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This paper argues for the need to discuss religious freedom in stable countries as a means to enhance religious literacy and engagement through mutual respect. This paper explores the confrontations that occurred between the church and the people in the colonial era, as well as the disputes between the church and the state in postcolonial Malawi, focusing specifically on the persecution faced by Jehovah's Witnesses. The study highlights the importance of implementing principles of covenantal pluralism to address the historical persecution of religious minority groups in Malawi, which has often been overlooked due to the country's stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A constant sense of othering constitutes the core of the Romani diasporic experience. This otherness was not a transient phenomenon in the Romani diasporic history. Its constancy was seemingly unending. It began with their unfortunate exit from India under the historical imperatives characterised by foreign invasion and forced slavery. What followed thereafter embodies the history of the Roma diasporic experience. A deep sense of being othered unequivocally acquired constancy as they moved on under different historical compulsions and forces from Afghanistan, Iran and Turkey to Europe. In Europe, they experienced, contrary to their perception of finding a better ground for an assumed difference, othering in its sinister form. Their movement in Europe and to America subsequently was underlined with servitude, subjection and a deep sense of humiliation. Therefore, this article divides the Roma diasporic experience into three distinct categories—migration, persecution and statelessness—to present the nature of this experience and the acute sense of the othering ingrained therein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anlässlich einer Ausstellungsübernahme wurde von der Provenienzforschung der Bayerischen Staatsgemäldesammlungen in München erstmals die Provenienz von Fotografien von Aenne Biermann (1898–1933) überprüft. In einem intensiven fachlichen Austausch zwischen der kunsthistorischen Forschung zur Fotografin einerseits und der Provenienzforschung zu den Themen Fluchtgut in Italien, Beschlagnahme von Liftvans in Auswandererhäfen und den sogenannten Operationszonen Adriatisches Küstenland und Alpenvorland andererseits gelang es, den Weg der Objekte zu rekonstruieren. Gleichzeitig konnten die Biografie der Künstlerin und die ihrer vom Nationalsozialismus verfolgten Familie um viele Details ergänzt werden. The provenance research team at the Bavarian State Painting Collections in Munich first looked into the provenance of the photographs of Aenne Biermann (1898–1933) on taking over an exhibition of her work. Through an intensive dialogue between art historical research on the photographer on the one hand and the provenance research investigating fugitive property in Italy, the confiscation of liftvans in emigration ports and the so-called operation zones of the Adriatic coast and in the Alpine foothills on the other hand, the team was able to reconstruct the path taken by the objects. Its work also added some pertinent details to the artist's own life story and that of her family, who were persecuted by the Nazis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chambers of Rhetoric in Flanders, Brabant, Holland and Zeeland opened themselves up to the new religious ideas, especially in the 1530s. These were discussed among their members and the Scriptures were read and conversed upon. The results of their reflections were written down and performed in allegorical plays (spelen van sinne), biblical plays, refrains and songs. In this essay particular attention will be paid to how the staging of biblical figures and stories was not only a means to propagate the new "evangelical" ideas among the audience, but also a way to criticize the persecution of the same by the imperial and ecclesiastical authorities. To that purpose a closer analysis is offered of a play entitled De Bekeeringe Pauli (The Conversion of Paul), which was based upon Acts 9:1–19. Most probably the play was created by the Chamber of Rhetoric De Goudbloem (Marigold), which was active in Vilvoorde near Brussels. The essay will further illustrate how these "religiously-politically incorrect" plays induced the authorities to take increasingly stringent measures against the performance of rhetoricians' plays in the Low Countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reconstructs the influence of Jesuit missionary writings focusing on China on the emergence of a distinctive conception of toleration. The article highlights the often neglected contributions of Pierre Bayle. After a brief reconstruction of key elements of the Sino‐European encounter, such as the Kangxi Emperor's edict of toleration, the paper describes how Bayle's interpretation of the China Mission contributed to a critique of religious persecution in France and enabled him to develop a defense of a rationalist approach to toleration. The article demonstrates that Bayle's knowledge of China and his methodology of intercultural changes in perspective contributed to the development of an original conception of reciprocal toleration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of India's Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) of 2019, focusing on its origins, objectives, and far-reaching consequences, particularly concerning its alignment with the constitutional principles of secularism and equality. The CAA facilitates the acquisition of Indian citizenship for persecuted religious minorities from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, explicitly excluding Muslims. This has sparked national and international debate over its potential to undermine the secular fabric of the Indian Constitution, particularly concerning Article 14, which guarantees equality before the law. Through a legal and constitutional lens, the paper critically examines the broader implications of the CAA on religious minorities, its intersection with the National Register of Citizens (NRC), and concerns about