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This research investigates the limited adoption of employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs) among small-to-medium sized businesses (SMBs) in the U.S. Through interviews with 30 SMB owners across various industries, we identify the key barriers to ESOP adoption as lack of time, money, and skills on the part of the owners. In doing so, the study suggests that a "shared ownership light" model, which involves sharing profits, information, and decision-making opportunities with employees, appears more feasible for SMBs than ESOPs. For SMBs that are interested in ESOP adoption, our research suggests that organizations providing employee ownership services could better assist SMBs by offering templatized models and best practices for profit-sharing plans, open-book management, and structured employee participation. The paper aims to broaden the discussion around shared ownership by considering a spectrum of options that have the potential to increase both value creation by and value-sharing among employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban green spaces (UGSs) play a vital role in enhancing the quality of life in cities, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions such as the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP). However, significant challenges related to equitable management and access persist, often exacerbated by socio-environmental inequalities. While much of the existing literature on UGS management focuses on developed economies, there is a gap in our understanding of how community engagement influences UGS outcomes in emerging economies, which face unique socio-economic and infrastructural constraints. This study addresses this gap by investigating the impact of community engagement on UGS management in the MRSP, specifically examining how increased participation correlates with improved UGS access and reduced socio-environmental inequality. Utilizing survey data from 33 municipal environmental departments across the MRSP, this research applied correlation tests, generalized linear models, and a non-parametric analysis of variance to evaluate the relationships between community engagement, UGS coverage, and inequality. The findings reveal a moderate positive correlation between community engagement and UGS coverage, alongside a negative correlation with socio-environmental inequality. Increased levels of community participation were associated with greater access to UGSs and a reduction in disparities across socio-economic groups. These results underscore the potential of fostering community involvement in UGS management to promote urban equity and environmental sustainability in emerging economies, particularly through institutional support and transparent information sharing. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to better understand the long-term effects of sustained community engagement and incorporate qualitative data from community members to provide a more comprehensive analysis of participatory processes. Additionally, expanding the scope of analysis to include informal and private green spaces will offer a more holistic understanding of urban greening dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing complexity of river management is driving the need for more participatory approaches in which a wide range of stakeholders inform management actions. The foundational conditions of successful stakeholder engagement in participatory river management include the stakeholders' familiarity with, the trustworthiness of, shared vision with, and perceived competence of agencies involved in river management. We employ a convergent mixed‐methods approach to gain insight into two key stakeholder groups' (agricultural producers and non‐farm households) perceptions of foundational conditions of successful stakeholder engagement in participatory river management in watersheds of two regulatorily disparate states. Overall, ratings for familiarity were often contrary to ratings of the other three conditions. Contrary to previous research our findings suggest that familiarity does not necessarily lead to stakeholder perceived trustworthiness, shared vision, and competence of those involved in river management. These findings are important for participatory processes; for example, trust and shared vision without familiarity may inhibit the active involvement of diverse stakeholders in participatory processes that are needed for improving the management of complex riverine systems. Our findings suggest agencies and groups involved in river management prioritize developing stronger relationships with agricultural producers to improve on these foundational conditions. Agencies and groups involved in river management rated low on familiarity should consider campaigns to increase stakeholders' familiarity with them to leverage the generally high ratings on the other three foundational conditions. Future research should explore these contrary findings and their relationships to active involvement in participatory river management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extended Abstract Background: Forests are one of the complex ecosystems of natural resources with an important role in the environment and multiple production capacities and functions. The benefit of different human societies from these resources in various forms has various effects and consequences. Without accurate and complete identification of all its stakeholders, logical and acceptable results cannot be achieved in decision-making and policy-making. Therefore, it is essential to fully understand the stakeholders (actors) and their identification criteria in line with basic policies for planning, decision-making, and success in this field. Because decision-making in the management of forest resources always faces challenges and is often associated with complexity, immutability, and uncertainty due to the multi-purpose nature of the benefits and services of these resources, the difficulty of monetary valuation of ecological services, and the great diversity of the stakeholders of their services. Therefore, the stakeholders in the fields of natural resources and forests are considered vital components, and their presence and activity in these fields are undeniable and provide a guarantee of success in cooperative management for the protection of forests. The advancement of the sustainable management goals of natural resources and forests is realized by identifying an active presence of key actors and the most important and effective groups involved, i.e. forest producers and users, along with other identified stakeholders. The primary purpose of identifying those involved is the names of all those who can and should have a role in the planning and management process, and their identification is an important part of the participatory planning process because it is considered a part of the prerequisite for participation. Therefore, identifying and determining the stakeholders make it possible to take advantage of their cooperation in a planned way in the implementation and management of forestry projects and to facilitate the implementation process of the programs. Methods: To identify, weight, and prioritize the stakeholders involved in the Hyrcanian forest ecosystem services using multi-criteria decision-making models, the stakeholders involved in the Hyrcanian forest ecosystem services were first identified and gathered based on the review of various studies. Then, the research questionnaire was designed to answer two important questions in this study: a) who are the people involved in Hyrcanian forest areas? and b) what is their priority? Therefore, the beneficiaries of the economy of Hyrcanian forests were identified by designing a questionnaire scored with a Likert scale, designing items with five priority options, and determining the individuals or groups of stakeholders. In this research, the opinions of 50 experts, academics, and experts of the Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization at the provincial and regional levels were used to identify the beneficiaries of the ecosystem services of Hyrcanian forests. The questionnaire was validated and confirmed by experts, and its reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha statistic of α = 0.97. The stakeholders of the forest ecosystem services were weighted with the Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method, the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), and Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS), and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to prioritize them. Results: By analyzing the findings of the questionnaire using experts' opinions, the Hyrcanian forest ecosystem goods and services stakeholders were identified in 19 groups and five levels, such as international, national, regional, stakeholders outside the forest, and stakeholders inside the forest. Based on the results of the weighting of the stakeholders using the SWARA technique, the forest dwellers and communities downstream of the forest edge are among the most important Hyrcanian forest ecosystem goods and services stakeholders with the highest weight, and other stakeholders were placed in the next priorities based on the received weight. The prioritization of the stakeholders of the goods and services of the Hyrcanian forest ecosystem in the TOPSIS, ARAS, and SAW models showed similar results in terms of the prioritization of the stakeholders of the surveyed services. Conclusion: The results of stakeholder prioritization models were compared using the slope of the service weight curve (R2) in three models. The slope of the relative closeness curve of the weights in the ARAS model was a descending exponential function with an explanatory degree of 0.93, which indicated an obvious difference between the stakeholders of Hyrcanian forest ecosystem services. The slope of the curve of the relative closeness of the weights is higher and closer to one in the ARAS model than in the other two models from different points of view. Based on this result and the consensus of some experts, the prioritization of stakeholders in the ARAS model is closer to reality. Therefore, the ARAS model was proposed as a suitable model for prioritizing the stakeholders of Hyrcanian forest ecosystem services. According to the results of this model, forest dwellers, downstream communities on the edge of the forest, and the off-site users of the forests are considered the major stakeholders of Hyrcanian forest services. Therefore, the role, presence, and influence of these stakeholders cannot be ignored in the management of natural resources and the environment, especially in forestry projects, and it is recommended to optimally use the presence of these communities in cooperative forest management. Furthermore, the human relationship with the natural ecosystem should be at the top of policies and comprehensive management of forest resources. It is necessary to support wood planting projects through subsidy policies and to grant facilities and low-interest loans to forest dwellers and communities downstream of the forest edge. Other necessary measures include efforts to reduce deprivations and increase the socioeconomic development of the villages on the edge of the forest, holding training entrepreneurship courses and classes, introducing handicrafts and non-wood products, identifying target markets, and strengthening the marketing network for the export of non-wood products to increase the share of the forest in the growth and economic development of rural communities on the edge of the forest. Employment programs should also be developed for local communities in the forest protection sectors.

