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An anti-inflammatory diet is characterised by incorporating foods with potential anti-inflammatory properties, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, legumes, spices, herbs and plant-based protein. Concurrently, pro-inflammatory red and processed meat, refined carbohydrates and saturated fats are limited. This article explores the effects of an anti-inflammatory diet on non-communicable diseases (NCD), concentrating on the underlying mechanisms that connect systemic chronic inflammation, dietary choices and disease outcomes. Chronic inflammation is a pivotal contributor to the initiation and progression of NCD. This review provides an overview of the intricate pathways through which chronic inflammation influences the pathogenesis of conditions including obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, CVD, autoinflammatory diseases, cancer and cognitive disorders. Through a comprehensive synthesis of existing research, we aim to identify some bioactive compounds present in foods deemed anti-inflammatory, explore their capacity to modulate inflammatory pathways and, consequently, to prevent or manage NCD. The findings demonstrated herein contribute to an understanding of the interplay between nutrition, inflammation and chronic diseases, paving a way for future dietary recommendations and research regarding preventive or therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nutritional therapy plays a crucial role in diabetes management. Assessing adherence to nutritional recommendations is critical for evaluating whether the current status of nutrition education is appropriate. This study aimed to evaluate adherence to nutritional recommendations according to diabetes status using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2019. Methods: A total of 2,793 participants (55.4% male) were evaluated regarding their adherence to nutritional recommendations. The "aware" group comprised people who had been clinically diagnosed by a physician. The "treated" group comprised people receiving anti-diabetic medications. The "control" group comprised people who achieved an HbA1c level < 6.5%. The "educated" group comprised people who had received nutrition education or counseling at various locations. Results: Among the 1,918 individuals in the "aware" group, only 243 (8.7%) had received nutrition education. Adherence to nutritional recommendations was generally low, with people with diabetes showing slightly higher adherence to total energy intake (59.6% vs. 55.3%) and total sugar intake (88.0% vs. 84.5%) than people without diabetes. However, adherence to total carbohydrate intake was poor in both the treated and educated groups (34.3% and 26.0%, respectively) compared to the untreated and non-educated groups (44.4% and 36.0%, respectively). Conclusions: These findings indicate inadequate nutritional management for people with diabetes in Korea. Nutrition education should be effectively strengthened to achieve nutritional goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Vitamin C, as an essential nutrient, has a wide range of biological effects and a variety of biological functions related to the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Vitamin C supplementation is expected to be a novel prevention and treatment measure for sarcopenia. OBJECTIVE: To review recent research advances in the application of vitamin C in the pathogenesis and treatment of sarcopenia, and to discuss the potential role of vitamin C in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia and possible mechanistic pathways based on published evidence. METHODS: The first author performed a computer search of PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and other databases for relevant studies involving vitamin C in sarcopenia. The search keywords were “vitamin C, ascorbic acid, L-ascorbic acid, ascorbate, antioxidants, oxidative stress, sarcopenia, muscular atrophy, muscle weakness, muscle development, skeletal muscle regenerate, muscles, skeletal muscle” in English and Chinese, respectively. The search period was from each database inception to July 2023. After screening, 85 articles were included for further review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Ensuring adequate dietary vitamin C intake or maintaining normal circulating levels of vitamin C will help to reduce age-related muscle loss and decrease the prevalence of sarcopenia. In addition, vitamin C supplementation is also useful for improving skeletal muscle mass, strength and physical function with potential synergistic effects in exercise strategies for sarcopenia. The effects of vitamin C on sarcopenia may be via the following biological mechanisms: vitamin C