statelessness. Drawing on scholarly critiques, it explores the Act's impact on India's inclusive identity, the potential marginalization of minority communities, and the socio-political challenges posed by its implementation. The paper advocates for re-evaluating citizenship laws to align with India's democratic principles, ensuring social cohesion and protection of human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the political persecution unleashed during the post-war period by McCarthyism, which led to the systematic accusation and harassment of American citizens for their leftist beliefs or Communist Party affiliations. This campaign of rumors and denunciations was particularly aggressive against film industry professionals, notably the Hollywood Ten. The emotional climate of the era was charged with fear and anger, emotions that were vividly manifested in the experiences of those targeted. By analyzing the correspondence and screenwriting of Dalton Trumbo, including his work on films like Papillon, this article examines the impact of this persecution and the strategies Trumbo used to confront the U.S. government, survive the blacklist, and sustain his career. It traces his journey from self-exile in Mexico, writing under pseudonyms, and using front names, to his eventual return and recognition in Hollywood. This analysis highlights the importance of constructing a cultural history that captures the collective emotional experiences of communities affected by such events, and it shows how Trumbo’s personal ordeals influenced the dialogues and narratives of the films he contributed to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a hypothesis about the identity of the Victor Mattaritanus who, as attested by Cassiodorus, produced a "corrected Augustinian edition" of a work by John Cassian, most probably Collatio 13. He would have been a bishop of Mactaris (Maktar, Tunisia) in the province of Byzacena, deported to Sardinia under the reign of the Vandal king Thrasamund, who joined the monastic community established by Fulgentius of Ruspe in Cagliari. This community housed a rich library and an active scriptorium and soon became a stronghold of Augustinianism, but it is very likely that the works of Cassian, an author dear to Fulgentius, were also widely read, copied, and edited there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The focus of this scoping review is to identify studies, reports, and other relevant sources from the peer-reviewed and grey literature that reports on refugee children's access and barriers to portable identity, education, and health records at different stages during the migration process. The child refugee crisis has become a global concern as many individuals risk their lives to escape the political violence, persecution, and war. Forcibly displaced children face the genuine challenge of being unable to acquire documents pre-migration or having documents lost, stolen, or destroyed during transit. Still, little is known about refugee children's challenges when accessing and maintaining personal records while moving within and across borders. We will consolidate existing information and analyze the barriers that limit access to identity, education, and health records at different stages of migration and the policies and practices to address record portability and interoperability problems. This work is part of a program of study that seeks to understand the institutional, social, and political aspects of a refugee child's environment that potentiate their resilience under conditions of extreme stress. The study included academic literature focused on the production, preservation, or transmission of records pertaining to identification, education, or health of refugee children, adolescents, and young adults. The review process was limited to documents written in the English language. We employed the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley1 for the methodological synthesis of research, as well as the modifications recommended by Levac and colleagues.2 Results of the search strategy were compiled and presented using the extended reporting guidelines for scoping reviews, as suggested by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA).3 Several bibliographic and grey literature databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Tandfonline, Proquest, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, Google Scholar, Google search engine, and UN agency websites, were searched to identify relevant studies. Using electronic literature searches, 87 articles were identified, of which 8 were deemed eligible for inclusion in this study. In addition, we identified 7 news articles and 10 reports from international organizations, most of which were focused on issues related to education record portability, as well as initiatives aimed at recognizing digital credentials for refugee young people. All eligible documents were categorized into three themes based on the analysis targets: (1) examining the challenges faced by refugees in utilizing humanitarian identity systems; (2) highlighting the need for digital credentials for refugees; and (3) exploring the potential benefits of digital health interventions for refugees. Specifically, our search showed that digital identity systems need to be more flexible and tailored to individual refugee needs. With regard to education records, the retrieved grey literature prioritizes adults' needs, but adopting digital credentials and blockchain technology may solve traditional recognition systems' constraints, ensuring that refugee children's education is also supported. In contrast, digital health interventions, including EHRs and mobile health applications, have been better studied and shown to positively impact healthcare access, patient outcomes, and chronic disease management for refugees in high-resource host countries. Despite this potential for positive outcomes, the portability of health records remains an under-researched and under-resourced area of a refugee child's life. The increasing number of refugee children globally necessitates urgent solutions to address their need for portable