer plays a critical role on electron transportation. • The structural organization of the n -nc-SiCO:H layer is composed by crystalline silicon phase and amorphous silicon phase. • The tunable optical and electrical properties of the n -nc-SiCO:H layers are affected by the oxygen incorporation ratio. • The series resistance value for HJT cells is determined by the activated phosphorus concentration in the n -nc-SiCO:H layer. • Phase separation in the n -nc-SiCO:H film plays a certain role on carrier transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]