limits the activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway mainly by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in skeletal muscle, thus positively regulating protein metabolic homeostasis, and may enhance mitochondrial antioxidant defenses through its antioxidant effects to maintain healthy mitochondrial function. In addition, vitamin C affects myoblast proliferation, differentiation and myotube size, mainly by increasing the expression of myogenic regulatory factors and activating protein synthesis signaling pathways, which contribute to the promotion of muscle development as well as the repair and regeneration of damaged muscle tissue. The positive effects of vitamin C in sarcopenia need to be studied in large samples and with optimized designs for important influencing factors, such as the choice of supplementation dose and duration, the design of exercise prescription when vitamin C is combined with an exercise intervention, and the assessment of the redox status of the individual. It is recommended that future studies should be conducted in older patients with sarcopenia (< 50 μmol/L) with suboptimal vitamin C status to investigate the efficacy of a combined intervention of long-term supplementation with 1 000 mg/d vitamin C (for 6 months or longer) with at least two or more types of multi-type combined exercise, with supplementation timed to take place at 1 hour after the end of the exercise, and with monitoring of markers of oxidative damage produced during the exercise such as malondialdehyde or protein hydroxyl levels were monitored. In conclusion, the optimal dose and timing of vitamin C supplementation for older adults with sarcopenia needs to be explored more, while the appropriate design of exercise prescriptions (especially the type and intensity of exercise) needs to be further determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivesMethodsResultsDiscussionClinical evidence suggests that nutrition interventions can significantly improve symptoms of major depressive disorder; however, the effect on clinical anxiety symptoms in individuals with anxiety disorders has not been studied. The primary objective of the present study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a nutrition intervention. The secondary objectives included assessing changes in anxiety symptom severity, diet quality, self-efficacy, mindful eating, quality of life, and biomarkers.This study was a randomized, wait-list controlled pilot trial delivering a 12-week, biweekly dietary counseling intervention and omega-3 supplementation to 50 adult women with generalized anxiety disorder. Questionnaires and blood work were completed at baseline, after the waiting period, and after the intervention.443 individuals expressed interest within eight months; 50 met the criteria for enrollment. The mean number of sessions attended was 6.4. Final questionnaires were completed by 46 participants. Eighty-four percent of participants strongly agreed with the statement ‘My experience during this study was positive’. The mean anxiety symptom severity score in the intervention group was 26.2 (95% CI 22.94–29.48) at baseline and 11.0 (95% CI 8.05–13.87) at week 12. The mean diet quality score was 7.2 (95% CI 6.32–8.10) and 10.5 (95% CI 9.55–11.49) at baseline and week 12, respectively. Among the waitlist participants, the mean baseline anxiety score was 29.3 (95% CI 24.73–33.91) and 26.8 (95% CI 22.09–31.56) at week 12.This study was feasible and acceptable. Participation in the intervention was associated with a decrease in anxiety symptoms. These findings lay the foundation for large-scale studies. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05573672. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: make a multidisciplinary review about sarcopenia, with the goal to contribute with the diffusion on this topic on the medical community, promote early diagnostic, timely treatment and association with other diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A narrative and retrospective review about sarcopenia was made from the years 2010 to 2023, in the platforms; Academic Google, Elsevier, PubMed, Scielo, ASPEN, ESPEN, NCBI, Clinicalkey, Sciencedirect, EBSCO, Research Gate, Scopus, RIMA, Cochrane, EMBASE, Medline, Ovid, JAMA, PRISMA, Tripdatabase, EMBASE. With the following key words: sarcopenia, muscular quantity and quality, muscular force and performance, primary and secondary sarcopenia. The work was made from January to may 2023. From 1217 sources, 307 were included giving preference to randomized clinical trials and metaanalysis excluding those that contained repetitive information, without free access, low impact magazines, opinions and letters to the editor. The Mexican College of Clinical