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This demersal species occurs from southern Brazil to Argentina and is taken in multi-species commercial fisheries that target demersal fishes through much of its range. It is a smaller component of the catch of Paralichthys species as compared to catch of the sympatric P. patagonicus. For purposes of this assessment, half of the global population is considered to occur in Brazil and the other half in Uruguay and Argentina. According to landings and catch per unit effort data, the demersal fish stocks of Brazil are inferred to have declined by at least 30% and possibly to 50%. Due to the lack of specific data for this species, an estimate for population decline is not available or cannot be suspected at this time. According to stock assessment and fisheries data, there is no decline detected in the demersal stock in Argentina and Uruguay and abundance indices show an increase in recent years (since 2014). Fishing effort continues at an unsustainable level in Brazil, the fishery is not well-monitored and conservation measures are insufficient. Conservation measures in Argentina and Uruguay include a total allowable catch limit and regular monitoring of stock status. Based on the potential major threat from overfishing in at least half of its global population, but lack of quantified data, it is listed as Data Deficient with a recommendation to improve fisheries monitoring, including the collection of species-specific data, as well as implement conservation measures to reduce effort in Brazilian fisheries". Fil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina Fil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina Fil: Vieira, J. P.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; Brasil Fil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina Fil: Irigoyen, A.. No especifíca; Fil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; Chile Fil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chile

Five adult paralichthyid specimens with various kinds of abnormalities are reported from the south-west Atlantic Ocean. These abnormal flatfish specimens represent the first records of wholly ambicoloured Paralichthys orbignyanus specimens having a deep notch between the eye and dorsal fin and a partially albinistic specimen having skeletal deformities and only the second record of an almost totally ambicoloured specimen. We also report the first observation of reversal in Paralichthys patagonicus and an almost totally ambicoloured, reversed Xystreurys rasile.

Tesis presentada para optar el título: Magister em Aquicultura no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG. A densidade de estocagem é amplamente reconhecida como um fator crítico na aquicultura. A influência da densidade de estocagem sobre o crescimento e resposta ao estresse em juvenis de linguado (Paralichthys orbignyanus, ~ 1.580 - 8.359g, peso inicial ao final) foi examinada em peixes mantidos em 50% PCA (82 peixes / tanque), 100% PCA (164 peixes / tanque), 150% PCA (246 peixes / tanque) e 200% PCA (328 peixes / tanque) durante 45 dias num sistema de recirculação de aquacultura (RAS). Neste estudo, diferenças significativas foram encontradas no desempenho de crescimento entre as quatro densidades. O peso final no tratamento com 200% PCA foi significativamente menor (P

From September 2014 to November 2015, 30 Paralichthys orbignyanus specimens were obtained from Sepetiba Bay in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The fishes were necropsied and cestode larvae were recovered from the abdominal cavity, mesentery, and serosas of the stomach, intestine, spleen, liver, kidney and gonads. Nineteen fish were parasitized by a total of 90 trypanorhynch plerocerci. Based on morphological characters, these were identified as Pterobothrium crassicolle. The parasitism indices for P. crassicolle on P. orbignyanus, were 63.3% for prevalence, 4.7 for mean intensity, 3 for mean abundance and 1 to 18 for range of infection. These parasites were studied due to their importance during fish sanitary inspection, if one considers the harm that the repulsive aspect of infected fish may cause to consumers. This is the first record of P. crassicolle plerocerci parasitizing P. orbignyanus.