The philosophy of "participatory management" has garnered attention in a wide range of sectors. In China, research on teacher involvement in school management began in the late 20th century. The purpose of this article is to discuss the significance of teacher involvement in school management and summarize its challenges and causes in China on the basis of the existing literature, with the view to providing valuable insights for the advancement of school governance and the improvement of the quality of education in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

New management strategies and digital technologies are the key to reaching innovative scientific potential. This article discusses the effectiveness of the Arduino Science Journal app in implementing a scientific participatory model. The research hypothesis is that the electronic form of participatory scientific activity can reduce anxiety and increase stress resistance. The model itself represents the joint work of undergraduate students, masters, PhD students, and teachers from the Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University. The questionnaire-based SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis was conducted to receive feedback on the suggested work plan. The results showed that the suggested work plan has a number of disadvantages, such as limited software functionality, disorganization within the project team, and app freezing. The results of this test mainly coincide with those discussing the effectiveness of participatory management. However, the limited number of publications on participatory digital projects in higher education leaves this question open for further discussion. This issue is especially relevant in Central Asia, where hierarchical models of interaction are traditionally stronger. The materials provided in this article can be used in educational institutions worldwide for updating or designing innovative curricula based on a participatory model of interaction.

Research Purpose: Water is a natural resource essential to human development, with multiple uses, which generates pollution processes, with environmental, economic, and social consequences. This work aims to evaluate the social participation in the management of water resources in Portugal and Brazil. Methodology: For this, we adopted the methodological procedures of systematic literature review, investigation of the documentation on the Council of the Hydrographic Region (CRH) of Center/Portugal and the Hydrographic Basin Committee (CBH) of the Apodi/Mossoró River in Brazil and obtaining field data with the application of interviews to the members of these two institutions. Findings: It was found that the participation of the members of CRH Center/Portugal and the CBH of the Apodi/Mossoró River in Brazil refers to the similarities in the degree of participation, diversity of the segment, number of members, participation of civil society, and participation of the private sector; however, they are distinct concerning the degree of interest, ways of choosing the members, their level of knowledge, the interaction between the members and the participation of the public authorities. Originality/Value: Therefore, it is recommended for the evolution of these management models a deeper knowledge of their representatives, through the diagnosis of the socioeconomic profile, as well as their environmental perception.

Introduction: By directly affecting the environment and creating employee satisfaction, ergonomics creates quality products or services, organizational productivity, and customer satisfaction. Participation is a kind of participation and involvement in decision-making, planning, and implementation. The present research was conducted to evaluate and measure the impact of collaborative management with macro ergonomics on organizational productivity through the mediating variable of employee empowerment and participation in the General Directorate of Technical and Vocational Training of Fars province. Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive survey type. To carry out this research, 208 employees of the General Directorate of Technical and Vocational Training of Fars province were selected in 1402 by a simple sampling method based on the Karjesi and Morgan formula. Four standard questionnaires of participatory management, employee empowerment, organizational productivity, and employee participation were used to collect data. The reliability of the questionnaires was investigated using Cronbach's alpha, and the content validity ratio (CVR) was used for the validity of the questionnaires. The effect of participatory management with macro ergonomics on organizational productivity was evaluated using the paired t-test. Also, SPSS and AMOS statistical software were used for data analysis. Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the standard questionnaire of participatory management, employee empowerment, organizational productivity, and employee participation was 0.803, 0.755, 0.790, and 0.946, respectively, and the CVR value of the questionnaires was calculated 1, 0.99, 1 and 1 respectively. And therefore the validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed. This research showed that participatory management has a positive and significant effect on the empowerment of employees from the perspective of macro ergonomics and productivity (p=0.034). The positive impact of empowering employees on the organization's productivity was confirmed with the perspective of macro ergonomics and employee participation (p=0.041) Finally, the mediating role of employee empowerment and employee participation on organizational productivity was confirmed (p=0.031). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the application of macro ergonomics leads to an increase in the acceptance power of employees and commitment to changes, and provides the most suitable help to improve their safety, satisfaction, and productivity.

