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This article examines how Reformed pastors' understanding and exercise of their office shaped their response to Anabaptists living in rural parishes of the Swiss Confederation in the seventeenth century. In the wake of Swiss reformations, illicit Anabaptist communities continued to represent a threat to territorial religious unity and the Reformed clergy's spiritual leadership, but the precise contours of their activity and social influence at a village level remained obscure. In the absence of a clear picture of dissent, Reformed churchmen endeavored to make Anabaptism visible, employing tools of information management, into which their training had initiated them. A series of cases from rural jurisdictions (the counties (Landvogteien) of Kyburg and Grüningen) and a seat of ecclesiastical power (Zurich) illustrate how documentary production, organization, and activation consistently drove this project forward. These means rendered Anabaptist life perceptible, facilitating and justifying its elimination by Reformed governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commentary that Pierre Antoine Le Motteux (1663-1718) added to the English translations of Rabelais that he issued in 1694, in which he interpreted the comic episodes of Gargantua and Pantagruel as "satirical allegories" on historical events and personalities in sixteenth-century France, has been mocked by commentators from Alexander Pope to Mikhail Bakhtin as a narrow, philistine way to read literature. This article recovers the personal context of religious persecution and forced migration that shaped the approach to reading Rabelais of Motteux, a Huguenot refugee in post-Revolutionary London. It also recovers the public context in which Motteux's translation and commentary were composed and published, relating them to the principles espoused by leading Whig writers, publishers, and politicians. Finally, it is suggested that Motteux's approach to Rabelais as an allegory that can be deciphered with the correct historical "key" influenced notable instances in the eighteenth-century development of English comic fiction, including Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels (1726) and Laurence Sterne's A Political Romance (1759). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues for the need to discuss religious freedom in stable countries as a means to enhance religious literacy and engagement through mutual respect. This paper explores the confrontations that occurred between the church and the people in the colonial era, as well as the disputes between the church and the state in postcolonial Malawi, focusing specifically on the persecution faced by Jehovah's Witnesses. The study highlights the importance of implementing principles of covenantal pluralism to address the historical persecution of religious minority groups in Malawi, which has often been overlooked due to the country's stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A constant sense of othering constitutes the core of the Romani diasporic experience. This otherness was not a transient phenomenon in the Romani diasporic history. Its constancy was seemingly unending. It began with their unfortunate exit from India under the historical imperatives characterised by foreign invasion and forced slavery. What followed thereafter embodies the history of the Roma diasporic experience. A deep sense of being othered unequivocally acquired constancy as they moved on under different historical compulsions and forces from Afghanistan, Iran and Turkey to Europe. In Europe, they experienced, contrary to their perception of finding a better ground for an assumed difference, othering in its sinister form. Their movement in Europe and to America subsequently was underlined with servitude, subjection and a deep sense of humiliation. Therefore, this article divides the Roma diasporic experience into three distinct categories—migration, persecution and statelessness—to present the nature of this experience and the acute sense of the othering ingrained therein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Monumenta Serica: Journal of Oriental Studies is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Rohingya issue is one of the most devastating humanitarian crises of the current century as more than a million Rohingyas fled to Bangladesh because of Myanmar persecution. Although the process of repatriation is still considered to be the main key to solving this problem, providing the Rohingya people with a qualitatively safe and worthy return is not without difficulties. This study examines Rohingya repatriation by assessing the interaction between human rights and policies. The concerns namely security and statelessness and legal identity which are central to the question of viability of repartees are discussed. The political legal and practical barriers inside Myanmar and other reforms on the global level are also explored. The study evaluates the effectiveness of the current frameworks of repatriation by reviewing the present repatriation agreements and policy documents, as well as by pointing to further gaps that could exist to serve the human rights aspect and as for the far more pragmatic concept of policy implementation. It argues that both the idea that sustainable repatriation can be achieved without considering human rights consequences and the idea that can be achieved without effective policy solutions are useless. Based on the observations and arguments made in the study, the following recommendations are made: The return process should be safe, voluntary, and dignified for the Rohingya; the international community should increase its commitment to and engagement for human rights protection in Myanmar and other countries, including Bangladesh; and the latter should respect the