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2019-11-08T18:42:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Debora_Rodrigues_Silveira.pdf: 661611 bytes, checksum: 868d81d6a62aeb6236d75bb968ccd7ab (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2019-11-08T21:51:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Debora_Rodrigues_Silveira.pdf: 661611 bytes, checksum: 868d81d6a62aeb6236d75bb968ccd7ab (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2019-11-08T21:51:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Debora_Rodrigues_Silveira.pdf: 661611 bytes, checksum: 868d81d6a62aeb6236d75bb968ccd7ab (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-08T21:51:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Debora_Rodrigues_Silveira.pdf: 661611 bytes, checksum: 868d81d6a62aeb6236d75bb968ccd7ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES O estuário da Lagoa dos Patos representa uma importante área de criação para várias espécies de peixes e crustáceos de valor comercial, configurando-se como um polo pesqueiro artesanal. O pescado pode ser contaminado no ambiente em que vive ou durante a manipulação após a captura. Vibrio vulnificus apesar de sua importância como causador de doenças transmitidas por alimentos, ainda é pouco pesquisado como contaminante de pescados. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a ocorrência de V. vulnificus em pescados capturados no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, estabelecer a relação entre formação de biofilme e estresses subletais e verificar a resistência dos isolados frente a antimicrobianos e sanitizantes. Foram analisados 217 isolados característicos de Vibrio sp. obtidos a partir de 318 amostras de pescados capturados no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos nos anos de 2012 a 2016. Os isolados foram submetidos à identificação pela técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase utilizando-se primers para o gene cth específico de V. vulnificus. Posteriormente os isolados confirmados foram submetidos à verificação da capacidade de formar de biofilme, foi estudado o efeito de estresses subletais (diferentes temperaturas, pH e concentrações salinas) sobre a formação de biofilme e foi avaliada a resistência a antimicrobianos pela técnica de disco-difusão e concentração inibitória mínima, em placas de microtitulação, e concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) com os sanitizantes hipoclorito de sódio e dióxido de cloro. V. vulnificus foi isolado de P. orbignyanus e de M. furnieri. Os isolados foram capazes de formar biofilme. No entanto, essa capacidade foi diminuída ou eliminada após a exposição a estresses subletais. Os isolados apresentaram resistência à maioria dos antimicrobianos testados e não foram sensíveis a nenhum dos antimicrobianos, diferentemente do que se encontra na literatura. Os resultados da CBM mostraram que as concentrações de hipoclorito de sódio e dióxido de cloro necessárias para eliminar V. vulnificus são mais elevadas do que aquelas usualmente utilizadas na indústria de pescados. Este é o primeiro relato de isolamento de V. vulnificus de pescados capturados na Lagoa dos Patos. The estuary of the Lagoa dos Patos represents an important breeding ground for several species of fish and crustaceans of commercial value, forming an artisanal fishing pole. Fish may be contaminated in the ocean, and remain in the industry, or after capture. The presence of Vibrio vulnificus has been recorded in the waters along the Atlantic coast of South America. However, despite its importance as a cause of foodborne diseases, it is still little researched as a contaminant of fish. The main objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of V. vulnificus in fish caught in the Lagoa dos Patos estuary, to establish the relationship between biofilm formation and sublethal stress and to verify the resistance of the isolates to antibiotics and sanitizers. A total of 217 isolates characteristic of Vibrio sp. obtained from 318 samples of fish caught in the Lagoa dos Patos estuary from 2012 to 2016. The isolates were submitted to identification by the polymerase chain reaction technique using primers for the cth specific gene of V. vulnificus, after which the confirmed strains were submitted to verification of the formation of biofilm in microtiter plates with lids, biofilm formation after sublethal stresses with different temperatures, pH and saline concentrations. ubsequently, the confirmed isolates were submitted to the verification of the ability to form biofilm, the effect of sublethal stresses (different temperatures, pH and saline concentrations) on biofilm formation was studied and antimicrobial resistance was evaluated by disc diffusion technique and minimum inhibitory concentration, in microtiter plates, and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration with sanitizers sodium hypochlorite (1%) and chlorine dioxide (7%). V. vulnificus was isolated from P. orbignyanus and M. furnieri. The isolates were able to form biofilm. However, this capacity was decreased or eliminated after exposure to sublethal stress. The isolates showed resistance to most of the antimicrobials tested and were not sensitive to any of the antibiotics, differently from what is found in the literature. The CBM results showed that the concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide required to kill V. vulnificus are higher than those commonly used in the fish industry. This is the first report of isolation of V. vulnificus from fish caught in the Lagoa dos Patos.

Over the last decades the anthropogenic contamination impact has substantially increased in the Bahía Blanca estuarine area, and scarceinformation exists regarding metals in the biotic compartment of this estuary. Thus, fish tissues were used to evaluate metal accumulation within this aquatic environment. The study focused on the determination of Cr, Pb, Fe and Mn in the gills, liver and muscle tissues of six commercial fish species (Brevoortia aurea, Odontesthes argentinensis, Micropogonias furnieri, Cynoscion guatucupa, Mustelus schmitti and Paralichthys orbignyanus).From the results it can be summarized that C. guatucupa tends to accumulate higher metal levels in the liver tissues, mostly Cr and Fe, than the other studied species. O. argentinensis and P. orbignyanus, both permanent34 inhabitants of the BBE, achieved the highest metal values in the gill tissues, mostly in comparison to M. schmitti. The gill tissues were found to be the main organ of Mn and Ni accumulation for most species, whereas in general, minimum concentrations were found for all the analyzed metals in the muscle tissues. Nevertheless, and according to the guidelines, all fish species showed at least one sample with concentrations of Mn and/or Cr above the permissible levels for human consumption. Finally, it was highlighted the usefulness of selecting these fish species as bioindicators of metal pollution, since they are either permanent inhabitants of the estuary or, according to the sizes under analyses, spend much of their time in this coastal waters. Fil: la Colla, Noelia Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina Fil: Botté, Sandra Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentina Fil: Oliva, Ana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina Fil: Marcovecchio, Jorge Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina. Universidad FASTA "Santo Tomas de Aquino"; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentina

12 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables, [EN] In some routine studies of larval condition based on RNA:DNA ratios, heads and/or guts are removed for further age and feeding analysis. Also, during capture larvae are often found with their eyes missing. In this work we analysed tissues effects (muscle, head, eye, gut and the whole larvae) on RNA:DNA ratios from different species (Sardina pilchardus, Engraulis encrasicolus, Atherina presbyter and Paralichthys orbignyanus) in different developmental stages and from different locations. For all species and development phases, it was shown that RNA:DNA ratios in the head were significantly lower than in muscle or gut. The comparison of RNA:DNA ratios of head with or without eyes did not show significant differences. In a comparison of results from muscle from two tail sections, RNA:DNA ratios were higher for the anterior section in Sardina pilchardus and Engraulis encrasicolus larvae. Caution is needed when RNA:DNA ratios are compared with other studies employing different dissection protocols. For the species studied we propose conversion factors to be applied to RNA:DNA ratio data when different body sections are analysed. We discuss the most appropriate tissues for assessing nutritional condition in fish larvae, based on trends in concentrations of nucleic acids and ratios during starvation experiments, [ES] Efecto del tipo de tejido sobre los cocientes ARN:ADN en larvas de peces marinos. – En estudios de condición nutricional larvaria basados en la relación ARN:ADN, las cabezas y/o tubos digestivos suelen diseccionarse para posteriores estudios de edad o alimentación. Además, durante la captura algunas larvas pierden los ojos. En este trabajo analizamos el efecto de diferentes tejidos (músculo, cabeza, ojos y tubo digestivo) sobre la relación ARN:ADN en Sardina pilchardus, Engraulis encrasicolus, Atherina presbyter y Paralichthys orbignyanus, en diferentes estadios de desarrollo y en diversas regiones. En todas las especies la relación ARN:ADN en la cabeza fue significativamente menor que para el músculo o el tubo digestivo. La comparación de la relación ARN:ADN de la cabeza con o sin ojos no mostró diferencias significativas. Al comparar dos secciones de músculo de la cola en Sardina pilchardus y Engraulis encrasicolus se observó mayor ARN:ADN en la parte anterior que en la posterior. Es necesaria precaución cuando se comparan ARN:ADN entre estudios que emplean diferentes protocolos de disección. Proponemos factores de conversión para ser aplicados a las relaciones ARN:ADN cuando se analizan diferentes secciones del cuerpo. Se discute cuales son los tejidos más apropiados para determinar la condición nutricional de larvas de peces, basados en las concentraciones de ácidos nucleicos y sus cocientes obtenidos en experimentos de inanición, This work was partially funded by the Spanish CTM2004-03510-C02-01/MAR Project, the “Centre de Referència de Recerca i Desenvolupament en Aqüicultura (CRA-CIRIT)” of the “Generalitat de Catalunya” and the Portuguese “Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia” that financed the sabbatical grant to Maria Alexandra Chícharo (SFRH/BSAB/745 /2007), financed by Portuguese “Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia” and by the Spanish CTM2004-03510 C02-01/MAR Project. M.V. Díaz acknowledges MAEC-AECI Fellowship support from the Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional

We found intense myoliquefaction in vivo among specimens of wild and farmed South American flatfish Paralichthys orbignyanus Valenciennes, 1839. The soft flesh condition was attributed to Myxobolus sp. since the fish were not infected by myxosporeans which are usually associated with this condition (Kudoa spp.), and other causes (bacteria, fungi) were not found. The histopathology of the infection is described.

Collecting by Alcide D'Orbigny in the western South Atlantic provided material for Platessa orbignyana Valenciennes, 1839, published as an illustration of the holotype without accompanying descriptive information. A brief and inadequate description was provided in 1847. Thereafter, the holotype was thought to be lost, precluding comparative study and resulting in nomenclatural confusion for other nominal paralichthyid species. A specimen of Paralichthys collected in the Rio de la Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina by D'Orbigny at the Museum national d'histoire naturelle (MNHN 1999-0295) is here identified as the holotype of Platessa orbignyana Valenciennes, 1839. A redescription of the holotype and comparison with other South Atlantic species resolves several nomenclatural issues.

Brasilochondria riograndensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Copepoda, Chondracanthidae) a parasite of the flounder, Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1839), is described. The new genus has a spherical head a post-mandibular "neck" and two pairs of modified biramous legs. In these respects, it resembles Argentinochondria patagonensis Etchegoin, Timi & Sardella, 2003. In the Argentine genus, however, the bulbous head has a medial constriction and the posterior of the female lacks the lateral extensions that are present in the new genus. Pseudolernentoma brasiliensis Luque & Alves, 2003, also resembles the new genus but it lacks the lateral extensions of the trunk and the latter is cylindrical rather than flat. The second leg of the new genus is small and the endopod is shorter than the exopod. The other two genera have large second legs with subequal rami.Brasilochondria riograndensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Copepoda, Chondracanthidae), um parasito do linguado, Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1839), é descrito. O novo gênero tem uma cabeça esférica, um "pescoço" pós-mandíbular e dois pares de pernas que são birremes e modificados na fêmea. Nestes aspectos, ela parece com Argentinochondria patagonensis Etchegoin, Timi & Sardella, 2003. Nesta, no entanto, a cabeça é esférica com uma constrição medial e na parte posterior do tronco faltam as extensões póstero-laterais que o novo gênero possui. Pseudolernentoma brasiliensis Luque & Alves, 2003, é também parecido com o novo gênero, mas carece das extensões póstero-laterais e o mesmo tronco é cilíndrico em vez de achatado. A segunda perna no novo gênero é pequena e o endopodito é mais curto que o exopodito. Nos outros dois gêneros, as segundas pernas são grandes e os ramos são sub-iguais.