Copyright of Boletin de Antropologia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Involving local people in natural area management is very important to address the complexity of environmental management issues for the sustainable use of local resources. Participatory methods require the contribution of local stakeholders in decision-making. Mapping the environmental views of local communities allows for the detection of aspects that could facilitate management efforts. This research—in the frame of the Skyros LIFE project and the PAMNATURA project—measures the local acceptability of the conservation actions proposed by the LIFE project in Skyros island (Greece), in relation to recording local people's environmental orientation using the 15-item revised New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale. The research was carried out by means of questionnaires. The LIFE project proposed actions were grouped into three categories according to their theme, i.e., promoting (a) nature protection, (b) agro-pastoralism and (c) ecotourism. The sample seems to largely agree with the LIFE project proposals, while the results showed high scores for most of the NEP scale items, implying pro-environmental beliefs, though there appears to be disagreement or neutrality regarding a few items. The local acceptability of the proposed actions was found to correlate to local people's environmental concern measured through the NEP scale. Drawing on the results, the implementation of actions related directly or indirectly to economic activities and the preservation of traditional activities, as well as environmental education and interactive informing and consultation, could enhance local participation. Skyros island seems to offer an appropriate social background for applying participatory and adaptive management and implementing conservation programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to assess the potential and governance of tourism to formulate participation management strategies for the marine touris attraction of Jikomalamo Beach in Ternate. Data for this research were obtained through observation methods, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis, IFAS, EFAS analysis, and SWOT analysis, which resulted in participation management strategies. The results of this research shows that the strengths of Jikomalamo management include community participation in destination management, potential for underwater tourism, management of water sport facilities, and the existence of a dive center management. Meanwhile, the weaknesses of Jikomalamo Ternate include the absence of a tourism management organization (pokdarwis), lack of management of human resources quality, lack of stakeholder involvement, and the absence of a tourist information center. Based on the Internal External (IE) matrix, it is known that the position of Jikomalamo Beach management is in quadrant one which is strong. where the strategy used is Growth strategy. Based on the SWOT analysis, it is known that there are six alternative participatory management strategies to be applied, namely community engagement strategy, human resource development, establishment of management organizations, collaboration among stakeholders, and improvement of tour packages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the effects of the "Unlocking Research & Innovative Capability" program for university teachers. A total of 80 teachers from the Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University were enrolled. All participants were divided into groups based on their age and teaching experience. Data were collected via surveys. The proposed program was found to have different effects across groups. Young university teachers (28 to 35 years; teaching experience, 3 to 5 years) exhibited improvement in all research and innovative capability variables, ranging from 0.84 in Interdisciplinary Cooperation to 2.63 in Innovative Teaching. The same is true for early middle-aged university teachers (36 to 45 years; teaching experience, 5 to 10 years) who showed improvement ranging from 1.52 in Interdisciplinary Cooperation to 3.00 in Integration of Technology. Older middle-aged university teachers (46 to 55 years; teaching experience, 10 to 20 years) exhibited improvement in their Innovative Teaching, Research Practice, and Integration of Technology; yet, it did not exceed 1.85 points. Older university teachers (older than 56 years; teaching experience, 20 years) demonstrated minimal improvement in all dimensions. This study was conducted as part of governmental research on "Managing the Development of Research & Innovative Capability in the Research University Staff under the Participatory Management Model" launched by the RK Ministry of Education and Science (Project number: AR14872123). The study emphasizes the importance of empowering university teachers as key drivers of research, knowledge generation, and innovative teaching. The present findings can be used to cultivate a culture of innovation and research in academic institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Forests are one of the complex ecosystems of natural resources with an important role in the environment and multiple production capacities and functions. The benefit of different human societies from these resources in various forms has various effects and consequences. Without accurate and complete identification of all its stakeholders, logical and acceptable results cannot be achieved in decision-making and policy-making. Therefore, it is essential to fully understand the stakeholders (actors) and their identification criteria in line with basic policies for planning, decision-making, and success in this field. Because decision-making in the management of forest resources always faces challenges and is often associated with complexity, immutability, and uncertainty due to the multi-purpose nature of the benefits and services of these resources, the difficulty of monetary valuation of ecological services, and the great diversity of the stakeholders of their services. Therefore, the stakeholders in the fields of natural resources and forests are considered vital components, and their presence and activity in these fields are undeniable and provide a guarantee of success in cooperative management for the protection of forests. The advancement of the sustainable management goals of natural resources and forests is realized by identifying an active presence of key actors and the most important and effective groups involved, i.e. forest producers and users, along with other identified stakeholders. The primary purpose of identifying those involved is the names of all those who can and should have a role in the planning and management process, and their identification is an important part of the participatory planning process because it is considered a part of the prerequisite for participation. Therefore, identifying and determining the stakeholders make it possible to take advantage of their cooperation in a planned way in the implementation and management of forestry projects and to facilitate the implementation process of the programs. Methods: To identify, weight, and prioritize the stakeholders involved in the Hyrcanian forest ecosystem services using multi-criteria decision-making models, the stakeholders involved in the Hyrcanian forest ecosystem services were first identified and gathered based on the review of various studies. Then, the research questionnaire was designed to answer two important questions in this study: a) who are the people involved in Hyrcanian forest areas? and b) what is their priority? Therefore, the beneficiaries of the economy of Hyrcanian forests were identified by designing a questionnaire scored with a Likert scale, designing items with five priority options, and determining the individuals or groups of stakeholders. In this research, the opinions of 50 experts, academics, and experts of the Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization at the provincial and regional levels were used to identify the beneficiaries of the ecosystem services of Hyrcanian forests. The questionnaire was validated and confirmed by experts, and its reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha statistic of α = 0.97. The stakeholders of the forest ecosystem services were weighted with the Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method, the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), and Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS), and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to prioritize them. Results: By analyzing the findings of the questionnaire using experts' opinions, the Hyrcanian forest ecosystem goods and services stakeholders were identified in 19 groups and five levels, such as international, national, regional, stakeholders outside the forest, and stakeholders inside the forest. Based on the results of the weighting of the stakeholders using the SWARA technique, the forest dwellers and communities downstream of the forest edge are among the most important Hyrcanian forest ecosystem goods and services stakeholders with the highest weight, and other stakeholders were placed in the next priorities based on the received weight. The prioritization of the stakeholders of the goods and services of the Hyrcanian forest ecosystem in the TOPSIS, ARAS, and SAW models showed similar results in terms of the prioritization of the stakeholders of the surveyed services. Conclusion: The results of stakeholder prioritization models were compared using the slope of the service weight curve (R2) in three models. The slope of the relative closeness curve of the weights in the ARAS model was a descending exponential function with an explanatory degree of 0.93, which indicated an obvious difference between the stakeholders of Hyrcanian forest ecosystem services. The slope of the curve of the relative closeness of the weights is higher and closer to one in the ARAS model than in the other two models from different points of view. Based on this result and the consensus of some experts, the prioritization of stakeholders in the ARAS model is closer to reality. Therefore, the ARAS model was proposed as a suitable model for prioritizing the stakeholders of Hyrcanian forest ecosystem services. According to the results of this model, forest dwellers, downstream communities on the edge of the forest, and the off-site users of the forests are considered the major stakeholders of Hyrcanian forest services. Therefore, the role, presence, and influence of these stakeholders cannot be ignored in the management of natural resources and the environment, especially in forestry projects, and it is recommended to optimally use the presence of these communities in cooperative forest management. Furthermore, the human relationship with the natural ecosystem should be at the top of policies and comprehensive management of forest resources. It is necessary to support wood planting projects through subsidy policies and to grant facilities and low-interest loans to forest dwellers and communities downstream of the forest edge. Other necessary measures include efforts to reduce deprivations and increase the socioeconomic development of the villages on the edge of the forest, holding training entrepreneurship courses and classes, introducing handicrafts and non-wood products, identifying target markets, and strengthening the marketing network for the export of non-wood products to increase the share of the forest in the growth and economic development of rural communities on the edge of the forest. Employment programs should also be developed for local communities in the forest protection sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research question/aim/objectives: Providing care for hospitalized children causes moral distress to nurses. Employee participation in discovering and solving the everyday problems of the workplace is one of the ways to hear the voices of nurses. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of participatory management programs on perceived organizational support and moral distress in pediatric nurses. Research design: A quasi-experimental study. Participants and research context: The present study was conducted on 114 pediatric nurses in Iran. Data were collected using the Perceived Organizational Support Scale and the Moral Distress Scale of nurses. The intervention included implementing a participatory management program in three treatment departments that were randomly selected and it lasted 4 months. Participatory management was at the level of problem-solving with a focus on investigating, solving, and correcting issues and problems of work shifts and departments concerning the physical environment, equipment of the department, improvement of work processes, and team cooperation. In the control group, ordinary organizational approaches to problem-solving were used. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Mashhad School of Nursing and Midwifery. Informed consent was obtained from the study participants. Findings/results: Based on the results, both groups were homogenous before the intervention in terms of moral distress and perceived organizational support. The results showed that the moral distress mean scores in the intervention group decreased from 1.45 (0.52) to 1.03 (0.37) after the intervention. Also, the score of the perceived organizational support was 2.12 (1.2) increased after the intervention to 2.68 (1.10) in the intervention group. Conclusions: It was found that the participation of nurses in the problem-solving process to solve daily workplace issues can be effective in increasing their perceived organizational support and reducing their moral distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research was an attempt to investigate the use and maintenance of Sistan's irrigation network from the point of view of local experts and farmers. Gray system theory was used to find the appropriate operation and maintenance model for irrigation networks. The results indicate the positive effect of delegating network management on increasing employment, reducing rural migration, increasing the productivity of agricultural products, increasing farmers' confidence in providing food and income, proper distribution of water, increasing the use of irrigation networks, reducing wastage of water resources, increasing the sense of responsibility and confidence of the irrigation network systems was under the management/protection of the farmers. Also, the results showed that the most basic adverse consequences include lack of trust in carrying out responsibilities, lack of understanding and cooperation of water users, differences of opinion among farmers in water distribution, insufficient attention to training and development, lack of experience, lack of optimal use of resources and It was attention. Among the economic issues faced by water users, we can mention the lack of understanding and cooperation of the users. Since neither the main farmers nor the established cooperatives have enough knowledge about their obligations in the field of management, operation and maintenance of irrigation networks and taking necessary measures, the best possible solution is comprehensive training of farmers. Progress in this area depends on delegating the irrigation network management to proper alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bamboo, widely known as ''poor man's timber'' or ''green gold,'' is a key forest resource distributed across tropical and subtropical regions. It is vital for its social, economic, cultural, and ecological benefits, demanding in-depth research for sustainable development. Despite its potential contribution to sustainable development, previous studies on bamboo have been geographically and methodically limited, lacking a comprehensive analysis of its contribution to sustainable livelihoods. This study, employing the PRISMA method for systematic reviews of 127 articles, investigates (1) the distribution and trends of livelihood-based bamboo research and identifies knowledge gaps, (2) bamboo's role in livelihood enhancement, (3) challenges and opportunities in its livelihood values, and (4) strategies to optimize bamboo's livelihood potential. Through this review, we identified most of the research limited to Asia, with limited studies in Africa and Latin America. Out of 1600 species, most of the studies focus on only 83 bamboo species, noting their multifaceted contributions across all livelihood capital types: natural, human, physical, social, and financial. Despite administrative and technical challenges that limit its value, bamboo provides diverse tangible benefits, economic opportunities, environmental improvements, international appeal, and strong sociocultural ties. We advocate for resilient bamboo-based livelihoods through cooperative, participatory, and sustainable management approaches that integrate research and indigenous knowledge to navigate challenges and leverage bamboo's extensive benefits.

Urban green spaces (UGSs) play a vital role in enhancing the quality of life in cities, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions such as the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP). However, significant challenges related to equitable management and access persist, often exacerbated by socio-environmental inequalities. While much of the existing literature on UGS management focuses on developed economies, there is a gap in our understanding of how community engagement influences UGS outcomes in emerging economies, which face unique socio-economic and infrastructural constraints. This study addresses this gap by investigating the impact of community engagement on UGS management in the MRSP, specifically examining how increased participation correlates with improved UGS access and reduced socio-environmental inequality. Utilizing survey data from 33 municipal environmental departments across the MRSP, this research applied correlation tests, generalized linear models, and a non-parametric analysis of variance to evaluate the relationships between community engagement, UGS coverage, and inequality. The findings reveal a moderate positive correlation between community engagement and UGS coverage, alongside a negative correlation with socio-environmental inequality. Increased levels of community participation were associated with greater access to UGSs and a reduction in disparities across socio-economic groups. These results underscore the potential of fostering community involvement in UGS management to promote urban equity and environmental sustainability in emerging economies, particularly through institutional support and transparent information sharing. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to better understand the long-term effects of sustained community engagement and incorporate qualitative data from community members to provide a more comprehensive analysis of participatory processes. Additionally, expanding the scope of analysis to include informal and private green spaces will offer a more holistic understanding of urban greening dynamics.