identity, education, and health records. This review highlights the potential of digital interventions to improve refugee children's lives, including their resettlement outcomes. Furthermore, recent innovations like blockchain technology and digital credentials offer promising solutions for advancing equity for refugee children. Developing adaptable digital solutions and resources can enhance refugee children's access to health and education services, while also enabling them to obtain necessary documentation and identity verification for accessing basic rights and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of India’s Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) of 2019, focusing on its origins, objectives, and far-reaching consequences, particularly concerning its alignment with the constitutional principles of secularism and equality. The CAA facilitates the acquisition of Indian citizenship for persecuted religious minorities from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, explicitly excluding Muslims. This has sparked national and international debate over its potential to undermine the secular fabric of the Indian Constitution, particularly concerning Article 14, which guarantees equality before the law. Through a legal and constitutional lens, the paper critically examines the broader implications of the CAA on religious minorities, its intersection with the National Register of Citizens (NRC), and concerns about statelessness. Drawing on scholarly critiques, it explores the Act’s impact on India’s inclusive identity, the potential marginalization of minority communities, and the socio-political challenges posed by its implementation. The paper advocates for re-evaluating citizenship laws to align with India’s democratic principles, ensuring social cohesion and protection of human rights.

This article explores the political persecution unleashed during the post-war period by McCarthyism, which led to the systematic accusation and harassment of American citizens for their leftist beliefs or Communist Party affiliations. This campaign of rumors and denunciations was particularly aggressive against film industry professionals, notably the Hollywood Ten. The emotional climate of the era was charged with fear and anger, emotions that were vividly manifested in the experiences of those targeted. By analyzing the correspondence and screenwriting of Dalton Trumbo, including his work on films like Papillon, this article examines the impact of this persecution and the strategies Trumbo used to confront the U.S. government, survive the blacklist, and sustain his career. It traces his journey from self-exile in Mexico, writing under pseudonyms, and using front names, to his eventual return and recognition in Hollywood. This analysis highlights the importance of constructing a cultural history that captures the collective emotional experiences of communities affected by such events, and it shows how Trumbo’s personal ordeals influenced the dialogues and narratives of the films he contributed to.

Why do some Christian foreign mission groups dispatch missionaries to some culturally and politically risky states where they face personal risks and political entanglements? Using world polity theory, I argue that local religious groups' motivations are driven by their involvement in international religious networks, which mobilize missionaries to go to places such as Muslim countries. Based on 30 semistructured interviews with South Korean missionaries and leaders of churches and mission organizations, I illuminate that globally shared discourse of unreached people encouraged missionaries to volunteer to go to high‐risk states. I also suggest that Korean religious actors did not passively accept the influence of the international discourse but also reconstructed the discourse. The study also highlights that a missionary's dual identity as a religious actor and another profession to get a visa in high‐risk countries is bound up with the state's surveillance and potential persecution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the tendency of some modern scholars to mark Augustine as the father of religious coercion, the Second Vatican Council (1962–65) cites him as a principal source for freedom of conscience. This essay presents evidence from Augustine's letters and anti-Donatist writings to show that he both upheld freedom of conscience and maintained a vital role for state force. The essay shows that far from simply providing a Christian justification for the use of state force against non-Catholics, Augustine most notably imposed the limits of Christian charity on a long history of state-sponsored religious persecution. Only by the charitable and paternal application of discipline by the state would many Donatists be truly free to follow their conscience. In this way, those persecuted for being in schism could attain freedom by coercion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hiding from war, violence, and persecution in a secret, confined place affects the subjectivity of the occupants. The hideout's material properties and the hiders' silence to avoid detection enter deep into their lives. This co-constitution of subjectivity and hiding becomes manifest in their affects, feelings, and emotions, as will be illustrated by an analysis of Anne Frank's lived experience of hiding for two years from Nazi persecution. She and her fellow hiders maintained a regime of silence in the secret annex of a canal house in Amsterdam to prevent their discovery and deportation. The hideout's material and social restrictions created a subjectivity of hiding that devalued Anne Frank's existence as a human being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the views of Jews in the early eleventh century on issues of rulership and power through analysis of a Hebrew text known as the '1007 Anonymous'. The article opens with a discussion of this work's account of practices of lordship, showing that its protagonist is presented as a lord. It then turns to examine papal involvement in the power struggles that characterised France, concluding that the protagonist's appeal to