Nutrition and Nutritional Therapy, summoned an interdisciplinary work group taking into account the clinical exercise in the area. RESULTS: in this work, the relevant information is presented for the correct diagnostic of sarcopenia, its impact in health, interactions with other pathologies and the bases it provides for its opportune management. CONCLUSIONS: this review let us understand the importance of the diagnostic and therapy of sarcopenia, its relationship with age, other diseases and its contribution in the risk of other adverse endpoints. Sarcopenia is widely underestimated in the clinical practice, we encourage intentional screening and timely treatment with the goal to reduce the morbimortality associated with this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modular nutrients are mixtures or isolated macronutrients that can be enriched with micronutrients. Modules are generally added in pediatrics, to the formula or to enteral preparations, to increase the energy intake or some specific nutrient. The existing carbohydrate modules are: maltodextrins, cereals, corn starch. The protein modules comprise; the formula concentration as well as the addition of fortifiers and finally, the lipid modules are made up of vegetable oil, medium chain triglycerides and mixed mixtures. The osmolarity must be considered depending on the type of formula and module to be used, carbohydrate modules are generally the ones that increase osmolarity the most. The usefulness of adding nutritional modules in current pediatrics persists and is a beneficial tool in various pathologies and nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Zinc plays an important role in sepsis; however, the effectiveness of zinc supplementation and the appropriate dose remain unclear. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of zinc supplementation and the appropriate dose in patients with sepsis. Methods: This single-center retrospective observational study included 247 patients with sepsis from 1 April 2015 to 31 March 2023 who were receiving ventilatory management. The patients were divided into three groups according to the zinc supplementation dose: <15 mg, 15–50 mg, and ≥50 mg. Results: The <15 mg, 15–50 mg, and ≥50 mg groups had 28 (19%), six (21%), and 16 deaths (22%) at discharge, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.36). No statistically significant differences were observed in the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay (p = 0.06). A higher supplementation dose corresponded with a statistically significant increase in blood zinc concentration in the first week (38.5 ± 16.6 µg/dL, 58.8 ± 19.7 µg/dL, 74.2 ± 22.5 µg/dL, respectively; p < 0.01) but not in the second or third weeks (p = 0.08, 0.19, respectively). Conclusions: Zinc supplementation did not reduce the mortality rate or length of ICU stay or contribute to an increased serum zinc concentration. High-dose zinc supplementation may not be effective during acute sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Undernourishment is a common health problem among elderly individuals, and its prevalence grows among frail patients, which makes nutritional support a priority, especially in acute diseases. However, providing nutritional support to undernourished patients or to those under acute caloric deprivation may lead to electrolyte disturbances associated with neurological, respiratory, and cardiac symptoms, including cardiac arrest. These disturbances occur a few days after receiving nutritional support, and characterize the refeeding syndrome. METHODOLOGY: Five elderly patients hospitalized for clinical reasons and who developed refeeding syndrome during the duration of the stay, were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: All patients analyzed were malnourished and frail, of whom four were women. The age group ranged between 82 and 85 years, and food deprivation time ranged between 7 to 15 days. Three patients had severe dementia and were admitted with hypoactive delirium. Hypophosphatemia occurred in 100% of the sample, followed by hypokalemia (60%) and hypomagnesemia (40%). Four patients developed peripheral edema, two developed metabolic ileus and three elderly persons (who had lower phosphorus values) died during the hospital stay. CONCLUSION: All refeeding syndrome patients developed hypophosphatemia, with fatal outcome among those whose phosphorus values were lower. The development of peripheral edema and metabolic ileus was frequent. Owing to the lack of data in literature, new researches on refeeding syndrome are extremely important. Electrolyte evaluation before and after nutritional support in patients at risk, is indispensable to facilitate recognition and treatment of this severe condition.