existing and future international human rights norms and ensure their application across the territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anlässlich einer Ausstellungsübernahme wurde von der Provenienzforschung der Bayerischen Staatsgemäldesammlungen in München erstmals die Provenienz von Fotografien von Aenne Biermann (1898–1933) überprüft. In einem intensiven fachlichen Austausch zwischen der kunsthistorischen Forschung zur Fotografin einerseits und der Provenienzforschung zu den Themen Fluchtgut in Italien, Beschlagnahme von Liftvans in Auswandererhäfen und den sogenannten Operationszonen Adriatisches Küstenland und Alpenvorland andererseits gelang es, den Weg der Objekte zu rekonstruieren. Gleichzeitig konnten die Biografie der Künstlerin und die ihrer vom Nationalsozialismus verfolgten Familie um viele Details ergänzt werden. The provenance research team at the Bavarian State Painting Collections in Munich first looked into the provenance of the photographs of Aenne Biermann (1898–1933) on taking over an exhibition of her work. Through an intensive dialogue between art historical research on the photographer on the one hand and the provenance research investigating fugitive property in Italy, the confiscation of liftvans in emigration ports and the so-called operation zones of the Adriatic coast and in the Alpine foothills on the other hand, the team was able to reconstruct the path taken by the objects. Its work also added some pertinent details to the artist's own life story and that of her family, who were persecuted by the Nazis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Kirkuk University Humanity Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Credible fear determinations occur at the intersection of two statutory schemes: expedited removal, which subjects undocumented persons who seek to enter the United States to removal without a hearing; and asylum, a form of protection available to individuals who fear persecution on account of their race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Education in historical and democratic memory. Curriculum and experiences in formal education, non-formal education, and teacher training" highlights the importance of educating in historical and democratic memory from the Didactics of Social Sciences. Topics such as the persecution of teachers during Franco's regime, teacher training in different national and international contexts, and educational experiences in historical and democratic memory at various educational stages are addressed. It promotes a critical reflection on memory as a tool to build a citizenship committed to freedom and human rights. [Extracted from the article]

Chambers of Rhetoric in Flanders, Brabant, Holland and Zeeland opened themselves up to the new religious ideas, especially in the 1530s. These were discussed among their members and the Scriptures were read and conversed upon. The results of their reflections were written down and performed in allegorical plays (spelen van sinne), biblical plays, refrains and songs. In this essay particular attention will be paid to how the staging of biblical figures and stories was not only a means to propagate the new "evangelical" ideas among the audience, but also a way to criticize the persecution of the same by the imperial and ecclesiastical authorities. To that purpose a closer analysis is offered of a play entitled De Bekeeringe Pauli (The Conversion of Paul), which was based upon Acts 9:1–19. Most probably the play was created by the Chamber of Rhetoric De Goudbloem (Marigold), which was active in Vilvoorde near Brussels. The essay will further illustrate how these "religiously-politically incorrect" plays induced the authorities to take increasingly stringent measures against the performance of rhetoricians' plays in the Low Countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reconstructs the influence of Jesuit missionary writings focusing on China on the emergence of a distinctive conception of toleration. The article highlights the often neglected contributions of Pierre Bayle. After a brief reconstruction of key elements of the Sino‐European encounter, such as the Kangxi Emperor's edict of toleration, the paper describes how Bayle's interpretation of the China Mission contributed to a critique of religious persecution in France and enabled him to develop a defense of a rationalist approach to toleration. The article demonstrates that Bayle's knowledge of China and his methodology of intercultural changes in perspective contributed to the development of an original conception of reciprocal toleration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the political persecution unleashed during the post-war period by McCarthyism, which led to the systematic accusation and harassment of American citizens for their leftist beliefs or Communist Party affiliations. This campaign of rumors and denunciations was particularly aggressive against film industry professionals, notably the Hollywood Ten. The emotional climate of the era was charged with fear and anger, emotions that were vividly manifested in the experiences of those targeted. By analyzing the correspondence and screenwriting of Dalton Trumbo, including his work on films like Papillon, this article examines the impact of this persecution and the strategies Trumbo used to confront the U.S. government, survive the blacklist, and sustain his career. It traces his journey from self-exile in Mexico, writing under pseudonyms, and using front names, to his eventual return and recognition in Hollywood. This analysis highlights the importance of constructing a cultural history that captures the collective emotional experiences of communities affected by such events, and it shows how Trumbo’s personal ordeals influenced the dialogues and narratives of the films he contributed to.