Summary The aims of this work were to evaluate the fillet yield and the skin area production of wild-caught (male × female) and indoor-reared male Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus. Fillet yield of wild-caught Brazilian flounder is high, averaging 53.4 ± 0.7 and 51.2 ± 0.6% to female and male, respectively. However, indoor-reared male flounder show even higher (P

O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar os efeitos da restrição alimentar em juvenis do linguado Paralichthys orbignyanus. Para isso foram comparados peixes Alimentados (A) e peixes mantidos em Jejum (J) durante 8 semanas. Foram realizadas amostragens de seis peixes por tratamento nas semanas 0, 1, 2, 4 e 8 para comparação da utilização das reservas energéticas no fígado, plasma e músculo e o efeito da restrição alimentar na morfologia do rim e intestino. Os resultados mostraram que o jejum produziu variações nos índices biométricos e nas reservas energéticas (principalmente hepáticas) ao longo do tempo. O fator de condição diminuiu na 8 semana, enquanto o índice hepatossomático e o viscerossomático diminuíram a partir de 2 semanas. O colesterol plasmático aumentou enquanto o hepático diminuiu, indicando um possível transporte para a síntese de cortisol como resposta ao estresse. Níveis de glicose, proteínas e triglicerídeos plasmáticos foram mantidos ao longo do tempo, o mesmo foi observado para osmolalidade. O glicogênio plasmático apresentou aumento na semana 8, indicando possivelmente um acúmulo de glicose na forma de glicogênio. Já no músculo houve pico dos valores de glicose na semana 4 e aumento na quantidade de proteínas na semana 8. Os lipídeos musculares apresentaram variações ao longo do tempo similares em ambos os tratamentos, aumentando na semana 2 no tratamento A e na 4 no J; de forma antagônica a umidade diminuiu em ambos os tratamentos. No fígado ocorreu diminuição significativa no glicogênio e nos triglicerídeos na semana 2, e na glicose e nas proteínas na semana 4. Os triglicerídeos aumentaram nas semanas 4 e 8, possivelmente devido ao processo de re-esterificação dos ácidos graxos, formando lipoproteínas. Quanto aos parâmetros histológicos, não foram observadas diferenças no grau de deposição e tamanho dos melano-macrófagos no rim, nem nos parâmetros morfológicos intestinais. Os juvenis de iii linguado sobrevivem durante oito semanas em jejum utilizando reservas energéticas hepáticas e sem sofrer modificações estruturais no rim e intestino. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of starvation in Paralichthys orbignyanus juveniles. For that, two treatments were compared, where one group was Feeding (F) and the other was Starved (S). To compare between treatments, samples of six fish per treatment were taken in weeks 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8. There were compared the use of energetic reserves in liver, blood plasma and muscle, and the effect of starvation in the morphology of the kidney and the intestine of the fish. The results showed that starvation produced variations in biometric indexes and in energetic reserves (principally hepatic) along the time. The condition factor decreased at 8 weeks, while hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes decreased both from week 2. Plasmatic cholesterol raised and the hepatic decreased, indicating a possible transport for cortisol synthesis as a stress response. Glucose, protein and triglyceride plasmatic levels were maintained along the time, corroborated by the constant levels of osmolality. Glycogen raised at week 8, indicating a possible glucose accumulation in the form of glycogen. The muscle suffered a glucose pike at week 4 and a rise in protein at week 8. Lipids showed variations along the time similar in both treatments, whit a rise at week 2 in F and in week 4 in S. In an antagonistic way, there was a moisture decrease in both treatments. The liver suffered a significant drop of glycogen and triglycerides at week 2, and in glucose and proteins at week 4. Triglycerides raised at weeks 4 and 8 possibly because of the process of fatty acid re esterification, leading to the formation on lipoproteins. With respect to histological parameters, there were not observed differences in the degree of deposition and the size of melano-macrophages, neither in the morphological parameters of the intestine. Although, P. orbignyanus juveniles can survive to 8 weeks of starvation using the hepatic energy stores without suffering structural changes in the kidney and in the intestine.

