Search

Copyright of Veterinarska Stanica is the property of Croatian Veterinary Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Biologica Slovenica is the property of Drustvo Biologov Slovenije and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The pathophysiological mechanisms crucial in the development of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in the pediatric population are still not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hypertension, oxidative stress, and inflammation in pediatric patients during the acute phase of the disease. Methods: The study included 33 children, aged 2 to 9 years, with nephrotic syndrome. Blood samples were collected during the acute phase and remission. Parameters of oxidative status were determined, including total oxidative status (TOS), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), sulfhydryl groups (- SH), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and total antioxidant status (TAS) in serum, measured spectrophotometrically. Inflam - matory parameters such as pentraxin 3 (PTX3), leptin, program med cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and E-cadherin were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Patients with nephrotic syndrome and hypertension had significantly higher levels of advanced oxidation protein products and total antioxidant status (p=0.029 and p=0.003, respectively). During the acute phase of the disease, lower activity of sulfhydryl groups and paraoxonase 1 was observed compared to remission (p<0.001, for both). Pentraxin 3 levels were higher, while leptin levels were lower during the acute phase (p<0.001, for both). Pentraxin 3 correlated with advanced oxidation protein products and total antioxidant status during the acute phase but not in remission (rs=0.42, p=O.O27 and rs=0.43, p=0.025, respectively). A negative correlation between Advanced oxidation protein products and leptin was observed during the acute phase, which disappeared in remission (rs=-0.42, p=0.028). Conclusions: Results of this study show that hypertension influences oxidative stress markers, and decreased antioxidant capacity may contribute to nephrotic syndrome development. Pentraxin 3 appears as a potential disease activity marker, indicating a dynamic connection between inflammation and oxidative stress. Leptin may also play a role in oxidative stress in nephrotic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sanamed is the property of Sanamed and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to increasing climate change, it has become important to determine whether the dose-response relationship of organisms to some substances is affected by temperature. For this reason, in this study, it was aimed to reveal the effect of the temperature variable on the toxic response using the Dreissena polymorpha model organism and some of its biomarkers. For this purpose, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in Dreissena polymorpha exposed to subletal concentrations of λ-cyhalothrin at different temperatures were measured using commercial ELISA kits. According to the results obtained, there was a statistically significant increase in MDA levels in the groups exposed to λ-cyhalothrin, while a decrease in GSH levels was found. AChE levels were inhibited especially in the groups exposed high concentrartion of λcyhalothrin. It was also found that the inhibition levels increased depending on the application times. While SOD enzyme activity decreased, CAT enzyme activity increased depending on the exposure concentration. It has been observed that different temperature have different effects on the toxicity of λ-cyhalothrin. It was observed that λ-cyhalothrin caused oxidative stress and neurotoxicity, and the toxicity of λ-cyhalothrin changed depending on the temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to examine if there is a connection between recombinant FSH dose and OS parameters in serum and the impact on IVF outcome. Methods: This study consisted of 101 participants that went through IVF procedures. Parameter that were tested are SOD, SH groups and MDA. Serum samples were drawn before stimulation and on the last day of ovarian stimulation. Results: Two groups were formed according to the dose of gonadotropins (rFSH). In both groups there were no significant differences in live-birth rate and miscarriage. In both groups mean serum MDA and SH-groups were significantly higher after ovarian stimulation, but mean serum SOD was significantly lower when compared to values before stimulation. There were less patients without OS before stimulation. Conclusions: Our results suggest that there is a difference in serum concentration in groups SOD, SH groups and MDA at the beginning and at the end ovarian stimulation. On the other hand, dose of rFSH is not related with change of parameters for oxidative stress, quality of oocytes, embryos, fertilization, pregnancies, and miscarriage rate. Patients without oxidative stress before the IVF procedure needed lower doses of gonadotropins during stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psoriasis is an autoinflammatory disease that affects not only skin but multiple organs thus being associated with many comorbidities. Oxidative stress and inflammation play the major role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Studies that examined by-products of oxidative stress in psoriasis show discrepant results. Hence, we aimed to examine the oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic markers and to explore their potential relationship with disease severity in patients with psoriasis. Methods: This case-control study comprised of 35 patients with psoriasis and 35 age, sex and body mass index-matched healthy controls. Metabolic and oxidative stress biomarkers [i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and catalase (CAT)] were measured. The principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to reduce the number of measured variables into smaller number of factors. PCA factors were subsequently used in logistic regression analysis for severe psoriasis prediction. Results: Higher AOPP levels (p<0.01) and CAT activity (p<0.001), but no difference in MDA levels in psoriasis patients vs. healthy controls were shown. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that a combination of metabolic related factor (i.e., glucose and triglycerides) and renal function related factor (i.e., creatinine and urea) was the best model for Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) >10 prediction, while oxidative stress-hepatic related factor (i.e., MDA, alanine aminotransferase) was selected as the best predictor for Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) >20. Conclusion: Multi marker approach showed that metabolic and renal function related factor and oxidative stress-hepatic related factor were better predictors of psoriasis severity than each single examined biomarker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sanamed is the property of Sanamed and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Slovenica is the property of Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Veterinarska Stanica is the property of Croatian Veterinary Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Slovenica is the property of Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Given the fact that the studies that examined oxidative stress in relation to obesity that included late adolescents are scarce and show inconclusive results we aimed to investigate a wide spectrum of nitro-oxidative stress biomarkers i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA), xanthine oxidase (XO), xanthine oxidoreductase (XOD), xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and nitric oxide products (NOx), as well as an antioxidative enzyme, i.e., catalase (CAT) in relation with obesity in the cohort of adolescent girls ages between 16 and 19 years old. Methods: A total of 59 teenage girls were included in this cross-sectional study. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine possible associations between biochemical and nitro-oxidative stress markers and body mass index (BMI). Results: There were not significant differences between oxidative stress markers between normal weight and overweight/obese girls (i.e., AOPP, XOD, XO, XDH) and CAT, except for MDA (p<0.001) and NOx (p=0.010) concentrations which were significantly higher in overweight/obese adolescent girls. Positive associations were evident between BMI and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (OR=2.495), BMI and uric acid (OR=1.024) and BMI and MDA (OR=1.062). Multivariable binary regression analysis demonstrated significant independent associations of BMI and hsCRP (OR=2.150) and BMI and MDA (OR=1.105). Even 76.3% of the variation in BMI could be explained with this Model. Conclusions: Inflammation (as measured with hsCRP) and oxidative stress (as determined with MDA) independently correlated with BMI in teenage girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by inflammation, demyelination and axonal degeneration. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of the study was to examine the association between OS and smoking on the MS development. Methods: The study included 175 patients with relapsingremitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) (76 males, 99 females) and 254 healthy subjects (81 males and 173 females). Oxidative stress biomarkers in serum, Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and Total Oxidative Status (TOS) were determined spectrophotometrically. Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) was calculated as the ratio of TOS and TAS. Urinary 8-oxo7,8-dihydro-2’-deoxyguanosine were determined by HPLC-MS/MS and expressed as 8-oxodG/creatinine. Results: In females with RRMS were higher TOS, OSI and 8-oxodG/creatinine than in females in control group. The group of males with RRMS had lower level of TAS than the males in control group. Higher levels of 8-oxodG/creatinine was obtained in active, passive and former smokers with RRMS than in control group with the same exposition to tobacco smoke. Independent predictors of MS are passive smoking, increased OSI and increased levels of urinary 8-oxodG/creatinine. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the OS parameters should be included in the assessment of the risk for MS development. Due to the more sensitivity to oxidative stress, females may be at higher risk of MS development. This data indicates the importance of introducing the antioxidant therapy as a complementary treatment in patients with RRMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a therapeutic renal diet on selected clinical, biochemical, and urinary parameters and on selected parameters of oxidative stress in cats with early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). A prospective study of a 3-month duration was conducted to evaluate the effect of renal diet on selected clinical and laboratory parameters in client-owned cats with early stages of CKD. Of a total of 29 enrolled client-owned cats, nineteen (19) cats completed the study, ten receiving renal diet and nine receiving a diet of the owner's choice. A clinical examination was performed, and blood and urine samples were collected on the day of presentation and at regular check-ups after 3-4, 7-8, and 10-12 weeks. Serum creatinine and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations and selected parameters of oxidative stress (plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum selenium concentrations), were measured and electrophoresis of urinary proteins was performed. At inclusion, a significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) was found between serum selenium concentration and plasma GPX activity (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.83 (95% CI: [0.65 - 0.92]) and a significant negative correlation (p < 0.001) between serum SDMA and urine specific gravity (Pearson correlation coefficient -0.70 (95% CI: [-0.87 - (-0.38)]). At the end of the 3-month feeding trial no significant difference was found in SDMA and creatinine concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veterinarska Stanica is the property of Croatian Veterinary Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world and is associated with significant morbidity. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, and stroke. The mechanism of atherosclerosis has not been well investigated in different aspects, such as the relationship between oxidative stress and endothelial function. This project aims to investigate whether an oxidative enzyme vascular peroxidase 1 (VPO1) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) can be used as biomarkers in highlighting the pathogenesis of the disease and in evaluating the prognosis of the relationship with endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. This paper used artificial neural network analysis to predict cardiovascular disease risk based on new generation biochemical markers that combine vascular inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Methods: For this purpose, 80 patients were evaluated according to the coronary angiography results. hs-CRP lipid parameters and demographic characteristics, VPO1, ATF4 and Glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx1) levels were measured. Results: We found an increase in VPO1 and hs-CRP levels in single-vessel disease as compared to controls. On the contrary, ATF4 and GPx1 levels were decreased in the same group, which was not significant. Our results showed a significant positive correlation between ATF4 and lipid parameters. A statistically significant positive correlation was also observed for VPO1 and ATF4 (r=0.367, P<0.05), and a negative correlation was found for ATF4 and GPx1 (r=-0.467, P<0.01). A significant negative relationship was noted for GPx1 and hs-CRP in two/three-vessel disease (r=-0.366, P<0.05). Artificial neural network analysis stated that body mass index (BMI) and smoking history information give us an important clue as compared to age, gender and alcohol consumption parameters when predicting the number of blocked vessels. Conclusions: VPO1 and ATF4 might be potential biomark-ers associated with coronary artery disease, especially in the follow-up and monitoring of treatment protocols, in addition to traditional risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main goal of this research was investigation the protective effects of coenzyme Q10 on methotrexate-induced liver damage. Study was performed on 32 Wistar rats divided in 4 groups, whereas first group received normal saline, second received coenzyme Q10, third received methotrexate alone and fourth group received concomitantly coenzyme Q10 and methotrexate. Morphological and functional changes in liver tissue were performed by biochemical analysis of serum, histopathological analysis of liver tissue sections and determination of parameters of oxidative stress in liver tissue. Administration of methotrexate in rats caused a significant increase of the concentrations of AST, ALT and γ-GT and significant decrease of amount of total proteins in the serum compared with C group of animals. Also, methotrexate significantly increased MDA and AOPP levels in and decreased catalase activity in hepatic tissue. Histopathological analysis showed pronounced liver damage with cellular derangement of hepatic cordons and significant cell swelling, vacuolar degeneration and signs of inflammatory response after methotrexate administration. In group of rats that received coenzyme Q10 8 days after methotrexate administration, injury of liver tissue was significantly decreased with mild disorder of normal radial arrangement of the hepatocytes and only discretely uneven distribution of hepatic glycogen content. In same group, biochemical analysis showed significantly decreased concentrations of serum parameters of liver injury and changes of parameters of oxidative stress were statistically significantly ameliorated compared with results in group that received methotrexate alone. Our results confirmed coenzyme Q10 as a protective agent in methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity probably due to its antioxidant effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lijecnicki Vjesnik is the property of Croatian Medical Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study is to present and critically evaluate recent knowledge about the interaction between oxidative stress and epigenetic mechanisms crucial for the developement and course of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and it does not analyse the compound polygenetic AD etIology. While genetics investigates direct DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) sequence alterations with hereditary changes of gene activities and functions, epigenetics is concerned with methylated changes without any changes in DNA sequences. Epigenetics does not deal with mutations, but exclusively with specific phenomena as histone acetylation and deacetylation, histone methylation and demethylation, and especially DNA cytosine methylation and demethylation. All these epigenetic phenomena are tightly associated with specific enzymes. Histone acetylation is induced by enzyme histone acetyltransferase (HAT), and deacetylation by enzyme histone deacetylase (HDAC). Histone methylation is induced by enzyme histone methyltransferase (HMT), and demethylation by enzyme histone demethylase (HDM). Especially important epigenetic phenomena are DNA methylation and demethylation, where the first mentioned phenomenon is induced by enzyme DNA cytosine methyltransferase (Dnmt), and the second by the combined effects of ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases and thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG). By the epigenetic DNA methylation mechanism, the Dnmt enzyme transports the methyl group (- CH3) from the S-adenyl methyonine (SAM) onto the C5 cytosyne position with the 5-methylcytosine formation. On the DNA molecule especially accentuated are the so called CpG islands, where their methylation leads to the disturbances of transcription factors binding, to the accumulation of repressive methyl binding proteins and to the silencing gene expression. DNA demethylation, as it is now viewed, is very complicated and is achieved by the interplay of DNA oxidative reactions and repair mechanisms. Recent studies emphasize the imortance of epigenetic mechanisms in the developement and course of AD. This study has the aim to primarily analyse the LRP1 gene methylation, as one of the crucial factors in AD pathophysiology. LRP1 receptor, dominantly located on the abluminal side of endothelial blood-brain barrier cells (BBB), is the major