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of India’s Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) of 2019, focusing on its origins, objectives, and far-reaching consequences, particularly concerning its alignment with the constitutional principles of secularism and equality. The CAA facilitates the acquisition of Indian citizenship for persecuted religious minorities from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, explicitly excluding Muslims. This has sparked national and international debate over its potential to undermine the secular fabric of the Indian Constitution, particularly concerning Article 14, which guarantees equality before the law. Through a legal and constitutional lens, the paper critically examines the broader implications of the CAA on religious minorities, its intersection with the National Register of Citizens (NRC), and concerns about statelessness. Drawing on scholarly critiques, it explores the Act’s impact on India’s inclusive identity, the potential marginalization of minority communities, and the socio-political challenges posed by its implementation. The paper advocates for re-evaluating citizenship laws to align with India’s democratic principles, ensuring social cohesion and protection of human rights.

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of India's Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) of 2019, focusing on its origins, objectives, and far-reaching consequences, particularly concerning its alignment with the constitutional principles of secularism and equality. The CAA facilitates the acquisition of Indian citizenship for persecuted religious minorities from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, explicitly excluding Muslims. This has sparked national and international debate over its potential to undermine the secular fabric of the Indian Constitution, particularly concerning Article 14, which guarantees equality before the law. Through a legal and constitutional lens, the paper critically examines the broader implications of the CAA on religious minorities, its intersection with the National Register of Citizens (NRC), and concerns about statelessness. Drawing on scholarly critiques, it explores the Act's impact on India's inclusive identity, the potential marginalization of minority communities, and the socio-political challenges posed by its implementation. The paper advocates for re-evaluating citizenship laws to align with India's democratic principles, ensuring social cohesion and protection of human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the political persecution unleashed during the post-war period by McCarthyism, which led to the systematic accusation and harassment of American citizens for their leftist beliefs or Communist Party affiliations. This campaign of rumors and denunciations was particularly aggressive against film industry professionals, notably the Hollywood Ten. The emotional climate of the era was charged with fear and anger, emotions that were vividly manifested in the experiences of those targeted. By analyzing the correspondence and screenwriting of Dalton Trumbo, including his work on films like Papillon, this article examines the impact of this persecution and the strategies Trumbo used to confront the U.S. government, survive the blacklist, and sustain his career. It traces his journey from self-exile in Mexico, writing under pseudonyms, and using front names, to his eventual return and recognition in Hollywood. This analysis highlights the importance of constructing a cultural history that captures the collective emotional experiences of communities affected by such events, and it shows how Trumbo’s personal ordeals influenced the dialogues and narratives of the films he contributed to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a hypothesis about the identity of the Victor Mattaritanus who, as attested by Cassiodorus, produced a "corrected Augustinian edition" of a work by John Cassian, most probably Collatio 13. He would have been a bishop of Mactaris (Maktar, Tunisia) in the province of Byzacena, deported to Sardinia under the reign of the Vandal king Thrasamund, who joined the monastic community established by Fulgentius of Ruspe in Cagliari. This community housed a rich library and an active scriptorium and soon became a stronghold of Augustinianism, but it is very likely that the works of Cassian, an author dear to Fulgentius, were also widely read, copied, and edited there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay will examine the involvement of some schools in the anti-Jewish campaign and the spread of racism after the 1938 laws in Italy. The essay focuses on the didactic activity of teachers in certain primary schools in the school records of Rome, Turin and Potenza provinces, delving into regional diversity while providing a national perspective. In particular, the essay examines class registers, which contain information on planning of didactic activies, in-classe teaching and, more general, everyday school life; school records are also examined. The goal is both to verify the spread of racism inside the classroom starting in Autumn 1938, and to reflect upon the teachers' support of Fascist racism as well as the significance of that support under a regime aiming to be totalitarian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The