L'azote ammoniacal est un toxique potentiel en elevage de poissons ayant des effets plus ou moins severes selon la concentration ambiante et la duree d'exposition. Dans une premiere partie, nous rappelons que l'AAT (somme de NH 4 + et NH 3 ) est toxique essentiellement sous sa forme NH 3 . Des qu'un poisson se trouve en presence de niveaux d'AAT anormalement eleves, il y a entree d'AAT surtout sous forme de NH 3 et diffusion dans les differents compartiments du poisson (a l'equilibre, le NH 4 + est dominant). Selon les conditions d'exposition, differents etats d'equilibre se succedent entre le poisson et le milieu des lors que ses capacites d'excretion sont affectees. A partir d'un certain niveau de concentration d'AAT dans le sang et les tissus, le poisson n'arrive plus a reguler ses fonctions vitales, le seuil de toxicite est atteint. Nous faisons ensuite la synthese de l'etat des connaissances des effets de l'AAT sur la survie et la croissance du turbot (Psetta maxima) en le comparant a d'autres especes de poissons elevees en mer ou en eau douce. A court terme, la sensibilite du turbot a l'AAT est du meme ordre de grandeur que celle de la daurade et du bar, la 96-h CL50 (concentration letale pour 50 % de la population) varie dans une fourchette de 1 a 3 mg/l NH 3 . Des valeurs aussi elevees ne peuvent etre qu'accidentellement rencontrees, meme dans les elevages a haute densite. Chez toutes les especes marines eprouvees, le seuil de toxicite chronique est plus bas, 0,8-1 mg/l NH 3 pour une duree d'exposition n'excedant pas un mois. Chez le turbot, la croissance est ralentie a 0,33 mg/l NH 3 en moyenne et sensiblement aux memes valeurs chez le bar et la daurade. Chez ces memes especes selon la dure d'exposition, il y a risque de perturbation de la croissance au-dessus de 0,11 mg/l NH 3 , ce qui correspond aux pics de concentrations dans les elevages a haute densite utilisant des circuits fermes. Ces seuils de securite en termes de croissance sont sensiblement plus bas chez les salmonides (0,02-0,15 mg/l NH 3 ), surtout pendant la phase d'eau douce. En definitive, dans des conditions de croissance par ailleurs optimales (facteurs du milieu et alimentation) le turbot et les poissons marins, pris au stade juvenile, sont relativement tolerants a l'AAT. Toutefois leur sensibilite est etroitement dependante de facteurs environnementaux tels que le pH et la disponibilite en oxygene. Elle peut de meme etre modulee par les conditions d'exposition : pre-acclimatation, niveaux fluctuants d'AAT et duree d'exposition.

Submitted by Maria Beatriz Vieira (mbeatriz.vieira@gmail.com) on 2019-10-16T13:31:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_janaina_viana_da_rosa.pdf: 635818 bytes, checksum: 8dda48483c51cd42cc1a8f62469751b1 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2019-10-16T15:06:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_janaina_viana_da_rosa.pdf: 635818 bytes, checksum: 8dda48483c51cd42cc1a8f62469751b1 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-16T15:06:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_janaina_viana_da_rosa.pdf: 635818 bytes, checksum: 8dda48483c51cd42cc1a8f62469751b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Nos últimos anos, o consumo de peixes vem aumentando, já que ele fornece proteínas, possui baixa quantidade de gordura saturada e é rico em micronutrientes, além de ser também fonte de ácidos graxos que oferecem benefícios para a saúde. Entretanto, os pescados constituem um potencial veículo de micro-organismos causadores de doenças em seres humanos, estando sujeitos à contaminação por micro-organismos adquiridos tanto no ambiente aquático, como durante a captura, manipulação e transporte. Treze desembarques de pescados foram acompanhados e 130 peixes (65 inteiros e 65 limpos) foram analisados quanto à presença de Vibrio parahaemolyticus e Salmonella enterica. Os peixes provenientes do estuário da Lagoa dos Patos foram coletados no desembarque e após o processamento, e analisados para verificar a sua contaminação. Para comparação dos isolados, foi feita análise pela rep-PCR. As espécies desembarcadas foram a corvina (Micropogonias furnieri), a tainha (Mugil platanus) e o linguado (Paralichthys orbignyanus). V. parahaemolyticus foi isolado de 4,61% amostras de peixes inteiros e 4,61% de peixes já eviscerados e prontos para o comércio. S. enterica foi isolada de 1,54% de eviscerados. Quatro cepas V. parahaemolyticus, apresentaram idêntico perfil de bandas, sendo uma de peixe inteiro e uma de peixe eviscerado do 2º desembarque e duas do 3º desembarque, ambas de peixes já limpos. Outras duas cepas foram oriundas de peixes inteiros de desembarques diferentes e apresentaram distintos perfis de bandas. No caso do 2º desembarque, a matéria-prima permaneceu contaminada com a mesma cepa bacteriana mesmo após a evisceração e a higienização do pescado para venda, indicando que estes procedimentos não foram suficientes para eliminar o micro-organismo do alimento. No 3º desembarque, provavelmente tenha ocorrido contaminação cruzada a partir de algum outro pescado contaminado. S. enterica foi identificada em duas amostras de peixes já processados, oriundos do mesmo desembarque e as duas cepas apresentaram perfis de bandas iguais. Como não houve isolamento do micro-organismo de peixes inteiros, presume-se que a causa da contaminação por S. enterica se deva a falhas higiênico-sanitárias no processo de evisceração, como utensílios ou mãos dos manipuladores contaminados. V. parahaemolyticus ocorre naturalmente em pescados do estuário da Lagoa dos Patos e pode permanecer nos peixes após evisceração e higienização. S. enterica pode estar presente no pescado pronto para a venda, provavelmente devido a práticas higiênico-sanitárias impróprias durante seu processamento, uma vez que esta bactéria não foi isolada de peixes inteiros. Existe a necessidade de orientar os manipuladores quanto aos seus hábitos higiênico-sanitários, além de significativa melhoria nas operações de limpeza e sanificação, de modo a serem eliminados os riscos microbiológicos e assim garantir a inocuidade do alimento. In recent years, the fish consumption has been increasing, since it provides protein, has low amount of saturated fat and is rich in micronutrients, as well as being a source of fatty acids that can offer health benefits. However, the fish is a potential vehicle for microorganisms that can cause diseases in humans, because they are subject to contamination by microorganisms acquired in the aquatic environment, as well as during harvesting, handling and shipping. Thirteen landings of fish were monitored and 130 fish (65 integer and 65 clean) were analyzed for the presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella enterica. Fish from Lagoa dos Patos estuary were collected on the arrival and after being processed, and then analyzed to verify its contamination. In order to compare the isolates, rep-PCR analysis was performed. The species colected were croakers (Micropogonias furnieri), gray mullet (Mugil platanus) and the flounder (Paralichthys orbignyanus). V. parahaemolyticus was isolated from 4.61 % of whole fish samples and 4.61 % of gutted fish and ready to trade. S. enterica was isolated from 1.54% of gutted fish. Four V. parahaemolyticus strains showed identical profile bands, one from whole fish and one from gutted fish from the both the second landing, and two from gutted fish from the third landing. Two other strains came from whole fish from different landings and has showed distinct banding profiles. On the second landing, the fish remained contaminated with the same bacterial strain even after gutting and hygienization, when ready for sale, indicating that these procedures were not enough to eliminate the microorganism. On the third landing, probably a cross contamination from some other contaminated fish has occurred. S. enterica was identified in two samples of fish already processed, that came from the same landing and the two strains showed the same bands profiles. As there was no isolation of this microorganism in the whole fish, it is assumed that the cause of contamination with S. enterica is due to hygienic and sanitary failures in the evisceration process, such as contaminated utensils or hands. V. parahaemolyticus naturally occurs on the fish of Lagoa dos Patos estuary, and can remain in the fish after gutting and cleaning. S. enterica may be present in fish ready for sale, probably due to improper sanitary-hygienic practices during processing since this bacterium was not isolated from the whole fish. There is a need to guide the handlers about hygienic and sanitary habits, besides a significant improvement in cleaning and sanitizing operations, in order to eliminate the microbiological risks and ensure the food safety.

