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Agropastoral practices that historically reduced the flammability of Mediterranean landscapes are poorly understood due to state prohibitions and lack of scientific interest. Oral histories, analysis of agronomical writings, transect walks, and ethnographic study of fire managers and community members in the Monte Pisano of Italy, find legacies of traditional agropastoral practices in present-day landscapes. Forest leaf litter raking, largely carried out by women, combined with fire wood cutting and burning to greatly reduce fire risk. Historic stigmatization of traditional burning and ignoring gendered peasant labor have reduced contemporary scientists' and fire managers' understandings of ecological processes and of options for reducing fire risk. Fire managers in the Mediterranean, and in areas around the world affected by rural depopulation, would benefit from a better understanding of traditional agropastoral and fire management practices. Litter raking has been understudied outside Central Europe, is often gendered, and may have important ecological consequences around the world.

This article examines how the narrative of the plurinational state provided the common symbolic framework for the conflict over the Isiboro Sécure Indigenous Territory and National Park (Tipnis) in Bolivia in 2011. The central dispute, one of the most important in Bolivia’s recent history, was whether or not to construct a highway through this area, a debate that has led to a major rift between peasant and indigenous social organizations that shared common reivindicative imaginaries but ultimately experienced profound divisions. This discussion serves as a key observation point to understand how decolonization imaginaries actually function, which I consider a anchoring point (point du capiton) in the narrative of the plurinational state. Through discourse analysis, review of chronicles, press statements, and accounts of the VIII Indigenous March, I aim to identify the discursive threads that framed the debates on decolonization, showing that it can be used as a rhetorical tool to mask extractivism or defend “national sovereignty,” or as an argument to uphold the self-determination of indigenous peoples. I also examine how the repertoire of the indigenous march was constructed discursively and symbolically, and the impact it left on Bolivia’s recent history. I intend for this analysis to contribute to understanding how Bolivian social perceptions are shaped in relation to the narrative of the plurinational state and its potential for social transformation as a new regime of truth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the evolution of spatial constraints around Soviet cities and other sensitive zones, especially in Ukraine and Russia, arguing that banishment and residency prohibition was a consistent and significant element of Bolshevik policy from the revolution onwards, and not just from the start of passportisation of the early 1930s. It traces the development of legislation and extra-legal practices that led to the banishment and barring of multiple (and ever-increasing numbers of) categories of citizens from Russian and Ukrainian metropolitan areas and the zones around them, and also from other zones deemed in need of special protection. The article also traces the particular constellation of anxieties about nationalism, the peasantry and the border, which made Ukraine proportionally the most spatially restricted Soviet republic during Stalinism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the literary contributions of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, a Russian Nobel Laureate, and his belief in the power of literature to convey the truth of the human soul. Solzhenitsyn's most famous work, "The Gulag Archipelago," is described as a blend of memoir, history, indictment of the Soviet gulag system, and philosophical and spiritual meditation. The article highlights Solzhenitsyn's critique of totalitarianism and his emphasis on moral self-improvement and the care of the soul. It also discusses his belief in the importance of free will, Providence, and moral conscience. [Extracted from the article]