amyloid beta (Aβ) cleaner from the brain. According to a number of investigations, Aβ, accumulated and aggregated in the brain tissues, is the crucial factor in the onset and course of Alzheimer’s disease, the chronic, severe and lethal neurodegenerative disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Botanica Serbica is the property of University of Belgrade, Institute of Botany & Botanical Garden Jevremovac and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Oxidative stress (OS), termed as the imbalance between antioxidants and pro-oxidants in favor of the latter, is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) even at early stages and is gradually increased, in parallel to deterioration of kidney function. In end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), OS is further aggravated and associated with various adverse outcomes, including atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we aim to present the clinical implications of OS, the pathogenetic causative mechanisms and the potential therapeutic interventions in both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Open and endoscopic thoracic surgeries improve surgical exposure by One-lung ventilation (OLV). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory response, oxidative stress, cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (SctO2) and intrapulmonary shunt in patients undergoing one-lung ventilation (OLV). Methods: Seventy-five patients undergoing open pulmonary lobectomy in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 were enrolled and randomly divided into high-dose dexmedetomidine group (group D1, 1 mg/kg, n = 25), low-dose dexmedetomidine group (group D2, 0.5 mg/kg, n = 25) and control group (group C, n = 25). Then, arterial blood and internal jugular venous blood were taken before anesthesia induction (T0) and at 15 min after two-lung ventilation (T1) and 5 min (T2) and 30 min (T3) after OLV for later use. Next, the changes in hemodynamic parameters [mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2)] of patients were observed in each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to detect serum inflammatory factors such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and oxidative stress indicators [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)]. The changes in SctO2, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and intrapulmonary shunt Qs/Qt (a measurement of pulmonary shunt: right-to-left shunt fraction) were observed. Additionally, the changes in lung function indicators like lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and airway peak pressure (Ppeak) were determined. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the MAP HR and SpO2 among three groups at each observation time point (P>0.05). At T2 and T3, the levels of serum IL-6, TNF-a and IL-8 were obviously decreased in group D1 and D2 compared with those in group C (P<0.05), and the decreases in group D1 were overtly larger than those in group D2, and the decreases at T3 were markedly greater than those at T2 (P<0.05). In comparison with group C, group D1 and D2 had notably reduced levels of serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA (P<0.05) and remarkably increased SOD content (P<0.05) at T2 and T3, and the effects were markedly better in group D1 than those in group D2. Besides, they were significantly superior at T3 to those at T2 (P<0.05). The SctO2 in group D1 and D2 was evidently lowered at T2 and T3 compared with that at T0, and the decrease in group D1 was distinctly smaller than that in group D2 (P<0.05). The Qs/Qt was significantly lower in group D1 and D2 than that in group C at T2 and T3 (P<0.05), while the PaO2 content was notably raised (P<0.05), and the decrease and increase were significantly larger in group D1 than those in group D2, and they were obviously greater at T3 to those at T2 (P<0.05). At T0 and T1, no significant differences were detected in the Cdyn, Pplat and Ppeak among three groups. At T2 and T3, the Cdyn was significantly elevated, while the Pplat and Ppeak overtly declined (P<0.05), and group D1 had greater changes in comparison with group D2, and the changes were obviously more evident at T3 to those at T2 (P<0.05). Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine effectively ameliorates inflammatory response and oxidative stress, lowers oxygenation, Qs/Qt and the decrease in SctO2 and improves lung function during OLV, with good efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pesticides & Phytomedicine / Pesticidi i Fitomedicina is the property of Institute of Pesticides & Environmental Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medical Journal / Medicinski Časopis is the property of Serbian Medical Society, Section Kragujevac and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common disease that can develop into end-stage kidney disease. Sepsis is one of the main causes of AKI. Currently, there is no satisfactory way to treat septic AKI. Therefore, we have shown the protective function of Cul4a in septic AKI and its molecular mechanism. Methods: The cellular and animal models of septic AKI were established by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Western blot (WB) was employed to analyze Cul4a expression. RT-qPCR was employed to test the expression of Cul4a, SOD1, SOD2, GPX1, CAT, IL-6, TNF-a, Bcl-2, IL-1P, Bax and KIM-1 mRNA. ELISA was performed to detect the contents of inflammatory factors and LDH. CCK-8 was utilized to detect cell viability. Flow cytometry was utilized to analyze the apoptosis. DHE-ROS kit was used to detect the content of ROS. Results: Cul4a was down-regulated in cellular and animal models of septic AKI. Oxidative stress is obviously induced by LPS, as well as apoptosis and inflammation. However, these can be significantly inhibited by up-regulating Cul4a. Moreover, LPS induced the activation of the NF-kB pathway, which could also be inhibited by overexpression of Cul4a. Conclusions: Cul4awas found to be a protective factor in septic AKI, which could inhibit LPS-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation of HK-2 cells by inhibiting the NF-kB pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have implicated reactive oxygen species in perpetuation of inflammation and subse-quent destruction of joints in patients with arthritis. Antioxidant effects of Buchholzia coriacea ethanol leaf-extract, aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions on oxidative stress indices in rheumatoid arthritic female Wistar albino rats were examined. 