Mycobacteriosis affects various species of fish, including those cultured with commercial purposes. It is a chronic systemic with granuloma forming disease known as fish mycobacteriosis. In the last few years the interest of fish culture has been increasing due to the reduction of the natural fish stocks. However the intensification of fish culture has collaborated to the development of diseases such as mycobacteriosis, causing losses due to the chronic characteristics and difficult diagnosis. This study is to report two cases of mycobacteriosis observed at "Laboratório de Piscicultura Estuarina e Marinha of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)", one for Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus and another for barber goby Elacatinus figaro. The Fite-Faraco staining protocol was used. Membranes of mycobacterial cells contain a waxy substance composed of mycolic acids. These are ß-hydroxy carboxylic acids with chain lengths of up to 90 carbon atoms. The property of acid fastness is related to the carbon chain length of the mycolic acid found in any particular species. The fish mycobacterium is much less acid and alcohol fast than the tubercle bacillus and the classic Ziehl-Neelsen Staining Protocol may give false results. The presence of mycobacterial antigen lesions was studied by immunohistological methods using monoclonal antibodies to Mycobacterium marinum. Humans may be infected by these bacteria and develop cutaneous granuloma. In this paper the necessity is stressed for a correct diagnosis of the disease, contributing to the prevention of its establishment in aquatic facilities, and thus, preserving cultured fish as well as human beings from infection. As micobacterioses afetam várias espécies de peixes, tanto comerciais como ornamentais. É uma enfermidade sistêmica com formação de granulomas, conhecida como micobacteriose de peixes. O desenvolvimento da aquicultura tem aumentado o número de casos com essa enfermidade que muitas vezes é de difícil diagnóstico. Neste trabalho apresentamos dois casos de micobacterioses em Paralichthys orbignyanus e Elacatinus figaro provenientes do Laboratório de Piscicultura Estuarina e Marinha da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG). As micobactérias de peixes possuem menos ácidos graxos que as de mamíferos, por isso foi utilizado o protocolo de coloração de Fite-Faraco, uma vez que o protocolo de coloração clássico de Ziehl Neelsen pode resultar em falsos negativos. Para determinar o tipo de micobactéria foi utilizada a imuno-histoquímica com a qual se pode diagnosticar a presença de Mycobacterium marinum. A enfermidade pode ser transmitida para o homem e com esse trabalho ressalta-se a necessidade de fazer o diagnóstico correto e implantar medidas de proteção para as pessoas que estão em contato com os peixes infectados.

O linguado Paralichthys orbignyanus é um importante recurso pesqueiro que está despertando o interesse de sua produção em cativeiro. Este trabalho avaliou o efeito da temperatura sobre juvenis do linguado. Juvenis (32,3 ± 1,6 mg) foram mantidos nas temperaturas de 17, 20, 23 e 26°C, todas com duas repetições. A cada duas semanas, durante 56 dias, todos os peixes foram medidos e pesados. O tratamento estatístico dos resultados foi feito por Análise de Variância (uma via) seguida do Teste de Tukey, com 95% de significância. A sobrevivência foi de 100% em todos os tratamentos, indicando que logo após a metamorfose o linguado já é euritérmico. A taxa de crescimento específico diário foi de 5,25 ± 0,06% (23°C), 4,87 ± 0,23% (26°C), 4,66 ± 0,21% (20°C) e 4,07 ± 0,14% (17°C), havendo diferença significativa apenas entre 23 e 17°C (P