In 2017, the Landless Workers Movement (MST) institutionalised a lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) collective as part of its representative claims on behalf of the marginalised. This study explains the conditions preceding such representation and how this is now negotiated by the MST and its members in the context of land justice in Brazil. In addition, it discusses the construction of peasant and LGBT as bounded political identities. The argument presented is that the coupling of peasant and LGBT representations relies on a convergence of events happening locally and globally, which – in addition to granting the MST important representational value – has resulted in improved living conditions for sexual and gender minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sheds light on the economic aspect of Kashmir under Sikh rule with the main focus being on the taxation system. The banking and taxation mechanism that ran in Kashmir was unique compared to the rest of India. Different weights and measures, land measuring instruments that were in vogue have also been studied. Apart from this, an attempt has been made to study the coins and currencies that were in use at that time. Moreover, an attempt has been made to bring forward the role of money lenders, their exorbitant interest rates and the deplorable conditions of the peasants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses two books that explore different aspects of the Russian revolutions of the 19th century. The first book, "Utopia's Discontents" by Faith Hillis, focuses on the anti-government group of émigrés and exiles who created "concrete utopias" in European cities. The second book, "1837: Russia's Quiet Revolution" by Paul W. Werth, examines the imperial supporters who believed in God, the tsar, and tradition. The article highlights the diverse nature of these colonies, the changing ideologies and personal relationships within them, and the complex relationship between the Bolsheviks and the outside world. The article acknowledges the significance of understanding nineteenth-century Russia in order to comprehend contemporary global challenges and the complexities of historical change. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores relationships between male combatants and women in the Soviet Union between 1941 and 1944, based on the case of the Soviet partisans. It analyzes different forms of wartime marriages, which are considered as heterosexual relationships entailing complex negotiations and exchanges, and as social institutions which were an essential part of the transformation of the social order during the war. It shows how these marriages revealed shifts in hierarchies, status and concepts of authority and power, blending peasant traditions and military culture in response to the shock of war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to outline the ideal that the Franco dictatorship pursued for the case of rural women and analyze its evolution during the almost forty years that the dictatorship lasted. For this purpose, we have analyzed the official curricula of the female agrarian training schools, where the women who were to be 'models' for the peasant women were trained. The press and reports from the Ministry of Agriculture and women's magazines of the time were consulted. We conclude that this specific education sought to turn them into housewives by erasing the traces of their peasant identity and that this process entailed the creation of a space that could be called 'home' and the assignment to them of specific tasks within it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eder, Ethiopian funeral association, has commonly been seen as a voluntary, mutual-aid association well suited for various development activities. I argue that the eder is of a different order, based on its power to ostracize. The local community is criss-crossed by individually managed relations of reciprocity, while the eder brought new elements of collective action. In this article, I explore neighbourly relations in peasant communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the survival strategies of small family farms in a western Anatolian village in the context of ongoing debates in the current literature concerning the future of small or peasant family farms under the conditions of the neoliberal era. The main argument of the paper is that even though the neoliberal agrarian policies in Turkey put into effect since the early 1980s have divested farmers of much of the protective policies in force in earlier periods—thereby putting them under much severe market pressures—other pressure mechanisms in this case under investigation have a more central impact on their survival. These pressures are the patterns of social and cultural change that occur due to modernization, alongside regulations concerning access to land which the farmers seem to be able to counter by organizing and mobilizing their internal, material, and social resources, within cultural norms. The arguments presented are based on the analysis of empirical data collected through field work carried out in a village of farmers specializing and engaged in the production of dried figs. The study emphasizes the multi‐causal, multi‐layered, contingent, and hybrid nature of the question of survival for these villagers and argues that it should be evaluated as a process, rather than an outcome, with the villagers themselves as agents in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text provides a summary of various interviews with Bruno Latour, a scholar known for his interdisciplinary work on ecology and the socioecological crisis. Latour discusses topics such as the origins and spread of COVID-19, the acceleration of the world system after 1989, the concept of the Anthropocene, redefining territory, the role of universities, the intersection of ecology and religion, the social construction of science, the impact of digital networks on politics, the importance of philosophy, and his hopes for the future. While some may disagree with Latour's arguments, he is recognized as a thought-provoking and influential scholar. [Extracted from the article]

This text is a fictional story about two colleagues, Rose and Scott, who meet at a conference in Oxford. Rose, a newly-minted professor, is researching the connection between an Egyptian glass fish in the British Museum and a portrait of a young woman on a mummy case in the Louvre. Scott, also an Egyptologist, expresses interest in Rose's project and they discuss it further. However, during a conference presentation, Scott presents Rose's project as his own, leaving Rose feeling humiliated and betrayed. The text delves into Rose's journey as she confronts Scott about his theft and her frustrations with academia, highlighting the challenges she faces as a woman in the field. [Extracted from the article]