IntroductionChoosing an optimal decision-making method for watershed management is a problem that has always attracted the attention of researchers, and various methods have been used to achieve this goal. Participatory management is a collaborative process to participate in gathering information, making decisions, and carrying out projects that lead to solving complex social and environmental problems. As it is known, the integrated watershed management approach is a method to achieve sustainable development. Considering the existence of challenges such as floods, one of the useful approaches to solve the existing challenges is to use the approach of integrated watershed management, which is agreed upon by most of the scientific and executive community. The multidimensionality of the watershed system, its integration with socio-economic systems, and the involvement of stakeholder opinions are one of the most important components in the watershed operation and conservation. Therefore, the present study seeks to investigate the necessity of using inter-sectorial management and benefit from the consensus of the main stakeholders using game theory algorithms in 15 sub-watersheds of the Cheshmeh-Kileh Watershed in Tonekabon City. Sehezar and Dohezar rivers are the most important rivers of the Cheshmeh-Kileh Watershed which originate from the Takht-e-Soliman, Alamut, and Khashchal mountain regions. The high capacity of the riverside lands and the limitation of suitable lands in the watershed have caused many agricultural activities to be concentrated along the river, which is severely affected by floods. Materials and MethodsIn the present study, semi-structured interviews were used to collect information about the flood generation potential. The stakeholders included local stakeholders, policy makers, and the executive organization. Game theory algorithms including the Condorcet algorithm, Borda scoring, and Fallback bargaining were used to prioritize the sub-watersheds. First, the prioritization of each of the three groups was analyzed, and then the results of the consensus of the group and their comparison with the sectional decisions were examined. In this connection, first, the sample size was determined using Cochran and the opinion of the stakeholders was asked regarding the flood generation potential of the sub-watersheds. The number of interviewees in subgroups of local users, policy making institutions, and executive organizations were 75, 13, and 6 respectively. It is worth mentioning that in order to eliminate the effect of the number of interviewees in the final results; the priorities were standardized and dimensionless. In order to prioritize by the stakeholders, first, various maps of sub-watersheds, roads, and even the location of villages were prepared with appropriate quality. Then, they were asked to prioritize the sub-watersheds in terms of flood generation potential based on their personal experiences, local knowledge, technical and policy. In the group of local watershed users and residents, random sampling was done from 21 Cheshmeh-Kileh Watershed villages in Tanekabon city and Mazandaran province. Results and DiscussionBased on the study findings, by comparing the two priorities of the stakeholders and the differences between the popular, institutional and policy-making sectors, it can be said that in the Condorcet algorithm, the rate of differences in the voting of local users with policy-making institutions, local users with the executive organization and policy-making institutions with executive organization is 33.33, 66.67, and 80 %, respectively. These differences based on Borda scoring algorithms and Fallback bargaining are 53.33, 66.67, and 93.33 %, respectively. According to the local operators, in all three algorithms based on game theory, Takht-e-Soleiman, Garmarood, and Selajanbar sub-watersheds have the highest flood generation potential in the Sehezar River. Meanwhile, Ketehroud, Holian, and Yandasht sub-watersheds have a low flood generation potential in this river. Regarding the Dohezar River, it can be said that the results of all three algorithms based on the theory of games were almost the same, and Niardareh, Khashchal, and Nosha have the highest potential, and Miankooh, Daryasar, and Golestan-Mohalleh sub-watersheds have the lowest flood generation potential. The second group of interviewees was the executive organization that used the opinions of technical and watershed management experts of the General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of West Mazandaran-Nowshahr. The opinions of this department were different from those of local users. Also, in the Dohezar River, the Niardareh, Khashchal, and Nosha sub-watersheds were given the highest priority, and the Miankooh, Daryasar, and Golestan-Mahalleh sub-watersheds were the lowest priority. ConclusionDue to the fact that in the watershed system and in optimal decision-making, there is a wide variety of opinions and differences of opinion, on this basis, the conceptual basis of the application of multi-objective decision-making methods such as game theory algorithms appears. Therefore, the game theory provides an optimal compromise mode based on different opinions, at the same time, the opinions of different interest groups are considered to an acceptable extent without mixing. This basis clearly confirms the necessity of using participatory management. Because when the number of votes and interest groups increases, it becomes difficult to make a decision, and in this regard, by using multi-objective decision-making methods, a general consensus can be reached to identify the optimal pattern of prioritizing sub-watersheds. The first point is that the amount of differences in voters was the same based on two algorithms, Borda and Fallback, which, of course, the Condorcet algorithm has provided more balanced and acceptable values ​​in terms of comparison. Another point was that in all three algorithms, the amount of differences between the two local user groups and the policy-making body was less, and somehow their opinions were close to each other, and they had high differences with the executive organization. In all three algorithms, the amount of disagreement between the two local user groups and the policy-making institution was less, and in a way, their views were close to each other and had high differences with the executive organization. Also, a different prioritization was observed between the final consensus and the inter-sectorial and inter-institutional views. In general, it can be said that using the opinions of stakeholders in the watershed is fundamental for optimal and efficient decision-making and integrated watershed management, and this framework can be used in various issues in the watershed.