Objective To construct a perioperative and postoperative home nutritional intervention regimen for children with hepatoblastoma, and to evaluate its clinical application effect. Methods Semi-structured interviews, literature research, and Delphi methods were used to construct a perioperative and postoperative nutritional intervention regimen for children with he-patoblastoma. A total of 31 children with hepatoblastoma who underwent surgery in our hospital from January 2019 to August 2021 were enrolled as control group, and 31 children with hepatoblastoma who underwent surgery from September 2021 to December 2023 were enrolled as experimental group. The children in the control group received routine diagnosis, treatment, and nursing, and those in the experimental group received the nutritional intervention regimen in addition to the intervention in the control group. The two groups were compared in terms of nutritional status, blood biochemical parameters (serum albumin, serum prealbumin, and blood hemoglobin), body height, body weight, and body mass index at 1 week before surgery and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery, and the clinical guiding significance and practical effect of the nutritional intervention regimen was assessed. Results At 1 and 3 months after surgery, compared with the control group, the experimental group had a significant reduction in the numbers of children with mild-to-moderate malnutrition and severe malnutrition (Z=-2.799,-3.697,P

Abstract Background Nutritional therapy plays a crucial role in diabetes management. Assessing adherence to nutritional recommendations is critical for evaluating whether the current status of nutrition education is appropriate. This study aimed to evaluate adherence to nutritional recommendations according to diabetes status using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2019. Methods A total of 2,793 participants (55.4% male) were evaluated regarding their adherence to nutritional recommendations. The “aware” group comprised people who had been clinically diagnosed by a physician. The “treated” group comprised people receiving anti-diabetic medications. The “control” group comprised people who achieved an HbA1c level

Abstract Background Adverse reactions to foodstuffs (ARFS), specifically food allergy (FA) and food intolerance (FI), are increasing worldwide and represent a major public health concern. Thus, ARFS management, its identification, evaluation, and intervention, must provide a comprehensive solution. Objectives (a) To develop a multifactorial strategy for ARFS management in adults with FA and/or FI; (b) to describe the multiple influential variables in ARFS within the realm of ARFS management; and (c) to design a personalized food allergen-specific substitutive diet (FASSD), as a 6-month dietary treatment option for adults with ARFS and as a component of ARFS management. Methods The ALASKA study will consider the following main variables as part of the ARFS management: (1) demographics and clinical information; (2) symptomatology, food and beverages intake and physical activity; (3) hematobiochemical study; (4) immunology; (5) enzymatic activity; (6) anthropometry, body composition, and physical fitness; (7) QoL; (8) 6-month intervention; (9) end of the study; and (10) other assessments. The FASSD will be designed with special emphasis on the commonly lacking micronutrients in the ARFS population: niacin, Mg, K, P, Ca, Zn, B12, folate, Fe, and fiber. Discussion The ALASKA study protocol has been developed as a global strategy to manage and evaluate ARFS in Spanish adults older than 18 years of age. Approaching ARFS with multiple assessments, as influencing factors, will lead to a novel strategy for ARFS management. The FASSD has been designed as a personalized tool to avoid crucial micronutrient deficiencies that a current strict food allergen avoidance or elimination diet may provoke. Trial registration The protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the UPM (REF.20200602) and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05802017).

This paper examines nutritional therapy’s (NT) critical role in transforming the aging process and challenges the idea that deteriorating health and loss of autonomy are inevitable outcomes. NT is an organized strategy grounded in scientific principles that use tailored dietary modifications to enhance health outcomes and target certain age-related disorders. Essential nutrients substantially strengthen cellular resilience and the ability to withstand oxidative stress, underscoring the need for a varied and comprehensive diet. NT addresses the physiological effects of aging through dietary adjustments, alleviating cognitive deterioration, and managing malnutrition and frailty. This approach fosters an active and independent lifestyle in older adults. In addition to their considerable calcium content, dairy products play a crucial role in anti-aging measures by supplying necessary nutrients. They enhance cognitive health, bolster immunological function, and promote a balanced gut flora, augmenting their capacity to decelerate aging. Microelements, vitamins, and proteins are recognized as crucial components in anti-aging nutrition. The text emphasizes the intricate equilibrium necessary for cellular resilience and the substantial effect of vitamins on diverse anti-aging mechanisms. Consuming protein of higher quality has been demonstrated to be essential for preserving muscle mass and improving overall metabolic function. Advocacy is given to the necessity of a nutritious and well-balanced diet specifically designed to meet the distinct nutritional requirements of elderly individuals. The strategy stresses maintaining a balanced energy intake, selectively including helpful nutrients, and tailoring the plan to address individual health needs.