This article examines the historical connections between African Americans and China from 1920 to 1940. It discusses how African Americans found inspiration in Japan's victory over Russia, seeing it as a challenge to Euro-American dominance. Chinese people, facing their own struggles with Western powers, identified with the plight of enslaved African Americans. Chinese officials also looked to African Americans in the rural American South as examples for spreading literacy and public health in China. The article raises questions about the impact of the Cold War on Chinese perceptions of African Americans and highlights the transfer of information and ideas between Black American and Chinese media sources. Chinese scholars and officials in the early 20th century showed interest in the experiences of African Americans, particularly in education and politics. Chinese Christians saw commonalities with African Americans and followed their development of institutions. Chinese publications discussed the growth of Black-led churches, the increase in Black professionals, and the political struggles faced by African Americans. These discussions provided insights into education, leadership, and the fight for equality that resonated with Chinese readers. Chinese interest in African American education and politics was evident in articles published in a significant journal on education reform in East Asia. These articles served as a blueprint for addressing education challenges in Republican China, particularly in rural areas. The transfer of news media, ideas, and travel between China and the United States allowed African American experiences to become a point of interest for Chinese students, scholars, and politicians. The successes of Black Americans in obtaining an education against great odds provided hope [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the life of Gabriel, an Ethiopian Jew who faced persecution and oppression in the 16th century. Gabriel was kidnapped and enslaved in the Arab world before converting to Islam and later Christianity. He found himself in front of the Portuguese Inquisition in Goa, where he faced multiple interrogations and sentencing. Gabriel's experiences shed light on the practices of enslavement in the Horn of Africa and the African diaspora in the Indian Ocean World. His story highlights the challenges faced by non-elite individuals during this time period. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the Cultural Congress of Havana, which aimed to combat American imperialism and its cultural influence. Delegates from over 70 countries attended to raise awareness and rally against imperialism. The article highlights the significance of the Congress in the context of debates around culture, socialism, and freedom in Pakistan during the Cold War. "Cuba say Chand Khutoot" is a collection of letters and journal entries written by Abdullah Malik during his stay in Havana and his experiences at the Congress. The book aims to introduce revolutionary Cuba to the Pakistani public and promote a positive image of socialism. Malik reflects on his experiences at the Congress and expresses gratitude for the opportunity to witness a revolutionary future. [Extracted from the article]

Following in the footsteps of the Nyéléni Declaration, the transnational agrarian movement La Via Campesina (lvc) secured recognition for the right to food sovereignty within the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas. Alongside this, the academic community and the agrarian movement itself have developed the concept of “seed sovereignty”. Although it has not followed the same normative trajectory as food sovereignty, it has served (i) to bring together a range of issues scattered throughout the biodiversity “regime complex” (industrial property, concentration, seed regulation, gmo regulation, biopiracy, conservation); (ii) to establish a coherent and integrative intellectual framework, the high point of which was undoubtedly the enshrinement of the “right to seeds” in Article 19 of the Declaration.This chapter traces the history of the concept and the genealogy of Article 19, showing that seed sovereignty, through its appeal to permanent sovereignty over natural resources (which was also clearly visible during the drafting process), sought to anchor the prerogatives granted to peasants and farmers over their seeds in international human rights law. More fundamentally, in its alliance with the right to food sovereignty, it represents a significant attempt to challenge the Westphalian sovereignty – a hallmark of the transnational agrarian movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text provides a comprehensive overview of the life and contributions of Ranajit Guha, a renowned Indian historian and founder of the Subaltern Studies collective. It explores Guha's engagement with anti-colonialism, his involvement in communist politics, and his examination of the forms of exploitation and resistance in colonial India. The text also discusses the decline of Subaltern Studies, the views and ideas of Guha, and provides a list of references and citations for further research. It is a valuable resource for library patrons interested in Indian history, colonialism, and marginalized populations. [Extracted from the article]