The presents study aims to evaluate the moderating role of participatory management in the relationship between the influence of the dark triad of personality on organizational citizenship behavior and mediating role of rudeness in the workplace. This study is considered as applied and descriptive-survey in terms of objective and nature, respectively. The population included 400 faculty members and 391 managerial employees, among which 259 people were estimated as a sample based on Cochran's formula. Then, about 200 people answered the questionnaire items applying the convenient sampling method. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire taken from Johnson and Webster (2010), Cortina et al. (2010), Podaskoff et al. (1990), and Webster and Smith (2019). Finally, the data were analyzed utilizing partial least squares (PLS) method. The results indicated that the dark triad of the personality affects the organizational citizenship behavior and rudeness in the workplace directly. In addition, rudeness in the workplace and participatory management affect organizational citizenship behavior significantly. Further, rudeness in the workplace moderates the relationship between dark triad of the personality and organizational citizenship behavior. Finally, participatory management moderates the relationship between the dark triad of personality and organizational citizenship behavior.Extended abstractIntroductionEach person's personality is regarded as universal and essential for individual, group, departmental, or organizational achievements. The dark triad of personality is considered as a cluster with three distinct dimensions of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy (Ebrahimi & Azami, 2019), leading to differences between social relations (Salman Chughtai & Ali Shah, 2020). In addition, rudeness in the workplace is among the forms of misbehavior in the organization so that a large number of employees face the rude behavior of their colleagues at work. Such harmful behaviors stem mostly from the personality traits of humans, not external environmental factors (Hadizadeh Moghadam et al., 2022). Today, participatory management is among the issues raised in the organizations. High participatory management atmosphere emphasizes organizational participation and knowledge, collaborative decision-making, and cooperation, as well as allowing the employees to exhibit independence in the workplace (Butts et al., 2009). Organizational citizenship behaviors are among the issues which indicate the positive behaviors of people in the workplace not directly required by the organization. No direct reward system supports such type of behavior, despite its significance for planning the psychological performance of employees (Aldbyani & Al-Abyadh, 2022). No study has been conducted to examine the dark aspects of personality on such behaviors in Iran and investigate the rudeness in the workplace as a mediating role and participatory management as a moderating moral factor, despite all of the positive effects of organizational citizenship behavior. This study can be useful in University of Mohaghegh Ardabili with its wide range of activities and employees including simple, semi-skilled, and expert ones, as well as appropriate access and cooperation of employees in distributing and collecting information. The present study seeks to analyze whether the dark triad of personality for employees in University of Mohaghegh Ardabili affects organizational citizenship behavior or whether rudeness in the workplace and participatory management play a critical role in this regard.Theoretical literatureThe dark side of the personality for the people in the organization affects the administrative and personal consequences at the workplace significantly because a set of different characteristics of the dark person such as "narcissism", "psychosis", and "Machiavellianism" affect the organizational behavior (Jensen et al., 2022). In addition, organizational citizenship behavior is regarded as a special form of behavior, which is known as useful for business as voluntary actions stemming from the peoples’ tendency in this regard (Nazari et al., 2020). Rudeness in the workplace is considered as an unhealthy behavior with low intensity and ambiguous intention manifested by its perpetrator in order to harm the target person (Hadizadeh Moghadam et al., 2022), while organizational citizenship behavior is concerned with the positive behavior of people which is not required by the organization in terms of their duties (Podsakoff et al., 2018). Managers may create environmental conditions which increase employee engagement and alter any of the dark personality traits in organizational citizenship behavior (Richardson & Vandenberg, 2005).Participatory management is regarded as a practice, which prioritizes participation, communication, and employee empowerment (Butts et al., 2009). Such management emphasizes the delegation of four main elements in the workplace including power, information, reward, and knowledge (Riordan et al., 2005). Thus, participatory management is applied as a moderator to bridge the research gap.Rezazadeh et al. (2022) indicated that people with psychological capital exhibit less dark traits in their personality, postpone the immediate gratification of the impulse, persevere, and produce and create efficiently. In addition, Javaezi Shishavan & Zeinali (2022) argued that a positive and significant relationship is observed between psychological schemas with four dark personality traits in students. Finally, Zafaranchizadeh Moqadam et al. (2022) claimed that no significant relationship is reported between dark personality traits with cold empathy, while a significant relationship is observed between the dark personality traits with theory of emotional and cognitive mind.MethodologyThis study is considered as applied and descriptive-survey in terms of objective and method, respectively. The population included 791 employees in University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, among which 200 people were selected as a sample based on the Cochran's formula using convenient sampling method. Finally, "dark triad of personality" (Johnson and Webster, 2010), "rudeness at workplace" (Cortina et al., 2001), "organizational citizenship behavior" (Podaskoff et al., 1990), and "participatory management" (Webster and Smith, 2019) were utilized to collect the data.ResultsThe method of structural equation modeling (SEM) with the partial least squares approach was applied with the help of SmartPLS software to check the hypotheses of the study. Based on the first hypothesis, dark triad affects organizational citizenship behavior with a path coefficient (PC) of 0.268. According to the second hypothesis, dark triad affects rudeness in the workplace with a PC of 0.901. The third hypothesis indicated that rudeness in the workplace affects organizational citizenship behavior significantly with a PC of 0.108. Based on the fourth hypothesis, rudeness in workplace mediates the relationship between dark triad and organizational citizenship behavior with a PC of 0.907. According to the fifth hypothesis, participatory management affects organizational citizenship behavior significantly with a PC of 0.621. Finally, the sixth hypothesis indicated that participatory management moderates the relationship between dark triad and organizational citizenship behavior with a PC of 0.040.ConclusionThe present study aims to assess the moderating role of participatory management in the relationship between the impact of the dark triad of personality on organizational citizenship behavior with the mediating role of rudeness in the workplace. The results of this study are in line with those reported by Salman Chughtai & Ali Shah (2020) and Webster & Smith (2019). Managers should present necessary policies and charters for organizational citizenship behaviors of employees considering the role and impact of dark personality traits on citizenship behavior at the level of organizations.Such people should reduce dark personality traits and increase organizational citizenship behaviors such as altruism, politeness, and grace by increasing independence, participation, and communication with employees. Managers should recruit forces with organizational citizenship behaviors by passing the personality tests, oblige the organization to explain organizational behaviors, and help strengthen the organizational citizenship behaviors among employees by promoting moral spirit considering the significant effect of rudeness in the workplace. Teaching the style of polite behavior in the organization through training courses can be helpful. In addition, employees appointed to managerial positions should believe in polite behavior styles and benefit from the criteria set for a polite manager regardless of any political and factional views.Managers should draw new horizons in the path of forming participatory management by trusting and delegating authority to the employees to expand their ideas in line with the development of participatory management at the organization level. Finally, managers should alter the culture of educational organizations to that encouraging the innovation and its institutionalization, as well as considering mistakes as educational opportunities and the first step in this path.

This study aims to design a model of participatory management and sustainable development based on rural tourism in the Cusco region. This approach is developed in a methodology of applied type and descriptive level through two data collection instruments that were the observation and the questionnaire applied to 67 rural tourism enterprises present in the area. The results show the need to improve the living conditions of the locals and the support they need to progress in their enterprises, create new sources of work and thereby offer a better service to future tourists who visit them. It is concluded that there must be an improvement in rural tourism considering the protection of the environment, being in this case strictly necessary since from there it is intended to obtain growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Sound natural resource governance arises from the interplay of social and institutional-environmental responses by all stakeholders. This collaborative approach provides a platform for strengthening civil society alongside the government and private sector in natural resource management. Traditional management methods need help to address the increasing complexity of natural resource issues. Consequently, several approaches have emerged in recent years, with good governance being the most prominent. Golestan province, occupying 1.3% of Iran's land area (20,367 square kilometers), is in the country's north. Unfortunately, deforestation, excessive livestock grazing, and other human activities have threatened Golestan's natural resources in recent decades, posing significant challenges. The depletion of natural resources, coupled with environmental crises like floods and droughts, underscores the need for a detailed investigation of the province's natural resource management practices. This study aims to evaluate the alignment of natural resource management in Golestan province with sound governance principles. Methodology: Seven indicators were selected for this research based on a comprehensive review of global and regional studies: participation, accountability, responsibility, rule of law and justice, transparency, efficiency and effectiveness, and consensus. The eastern cities of Golestan province served as the unit of analysis, with natural resource users and experts in these areas constituting the analysis unit. Cochran's formula determined the sample size, resulting in a target of 189 participants. After receiving and reviewing the questionnaires, 177 valid responses were included for statistical analysis. Additionally, 70 natural resource experts were selected to complete the questionnaire. User samples were randomly selected, while all experts were included (complete counting). Data analysis involved ttests and analysis of variance. Results: From the users' perspective, the overall good governance index for natural resources averaged 2.8884, less than the theoretical average. This indicates weak governance according to the study area's natural resource users. The lowest average scores were assigned to the rule of law, justice, transparency, and accountability. Experts expressed higher satisfaction levels with all indicators, with the highest scores (3.46 and 3.42) for accountability and responsibility, respectively. Experts identified efficiency and effectiveness as the most crucial factor for good governance, while users prioritized participation. Conclusion: The results reveal that the overall good governance index falls below the theoretical average, suggesting relatively weak governance of natural resources from the stakeholders' perspective in the studied area. This research emphasizes the importance of user involvement in natural resource projects, effective utilization of local knowledge, and strengthening cooperatives to improve the region's natural resource governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Objective: Maintaining and improving environmental security and quality of life is still the main challenge of the current period. Conservation of natural resources, especially in rural communities, requires effective communication between resource managers and indigenous communities. However, environmental conflict hinders the effectiveness of communication strategies. Therefore, in order to remove the obstacles to the participation of indigenous and local communities, it is possible to identify and prioritize the factors that lead to their poor cooperation in watershed management projects. In this regard, the purpose of the upcoming research is to examine and prioritize the obstacles to the participation of local communities in the watershed management projects of the Tajan river basin of Hyrcanian forests. Material and Methods: The research area is located in the area of Tajan river forests in the north of the country with an area of 30685 hectares in Mazandaran province. Identifying the effective factors on the barriers to people's participation in the watershed projects of the Tajan river area of the northern forests of the country was done based on library studies, asking experts, referring to the area, and face-to-face interviews with the residents of local communities. In the upcoming research, barriers to participation were categorized as 8 indicators. The tool for measuring and collecting data was a questionnaire. The group of experts confirmed the validity of the questionnaires. In order to check reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. In order to know the views of local communities about the importance of these factors, among the 425 household heads in the basin, 202 samples were selected according to Cochran's formula and questionnaires were completed. Also, to know the opinion of experts, questionnaires were completed by 23 experts. Alfie Cronbach's test checked the reliability of the questionnaires. In the following, the indicators affecting the weak participation of local communities in watershed projects were simultaneously ranked and prioritized using the OPA method. Results: The results showed that in prioritizing the criteria from the point of view of the researched communities using the Dimatel model, the educational criterion was chosen as the most effective criterion. Also, the results of the average rating of the indicators showed that the index "Interest in participating in forest projects" has the highest average rating of 4.72 among the indicators examined in the upcoming research. In addition, the results of weighting using the OPA model showed that the index "Participation in planting and fencing of Qargh areas" has the highest rank and the most weight among the indicators affecting the barriers to sustainable participation of local communities with a rank of 1 and a weight of 0.28. Conclusion: The findings of the research show that, based on the opinion of those involved, if the education tools are properly provided to these communities, they are ready to participate and participate in the implementation of the plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to bridge divides between political theory and management and organization studies in theorizing workplace democracy. To achieve this aim, the article begins by introducing a new definition of democracy which, it is contended, is better suited than mainstream accounts to highlight the democratizing potential of employee involvement. It then defines employee involvement as an offshoot of early twentieth-century humanistic psychologies, from which it inherits an emancipatory ambition. In a third step, the article presents employee involvement as a set of organizational practices liable to transform dominant patterns of authority and social interaction in the workplace. The article concludes by contending that, apart from representation/participation and the employee's voice, employee involvement must be considered the third necessary pillar of workplace democracy, endowed with distinctive normative features that neither representation/participation nor voices can aptly capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We live in a global age of “modernity out of joint and instrumental rationality” (J. Habermas), in which the neoliberal logic of development is imposed as the dominant way of rationalization in all activities (from the economy to education and culture). This is where we are faced with the phenomenon of the rise of academic capitalism in the management of universities. The spirit of corporate logic suppresses not only the statist way of managing universities, but also any other form of autonomous associative participatory development of universities as a cognitive-educational, rational and humane community of homo academicus. This paper explores the scope of different models of education management, with a special focus on the modern university and its development contradictions. The author culminates this paper with an invocation - that if the university is to become the key cognitive and developmental capital, a factor in the development of self-awareness and a treasurer of identity culture, and a participant in the humanistic-emancipatory processes of the democratic development of society and humanity, it must avoid the traps of both statist and corporate management. In other words, the modernization process of the university management system must follow the principles of a rational, humane and participative community, whose supreme values are: the creative search for truth, the development of an autonomous critical personality, lifelong learning, patriotism and philanthropy. Achieving these goals requires the preservation and development of the university's autonomy, because it is a prerequisite for its development as a creative and critical institution in the service of truth, people and humanity. Meeting these goals requires the preservation and development of the university's autonomy, because it is a prerequisite for its development as a creative and critical institution in the service of truth, people and humanity.