focus of this scoping review is to identify studies, reports, and other relevant sources from the peer-reviewed and grey literature that reports on refugee children's access and barriers to portable identity, education, and health records at different stages during the migration process. The child refugee crisis has become a global concern as many individuals risk their lives to escape the political violence, persecution, and war. Forcibly displaced children face the genuine challenge of being unable to acquire documents pre-migration or having documents lost, stolen, or destroyed during transit. Still, little is known about refugee children's challenges when accessing and maintaining personal records while moving within and across borders. We will consolidate existing information and analyze the barriers that limit access to identity, education, and health records at different stages of migration and the policies and practices to address record portability and interoperability problems. This work is part of a program of study that seeks to understand the institutional, social, and political aspects of a refugee child's environment that potentiate their resilience under conditions of extreme stress. The study included academic literature focused on the production, preservation, or transmission of records pertaining to identification, education, or health of refugee children, adolescents, and young adults. The review process was limited to documents written in the English language. We employed the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley1 for the methodological synthesis of research, as well as the modifications recommended by Levac and colleagues.2 Results of the search strategy were compiled and presented using the extended reporting guidelines for scoping reviews, as suggested by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA).3 Several bibliographic and grey literature databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Tandfonline, Proquest, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, Google Scholar, Google search engine, and UN agency websites, were searched to identify relevant studies. Using electronic literature searches, 87 articles were identified, of which 8 were deemed eligible for inclusion in this study. In addition, we identified 7 news articles and 10 reports from international organizations, most of which were focused on issues related to education record portability, as well as initiatives aimed at recognizing digital credentials for refugee young people. All eligible documents were categorized into three themes based on the analysis targets: (1) examining the challenges faced by refugees in utilizing humanitarian identity systems; (2) highlighting the need for digital credentials for refugees; and (3) exploring the potential benefits of digital health interventions for refugees. Specifically, our search showed that digital identity systems need to be more flexible and tailored to individual refugee needs. With regard to education records, the retrieved grey literature prioritizes adults' needs, but adopting digital credentials and blockchain technology may solve traditional recognition systems' constraints, ensuring that refugee children's education is also supported. In contrast, digital health interventions, including EHRs and mobile health applications, have been better studied and shown to positively impact healthcare access, patient outcomes, and chronic disease management for refugees in high-resource host countries. Despite this potential for positive outcomes, the portability of health records remains an under-researched and under-resourced area of a refugee child's life. The increasing number of refugee children globally necessitates urgent solutions to address their need for portable identity, education, and health records. This review highlights the potential of digital interventions to improve refugee children's lives, including their resettlement outcomes. Furthermore, recent innovations like blockchain technology and digital credentials offer promising solutions for advancing equity for refugee children. Developing adaptable digital solutions and resources can enhance refugee children's access to health and education services, while also enabling them to obtain necessary documentation and identity verification for accessing basic rights and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do some Christian foreign mission groups dispatch missionaries to some culturally and politically risky states where they face personal risks and political entanglements? Using world polity theory, I argue that local religious groups' motivations are driven by their involvement in international religious networks, which mobilize missionaries to go to places such as Muslim countries. Based on 30 semistructured interviews with South Korean missionaries and leaders of churches and mission organizations, I illuminate that globally shared discourse of unreached people encouraged missionaries to volunteer to go to high‐risk states. I also suggest that Korean religious actors did not passively accept the influence of the international discourse but also reconstructed the discourse. The study also highlights that a missionary's dual identity as a religious actor and another profession to get a visa in high‐risk countries is bound up with the