This text explores the history of male homosexuality in Italy, specifically focusing on the early 20th century. It challenges the notion that homosexuality was solely a middle-class phenomenon created by elite medical journals. The author examines the correspondence between Frederick William Rolfe, also known as Baron Corvo, and Charles Masson Fox, which provides evidence of a public but clandestine culture of love and sex between males. The article also discusses the economic and social factors that fostered cross-class homoerotic encounters in port cities like Venice. The author acknowledges the ethical challenges of writing about intergenerational sex and emphasizes the need to understand historical contexts when analyzing age-asymmetrical relationships. [Extracted from the article]

This work aims to explore climate change as a decisive element for the transition from feudalism toward capitalism and considers the Marxist transition debate as a framework. In order to avoid the deterministic trap, climate must be considered as a condition framing the historical possibilities in a dialectical relationship with human historical agents. Thus, this paper explores the interactions between medieval English society, focusing on land use and class relation, and the conditions imposed by nature, particularly the change in rainfall and the transformation of ecological conditions around the North Sea Basin, especially on England's east coast. Through the course of this research, we found out that the climate change that happened in the 14th century is one important condition for the rise of capitalism, as it creates certain pressures on both peasant and manorial economies that exacerbate their contradictions and sets a course for profound societal change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the lack of representation and engagement with gender analyses in the field of International Relations of Asia and the Pacific (IRAP). It highlights the dominance of strongman leaders and hypermasculine competition among states in the region, which has resulted in the invisibility of Asian women and limited understanding of their contributions to regional order. The article praises Elisabeth Armstrong's book, "Bury the Corpse of Colonialism," for rectifying these gendered silences by recovering the place of Asian women in the history of women's anti-imperialist internationalism. The book focuses on the 1949 Asian Women's Conference in Beijing and emphasizes the significance of women-led events and spaces for regional order. It also discusses the challenges faced in researching and reconstructing information about the conference due to historical records and anti-communist propaganda. The book highlights the development of distinct ideas and political strategies by Asian women, their multi-sited militancy, and their conjunctural analysis of global processes. It argues for the importance of feminist historical and critical scholarship in rethinking regional security and peace in the Asia Pacific. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the impact of Daniel O'Connell's campaigns for Catholic emancipation and repeal of the Act of Union on William Gladstone. It provides background information on the legislative union between Great Britain and Ireland and the struggle to remove civil disabilities faced by Catholics. O'Connell is credited as the driving force behind the movement for Catholic rights and liberties. The article also delves into O'Connell's personal and professional life, highlighting his oratory skills, his involvement in politics, and the challenges he faced. It discusses O'Connell's campaign for the repeal of the Act of Union, his formation of the National Association for Repeal, and the obstacles he encountered, including his arrest and conviction. The text also examines Gladstone's evolving views on O'Connell, acknowledging his faults but ultimately recognizing his contributions to justice in Ireland. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores the history of Indigenous intellectualism and its role in advancing plurinational thought in Latin America. It discusses the early foundations of plurinationalism in Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, and Mexico, and the connections between Indigenous intellectuals in these countries. The article also examines the emergence of the plurinational movement in the late 1970s, driven by the recognition that land reform alone was insufficient to address ongoing colonialism and marginalization of Indigenous peoples. It highlights the contributions of Indigenous intellectuals, such as Fausto Reinaga and Javier Lajo, and their calls for decolonization and the recognition of Indigenous sovereignty. The article concludes by discussing the concept of plurinationalism in the Andean context and its potential to overturn colonialism. It also explores the plurinational movements in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Mexico during the 1990s and early 2000s, which aimed to challenge colonial structures and promote Indigenous rights and autonomy. [Extracted from the article]