the papacy was at the time a common practice. It moves on to analyse anti-Jewish rhetoric and its underlying political messages, presenting it as a manifestation of power narratives. Finally, the article reframes the Hebrew account as evidence of Jewish attempts to cope with the rise of new practices of rulership in early eleventh century France, and as depicting a Jewish-Christian dispute over the symbolic role (or lack thereof) of the Jews within this political dynamic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beginning with early studies in the 1970s, dehumanisation has become a key feature in attempts to grasp the fundamental dynamics and conditions under which mass atrocities emerge. One of the most long-standing, prominent and widely accepted conceptions sees the loss of moral status as a key constitutive component of processes of dehumanisation, suggesting that the victims' exclusion from the moral universe of obligation breaks down moral barriers, enabling forms of persecution outside the established practices of violence among human communities. With reference to the paradigmatic case of the Holocaust, this article critically interrogates this so far unquestioned equation of a loss of moral standing with dehumanisation. Overall, it argues for a much more nuanced differentiation between normative and analytical uses of dehumanisation, the need for more detailed reflections on its empirical appearances and relevance, and a more critical engagement with its conceptual grounding. Doing so will lead dehumanisation research beyond its current state and would allow for a more intricate assessment of its uses, meanings and relevance in cases of mass violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is war a social trauma? The question appears to be self-evident as war per se disrupts the expected, destroys safety, overwhelms people and brings suffering and destruction to entire nations. Nevertheless, war was initially excluded from the psychoanalytical theory of social trauma, which was conceptualized using the paradigm of persecution and genocide. The article deals with this exclusion and discusses the question of the comparability of war and genocide as well as the psychosocial consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article notes that the integration of social media into our daily lives has led to the blurring of the boundaries between work and personal space and, as a result, the growth of harassment on social media. Based on various statistics and international studies, it can be argued that harassment at work, especially sexual harassment, is a complex, unresolved problem for many companies around the world, and the constant growth of remote work that began during the pandemic directly leads to an increase in complaints about aggressive actions on the Internet. The authors of the article point out that harassment on social media in the workplace does not have to be limited to traditional working hours, and the harasser can be not only a colleague, manager, or technical staff, but also a client, supplier, etc. To effectively combat harassment in the workplace, organizations must first develop a zero-tolerance policy against harassment or any other form of discrimination and cultivate a culture of empathy. However, a policy or training alone is not enough if there is no detailed and effective mechanism for reporting harassment to a manager or an authorized body at the enterprise. The article analyzes the foreign and national experience of the procedure for reporting harassment and protecting violated rights. The author concludes that since Ukrainian legislation does not define harassment and does not establish liability for such actions, employees have the opportunity to protect their rights only within the framework of the Law of Ukraine "On Ensuring Equal Rights and Opportunities for Men and Women" and the Law of Ukraine "On Principles of Prevention and Combating Discrimination in Ukraine". Therefore, the issue of supplementing national legislation with such a term as harassment, defining its possible forms and establishing liability, as was done, for example, with regard to mobbing, is now an urgent one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian state is a state of law, based on Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This means that within the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, the law must be upheld and become a means of carrying out activities in all aspects of national and state life. Laws that uphold human rights and guarantee equal status before the law are required to respond to all problems and conflicting interests of society. The problem formulation is how to resolve criminal acts of abuse through restorative justice in the Bali regional police? And what are the obstacles in resolving criminal acts of abuse through restorative justice in the Bali regional police? The research method in this case is empirical research, descriptive research, the data source is primary data; secondary data; and tertiary data, data collection techniques namely observation; interview; and documentation, and data processing and data analysis techniques, namely descriptive qualitative. Resolving criminal acts of abuse through Restorative Justice in the jurisdiction of the Bali Regional Police is carried out by integrating three forms of law enforcement, namely preemptive, preventive and repressive. However, the obstacles to this resolution are the lack of eyewitnesses, lack of human resources for law enforcement, and the trauma suffered by victims which is difficult to remove, so psychological support and long-term therapy are really needed to help victims recover emotionally and mentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on noteworthy reports and surveys on international religious freedom and persecution in various countries. Topics discussed include annual global surveys on religious freedom; the challenges faced by religious minorities in various nations; regional reports on specific countries like Nigeria and Afghanistan; and updates on religious freedom violations in nations such as Cuba, India and Turkey.