state's surveillance and potential persecution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the tendency of some modern scholars to mark Augustine as the father of religious coercion, the Second Vatican Council (1962–65) cites him as a principal source for freedom of conscience. This essay presents evidence from Augustine's letters and anti-Donatist writings to show that he both upheld freedom of conscience and maintained a vital role for state force. The essay shows that far from simply providing a Christian justification for the use of state force against non-Catholics, Augustine most notably imposed the limits of Christian charity on a long history of state-sponsored religious persecution. Only by the charitable and paternal application of discipline by the state would many Donatists be truly free to follow their conscience. In this way, those persecuted for being in schism could attain freedom by coercion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hiding from war, violence, and persecution in a secret, confined place affects the subjectivity of the occupants. The hideout's material properties and the hiders' silence to avoid detection enter deep into their lives. This co-constitution of subjectivity and hiding becomes manifest in their affects, feelings, and emotions, as will be illustrated by an analysis of Anne Frank's lived experience of hiding for two years from Nazi persecution. She and her fellow hiders maintained a regime of silence in the secret annex of a canal house in Amsterdam to prevent their discovery and deportation. The hideout's material and social restrictions created a subjectivity of hiding that devalued Anne Frank's existence as a human being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the views of Jews in the early eleventh century on issues of rulership and power through analysis of a Hebrew text known as the '1007 Anonymous'. The article opens with a discussion of this work's account of practices of lordship, showing that its protagonist is presented as a lord. It then turns to examine papal involvement in the power struggles that characterised France, concluding that the protagonist's appeal to the papacy was at the time a common practice. It moves on to analyse anti-Jewish rhetoric and its underlying political messages, presenting it as a manifestation of power narratives. Finally, the article reframes the Hebrew account as evidence of Jewish attempts to cope with the rise of new practices of rulership in early eleventh century France, and as depicting a Jewish-Christian dispute over the symbolic role (or lack thereof) of the Jews within this political dynamic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beginning with early studies in the 1970s, dehumanisation has become a key feature in attempts to grasp the fundamental dynamics and conditions under which mass atrocities emerge. One of the most long-standing, prominent and widely accepted conceptions sees the loss of moral status as a key constitutive component of processes of dehumanisation, suggesting that the victims' exclusion from the moral universe of obligation breaks down moral barriers, enabling forms of persecution outside the established practices of violence among human communities. With reference to the paradigmatic case of the Holocaust, this article critically interrogates this so far unquestioned equation of a loss of moral standing with dehumanisation. Overall, it argues for a much more nuanced differentiation between normative and analytical uses of dehumanisation, the need for more detailed reflections on its empirical appearances and relevance, and a more critical engagement with its conceptual grounding. Doing so will lead dehumanisation research beyond its current state and would allow for a more intricate assessment of its uses, meanings and relevance in cases of mass violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is war a social trauma? The question appears to be self-evident as war per se disrupts the expected, destroys safety, overwhelms people and brings suffering and destruction to entire nations. Nevertheless, war was initially excluded from the psychoanalytical theory of social trauma, which was conceptualized using the paradigm of persecution and genocide. The article deals with this exclusion and discusses the question of the comparability of war and genocide as well as the psychosocial consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the persecution and religious oppression William Byrd faced, his compositional process was forced to be more intricate, innovative, and creative. Consequently, he penned some of the greatest music England has ever seen. Elizabethan England's history shows how the tenor of Byrd's relationship with Elizabeth I is deeply ironic, as Elizabeth protected Byrd from the persecution that she afflicted upon him. Even though many of Byrd's works appear docilely Anglican upon first glance, a deeper analysis reveals many hidden allusions to his Catholic beliefs, developing a masterful level of complexity to his compositions. Many of his motets had double meanings inherent in their composition. Byrd's most exquisite music achieved that status because of his underlying expression of his non-compliant beliefs and spiritual character of musical inspiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article notes that the integration