"Divine Covenant: Science and Concepts of Natural Law in the Qur'an and Islamic Disciplines" by Ulrika Mårtensson explores the concept of the covenant in Islam and its implications for various aspects of the religion. Mårtensson argues that the covenant extends beyond religious laws and serves as a framework for all forms of knowledge. The book examines the Qur'anic context of science and the social contract, challenges traditional interpretations of certain verses, and explores the impact of the covenant on fields such as linguistics, history, jurisprudence, and theology. While the book provides valuable insights, it is criticized for its organizational deficiencies and lack of focus on the central question of science in the Qur'an. [Extracted from the article]

This article provides an overview of the Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) efforts to promote rural welfare and development. It discusses the challenges faced by the FAO, such as coordination issues and criticisms of inefficiency. The article also highlights the changing political landscape and demands from developing countries, which led to a rethinking of FAO programs and a greater focus on social justice and the needs of rural populations. The FAO adapted its strategies and approaches to address these demands and became a place of dialogue and collaboration among different actors. Overall, the FAO's role in rural welfare reflects its ability to adapt and respond to changing global dynamics and demands. [Extracted from the article]

This article examines the transformation of photography in China during the 1980s, specifically the shift from state-controlled visual culture to a more diverse and independent artistic expression. It discusses the concept of the "third realm," an intermediate space between the state and society, and how it influenced photography during this period. The article explores the role of camera clubs in promoting aestheticism and propaganda photography, as well as the emergence of independent photography groups that challenged these dominant modes. It highlights the tensions and negotiations between different approaches to photography in China during the 1980s, and how collaboration between the state and society shaped its development. [Extracted from the article]

"Seasons of the Patch: for Kristijonas Donelaitis" is a poetry book by Kerry Shawn Keys that pays homage to the eighteenth-century Lithuanian poet, Kristijonas Donelaitis. The collection consists of over 300 pages of poetry that explore various themes such as nature, history, and the concept of time. Keys draws inspiration from both Western and Eastern literature, resulting in a diverse and thought-provoking collection. The book is divided into two sections, each containing poems of different forms and lengths. Overall, "Seasons of the Patch" offers a unique and expansive exploration of life and the human experience. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of this article is to explore family household composition in mid-nineteenth century Lithuania with a focus on single individuals in rural communities: Who were single, never married men and women? How many single individuals were there? And were they able to live independent lives? This research is based on a wide range of demographical data collected in the State History Archive of Lithuania as well as other sources and historiography. The dataset used iii this article was created from the inventories of the Tsarist Russian Empire in 1847. It covers 2,941 peasant households, or 19,917 individuals from 483 villages in the former Kaunas and Vilnius provinces (guber,14/as). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses two recent books that explore the field of public history in Poland. The first book, "Public History in Poland," provides an overview of the field, covering both top-down institutional aspects and bottom-up activities. The second book, "The History of Poland, vol. 5, The Commonwealth Empire," is part of a larger project by a renowned historian to write an eleven-volume overview of Poland's history. The article highlights the connection between the project and public history, as well as the importance of diverse perspectives in understanding history. The author also discusses the moral and ethical aspects of identity history and patriotism in Poland. [Extracted from the article]

The text discusses the October 7 attacks carried out by Hamas, in which over 1,200 Israelis were brutally massacred. The attacks were justified by Hamas's adherence to Islamic fundamentalism and their belief in "redemptive antisemitism," which calls for the elimination of Jews from the Middle East. The text criticizes the international Left for supporting Hamas and glorifying the attacks as an act of resistance, arguing that this aligns them with the ideology of Jihadi apocalypticism. It also highlights the refusal of the Left to acknowledge Jewish suffering and the hypocrisy in their condemnation of Israel as an "apartheid regime." The text concludes by discussing the Western Left's celebration of revolutionary violence and its implications for the political outcome. [Extracted from the article]