Riverine systems and associated fish populations worldwide are threatened by human impacts, especially in tropical countries with emerging economies. In India, community-based fish sanctuaries are a key mechanism for the conservation of freshwater fish populations, but there are few peer-reviewed studies on this subject. Here we integrate over 35 combined years of field experience with a literature synthesis to define and classify community-based fish sanctuaries. We present a novel, critical analysis of fish sanctuaries as social–ecological systems with a functional characterization based on natural capital, ecosystem services, human well-being, and policy and governance. We find that such sanctuaries are shaped by complex social–ecological processes, including coevolution of religious practices and ecological change, feedback processes created by retaliatory conflicts between river users, and diverse and dynamic governance strategies. These sanctuaries hold great potential for the conservation of rare fish species in India, but are subject to myriad threats at local, regional and global scales. Given the complexity of these social–ecological systems, we outline their conservation potential and highlight directions for future research.

Social network analysis is able to relate the status of the social system and the structures of relationships between stakeholders and social well-being, with reference to specific criteria and measurement of quantitative and mathematical indicators. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of achieving a correct management plan based on social monitoring in the form of relationships between greenspace actors in Tehran. In this research, the status of the social network of greenspace activists in Tehran was investigated based on the links between information exchange and participation. The results showed that the level of cohesion and social capital in the social network of local stakeholders in this area is weak to moderate and the stability of the network was estimated as moderate. Also, based on the QAP index, it can be said that the degree of correlation between the two networks of information exchange and participation among actors in the region has a high coefficient. The findings of this study can be used in line with principled policies in sustainable management of greenspaces in Tehran and for planning, decision-making and, ultimately, success in this field of inquiry. In this regard, the need to strengthen the links of information exchange and participation among stakeholders seems necessary to strengthen social capital to achieve a successful management in terms of sustainable management of urban greenspaces in this area.

The inadequacy of job retention policies in most public and private universities have been adduced as part of the reasons for the massive brain drain going on in the education sector in recent times. This research examined the influence of some organizational variables on lecturers’ job retention and its implications on job productivity. The research adopted the ex post facto research design and used the stratified random sampling technique to select a sample of 935 from a population of 4,392 lectures in public and private universities in Lagos and Ogun States. Five instruments were revalidated and adapted for the study and the analysis of data was done using multiple regression and Pearson Products Moment Correlation on three hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed that the three null hypotheses were rejected. Thus, the composite and relative contributions of the organizational variables; participatory management, performance appraisal and organizational commitment to job retention were seen to have high potency. Based on the findings, universities are advised to strengthen these organizational variables in order to improve job productivity as well as reduce the incidence of brain drain.

Many of the social and security issues of the Zayandeh-Rud basin are the result of the government becoming the sole agent of governance and the gaps in the command-control governance structure. It is clear that the main issue to achieve participatory governance is the gap in stakeholder relations and the lack of a coherent and flexible agenda to improve these relations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to provide solutions for improving relationships as a starting point and key to reforming the governance structure. The management and transition framework (MTF) was used to analyze the stakeholders and the relationships between them that showed the concentration of tension in the relationship between Isfahan farmers and the Ministry of Energy (Isfahan Regional Water Company). Also, using the MTF database and the participatory model building (PMB) based on interviews with key Stakeholders, the causes, solutions, consequences, and obstacles to improve these relationships were extracted in the form of causal circles. Finally, by focusing on the solutions, the conceptual model of improving the relations between the Stakeholders and the solutions presented by the interviewees, including holding local elections and convening the Zayandeh-Rud Basin water assembly, mediation with interdisciplinary knowledge approach, participatory management working groups, the formation and strengthening of the economic committee improve the livelihood of farmers, the holding of government meetings with farmers and industries were reviewed.

Involving local people in natural area management is very important to address the complexity of environmental management issues for the sustainable use of local resources. Participatory methods require the contribution of local stakeholders in decision-making. Mapping the environmental views of local communities allows for the detection of aspects that could facilitate management efforts. This research—in the frame of the Skyros LIFE project and the PAMNATURA project—measures the local acceptability of the conservation actions proposed by the LIFE project in Skyros island (Greece), in relation to recording local people’s environmental orientation using the 15-item revised New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale. The research was carried out by means of questionnaires. The LIFE project proposed actions were grouped into three categories according to their theme, i.e., promoting (a) nature protection, (b) agro-pastoralism and (c) ecotourism. The sample seems to largely agree with the LIFE project proposals, while the results showed high scores for most of the NEP scale items, implying pro-environmental beliefs, though there appears to be disagreement or neutrality regarding a few items. The local acceptability of the proposed actions was found to correlate to local people’s environmental concern measured through the NEP scale. Drawing on the results, the implementation of actions related directly or indirectly to economic activities and the preservation of traditional activities, as well as environmental education and interactive informing and consultation, could enhance local participation. Skyros island seems to offer an appropriate social background for applying participatory and adaptive management and implementing conservation programs.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recognize the interconnectivity between a diverse set of agendas. Identifying policies and practices that can reconcile incompatibilities across goals remains a challenge. With concurrent biodiversity and climate crises, the world faces increased pressure to find effective options for building resilience in remaining intact landscapes and ecosystems, which is critical for making progress toward several SDGs. While pressures on biodiversity and ecosystems have intensified dramatically, recent studies have shown a high geographic coincidence between important ecosystems and social conflict. Considering this, it is critical to understand how to manage Protected Areas (PAs) to effectively deliver environmental and social dividends while also minimizing or effectively managing stakeholder conflict. In this study, we present the results of an online survey of PA managers administered in 2021 to explore these themes. We conduct correlational analysis to identify patterns in survey data provided by PA managers from a variety of geographies. Building upon previous studies on the interlinkages between PA governance and social conflict, our results highlight the real challenge conflict presents for conservation efforts. Our findings also indicate that broader and more inclusive involvement of a wide range stakeholders in PA management is critical for enabling better environmental and social outcomes, but many PA managers lack the resources and support needed to effectively involve a wide array of stakeholders. Future studies should undertake case studies and qualitative work to uncover the dynamics between stakeholder conflicts, exogenous shocks, and conservation in specific contexts.