of social media into our daily lives has led to the blurring of the boundaries between work and personal space and, as a result, the growth of harassment on social media. Based on various statistics and international studies, it can be argued that harassment at work, especially sexual harassment, is a complex, unresolved problem for many companies around the world, and the constant growth of remote work that began during the pandemic directly leads to an increase in complaints about aggressive actions on the Internet. The authors of the article point out that harassment on social media in the workplace does not have to be limited to traditional working hours, and the harasser can be not only a colleague, manager, or technical staff, but also a client, supplier, etc. To effectively combat harassment in the workplace, organizations must first develop a zero-tolerance policy against harassment or any other form of discrimination and cultivate a culture of empathy. However, a policy or training alone is not enough if there is no detailed and effective mechanism for reporting harassment to a manager or an authorized body at the enterprise. The article analyzes the foreign and national experience of the procedure for reporting harassment and protecting violated rights. The author concludes that since Ukrainian legislation does not define harassment and does not establish liability for such actions, employees have the opportunity to protect their rights only within the framework of the Law of Ukraine "On Ensuring Equal Rights and Opportunities for Men and Women" and the Law of Ukraine "On Principles of Prevention and Combating Discrimination in Ukraine". Therefore, the issue of supplementing national legislation with such a term as harassment, defining its possible forms and establishing liability, as was done, for example, with regard to mobbing, is now an urgent one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article will discuss my experience as an immigration attorney representing a gay man from Afghanistan fleeing the Taliban. First, it will give an overview of the Taliban’s role in Afghanistan and the Taliban takeover in August 2021. It will then discuss the treatment of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals in Afghanistan. Next, the article will discuss how I became involved in representing individuals fleeing Afghanistan and the humanitarian parole process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian state is a state of law, based on Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This means that within the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, the law must be upheld and become a means of carrying out activities in all aspects of national and state life. Laws that uphold human rights and guarantee equal status before the law are required to respond to all problems and conflicting interests of society. The problem formulation is how to resolve criminal acts of abuse through restorative justice in the Bali regional police? And what are the obstacles in resolving criminal acts of abuse through restorative justice in the Bali regional police? The research method in this case is empirical research, descriptive research, the data source is primary data; secondary data; and tertiary data, data collection techniques namely observation; interview; and documentation, and data processing and data analysis techniques, namely descriptive qualitative. Resolving criminal acts of abuse through Restorative Justice in the jurisdiction of the Bali Regional Police is carried out by integrating three forms of law enforcement, namely preemptive, preventive and repressive. However, the obstacles to this resolution are the lack of eyewitnesses, lack of human resources for law enforcement, and the trauma suffered by victims which is difficult to remove, so psychological support and long-term therapy are really needed to help victims recover emotionally and mentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers migrations from the perspective of human security paradigm, with special focus on the Post World War II period. Even though the initial activities in establishing the concept of human security have been taken in mid-40s of the last century under the umbrella of United Nations, its affirmation in scientific and political circles is reached only in the aftermath of the Cold War era, when significant steps forward were made to extend the security agenda to non-military threats and other referent objects of security, outside the previously dominant state-centric approach. This is a concept that embodies the idea of multidimensional approach to security, which places human being and his daily exposure to different threats and disturbances that represent an existential threat in the center of scientific observations, making it indispensable in considering the contemporary migratory movements, especially multiple factors that affect them. A special focus of the paper is on determining the migration-related problems through the prism of two fundamental components of human security – freedom from fear (freedom from violence, oppression and persecution) and freedom from want (freedom from poverty, penury and misery), the insufficiency of which is accounted in certain parts of the world as a significant factor in making the decision to emigrate from country of origin.

