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Parasitic myomas occur especially after laparoscopic myomectomy and its incidence increases due to the use of morcellators. Parasitic myomas can rarely occur at the port entry site, being more commonly seen on the intestines, the omentum, the ureter, the bladder, and the diaphragm in different periods after surgery, the average duration being 24 months. In this article, we present the case of parasitic myoma developing secondary to the port site in a 45-year-old nulliparous woman after the use of laparoscopic myomectomy and morcellation 8 years ago. The patient presented with complaints of pelvic pain and a palpable mass in the left trocar incision line, and an appearance compatible with multiple myomas in the subcutaneous tissue of the left trocar incision line. Besides, myomas were also observed in the mesentery of the rectosigmoid colon and at the uterus in the present study. Numerous and large myomas were observed in the uterus, in the mesentery of the rectosigmoid colon, on the left pelvic peritoneum, and under the skin corresponding to the port entrance. The pathological examination of the myomas excised was reported as leiomyoma. In this article, the diagnosis, the treatment, the possible risk factors, and the complications of myomas were discussed in the light of the literature.

Abstract Background The cause of contamination and dissemination of leiomyoma tissue particles and cells in the peritoneal cavity during myomectomy is a challenging issue for both clinicians and researchers. Therefore, the article by Huang et al. recently published in your journal is the subject of this letter. Main body We comment on the role of laparoscopic condition in xenograft implantation and also highlighted the shortcomings of this study. The surgical technique of intramural fibroid enucleation, cell spillage during morcellation and postsurgical hormonal impact on the development of parasitic myomas become evident, while the contribution of CO2 insufflation, the fibroid’s nature, mutations and pseudocapsule impacts on angiogenesis are not clear. In addition, an exploration of the exact origin of implanted fragments harvested from the fibroid tissue and their nature might play a significant role in the implantation and the angiogenesis induction ability of xenografts. Conclusion Taking into account the current literature in the scope of this study, we suggest that the factors involved in development of parasitic myomas can be classified as confirmed and doubtful contributions.

Background: The cause of contamination and dissemination of leiomyoma tissue particles and cells in the peritoneal cavity during myomectomy is a challenging issue for both clinicians and researchers. Therefore, the article by Huang et al. recently published in your journal is the subject of this letter. Main body: We comment on the role of laparoscopic condition in xenograft implantation and also highlighted the shortcomings of this study. The surgical technique of intramural fibroid enucleation, cell spillage during morcellation and postsurgical hormonal impact on the development of parasitic myomas become evident, while the contribution of CO2 insufflation, the fibroid's nature, mutations and pseudocapsule impacts on angiogenesis are not clear. In addition, an exploration of the exact origin of implanted fragments harvested from the fibroid tissue and their nature might play a significant role in the implantation and the angiogenesis induction ability of xenografts. Conclusion: Taking into account the current literature in the scope of this study, we suggest that the factors involved in development of parasitic myomas can be classified as confirmed and doubtful contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Over the last decades minimally invasive surgical techniques are increasingly used to treat symptomatic leiomyomas, providing the patient decreased morbidity and more rapid return to daily activities. Morcellation is the fragmentation of a large mass into smaller pieces to make resection through port incisions possible. Over the last year there has been a discussion worldwide about the safety of morcellation.Objective: The aim of our study was to identify the complication rate of power morcellation at our institution.Study Design: We performed a retrospective chart analysis of patients undergoing laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy with morcellation. We compared the outcomes of patients undergoing laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy with the use of power morcellation with a control group of women who underwent laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy without morcellation. Women who underwent hysterectomy because of suspected malignancy were excluded.Results: A total of 358 patients underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy between 2004 and 2013; 186 laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomies and 172 laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomies. The main indication for laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy was heavy menstrual bleeding and pelvic pressure or pain (94.5%). Baseline characteristics were not significantly different except for body mass index, with a mean of 25.7 in laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy and 27.0 in laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy. There was a significant greater uterine weight in the laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy group (260g vs. 202g). The overall conversion rate was 5.3% (n=19), with no significant difference between the two groups and 79% of conversions being performed for strategic reasons. There was no statistical difference in intra-operative complication rate (2.1% vs. 1.2%). Pathology reports showed no unexpected malignancies. There was no statistical difference in the complication rate post-operatively (2.2% vs. 2.9%). The overall complication rate of laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy was 4.3% (n=8). Need for reoperation after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy was necessary in 7 patients (3.8%), with cervical amputation being the most common type of reoperation (n=5). In the laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy group there were significantly more adhesiolysis performed (n=4). Parasitic myomas were discovered in 1 patient two years after morcellation (0.5%).Conclusion: Our study showed no injuries directly related to morcellation. There were no unexpected malignancies morcellated and only one case of parasitic myomas (0.5%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this review is to summarize the cases of parasitic myomas after laparoscopic surgery. A literature search was performed using the PubMed database for the period of January 1997 to December 2014. We used the following keywords: “laparoscopic hysterectomy,” “laparoscopic myomectomy,” “morcellation,” “parasitic fibroids,” “parasitic myomas,” and “leiomyomatosis.” A total of 29 articles meeting the selection criteria were included in our review, describing 53 patients who underwent surgery for parasitic myomas. Parasitic myoma is a rare condition resulting from the small fibroid fragments left after morcellation and can be either asymptomatic or symptomatic. Although it is rare, patients should be informed about the risk of this condition after laparoscopic surgery. It is important for surgeons to look for small fibroid fragments during and after morcellation and make an effort to remove every piece of tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence and risk factors for uterine sarcomas and parasitic myomas at the time of power morcellation. Study Design We performed a retrospective review of 3523 women who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy from 2001-2012. Univariate analyses were used for the morcellation cases to identify potential risk factors. Multivariable logistic regression was performed. Results Nine hundred forty-one patients underwent power morcellation at the time of hysterectomy; 10 of 941 patients (1.1%) were diagnosed subsequently with uterine sarcomas or parasitic myomas. The overall incidence of uterine sarcoma was 6 of 941 (0.6%), with a median age of 47 years (range, 41–52 years). There was no association among any of the factors analyzed and uterine sarcoma. Three of 6 patients had sarcoma diagnosed on initial pathologic evaluation of the morcellated specimen; 3 patients had delayed diagnosis of sarcoma with benign disease at the time of the initial procedure (median time to second evaluation, 6 years). For parasitic myomas (n = 4), the median age was 35 years (range, 32–40 years), and the median time to second evaluation was 5 years. On multivariate analysis, age <40 years (odds ratio, 26; 95% confidence interval, 2.7015–261.9; P ≤ .01) was associated with higher risk of the development of parasitic myomas. Conclusion Uterine sarcoma was found in 0.6% of patients who underwent power morcellation but was not found to be associated significantly with any preoperative factors. All 6 cases were noted to have apparent fibroid tumors as an indication for their hysterectomy. Age <40 years was a risk factor for parasitic myomas after power morcellation. Patients should be counseled about these complications before power morcellation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To report a case of a woman who presented with parasitic myomas 27 months after laparoscopic myomectomy. Design: Case report. Setting: University medical center. Patient(s): A 31-year-old G0 woman who had a previous history significant for laparoscopic myomectomy with morcellation 27 months before. Intervention(s): Repeat laparoscopic myomectomy and review of video footage from previous myomectomy. Main Outcome Measure(s): Pathology report. Result(s): Repeat laparoscopic examination revealed two pedunculated and two parasitic myomas. Review of video footage from initial surgery revealed pieces of myoma dispersed within pelvis during morcellation. Conclusion(s): Pieces of initial myoma dispersed within the pelvis during morcellation may have developed into parasitic myomas. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]