Intensive culture of teleost fish introduces changes over the environmental conditions found in their spawning grounds, leading to reproductive dysfunctions. The manipulation of these parameters (photoperiod, temperature) represents a common technique to alter the reproductive rhythms and enhance the spawnings in terms of quality and quantity. Nevertheless, for each species some modifications or adjustments have to be done according to their reproductive strategies. The advantages of manipulating those parameters are primarily to schedule the spawning for a desired period of time and to obtain good quality and quantity eggs. Many factors such as tank dimension, light intensity, nutritional status and husbandry of broodfish and minimum stress level have been proved to greatly influence the reproductive behavior and the production of eggs of Paralichtys orbignyanus broodstock. The reproductive peak for this species under controlled conditions occured between October and February, when temperature ranged from 19~' to 22~'C and the photoperiod was 14 hs light. Under these conditions, fertilized eggs (23.9%-80.9%) from natural tank release were collected at a frequency of 1-3 days. Natural spawnings allows a better egg and larval production compared to stripping. The eggs and larvae obtained from natural spawnings were significantly (0.0150%. Egg diameter, fecundity and hatching rate and total larvae length are considered good criteria for determining egg and larval quality of P. orbignyanus. In juveniles of this species, early gonad differentiation occurs between 41 and 75 mm TL, corresponding to 105 days post hatching (3.5 months of age) and 169 days post hatching (5.6 months of age), respectively. Ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic tool used in sex determination and maturity assessment of broodstock. The ovaries are readily distinguishable and characterized by two ovoid and granular greyish-white lobes, while testes are much smaller and darker. Lab-reared males of this species produced average sperm volumes of 0.1 to 1.3 ml / stripping. Juvenile females reared at 23~'C were heavier and bigger in size than those reared at 20~'C, while the sex ratio was almost 1:1. It was shown that the reproductive potential of flounder P. orbignyanus in captivity is significantly decreased, compared with wild specimens. This would be related to increased atresia processes due to the stress generated by captive conditions. Moreover, there was no relationship between broodstock size, reproductive potential and spawning quality, which also may have been masked by the physiological condition of spawners who stay longer in captivity. Tesis (doctorado). Realizada en el INIDEP (Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero - Mar del Plata, Argentina) Unpublished Paralichthyidae, Paralichthys orbignyanus, lenguado, cultivo de peces, acuicultura marina, reproducción, fecundidad, desove natural

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:32:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_vinicius_campos.pdf: 483644 bytes, checksum: 9caf292597102dea88bfa2da68dc9158 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-03 Food intake in vertebrates is a complex process involving several endocrine and neural pathways. Among the orexigenic factors, the most notably are the neuropetides as the neuropeptide Y (NPY) that is a 36 amino acid peptide which plays a key role in food intake. Studies evaluating fish NPY expression showed that this peptide is involved in appetite stimulation. However, despite the recent advances, our present knowledge of the regulation of feeding behavior in fish is limited and based in a few fish species, and there is increasing evidence of speciesspecific differences. The Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus is being considered for aquaculture, and it is important to understand the mechanisms regulating feeding in order to improve its performance in captivity. The objectives of this study were to clone NPY cDNA, evaluate the mRNA levels in different tissues of flounder, and also evaluate brain NPY expression during 24 h by real-time RT-PCR. A 597 bp NPY cDNA was cloned from Brazilian flounder brain by 3´RACE method. NPY expression was detected in all peripheral tissues analyzed, but with predominant expression in the brain. No significant differences were observed in brain NPY gene expression over a 24 h evaluation period. No correlation was observed among plasma glucose, total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides and NPY expression levels during 24 hours. These results indicated that NPY may play roles in flounder peripheral tissues and may be not involved short-term regulation of food intake at low-temperatures in Brazilian flounder. O apetite e a ingestão de alimentos em vertebrados é um processo complexo que envolve várias rotas neurais e endócrinas. Dentre os fatores orexigênicos, destacamse os neuropeptídeos, como o neuropeptídeo Y (NPY), o qual é constituído de 36 aminoácidos e desempenha papel chave na regulação do apetite. Estudos avaliando a expressão do NPY em peixes demonstraram que este peptídeo está envolvido no estímulo da ingestão. Entretanto, apesar dos avanços recentes, o atual conhecimento sobre a regulação fisiológica do apetite é limitado e baseado em poucas espécies de peixes com evidencias de diferenças interespecíficas. O linguado Paralichthys orbignyanus tem sido considerado para a aqüicultura e com isso, torna-se importante compreender os mecanismos de regulação do apetite para incrementar o seu desempenho em cativeiro. Os objetivos deste trabalho compreenderam clonar o gene do NPY, avaliar os níveis de RNA mensageiro nos diferentes tecidos do linguado e também avaliar a expressão do NPY no cérebro durante 24 h por RT-PCR em tempo real. Um fragmento de 597 pb do cDNA do NPY foi clonado a partir do RNAm do cérebro do linguado através do método RACE 3 . A expressão do NPY foi detectada em todos os tecidos analisados (cérebro, baço, coração, intestino, estômago, brânquia, fígado, rim, músculo e testículo), mas com predominante expressão no cérebro. A expressão do NPY não cérebro demonstrou variações durante 24 horas de avaliação. Nenhuma correlação foi observada entre glicose, proteínas totais, colesterol e triglicerídeos plasmáticos. Estes resultados indicam que o NPY pode desenvolver funções em outros tecidos além do cérebro e também pode não estar associado na regulação da alimentação em curto prazo em baixas temperaturas.