This article examines the work of 'Fundación Entre Mujeres' (FEM), a feminist peasant collective organized in cooperatives and working on food sovereignty, agro-ecology, and the economic, ideological and organizational empowerment of peasant women in the dry corridor of Nicaragua. I argue that by centring an ethics of care and the sustainability of human and more-than-human life in their thinking and responses to the food and climate crises, FEM has opened a space of radical contestations to a dominant capitalist and patriarchal rationale and worldview that is at the core of these crises and mainstream approaches towards agricultural transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "The Revisionist Zionism Origins of Classical Liberalism in Israel" by Ran Baratz provides a comprehensive examination of the historical role of Ze'ev Jabotinsky, the founder of Revisionist Zionism, in shaping Israel's transition from a socialist state to a more classical liberal one. The author addresses accusations of fascism against Jabotinsky, highlighting his leadership qualities and refuting claims of a "cult of leadership." The article also discusses Jabotinsky's views on race, emphasizing that his utilization of race was innocent and insignificant in the context of his overall ideology. Furthermore, the author examines Jabotinsky's associations with individuals holding dubious ideologies, arguing that these connections were pragmatic efforts to advance the Zionist cause rather than endorsements of any specific ideology. Finally, the article acknowledges Jabotinsky's belief in the necessity of violent conflict to obtain the land of Israel but emphasizes his pragmatic and realistic analysis of the situation. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyses the structural challenges of the Latin American revolution in the early 1970s, which echoed from Fidel Castro's extensive road trip around Chile during the Salvador Allende administration in November 1971. Castro's presence promoted massive mobilizations of Chilean workers and peasants who came in droves to listen to his speeches. By then, an interesting dialogue between the Cuban and Chilean revolutionary paths had developed on a mass-collective basis, considering the dialogical skills of both leaders, Castro and Allende, who participated together in many mass demonstrations during the 24 days that the Cuban leader spent in Chile. While Cuba experienced an insurrection and guerrilla war, Chile was promoting a "peaceful road to socialism" through electoral victories. This article investigates the relations between the two revolutionary processes through the dialogues during this visit. This article is based on press materials from those days, Castro's and Allende's speeches and other primary sources. It concludes that the Cuban and Chilean Revolutions were more complementary than antagonistic, contrary to the historiography that emphasizes rivalry between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of agricultural activity intensification and rural abandonment, neo-rurality has emerged as a back-to-the-land migratory movement led by urban populations seeking alternative ways of life close to nature. Although the initiatives of the new peasantry are diverse, most are land related, such as agriculture and livestock farming. A priori, neorural people undertake agri-food system activities in ways that differ from the conventional model, following the principles of environmental and social sustainability. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the neo-rural phenomenon with the main objective of examining how neo-rurality has been found to support agroecological transitions. The corpus of neo-rural studies was analyzed from a social-ecological perspective, and a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) was conducted to determine whether neo-rural agri-food system activities follow agroecological principles. The results indicate that neo-rural studies is an emerging research field that has received considerable attention in western countries. Diverse conceptualizations and terms have been used to address the phenomenon, but the literature agrees on political and environmental motivations and several barriers faced by neo-rural people. This population and in particular new peasants, are employing a wide variety of agroecological practices and strategies throughout the agri-food system. Overall, neo-rural people have been reported to contribute significantly to agroecological transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Control and access to land are major concerns for peasants of the global south who face the longstanding consequences of colonialism and recent 'land-rush'. What is the role of human rights in this peasant struggle? The UNDROP marks the international recognition of the right to land. However, as the very project of human rights is facing criticism and the effectiveness of this recognition remains uncertain, the question of whether using the human rights framework is even desirable arises. Arguing for a broader understanding of the actors and processes involved in the application and evolution of human rights, I explain that the process of obtaining the recognition of the right to land involved the mobilisation and re-modelling of human rights by grassroots organisations. I explore the potential of this mobilisation to transform common understandings of human rights, and its distinctive ability to support the necessary paradigm shift to transform peasants' lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the various approaches to studying Brazilian communism during the Cold War. It categorizes the literature into international, national, and multifactorial approaches, and examines the role of individuals within three frameworks. The international approach, which focuses on the influence of the Soviet Union and the Communist International, is the most prevalent. The article provides examples of authors and sources within this approach. It also discusses the tension between national and international factors in shaping communist policies and emphasizes the importance of considering cultural and historical contexts. [Extracted from the article]