Pakistan has a long history of persecuting minority faith groups. It ranked seventh on the 2024 Open Doors World Watch List, and the 2024 Annual Report published by the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom recommended designating Pakistan as a Country of Particular Concern due to its worsening religious freedom conditions for Christians and other religious minorities. The persecution affects all age groups. However, this paper focuses on Christian children, portraying the persecution of minors as a multi-dimensional phenomenon that affects their whole life, impeding their religious, educational, and professional development. Selected persecution cases are provided as illustrations, accompanied by the description of corresponding aid projects by Voice of the Martyrs Poland, launched to assist Pakistani minors and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the relationship between religious persecution, family disruption and the transmission of faith across generations. Topics discussed include the impact of family stability on religious attendance; how persecution weakens family structures and disrupts faith transmission; and hypotheses about the consequences of religious persecution on family unity, the long-term effects of persecution strategies targeting family structures.

During the nineteenth century, anticlerical and secularist sectors gained ground. Upon reaching the twentieth century, among the strategies that the Catholics worldwide used to try to stop this advance, it stands out that they usually presented themselves as persecuted by the governments promoting secularizing measures, freedom of religion, or laws to separate the State from the Church. For many Catholics of the time, these measures were practically synonymous with religious persecution, a term they used to refer to very different phenomena, as is proven by the cases of Mexico, Czechoslovakia, and Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have found restrictions on minority faith-based communities to be related to the onset of violent religious hostilities. Absent from this work, though, is a consideration of the fact that minority religious discrimination can take different forms, and, consequently, may encourage violence in different ways. This paper seeks to fill this void by examining different forms of minority religious restrictions and their relationship to religious violence. Specifically, we analyze the comparative strength of three basic types of religious discrimination—restrictions on minority religious practices, restrictions on minority religious institutions, and restrictions on conversion and proselytizing —on violence carried out by both religious majority groups and religious minority groups. Interestingly, our analysis shows all three forms of restrictions encourage violence from religious majorities, but not from minorities. We supplement the statistical analysis with a case study of faith-based discrimination and violent religious hostilities in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To those who find genuine dialogue embracing difference nearly impossible in an atmosphere of hate and violent polarization, Martin Buber's notion of the "unity of contraries" can seem absurd. In response, this article contends that the unity-of-contraries approach requires dialogic courage. This article explores the connections between the unity of contraries, the absurd, and dialogic courage through the case study of Mother Catherine Abrikosova and the Russian Dominican Catholic community she founded amid twentieth century Soviet persecution of Catholics. Her heroic communicative response to the absurdity of Soviet censorship, religious intolerance, and violence was informed by a unity-of-contraries identity that flourished rather than decayed as a result of radical difference. Together with the coordinates of Alasdair MacIntyre's notion of networks of giving and receiving and Ronald C. Arnett's concept of tenacious hope, dialogic courage is proposed as an essential communicative orientation for the current historical moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The history of mankind is replete with movements of human beings across our large planet. People moved or were forced to move because they could no longer live at one place in peace and stability. Wars and famines were common reasons to uproot the tents and move on to greener pastures but there were other reasons as they are still today. One of the major causes of leaving one's homeland is inter-tribal or inter-ethnic rivalry and the other is religious persecution. As we see in Middle-East or West Asia as commonly designated now, these causes are still alive and festering like unhealed wounds making people leave the safety of their homes and family for a more hospitable environment. Into this mixture of geo-politics and ideologies promoted by the super-powers, a complex situation has become more complicated leading countries to take sides and fight proxy wars. The 'migrants' and 'refugees' streamed in via various routes especially by crossing the Mediterranean. Whether these asylum seekers could be classified as migrants or refugees is contentious. One study examines how the very concepts of 'migrant' and 'refugee' are used in different contexts, and introduces questions about mobility, citizenship and the nation state. The media and the press continued to refer to the people leaving conflict zones as migrants looking for a better economic opportunity. Responsible journalists depicted refugees and their desperate situation in a balanced and sympathetic context but a majority of news media channels took the sensationalist and ideologically biased road, playing on people's anti-immigration sentiment, anxiety and fears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers migrations from the perspective of human security paradigm, with special focus on the Post World War II period. Even though the initial activities in establishing the concept of human security have been taken in mid-40s of the last century under the umbrella of United Nations, its affirmation in scientific and political circles is reached only in the aftermath of the Cold War era, when significant steps forward were made to extend the security agenda to non-military threats and other referent objects of security, outside the previously dominant state-centric approach. This is a concept that embodies the idea of multidimensional approach to security, which places human being and his daily exposure to different threats and disturbances that represent an existential threat in the center of scientific observations, making it indispensable in considering the contemporary migratory movements, especially multiple factors that affect them. A special focus of the paper is on determining the migration-related problems through the prism of two fundamental components of human security – freedom from fear (freedom from violence, oppression and persecution) and freedom from want (freedom from poverty, penury and misery), the insufficiency of which is accounted in certain parts of the world as a significant factor in making the decision to emigrate from country of origin.