O desmame, ou seja, a substituição do alimento vivo por alimento inerte é uma etapa crítica para a produção de alevinos de peixes marinhos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito do período de co-alimentação (alimento vivo e inerte) sobre a sobrevivência, o crescimento e os custos de produção de juvenis do linguado Paralichthys orbignyanus. Durante o período de co-alimentação, os juvenis (idade inicial 32 dias) receberam Artemia enriquecida juntamente com ração. Foram testados três períodos de co-alimentação: 15, 20 e 25 dias, mais um grupo controle alimentado com Artemia enriquecida. Ao final do experimento (76 dias), os juvenis alimentados exclusivamente com Artemia enriquecida apresentaram sobrevivência (82%), peso (480±157mg) e comprimento (35,5±5,0mm) significativamente maiores (P0,05) no crescimento entre os juvenis alimentados com ração nos diferentes períodos, entretanto, um período maior de co-alimentação favoreceu a sobrevivência. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que os linguados alimentados exclusivamente com Artemia apresentam melhor performance do que aqueles alimentados com ração. Entretanto, o custo de produção quando a Artemia é substituída por ração aos 58 dias de vida é menor do que quando o desmame é realizado mais cedo ou quando os alevinos são alimentados apenas com Artemia. Weaning is a critical period for production of marine fish juveniles. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of co-feeding on survival, growth, and cost of production after the weaning of juveniles of Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus. Juvenile flounder (32 days after hatching) were fed on HUFA enriched Artemia and subsequently three periods of co-feeding with dry diets (15, 20, and 25 days) were tested, a control group, where flounder were fed exclusively on Artemia was also followed until the end of the experiment. Juveniles fed on Artemia showed significantly higher (P0.05) for juveniles fed on dry diets, but a higher survival rate was registered when the co-feeding period was longer. The results obtained demonstrate that flounder fed exclusively on Artemia have a better performance than those weaned into dry diets. However, unitary cost of production is reduced when juveniles are weaned 58 days after hatching.

Flounder, Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes), were captured in polluted and non-polluted sites within the Patos Lagoon Estuary, southern Brazil, over four seasons. Blood films showed a high prevalence of infection with a haemogregarine, or mixed parasitaemias of this and an organism resembling Haemohormidium terraenovae So, 1972. Haemogregarine gamont stages conformed to existing descriptions of Desseria platessae (Lebailly, 1904) Siddall, 1995 from flatfishes, but intraerythrocytic division of meronts was observed, leading to the recommendation for nomenclatural correction, placing the haemogregarine in the genus Haemogregarina (sensu lato) Danilewsky, 1885. Statistical analyses suggested that although sample sizes were small, infections with meront stages, immature and mature gamonts were all influenced by site, and possibly therefore, by pollution. Season also appeared to determine likelihood of infection with meronts and immature gamonts, but not mature gamonts, while adult fish gender apparently affected infection with immature and mature gamonts, but not meronts. The H. terraenovae-like organism exhibited unusual extracellular forms and did not match closely with the type description of H. terraenovae; precise identification was therefore difficult. Data analyses suggested that parasitism by this organism was influenced by site and fish gender, since females and males from non-polluted water were infected, but only females from the polluted site. Season was also important and significantly more adult fish of both sexes were infected with this parasite in the Brazilian summer and autumn, compared with winter and spring. Finally, these appeared to be the first observations of Haemogregarina platessae, and possibly H. terraenovae, from the southern hemisphere.

Sperm mediated gene transfer (SMGT) has been successfully used in mammals, amphibians, birds, and some invertebrates. In fish, this methodology has failed or had poor efficiency for the production of transgenic specimens, presumably because the processes regulating the interaction between spermatozoa and exogenous DNA are not well understood. Therefore, the objective was to develop a SMGT protocol for the Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus, with an emphasis on the role of seminal plasma DNase on exogenous DNA uptake by fish spermatozoa. In this study, there was strong DNase activity in the seminal plasma of P. orbignyanus; however, this DNase activity was decreased or eliminated by washing the spermatozoa with solutions containing EDTA (DNase activity was completely inhibited by 40 mM EDTA). Three washing solutions were tested, all of which maintained sperm quality. Moreover, it was determined that the no more than 50 ng of exogenous DNA/10(6) cells should be used for SMGT in fish. Finally, it was demonstrated that fish spermatozoa were capable of spontaneous uptake of exogenous DNA after elimination of DNase activity; this was confirmed by exogenous DNA amplification (PCR using sperm genomic DNA as a template) after DNase I treatment. We concluded that whereas DNase activity was an important obstacle for exogenous DNA uptake by fish spermatozoa; controlling this activity improved the efficiency of SMGT in fish.