Among the examples of heavenly bodies in the imagination of the Turkic nations, the Ulkar star and the examples related to its etiology occupy a special place. The Ulkar star in various theoretical sources and oral examples, is often referred to as a "cluster of stars" in Turkish folklore. While examining these examples, we feel that it is necessary to touch upon the naming of the Ulkar star first. In many research works and dictionaries, certain explanations have been given to this name. In some verbal examples, the star of Ulkar is called Ulkar, just as we express it. In the folklore of different Turkic nations, this star is expressed by different names. In the works of Turkmen scientists of the 11th-14th centuries, the star cluster Pleiades (Ulkar) is often mentioned. In Salar Baba's work, she is called Sureya, and in Gazi Burhaneddin's work, she is called Parvin. According to oral tradition widely spread among the Turkic nations, in ancient times Ulkar was the spirit that controlled the weather. Whenever the Ulkar begins to appear, the deadly cold and storms begin. In the examples, in most cases, there is talk about the material creation of the star. In another example, the origin of the name Ulkar is mentioned, and it is associated with a certain action. In the plots of examples with this theme, the motif of "going to sky" occupies a central place. The fact that the Ulkar was taken to the sky by another creature is also found in the imaginations of the Turkic nations. From all this, it can be concluded that in the worldview of the Turkic nations, the Ulkar star, which is associated with cold weather, was any creature on earth before transformation. Then that creature rose to the sky for various reasons and became the star of Ulkar

The Endangered dhole Cuon alpinus is a medium-sized canid that was historically distributed widely across East, Central, South and Southeast Asia. In Nepal, following heavy persecution during the 1970s and 1980s, the species was locally extirpated across large parts of the country. After decades of near absence, the dhole is reportedly showing signs of recovery in various areas of Nepal. We carried out three surveys using camera traps (resulting in a total of 6,550 camera-trap days), reviewed literature and interviewed herders and conservation practitioners (40 interviews) to determine the historical and current distribution of dholes in the country, and the species’ current status. Our camera traps recorded five images of dholes, and the literature review and interview survey provided further insights into the historical and current presence of dholes in Nepal. The combined findings suggest dholes have recolonized many areas where they had been locally extirpated, such as the Annapurna Conservation Area in central Nepal and the Tinjure–Milke–Jaljale forests in the eastern part of the country. Although these returns are encouraging, challenges remain for dhole recolonization, including conflict with livestock herders, human hunting of wild ungulates affecting the species’ prey base, increasing infrastructure development in forested areas, and diseases.

Initially a valedictory lecture, this essay discusses the question for which motives people joined the Christians in the second and third centuries. It analyzes the conversion accounts of Justin Martyr, Tatian the Assyrian, Clement of Alexandria, Gregory the Wonderworker, Cyprian of Carthage, and the story about Thecla of Iconium. Next, it pays attention to the role of simple preachers, the Roman persecutions, and especially the love and care that Christians displayed to both fellow-believers and non-Christian friends and neighbors during plagues. With reference to Cyprian of Carthage and Dionysius of Alexandria and in agreement with Rodney Stark it is argued that someone who was supported was more likely to survive the pandemic than those who were abandoned by their relatives and friends. It is likely that therefore such non-Christians have converted thanks to their experiences with Christians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The four-part paper using the contextual method, which means the method of compilation and content analysis, presents chronologically the discourse and fiveyear engagement, i.e. the activities and contributions of the Serbian Orthodox Church in overcoming the “Migrant Crisis (2015)” in the period 2017-2021. The main thesis of the paper is the culmination of the “Migrant Crisis (2015)” and the engagement of the Serbian Orthodox Church on media, social, and ecumenical levels. The sources we used in the paper were official announcements, encyclicals, episcopal homilies, diocesan magazines and interviews by His Holiness Patriarch Porfirije and bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benjamin's essay Toward the Critique of Violence has often irritated readers. This is even more true of his concept of divine violence, which is defined as "law-annihilating" and goes against legally sanctioned state sovereignty. In this paper, I present a new reading of both Benjamin's essay and divine violence. Against an apocalyptic tendency of Benjamin, I argue that divine violence can only be an instrument of justice if it is understood as violence suffered rather than perpetrated. This is especially the case where people suffer persecution – imprisonment, torture, death – as a result of nonviolent resistance to an oppressive political regime. Only where such resistant suffering occurs, can violence properly be called divine. Only then does it offer a perspective beyond the never-ending atrocities of human history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on noteworthy reports and surveys on international religious freedom and persecution in various countries. Topics discussed include annual global surveys on religious freedom; the challenges faced by religious minorities in various nations; regional reports on specific countries like Nigeria and Afghanistan; and updates on religious freedom violations in nations such as Cuba, India and Turkey.

Pakistan has a long history of persecuting minority faith groups. It ranked seventh on the 2024 Open Doors World Watch List, and the 2024 Annual Report published by the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom recommended designating Pakistan as a Country of Particular Concern due to its worsening religious freedom conditions for Christians and other religious minorities. The persecution affects all age groups. However, this paper focuses on Christian children, portraying the persecution of minors as a multi-dimensional phenomenon that affects their whole life, impeding their religious, educational, and professional development. Selected persecution cases are provided as illustrations, accompanied by the description of corresponding aid projects by Voice of the Martyrs Poland, launched to assist Pakistani minors and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the relationship between religious persecution, family disruption and the transmission of faith across generations. Topics discussed include the impact of family stability on religious attendance; how persecution weakens family structures and disrupts faith transmission; and hypotheses about the consequences of religious persecution on family unity, the long-term effects of persecution strategies targeting family structures.