180 rats were randomly divided into 12 groups. Fifteen rats were placed in each group. Rats without arthritis were placed in Group 1. Rheumatoid arthritis was induced in groups 2 to 12 by intradermal injection of 0.1 ml complete Freund’s adjuvant into the left hind paws of rats. Group 2 (arthritic rats) did not receive any treatment but rather were given normal saline while group 3 (arthritic rats) received 5 mg/kg indomethacinTM (a standard drug). Rats in Groups 4 to 12 were administered the samples at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight. Freund’s ad-juvant administration led to inflammation and oxidative stress which were marked by significant (P<0.05) increase in paw sizes, oxidative stress markers and reduced body weight of the rats. Arthritic rats were treated with standard drug and samples (at varied doses) and this resulted to reversal of the trend of those parameters in a time and dose-dependent manner. Rats that received 800 mg/kg of the aqueous fraction displayed the best desirable result which was similar to the effect of indomethacin. Thus, Buchholzia coriacea ethanol extract and fractions may be useful in the management of oxidative stress which is very common among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a potent oxidative agent, used in animal models for the induction of liver and neuronal damage. In this study, we tracked the changes in the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of catalase (CAT) in the brain tissue of Wistar rats exposed to CCl4. The animals were divided into two groups of six rats each. The control group was treated with vehicle olive oil (10 ml/kg) and the experimental group included CCl4-treated animals (1 ml/kg). The level of oxidative stress was determined in a 10% homogenate of whole encephalitic mass (WEM). The levels of MDA in the experimental group were significantly increased (p = 0.0009), while CAT activity was significantly decreased (p = 0.0143) in the CCl4-treated group compared to the control group. The results confirmed the theory about the CCl4-induced oxidative damage on the brain tissue in rats and may be a basis for further research related to potentially protective substances in this animal model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oxidative stress status in different cancer types was investigated before, but not studied in gastric intestinal metaplasia to the best of our knowledge. Purpose of this study is to examine whether there is a difference between oxidative stress status in patients with intestinal metaplasia (IM) compared to individuals without IM, we compared the serum levels of disulfide (SS), total thiol (TT) and native thiol (NT). Methods: This was a prospective, non-randomized casecontrol study including 67 patients with histopathologically confirmed IM and 60 individuals demographically matched in terms of age, gender, BMI, smoking status, and chronic diseases as control group. Results: The mean NT TT and NT to TT (NT/TT) ratios were statistically significantly higher in IM group compared to controls ((351.71 ± 81.9 pmol/L vs. 271.82 ± 54.13 pmol/L, p= 0.000), (391.5 ± 92.69 pmol/L vs. 308.59 ± 55.53 iimol/L, p= 0.000) and (0.89 ± 0.6 vs. 0.87 ± 0.29, p= 0.022), respectively). The mean SS to TT (SS/TT) ratio was significantly lower in IM group than control group (0.050 ± 0.31 vs. 0.060 ± 0.014, P= 0.022). Median SS and mean SS/NT ratio was similar in both groups (16.3 (3.3-78) vs. 18.3 (10-32.7), p=0.271 and 0.055 ± 0.041 vs. 0.070 ± 0.019, p=0.068, respectively). In ROC analysis, cut off value of SS/NT for IM was found 0.062, in regression analysis, SS/NT <0.062 was found as an independently prognostic marker for IM (OR, 2.38; 95%CI: 1.168-4.865, P=0.017). Conclusions: SS/NT ratio lower than 0,062 was found as an independently prognostic marker for IM. This ratio could help to distinguish which patients should be followed closely for gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the blood serum of patients with cirrhosis and liver transplantation. Methods: In this study, serum malondialdehyde acid (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) activities were measured spectrophotometrically and compared to the results of the healthy control group. Results: SOD, CAT and GSH activities were significantly decreased in the patient groups compared to the healthy control group (p<0.05). MDA levels were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the healthy control group (p <0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, this study demonstrated that oxidative stress may play an important role in the development of liver cirrhosis and in liver transplantation. This study is the first one to show how MDA, SOD, CAT and GSH levels change in liver cirrhosis and liver transplantation, while further studies are essential to investigate antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress status in patients with cirrhosis and liver transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veterinarska Stanica is the property of Croatian Veterinary Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main reasons for the mortality connected with tumor diseases. There is still a shortage of examination including the influence of urate pathway enzymes in the progressiveness and invasion of CRC, so the present study investigated the role of xanthine oxidase (XO), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) activity, concerning TBA-reactive substances (TBARS) as an oxidative stress (OS) marker in progression, also an invasion of human colorectal cancer. We took tissue specimens from 50 patients with colon cancer, in all four TNM clinical stages of the disease. They were divided into 3 groups: cancer tissue, tissue surrounding the tumor and healthy control tissue group. We made 10% homogenates in which we conducted the study with proper methods. The activity of ADA and XO in tumor tissue and tissue adjacent to the tumor is statistically higher