Simple Summary: Elderly cancer patients represent a population particularly susceptible to nutritional alterations, which can have an impact on overall survival and chemotherapy tolerance. The effects of nutritional interventions in this frail population have not been adequately examined in previous review studies. We conducted a systematic review of the existing literature on the effects of oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) and dietary counseling during chemotherapy in older oncology patients. Various types of ONS were investigated, including multimodal intervention with tailored nutritional counseling, whey protein supplements, amino acids supplements (including immune nutrition supplements), and fish oil omega-3-enriched supplements. ONSs showed promise in reducing chemotherapy side-effects and improving nutritional status in older cancer patients, but further studies are needed to explore their efficacy on chemotherapy adherence and overall survival. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of ONS considering chronological age and frailty criteria, different dietary habits, and specific nutritional assessment like Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. This study aims to review existing literature on the effect of oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) during chemotherapy in older cancer patients. Electronic databases were searched for relevant studies up to March 2024. The risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane tool. Eligible studies included randomized, prospective, and retrospective studies evaluating the effect of ONSs in elderly (median age > 65 years) cancer patients during chemotherapy. Data regarding chemotherapy adherence, toxicity, overall survival, and nutritional status were extracted. A total of ten studies, involving 1123 patients, were included. A meta-analysis of the results was not conducted due to the scarcity and heterogeneity of results. Some ONSs were associated with reduced incidence of chemotherapy side-effects, particularly oral mucositis, and improved nutritional status. There was limited or no evidence regarding the impact of ONSs on chemotherapy adherence or overall survival. Various types of ONS were investigated, including multimodal intervention with tailored nutritional counseling, whey protein supplements, amino acids supplements (including immune nutrition supplements), and fish oil omega-3-enriched supplements. ONSs showed promise in reducing chemotherapy side-effects and improving nutritional status in older cancer patients, but further studies are needed to explore their efficacy on chemotherapy adherence and overall survival. Future research should consider both chronological age and frailty criteria, account for dietary habits, and use specific nutritional assessment like Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative habits persist in contemporary society that can sometimes result in overweight or the deterioration of body image. This study aimed to assess the suitability of a nutritional and psychosocial intervention as part of an interdisciplinary approach to improve the perception of body image and increase the self-esteem of individuals who are overweight or obese. A total of 55 participants (25 men and 30 women) were included in this quasi-experimental intervention study. Measurements were taken as part of an ambulatory treatment to obtain values for weight, self-esteem, and body image perception using the Rosenberg scale and the Body Self-Esteem scale. At the end of the intervention and after one year, the weight reductions reached an average of 13.4 kg, positive self-image perception improved from a mean of 88.73 at pretest to 148.02 at follow-up, and self-esteem improved from a mean of 22.6 to 32.6. These were all statistically significant changes (p < 0.001). The model is effective in terms of weight reduction, together with improved levels of self-esteem and favorable perceptions of body image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bariatric surgery is an important weight loss tool in individuals with severe obesity. It is currently the most effective long-term weight loss treatment that lowers obesity-related comorbidities. It also has significant physiological and nutritional consequences that can result in gastrointestinal complications and micronutrient deficiencies. After gastric bypass, clinical events that negatively affect nutritional status include malabsorption, dumping syndrome, kidney stones, altered intestinal bile acid availability, bowel obstruction, ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux, and bacterial overgrowth. Risk factors for poor nutritional status and excessive loss of lean body mass and bone include reduced dietary quality and inadequate intake, altered nutrient absorption, and poor patient compliance with nutrient supplementation. There are unique concerns in adolescents, older individuals, and individuals who become pregnant postoperatively. With careful management, health-care professionals can assist with long-term weight loss success and minimize the risk of acute and