During the nineteenth century, anticlerical and secularist sectors gained ground. Upon reaching the twentieth century, among the strategies that the Catholics worldwide used to try to stop this advance, it stands out that they usually presented themselves as persecuted by the governments promoting secularizing measures, freedom of religion, or laws to separate the State from the Church. For many Catholics of the time, these measures were practically synonymous with religious persecution, a term they used to refer to very different phenomena, as is proven by the cases of Mexico, Czechoslovakia, and Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have found restrictions on minority faith-based communities to be related to the onset of violent religious hostilities. Absent from this work, though, is a consideration of the fact that minority religious discrimination can take different forms, and, consequently, may encourage violence in different ways. This paper seeks to fill this void by examining different forms of minority religious restrictions and their relationship to religious violence. Specifically, we analyze the comparative strength of three basic types of religious discrimination—restrictions on minority religious practices, restrictions on minority religious institutions, and restrictions on conversion and proselytizing —on violence carried out by both religious majority groups and religious minority groups. Interestingly, our analysis shows all three forms of restrictions encourage violence from religious majorities, but not from minorities. We supplement the statistical analysis with a case study of faith-based discrimination and violent religious hostilities in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To those who find genuine dialogue embracing difference nearly impossible in an atmosphere of hate and violent polarization, Martin Buber's notion of the "unity of contraries" can seem absurd. In response, this article contends that the unity-of-contraries approach requires dialogic courage. This article explores the connections between the unity of contraries, the absurd, and dialogic courage through the case study of Mother Catherine Abrikosova and the Russian Dominican Catholic community she founded amid twentieth century Soviet persecution of Catholics. Her heroic communicative response to the absurdity of Soviet censorship, religious intolerance, and violence was informed by a unity-of-contraries identity that flourished rather than decayed as a result of radical difference. Together with the coordinates of Alasdair MacIntyre's notion of networks of giving and receiving and Ronald C. Arnett's concept of tenacious hope, dialogic courage is proposed as an essential communicative orientation for the current historical moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article proposes an analysis of the confrontation between Manichaeism and Late Antique heresiology regarding the figure of Jesus. Manichean Christology is a particularly complex subject. However, most heresiologists have stereotyped Manichean beliefs, and assimilated them to Monophysitism, and especially the most extreme ramifications, which were Docetic or questioned the authenticity of the incarnation of God. Therefore, the accusation of Manichaeism plays a fundamental role in the Christological controversies of Late Antiquity. Contemporary to the development of these stereotypes, there is a small group of sources, from the end of the fifth and the beginning of the sixth centuries, that move away from these stereotypes and report various Christological doctrines closer to Manichaean sources. These texts seem to indicate that, during this period, Christian writers had access to information unknown to their predecessors, which coincided with the last persecution of Manichaeism in the Eastern Mediterranean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is causing drastic impacts across the world. Temperature change, rising sea levels, and frequent disasters like floods are increasing. People are forced to flee their homeland since their place becomes inhabitable, leaving them homeless as refugees. But policies have yet to be created specifically to deal with climate refugees. Although terminologies like 'climate refugee' and 'environmental refugee' have been used interchangeably, this research uses the term 'climate refugee' to call attention to the social, economic, and political variables and how displaced people are moved and resettled. South Asian countries are highly prone to climate change impacts and produce climate refugees. In particular, this paper will examine India, where highly vulnerable populations are left homeless due to climate change impacts. This study is historical, descriptive and analytical in nature and has depended on primary sources like documents from the Government of India and secondary sources like books, journals for the purpose of analysis. The study concludes that the legal status of climate refugees is still a cliffhanger and recommends a more inclusive definition of refugees in international laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]