This paper revisits the Tunisian 2010–2011 uprising and its ensuing decade of agrarian contention as a crisis of social reproduction stemming from the combined effects of depletion and dispossession. It traces the lineages of the grievances that continue to animate the Tunisian countryside to the multiple and often enmeshed labours—both productive and reproductive—of peasant and rural women. In underscoring the interconnectedness between these labours and the ebb and flow of various contestations against depletion and dispossession, it recognises social reproduction as a site of deep exploitation as well as an arena of day‐to‐day struggle. Guided by social reproduction theorisations and leveraging a multi‐sited ethnography conducted during July and August 2023, this paper relies on participant observation/observant participation and unstructured interviews conducted with predominately landed and landless peasant women, the testimonies of whom serve as a conduit for an important dialogue between feminist materialist analyses of social reproduction and peasant movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agribusiness expansion is usually framed around two competing narratives. On the one hand, advocates present it as a promising vehicle to modernise agriculture and integrate small farmers into global value chains. On the other hand, critics denounce it as a top‐down corporate assault to monopolise agriculture and dispossess peasants of land. Despite their differences, these contrasting narratives tend to share a reductionistic capital‐centric bias as they are mainly focused on the alleged benefits/dangers of the ‘arrival’ of agribusiness corporate capital. Although simplistic, these narratives have been politically effective in shaping the public debate and thus should be exposed to critical challenge. Drawing on my ethnographic research in eastern lowland Bolivia, I show how both narratives fail to capture the complexity of an actually existing agribusiness structure. My grounded analysis of the process of agrarian change focuses on the changing labour dynamics among campesinos who have striven to become prosperous soy producers. Faced with bleak prospects and structural insecurity, they have been articulating a political practice around the notion of precarity. I argue that this emerging politics from below deserves more attention as an important terrain of political struggles of classes of labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, titled "Editor's Introduction: Structures of Feeling," is part of the journal Positions. It explores various cultural movements and works that respond to different constraints. The article begins by discussing the unrecognized legacies of far-right movements in archival collections and ends with a critique of nationalist ideologies through the documentary medium. The collection of articles covers topics such as Korean proletarian melodrama, Japanese literature in English translation, Chinese feminist iconography, and the production of finance-themed novels in 1990s China. The articles highlight alternative formations of affects and modes of thought that emerge in the cultural sphere. [Extracted from the article]

The authors study the role of kinship relationships in explaining mobilization for a revolt in Basel, Switzerland, in 1691; rebels consisted of a weaker fraction of the elite and individuals with citizen rights. The empirical section shows that revolts are mainly driven by the elite's distant kin rather than the rebels' close kin. Allowing for coalition formation, as in the new theory of corruption, conflict, and inequality proposed in this comment, can give an alternative explanation. In the first formal model, we assume "elite" corresponds to the term "enforcer" in the new theory. This is a nonproductive individual who is the strongest in terms of fighting against peasants over a prize in a contest. In this simple model, there are no other players. Thus, this framework predicts that the only rebels would come from within the elite. Historical evidence shows that the marginal elite got stronger relatively and, thus, excluded the oligarchy from the winning coalition to take over the government. The direct application of this model would imply that non-elite members were not part of the rebellion. However, the historical facts presented by Armandola et al. show that non-elite citizens also participated in the revolt. To match these facts in Armandola et al., we allow informally individuals with citizen rights to participate in the rebellion. Peasants, a term also used in the new theory, and marginalized groups (a term only used in the commented paper) in the cities did not participate. Kinship effects are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text provides a summary of the contributions of Angus Mackay and the Dow brothers to agricultural journalism and education in nineteenth-century Australia. Angus Mackay, a farmer, journalist, engineer, and politician, was involved in various community organizations and wrote books on topics such as cotton, sugar cane, and agriculture in Queensland. He also represented Queensland at the United States Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876, where he gathered information on agricultural innovations. The Dow brothers, self-taught in agriculture, were vocal supporters of agricultural education and wrote books about their experiences. Both Mackay and the Dow brothers provided valuable information and advice to small holders and yeoman farmers. The document references various sources related to farming in Australia, including books and articles by TK Dow, Eric Richards, and SM Wadham. [Extracted from the article]