Abstract Encouraging stakeholder participation is now considered an appropriate approach to green space improvement. The main question is how to have people participate in the improvement process. This study aims to propose a participatory stakeholder management model of green space improvement in Tehran Metropolis. Therefore, 190 of Tehran Municipality’s green space experts were selected as the statistical population for in-person and field interviews. The dependent research variable was defined as the green space improvement measured in four dimensions (i.e., green space planning, green space designing, green space implementation, and green space maintenance). However, the independent variable included the aspects of participatory management (i.e., participation in goal-setting, participation in decision-making, participation in organizational change, participation in problem-solving, and organizational culture). The results indicated that only organizational culture and participation in organizational change explained nearly 96% of participatory management variations and improved 67% of the green space.

From the 1990s, urban policy in Algeria underwent significant upheavals, including authoritarian management, which was replaced by participatory management. Following the example of Algerian cities, the city of Batna adheres with this new vision, hence the implementation of a partnership program that involves various stakeholders including the citizen. The latter is present within multiple associations. The objective of this work is to highlight the activism of neighborhood associations as a representative element of civil society and their determining role in the management of different situations. To report on this issue, a field survey was conducted in the form of semi-directive interviews addressed to the three local actors: associations, citizens and elected officials.

Copyright of R&S: Research Studies Anatolia Journal is the property of Dr. Arif Yildiz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aimed 1) to study the current and desirable conditions of participatory management for enhancing student’s competency under Buriram Primary Educational Office Area 2 2) to propose a participatory management approach for enhancing students competency under Buriram Primary Educational Office Area 2. Multi method research was used carried out in two stages. Stage 1. Study of the present and desirable conditions of participatory management. There were 302 samples which consisted of (i) deputy director of Buriram Primary Educational Office Area 2, (ii) administrators of schools, (iii) educational supervisors, (iv) government teachers, (v) education personnel, (vi) Board of Basic Education institutions and parents of students from 229 schools. The instrument used in the research was a 5 rating scale questionnaire about the condition of participatory management for enhancing students competency under Buriram Primary Educational Office Area 2. Data were analyzed by using frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation and content analysis. Stage 2. A study on participatory management guidelines. The key informants consisted of 1 1 people, comprising 1 deputy director of Buriram Primary Educational Office Area 2, 1 educational supervisor, 4 school administrators, 3 teachers and 1 basic education committee member and 1 student’s parent. Research instrument was a semi-structured interview analyzed by content analysis. The results showed that 1) the current state of participatory management for enhancing students competency under Buriram Primary Educational Office Area2, for all aspects, was at a high level ( =4.31). 2) The results of the study on participatory management guidelines concluded that school administrators, teachers, educational personnel and stakeholders should be involved in planning and setting goals in participation for the decision making aspect, participation in the operation aspect, participation in resource system control and participation in the evaluation, audit and report aspects.

This paper analyzes the adequacy of the existing legal framework in the field of culture, i.e. the regulation of the status, management, and financing of public cultural institutions, especially those that are not regulated by special laws. The intention of this paper was to point out possible shortcomings in the existing regulation and self-regulation and to propose potential improvements to the legal regulation, all with the aim of establishing a modern normative framework for improving the conditions of management and financing of public cultural institutions in the Republic of Croatia. The position and powers of cultural councils as bodies that have an important role in deciding on the allocation of financial budget resources to cultural projects, as an example of contemporary cultural policy, are particularly pointed out. However, in their work, there is a possibility of a conflict of interest due to the disproportion of their status in the cultural field, and it is necessary to create appropriate legislative solutions that will eliminate the possibility of abuse of positions, i.e. interest-based subjective treatment when disposing of public funds for public needs in culture. By establishing cultural councils, the cultural policy of the Republic of Croatia follows the principles of contemporary cultural policy, whereby decision-making and co-decision-making on cultural issues are decentralized and directed to the levels of local and regional administration units: counties, cities, or municipalities, with the introduction of various modalities of participatory management, including the establishment of cultural Council. In this paper, we point out certain legal deficiencies and, in this sense, the need for further amendments to the regulations, and we list solutions that follow from the legal provisions and should be contained in the founding acts, statutes and other general documents of the cultural institutions themselves.