in comparison to healthy colon tissue. The 5'-NT is not significantly higher in carcinoma tissue. The highest activity of ADA and XO is in T2 and T3 tumor stages. TBARS has the highest concentration in T3 and T4 stages of the tumor. Presented results suggest that the possible cause of OS in colon carcinoma is high XO and ADA activity. It may include those enzymes in the transformation of the colon tissue, as well as in the progression of CRC. So, the ADA and XO activity might be helpful in determing the margins of colon resection. They can have significance in diagnosis, but in the prognosis of the disease as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a disease associated with the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress is one of the factors responsible for its etiopathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the thiol/disulphide homeostasis in pSS patients. Methods: The study included 68 pSS patients and 69 healthy controls. Thiol/disulphide homeostasis (total thiol, native thiol, and disulphide levels) was measured using the automatic spectrophotometric method developed by Erel and Neselioglu, and the results of the 2 groups were compared. Results: The gender and age distributions of the pSS and control groups were similar (P = 0.988 and P = 0.065). Total thiol and native thiol levels were lower in the pSS group than in the control group (470.08 ± 33.65 mmol/L vs. 528.21 ± 44.99 µmol/L, P < 0.001, and 439.14 ± 30.67 mmol/L vs. 497.56 ± 46.70 µmol/L, P < 0.001, respectively). There were no differences in disulphide levels between groups [17.00 (range 0.70-217.0) mmol/L vs. 14.95 (range 2.10-40.10) mmol/L, P = 0.195]. Conclusions: It was concluded that the thiol/disulphide balance shifted towards disulphide in patients with pSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulating evidences have reinforced the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of various ailments as a result of negative side effects associated with conventional drugs. Plant components such as phenols and flavonoids with antioxidant potential have confirmed protective roles against oxidative stress-induced degenerative diseases like diabetes mellitus (DM). The current study was carried out to investigate the effect of seed pod ethanol extract from Copaifera salikounda (SPEECS) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. SPEECS was obtained by maceration of seed pod powder in absolute ethanol for 72 h, filtered, concentrated and dried in-vacuo. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) technique was used to quantitatively elucidate the chemical constituents of SPEECS. Twenty-four male albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n=6): normal control, DM control, DM + 200 mg/kg SPEECS and DM + 400 mg/kg SPEECS groups. DM was induced in the Wistar albino rats through intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg body weight of alloxan. After 14 days of treatment, the body weight changes and the fasting blood glucose level were determined in the different groups. Also, serum biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were estimated. The GC-MS results confirm nine bioactive compounds with 9-octadecenoic acid (55.75%) being most abundant. SPEECS (200 and 400 mg/kg) administration significantly (P < 0.05) caused gain in weight, decreased fasting blood glucose and reversed the elevated liver function enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) while total TP and ALB were markedly elevated relative to DM control group. Furthermore, SPEECS attenuated the activities of SOD and CAT while the level of MDA was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in dose dependent manner in comparison to the DM control. This study indicated that SPEECS can alleviate hyperglyceamia of DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis is the property of Nis University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Obesity is a serious medical contition, defined as excessive accumulation of fat. Abdominal fat is recognized as the major risk for obesity related diseases such as: hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, stroke, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease etc. Fat accumulation is also related to pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory states. Recently published articles suggest that oxidative stress may be a link between obesity and related complications. Adiposity leads to increased oxidative stress via several multiple biochemical processes such as superoxide generation through the action of NADPH oxidase, glyceraldehyde auto-oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, protein kinase C (PKC) activation, and polyol and hexosamine pathways. On the other hand, oxidative stress plays a causative role in the development of obesity, by stimulating the deposition of adipose tissue, including preadipocyte proliferation, adipocyte differentiation and growth. Exercise-induced weight loss can improve the redox state by modulating both oxidative stress and antioxidant promoters, which reduce endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to evaluate the markers of oxidative stress and metabolic disorders in preterm infants and to examine their association with short-term outcomes in the early neonatal period to identify the predictors of unfavourable outcome. The study included 46 preterm infants, gestational age =32 weeks, in the early neonatal period, i.e. group 1 of 12 infants with lethal outcome and group 2 of 34 preterm infants with favourable outcome. Markers of metabolic disorders, oxidative stress and antioxidant system were analysed in cord blood and urine on the first/second day of life. Evaluation of oxidative (8-isoprostane) and antioxidant system (catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity) and metabolic (lactate, pyruvate, lactate to pyruvate ratio (LPR), NAD+/NADH) stress parameters confirmed energy imbalance and presence of tissue hypoxia in preterm newborns with adverse outcomes. The following risk factors of unfavourable prognosis in preterm infants in the early neonatal period were identified: asphyxia (p=0.038), early-onset sepsis (p=0.003), intraventricular haemorrhage (p=0.029), hyperlactatemia (p=0.013), increased