Among the examples of heavenly bodies in the imagination of the Turkic nations, the Ulkar star and the examples related to its etiology occupy a special place. The Ulkar star in various theoretical sources and oral examples, is often referred to as a "cluster of stars" in Turkish folklore. While examining these examples, we feel that it is necessary to touch upon the naming of the Ulkar star first. In many research works and dictionaries, certain explanations have been given to this name. In some verbal examples, the star of Ulkar is called Ulkar, just as we express it. In the folklore of different Turkic nations, this star is expressed by different names. In the works of Turkmen scientists of the 11th-14th centuries, the star cluster Pleiades (Ulkar) is often mentioned. In Salar Baba's work, she is called Sureya, and in Gazi Burhaneddin's work, she is called Parvin. According to oral tradition widely spread among the Turkic nations, in ancient times Ulkar was the spirit that controlled the weather. Whenever the Ulkar begins to appear, the deadly cold and storms begin. In the examples, in most cases, there is talk about the material creation of the star. In another example, the origin of the name Ulkar is mentioned, and it is associated with a certain action. In the plots of examples with this theme, the motif of "going to sky" occupies a central place. The fact that the Ulkar was taken to the sky by another creature is also found in the imaginations of the Turkic nations. From all this, it can be concluded that in the worldview of the Turkic nations, the Ulkar star, which is associated with cold weather, was any creature on earth before transformation. Then that creature rose to the sky for various reasons and became the star of Ulkar

The Endangered dhole Cuon alpinus is a medium-sized canid that was historically distributed widely across East, Central, South and Southeast Asia. In Nepal, following heavy persecution during the 1970s and 1980s, the species was locally extirpated across large parts of the country. After decades of near absence, the dhole is reportedly showing signs of recovery in various areas of Nepal. We carried out three surveys using camera traps (resulting in a total of 6,550 camera-trap days), reviewed literature and interviewed herders and conservation practitioners (40 interviews) to determine the historical and current distribution of dholes in the country, and the species’ current status. Our camera traps recorded five images of dholes, and the literature review and interview survey provided further insights into the historical and current presence of dholes in Nepal. The combined findings suggest dholes have recolonized many areas where they had been locally extirpated, such as the Annapurna Conservation Area in central Nepal and the Tinjure–Milke–Jaljale forests in the eastern part of the country. Although these returns are encouraging, challenges remain for dhole recolonization, including conflict with livestock herders, human hunting of wild ungulates affecting the species’ prey base, increasing infrastructure development in forested areas, and diseases.