The Andhra Pradesh Zero Budget Natural Farming project was implemented by India's State of Andhra Pradesh in 2016 and renamed AP Community Managed Natural Farming (APCNF) in 2020. APCNF is recognised as a sucessful example of peasant-led agroecology by social movements, multilateral UN bodies, governments, and researchers. We offer more critical perspectives here, and argue that this agroecology model deepens inequality and dispossession. Despite claims to the contrary, APCNF is locked in an unchanged productivist paradigm controlled by capital in collaboration with the state. By co-opting agroecology, APCNF closes down options for a just transformation of the dominant agri-food regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The greater one-horned rhinoceros or Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) faced extinction in British India at the end of the nineteenth century. In 1908, the Government of Assam established the Kaziranga Game Reserve (KGR, now Kaziranga National Park) to preserve the vanishing rhino. As the twentieth century progressed, creating wilderness -- by demonising the presence of the peasants and graziers -- became a global panacea for protecting wildlife. Contrary to that belief, this article will show how the rhino population revived amidst human existence dictated by agro-ecological interactions and bureaucratic expediencies. The rhino's ethology and its place in the imagination of rural people minimised its enemies. Moreover, in fluvial geography that constantly transformed the KGR's boundaries, peasants and graziers creatively negotiated their usufruct rights and supported rhino preservation. Locating the KGR in the historical analysis of fluvial agro-ecology, this study illuminates how a critical interaction between different actors, i.e. human and non-human and coloniser and colonised, accentuated the cultural and material contestations amidst which the rhino eventually survived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the historical context of educational leadership, tracing its roots from ancient times to the emergence of transformational leadership in the 1970s. It discusses the ambiguity of the term "transforming educational leadership" and its two interpretations: leadership that transforms education and the changing understanding of educational leadership over time. The article aims to increase understanding of transformational leadership and its potential future developments in the rapidly changing educational environment. It also discusses current efforts to improve the quality of educational leadership, highlighting the role of principals, challenges they face, and different models of leadership. The text emphasizes the need for comprehensive research and support for school leaders, particularly in the face of changing circumstances and challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, it provides valuable insights into the evolving nature of educational leadership and the importance of effective leadership in schools. [Extracted from the article]

This paper addresses the way in which the expansion zones of the metropolitan areas of Medellín and Rionegro are currently moving from the communal relations that marked their rural life to anonymous relations in which notions of neighborliness are gradually disappearing. Understanding the urban as a social condition and not only as a physical expression of the territory, but the urban is also no longer the opposite of the rural, nor is it synonymous with the city. The urban constitutes a phenomenon where anonymity and individuality are privileged in a space. This process takes place in a rural space where part of its heritage is the landscape and unneighborly relations. We assume the notion of the peri-urban limit as a space of undefinition that extends from the periphery of the Aburrá Valley to some of the rural hamlets of the Territorial Subsystem: Alto Grande - La Ramada, in the San Nicolas Valley; places where the communal is disappearing to give way to new urban dynamics. The article constitutes a theoretical contribution to the interpretation of the new realities observed in the peri-urban fringes of many contemporary metropolises, not only because of the debate it opens on the ways of understanding current urban-rural problems, but also because it suggests other perspectives for territorial planning based on the readings of the new social realities that are established there.