pyruvate level (p=0.002), increased LPR (p=0.008), decreased catalase (p=0.003) and SOD (p=0.001) activity. Logistic regression indicated that mortality rate was positively related to asphyxia, early-onset sepsis and lactate level, and negatively related to SOD activity. In conclusion, intensive oxidative and metabolic stress in preterm infants is associated with adverse outcomes in the early neonatal period. A combination of asphyxia and early-onset sepsis together with high lactate level and decreased SOD activity is a predictor of unfavourable outcome in the early neonatal period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Slovenica is the property of Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesticides & Phytomedicine / Pesticidi i Fitomedicina is the property of Institute of Pesticides & Environmental Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of calorie restriction and dietary bee products (apilarnil plus royal jelly) supplementation on reproductive and oxidative responses and to determine the possibilities that these treatments may be used in retarding the reproductive ageing of broiler breeder males. At 52 weeks of age, broiler breeder males were assigned to four treatment groups. The control group was fed on restricted feed as recommended by the breeder company throughout the study; the ad libitum group was fed ad libitum for a four-week period; the bee products group was fed similar to the control group except that their diet was supplemented with apilarnil and royal jelly for a four-week period and in the last group calorie restriction (45 % of standard diet) was applied for a four-week period. After a four-week adaptation period, the experiment was continued for 18 weeks. The results obtained in the present study have demonstrated that the percentage of dead sperm was the most affected semen characteristic by reproductive ageing. Long-term moderate feed restriction could not prevent age-related declines in sperm production. Dietary bee products supplementation or calorie restriction for a fourweek period positively affected the semen characteristics, and these beneficial effects could be maintained to some extend up until 72 weeks of age. Calorie restriction enhanced antioxidant defence for the first four-week period; however, this beneficial effect could not be sustained until the end of the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The goal of this study was to assess the oxidative stress status through the values of antioxidant defense parameters: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and total antioxidant status (TAS), as well as cardiovascular risk factors (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesteroI and triglycerides), anthropometric parameters (Body mass index-BMI, waist circumference-WC, hipp circumferemce-HC, waist-to-hipp ratio-WHR and inflammatory markers (high sensitive C-reactive protein) in a group of obese adolescents. Methods: A total of 238 students of both sexes, age of 22.32 ± 1.85 yr. were included in the study. According to the values of BMI lower and higher than 25 kg/m2 and WC higher and lower than 94 cm (males)/80 cm (females) the tested group of students was divided into 2 subgroups: Group 1 (increased risk for CVD) and Group 2 (fewer risk for CVD). Results: Significantly reduced SOD and GPx with increased GR, TAS, inflammatory and lipoprotein parameters were obtained in Group 1 compared to Group 2. Significant positive association of hsCRP (OR:1.41; 95%CI 1.08-1.83; P=0.007), TAS (OR:827.2; 95%C119.27-35498; P=0.007) and GR (OR: 1.13; 95%CI 1.05-1.21; P=0.002) and negative association of GPx (OR:0.97; 95%CI 0.94-1.003; P=0.043) and HDL-cholesterol (OR:0.41; 95%CI 0.176-0.963; P=0.0014) with cardiovascular risk factors were found in obese students. According to the ROC analysis GR>44.8 U/L, TAS>1.35 mmol/L, hsCRP>1.71 mg/L and HDL-cholesterol <1.13 mmol/L have sufficient predictive ability for cardiovascular disease in obese students. Conclusions: Significant association of antioxidant defense parameters with anthropometric, lipid and inflammatory markers in obese students with increased cardiovascular risk suggest that screening of these parameters is necessary and highly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metabolic syndrome, obesity and type 2 diabetes are metabolic disorders characterized by the insulin resistance and the impairment in the insulin secretion. Since impairment in the oxidative stress and adipocyte metabolism contribute to the formation of obesity and diabetes, targeting adipose tissue can be considered as an effective approach to fight against them. Rosiglitazone is used for treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes via inducing lipogenesis and transdifferentiation of white adipose tissue into brown adipose tissue. Since the development of such therapeutics is required to control the formation and function of brown fat cells, we aimed to reveal possible molecular mechanisms behind rosiglitazone induced biochemical changes in the adipose tissue. Methods: Cells were expanded in the adipocyte culture medium supplemented with 5 pg/mL insulin following 2 days' induction. After those cells were treated with rosiglitazone 0, 0.13 mol/L and 10 pmol/L rosiglitazone for 48 hours and at 8th day, cells were collected and stored at -80 °C. Then the cells were used to evaluate antioxidant enzyme activities, mineral and trace element levels and fatty acid composition. Results: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase significantly reduced in rosiglitazone-treated groups compared to the control. Na, Mg, K, Ca, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Cs, Ba and Pb were determined in the cell lysates via ICP-MS. Also, relative FAME content decreased in the rosiglitazone-treated groups compared to the control. Conclusions: RosigIitazone treatment at low doses showed promising results which may promote brown adipose tissue formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of inflammatory parameters, lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of proteins with ultrasound findings of biliary tract in patients with choledocholithiasis. The study included 70 subjects divided into two groups: the choledocholithiasis group (CHDL)-40 