The arrival of Jews from Hungary to Uruguay occurred between 1920 and 1957. In this study we focus only on analyzing the experiences both in Hungary and in Uruguay of those who arrived during and after the Shoa. That is, of those who suffered persecution and attempted extermination for being Jews and of those who survived it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To establish the unfortunate influences of a violent, macho and corrupt environment on the patient (J), approximately forty years old, who, together with her family, was subjected to threats and persecution which forced them to move. Methodology: Psychoanalytic treatment of one year in psychoanalysis, four sessions a week and with the need to move since she worked in her city and had to travel every week to attend the sessions. Psychoanalysis focused on the countertransferential difficulties experienced. Results and Conclusions: Through the psychoanalytic work, after six months the emotional state and nightmares improved and the beginning of reparative functioning was detected in the oneiric material. Some conclusions were reached about aspects that influence violence in Colombia: machismo, fanaticism and corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analytically reviews the character of Sofia Petrovna in the novel Sofia Petrovna (Lidia, Chukovskaya, 1967/1988) in the context of the police persecutions carried out by the Stalinist regime between 1935 and 1938 known as the Great Terror. This novel, written clandestinely during that period, recounts Sofia's struggle to find out the whereabouts of her son Kolia, arrested for no apparent reason; the sterile determination of this mother from Leningrad in the face of the monstrous Soviet bureaucracy and her own stigmatization as a relative of an enemy of the people, are factors that constitute not only the fictional plot of this work, but also the silenced chronicle of millions of Soviet women. martyred to the point of destitution or death by the judicial and police bodies of the USSR, including the author herself, who lost her husband, the physicist Matvei Bronstein, during the purges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Moreana is the property of Edinburgh University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this article is to present an analysis of the rewriting work that Costa Rican author Ana Lucía Fonseca does of some exemplary biblical narratives, to give voice to figures that, from her perspective, represent dissidence, heresy, exile, rebellion, and persecution. We focus on the stories "La amante de Eva" and "Caín y las semillas". For the analysis, we follow the contributions of Herrero Cecilia (2006), who understands the myth --within a rewriting work-- as a "reference intertext", which is interpreted and reformulated by a writer in a new text. Consequently, we consider, in relation to the new texts, the transformations --by inclusion or exclusion-- that are introduced in their narrative schemes (always in relation to the "intertexts of reference"), as well as the ideological line that underlies in the specific message, in each of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article talks about the threat faced by the Rohingya people of losing their ethnic identity and how a new digital archive offers them the opportunity to preserve their cultural heritage. It is mentioned that the International Court of Justice is examining a case of genocide against the State of Myanmar for the persecution of the Rohingya people. To address the identity crisis, initiatives such as the Rohingya Cultural Memory Center and the Rohingya Historical Archive have been established, using digital media to promote Rohingya culture and preserve their history. The article highlights the practical challenges of digitally preserving Rohingya culture, including the precarious security situation of refugee communities and the diaspora, as well as concerns about the security and misuse of Rohingya people's data. It suggests educating communities about the importance of their cultural heritage and focusing on safer cultural preservation formats, such as oral storytelling. [Extracted from the article]

The Endangered dhole Cuon alpinus is a medium-sized canid that was historically distributed widely across East, Central, South and Southeast Asia. In Nepal, following heavy persecution during the 1970s and 1980s, the species was locally extirpated across large parts of the country. After decades of near absence, the dhole is reportedly showing signs of recovery in various areas of Nepal. We carried out three surveys using camera traps (resulting in a total of 6,550 camera-trap days), reviewed literature and interviewed herders and conservation practitioners (40 interviews) to determine the historical and current distribution of dholes in the country, and the species' current status. Our camera traps recorded five images of dholes, and the literature review and interview survey provided further insights into the historical and current presence of dholes in Nepal. The combined findings suggest dholes have recolonized many areas where they had been locally extirpated, such as the Annapurna Conservation Area in central Nepal and the Tinjure–Milke–Jaljale forests in the eastern part of the country. Although these returns are encouraging, challenges remain for dhole recolonization, including conflict with livestock herders, human hunting of wild ungulates affecting the species' prey base, increasing infrastructure development in forested areas, and diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wakalah is a concept in Islamic law that allows a person to appoint a representative or agent to carry out tasks or transactions on their behalf. A wakalah agreement is an agreement where the first party gives power or mandatory to the second party. It is impossible for each individual to handle all matters only by themselves. Therefore, Allah SWT has established rules about how the wakalah contract can be carried out, providing benefits for us. Wakalah comes from words "wakalah-yakilu-waklan", which means submission or giving authority to a representative. Wakalah can be interpreted as handing over tasks that a person can carry out independetly to another person, so that the person carries out these tasks throughout his life. This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of wakalah from the perspective of Islamic law, as well as identifying the key aspects involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persecution is an arbitary act against other person with the aim of torturing and intentionally causing pain and injury. An abuse can be happened to anyone, especially to a child. Child abuse is a serious problem and it is requires more attention on the legal aspect. Persecution is an act that against the law and is contrary to the implementation of human rights, where all humans have their right to lives. This research aims to analyze thr causes, impacts, and legal protection toward children whose a victim of children abuse. By using a normative legal approach with a normative juridical approach methods which is carried out by examining theories, concepts, and related legislations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]