Riverine systems and associated fish populations worldwide are threatened by human impacts, especially in tropical countries with emerging economies. In India, community-based fish sanctuaries are a key mechanism for the conservation of freshwater fish populations, but there are few peer-reviewed studies on this subject. Here we integrate over 35 combined years of field experience with a literature synthesis to define and classify community-based fish sanctuaries. We present a novel, critical analysis of fish sanctuaries as social–ecological systems with a functional characterization based on natural capital, ecosystem services, human well-being, and policy and governance. We find that such sanctuaries are shaped by complex social–ecological processes, including coevolution of religious practices and ecological change, feedback processes created by retaliatory conflicts between river users, and diverse and dynamic governance strategies. These sanctuaries hold great potential for the conservation of rare fish species in India, but are subject to myriad threats at local, regional and global scales. Given the complexity of these social–ecological systems, we outline their conservation potential and highlight directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Choosing an optimal decision-making method for watershed management is a problem that has always attracted the attention of researchers, and various methods have been used to achieve this goal. Participatory management is a collaborative process to participate in gathering information, making decisions, and carrying out projects that lead to solving complex social and environmental problems. As it is known, the integrated watershed management approach is a method to achieve sustainable development. Considering the existence of challenges such as floods, one of the useful approaches to solve the existing challenges is to use the approach of integrated watershed management, which is agreed upon by most of the scientific and executive community. The multidimensionality of the watershed system, its integration with socio-economic systems, and the involvement of stakeholder opinions are one of the most important components in the watershed operation and conservation. Therefore, the present study seeks to investigate the necessity of using inter-sectorial management and benefit from the consensus of the main stakeholders using game theory algorithms in 15 sub-watersheds of the Cheshmeh-Kileh Watershed in Tonekabon City. Sehezar and Dohezar rivers are the most important rivers of the Cheshmeh-Kileh Watershed which originate from the Takht-e-Soliman, Alamut, and Khashchal mountain regions. The high capacity of the riverside lands and the limitation of suitable lands in the watershed have caused many agricultural activities to be concentrated along the river, which is severely affected by floods. Materials and Methods In the present study, semi-structured interviews were used to collect information about the flood generation potential. The stakeholders included local stakeholders, policy makers, and the executive organization. Game theory algorithms including the Condorcet algorithm, Borda scoring, and Fallback bargaining were used to prioritize the sub-watersheds. First, the prioritization of each of the three groups was analyzed, and then the results of the consensus of the group and their comparison with the sectional decisions were examined. In this connection, first, the sample size was determined using Cochran and the opinion of the stakeholders was asked regarding the flood generation potential of the sub-watersheds. The number of interviewees in subgroups of local users, policy making institutions, and executive organizations were 75, 13, and 6 respectively. It is worth mentioning that in order to eliminate the effect of the number of interviewees in the final results; the priorities were standardized and dimensionless. In order to prioritize by the stakeholders, first, various maps of subwatersheds, roads, and even the location of villages were prepared with appropriate quality. Then, they were asked to prioritize the sub-watersheds in terms of flood generation potential based on their personal experiences, local knowledge, technical and policy. In the group of local watershed users and residents, random sampling was done from 21 Cheshmeh-Kileh Watershed villages in Tanekabon city and Mazandaran province. Results and Discussion Based on the study findings, by comparing the two priorities of the stakeholders and the differences between the popular, institutional and policy-making sectors, it can be said that in the Condorcet algorithm, the rate of differences in the voting of local users with policy-making institutions, local users with the executive organization and policy-making institutions with executive organization is 33.33, 66.67, and 80 %, respectively. These differences based on Borda scoring algorithms and Fallback bargaining are 53.33, 66.67, and 93.33 %, respectively. According to the local operators, in all three algorithms based on game theory, Takht-e-Soleiman, Garmarood, and Selajanbar sub-watersheds have the highest flood generation potential in the Sehezar River. Meanwhile, Ketehroud, Holian, and Yandasht sub-watersheds have a low flood generation potential in this river. Regarding the Dohezar River, it can be said that the results of all three algorithms based on the theory of games were almost the same, and Niardareh, Khashchal, and Nosha have the highest potential, and Miankooh, Daryasar, and Golestan-Mohalleh sub-watersheds have the lowest flood generation potential. The second group of interviewees was the executive organization that used the opinions of technical and watershed management experts of the General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of West MazandaranNowshahr. The opinions of this department were different from those of local users. Also, in the Dohezar River, the Niardareh, Khashchal, and Nosha sub-watersheds were given the highest priority, and the Miankooh, Daryasar, and Golestan-Mahalleh sub-watersheds were the lowest priority. Conclusion Due to the fact that in the watershed system and in optimal decision-making, there is a wide variety of opinions and differences of opinion, on this basis, the conceptual basis of the application of multi-objective decisionmaking methods such as game theory algorithms appears. Therefore, the game theory provides an optimal compromise mode based on different opinions, at the same time, the opinions of different interest groups are considered to an acceptable extent without mixing. This basis clearly confirms the necessity of using participatory management. Because when the number of votes and interest groups increases, it becomes difficult to make a decision, and in this regard, by using multi-objective decision-making methods, a general consensus can be reached to identify the optimal pattern of prioritizing sub-watersheds. The first point is that the amount of differences in voters was the same based on two algorithms, Borda and Fallback, which, of course, the Condorcet algorithm has provided more balanced and acceptable values in terms of comparison. Another point was that in all three algorithms, the amount of differences between the two local user groups and the policymaking body was less, and somehow their opinions were close to each other, and they had high differences with the executive organization. In all three algorithms, the amount of disagreement between the two local user groups and the policy-making institution was less, and in a way, their views were close to each other and had high differences with the executive organization. Also, a different prioritization was observed between the final consensus and the inter-sectorial and inter-institutional views. In general, it can be said that using the opinions of stakeholders in the watershed is fundamental for optimal and efficient decision-making and integrated watershed management, and this framework can be used in various issues in the watershed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protected areas serve as stepping stones for the preservation of biodiversity, and can provide economic and social benefits to communities. National parks aim to limit human intervention to safeguard natural communities and processes. This study analyzes the impacts of transforming the Křivoklátsko Protected Landscape Area into the proposed Křivoklátsko National Park in the Czech Republic, which is a program promoted by political parties. Using the quintuple helix model, it assesses the change from a sustainable development perspective. The analysis considers economic, social, and environmental aspects, including the impact on the local inhabitants, the economy, forestry, business activities, and regional development. The existing management in the Křivoklátsko region exemplifies sustainable multifunctional forest management. Based on the evaluation, the study finds insufficient arguments for declaring the Křivoklátsko National Park. The study emphasizes the need to balance the social demand for nature protection with the awareness of existing measures and specific area conditions. Nature protection should integrate itself into all human activities within the culturally and historically created landscape, rather than solely pursuing political goals. Participatory forestry management plays a crucial role in landscape transformation. The study highlights the importance of sustainable landscape development and the interactions between the university, government, industry, and civil sector actors with the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African cities are characterized by urbanization, social and economic problems that very often favor crises in the development of their spaces. The city of Bouake, in the center of Côte d'Ivoire, has been experiencing urban sprawl since 1980. This urban sprawl is the result of shortcomings in urban land governance in Côte d'Ivoire following several land reforms. This study analyzes the successions of urban land reforms poorly suited to population growth and a difficult economic context in Bouake. The results obtained, from documentary research supported by field surveys, have revealed that the sprawl of the city of Bouake, as it appears today, is the result of a long process of land reforms rooted both in the history of the city, land planning and urbanization policies. The analysis of this spread territory from multifactorial analyzes has revealed that Bouake is characterized by a complex space, animated by dynamics of very marked socio-spatial differentiations. Several socio-economic factors and urban policies are very decisive in this phenomenon which continues to marginalize peri-urban households, increasingly subject to constraints of access to infrastructure, concentrated in the town center. This uncontrolled extension therefore leads to reconsider the evolution of the spatial occupation of Bouake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community forestry shifts power of management of forest from government to the community. At the same time, the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15(2) aims at sustainable forest management. This study aims at implementing SDG-15 through community forestry management in Nepal. Questionnaire survey method was applied for generating the qualitative data from the members of the Tarpakha Community Forest User Group along with interviews with concerned stakeholders of the forest user groups and field observation for understanding the real scenario of the forest and its surrounding. Out of information acquired from the survey, dependent and independent variables were categorized. For checking the effectiveness of one set of variables for sustainable management of forest, the variables were cross tabulated using Pearson's Chi square to test association and Phi and Cramer's V were used for further verification. Inspection of forests, plantation of forest, fire control, imposition of fines has been effective ways for sustainable forest management. Similarly, the conservation and management of forest resources are influenced by socio-economic benefits that are delivered to the people and the inclusive policies that are implemented in management approach. More enhancement in activities of community forestry user groups will surely help in achieving SDG - 15(2) by targeted period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this moment, el planeta corre el peligro de preocupare por las externalidades negatives debidas a los climáticos cambios, una gran cantidad de líderes en all el mundo try to project themselves towards greener energies and at lower cost. Those of the DRC are following in the footsteps of offering a ventana de oportunidad para inmensos recursos forestales ante una transición energética para la explotación de biomasa sólida (BS). Without embargo, the challenges to meet its innumerable con el example of the formalization of a collective political option for the improvement of the solid biomass that requires among other things that the scope of intervention of the various stakeholders in the management of the BS sea determined. As a basic preoccupation, we formulate the hypothesis of integrating all the other technical, regulatory and organizational aspects of environmental policies. Además, it is necessary to develop a model of consultation table for the solid biomasa and use the participatory management method of the stakeholders by integrating the factors of sustainability identified as a decisive lever in the management of the solid biomasa in the DRC.The DRC has a mesa redonda of multiple actors under the silvicultura comunitaria. The purpose of this table is to discuss the eficaz establishment of Congolese community forestry in a participatory approach leading de facto to the coexistence of customary law with modern law.While administrative dysfunctions and political governance jeopardize the entire forest system, Law no. Republica Democratica del Congo. With a view to creating the conditions for synergy between the different actors, this article proposes a mesa de concertación para las embarazadas de la BS.

In Burkina Faso, forest-based natural resources are important to local populations and to the country's economy. Most of the subsistence activities of these local populations revolve around forest resources, hence their dependence on these resources to meet their vital needs. In view of this dependence, any initiative for the sustainable exploitation of forest resources should first and foremost serve to satisfy their needs. Taking into account the specific rights of these populations is therefore an essential condition for the sustainable exploitation of forest resources. This has been recognized both internationally and nationally. As a result of this recognition, a legal and institutional framework has been defined to ensure that the specific rights of local populations are effectively taken into account in forest management. This is the participative and concerted management of forest resources. Provided it is effective, this framework should eventually lead to sustainable forest management that benefits all stakeholders. Innovative approaches have been tried out as part of its implementation, with fairly satisfactory results. However, these results remain insufficient. Hence the need to analyze the legal framework for logging and the protection of the rights of local populations in Burkina Faso, in order to identify the challenges involved in ensuring the effective participation of local populations in the management of national forest resources. Data from environmental law, environmental sciences, social sciences and anthropology are our main sources of data, which in the context of this analysis enabled us to demonstrate that the legal framework for forest exploitation does not sufficiently integrate the endogenous rights of local populations, and to show that the participatory approach, if implemented effectively, can contribute to sustainable management of forest resources while respecting the rights of local populations.