patients with obstructive jaundice caused by choledocholithiasis and the control group-30 healthy individuals. All the patients were anamnestically and clinically observed at the Internal Department of Military Hospital in Niš, Serbia. The values of MDA were not significantly correlated with the degree of dilatation of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, while the values of carbonyl groups showed a significant correlation with the degree of dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts (p < 0.05). Dilatation of bile ducts was not significantly associated with inflammation and lipid peroxidation, however, oxidative modification of the protein showed a significant positive correlation with dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medical Journal / Medicinski Časopis is the property of Serbian Medical Society, Section Kragujevac and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aluminium forms about 8% of the earth’s crust. It is most commonly found as bauxite ore, which is used for extraction of this metal. Aluminium has a high reactivity and forms compounds such as aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide, and potassium aluminium sulfate. Exposure of these compounds to oxidants leads to the formation of a superficial coating of aluminium oxide, which is highly resistant to corrosion and insoluble in water. However, acid rains have allowed the dissolution of these compounds and the entry of aluminium into biological systems. It can enter in human body through water, food, drugs, and inhalation of polluted air. Once when accumulates in the body aluminium exhibits toxic effects on different organ systems: central nervous, respiratory, skeletal, hematopoietic, reproductive, digestive (liver), and integumentary system. Toxic systemic effects of aluminium are first observed in patients with kidney failure treated with medicines containing aluminium compounds which manifest as: dialysis encephalopathy syndrome, osteomalacia with osteodystrophy and microcytic anaemia. Aluminium is on the top of a surprisingly short list of neurotoxic inorganic elements and their compounds. It is linked with development of neurodegenerative diseases, including autism, attention deficit disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, Gulf war syndrome, and Parkinsonism. Clinical and experimental studies suggest several possible mechanisms of toxic aluminium action on cells. Those are: increased production of oxidative stress, alteration of membrane function, disruption of intracellular signaling, and alteration or inhibition of enzyme functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective of this work was to study the profile of fatty acids and to search for associations of fatty acids with oxidative-antioxidant parameters and an oxidative-inflammatory biomarker (lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2) in men with coronary atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Methods: Analysis of 20 fatty acids was performed in 60 men with ang ©graphically confirmed coronary atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease and in a control group of men without coronary heart disease. Serum fatty-acid content was evaluated by high-performance gas-liquid chromatography. The blood levels of oxidative stress, total antioxidative defence, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase 2 were analyzed. Results: In the group of men with coronary atherosclerosis the levels of myristic and palmitic fatty acids were higher by 59% and 22%, respectively. An increase in the weight percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids was noted, such as palmitoleic, oleic, and octadecenic. Significantly lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linolic, eicosadienoic, eicosatrienoic, arachidonic, eicosa pentaenoic, y-linolenic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic were detected in the group with coronary atherosclerosis. The lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 level was higher by 48%. Oxidative stress was higher by 17%, and the total antioxidant defence in serum was lower by 45%. We found correlations between fatty acids and oxidative-anti oxi dative alterations. The relative risk of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques correlated with increased levels of palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linolic fatty acids. Conclusions: Significant alterations in the profile of fatty acids are associated with oxidative-antioxidative alterations and are accompanied by an increase in free-radical formation, which can probably serve as a risk factor of atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought stress induces oxidative stress with subsequent increases in reactive oxygen species ROS in plants. To evaluate oxidative stress intensity with re-irrigation, changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression were investigated by Real-Time PCR in two tea clones, DN and 100. Results showed that SOD expression and other measured factors, except for carotenoids, increased under drought stress in clone DN, but the changes were not significant in clone 100, compared to control. All of the meaningful increases in evaluated enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant factors were eliminated with re-irrigation. The observed changes indicate that clone DN activated its antioxidant defense system in response to drought. In contrast, the lack of response in clone 100 indicates higher levels of tolerance of this new clone against drought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preeclampsia (PE) is the most common form of hypertensive disorder in pregnancy, affecting 2–7% of pregnant women worldwide. The complex pathophysiology of preeclampsia begins with abnormal placental development, and immunologic aberrations. Rheological consequences of impaired conversion of spiral arteries result in the placenta’s oxidative stress and disturbed production and the role of placental factors such as the pro and antiangiogenic factor, VEGF, and PIGF, and sFLT1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1). This shift in production is partially mediated by epigenetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]