long-term nutrition complications after bariatric surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Person-centred care (PCC) is an essential component of high-quality healthcare across professions and care settings. While research is emerging in subacute nutrition services more broadly, there is limited literature exploring the person-centredness of nutrition care in rehabilitation. This study aimed to explore person-centred nutrition care (PCNC) in rehabilitation units, as described and actioned by patients, support persons and staff. Key factors influencing PCNC were also explored. An ethnographic study was undertaken across three rehabilitation units. Fifty-eight hours of field work were completed with 165 unique participants to explore PCNC. Field work consisted of observations and interviews with patients, support persons and staff. Data were analysed through the approach of reflexive thematic analysis, informed by PCC theory. Themes generated were: (1) tensions between patient and staff goals; (2) disconnected moments of PCNC; (3) the necessity of interprofessional communication for PCNC; and (4) the opportunity for PCNC to enable the achievement of rehabilitation goals. PCNC was deemed important to different stakeholders but was at times hindered by a focus on profession-specific objectives. Opportunities exist to enhance interprofessional practice to support PCNC in rehabilitation. Future research should consider the system-level factors influencing PCNC in rehabilitation settings. Understanding what matters to patients in rehabilitation was reported as essential in person-centred nutrition care (PCNC), however varying degrees of this were observed in practice, with tensions exposed between the priorities of patients and staff. Collaborative goal setting is needed to enact PCNC, placing the patient at the centre of the process, rather than focusing on pre-determined, profession-specific agendas. However, reorientating this process must coincide with consideration of influencing systems, service priorities and cultures. Nutrition and mealtime-related goals of patients should be communicated not only within clinical teams, but also with dietetic support staff to better inform interprofessional practice and PCNC. Opportunities exist to better connect nutrition and dietetic services with the broader goals and objectives of rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adverse reactions to foodstuffs (ARFS), specifically food allergy (FA) and food intolerance (FI), are increasing worldwide and represent a major public health concern. Thus, ARFS management, its identification, evaluation, and intervention, must provide a comprehensive solution. Objectives: (a) To develop a multifactorial strategy for ARFS management in adults with FA and/or FI; (b) to describe the multiple influential variables in ARFS within the realm of ARFS management; and (c) to design a personalized food allergen-specific substitutive diet (FASSD), as a 6-month dietary treatment option for adults with ARFS and as a component of ARFS management. Methods: The ALASKA study will consider the following main variables as part of the ARFS management: (1) demographics and clinical information; (2) symptomatology, food and beverages intake and physical activity; (3) hematobiochemical study; (4) immunology; (5) enzymatic activity; (6) anthropometry, body composition, and physical fitness; (7) QoL; (8) 6-month intervention; (9) end of the study; and (10) other assessments. The FASSD will be designed with special emphasis on the commonly lacking micronutrients in the ARFS population: niacin, Mg, K, P, Ca, Zn, B12, folate, Fe, and fiber. Discussion: The ALASKA study protocol has been developed as a global strategy to manage and evaluate ARFS in Spanish adults older than 18 years of age. Approaching ARFS with multiple assessments, as influencing factors, will lead to a novel strategy for ARFS management. The FASSD has been designed as a personalized tool to avoid crucial micronutrient deficiencies that a current strict food allergen avoidance or elimination diet may provoke. Trial registration: The protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the UPM (REF.20200602) and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05802017). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disorder. It disrupts sleep and well-being and is often associated with other conditions. This review examines the potential of dietary supplements to manage RLS symptoms and reduce reliance on medications. A total of 10 randomized clinical trials involving 482 participants were analyzed, focusing on the impact of various supplements on symptom severity, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness. Findings suggest some supplements may have positive results. Magnesium oxide and vitamin B6 significantly improved sleep quality and RLS symptoms, with magnesium showing greater effectiveness. Vitamin D supplementation did not show significant benefits. Oral iron has promising results, indicating potential efficacy but issues related to compliance and absorption. Both vitamins C and E positively affect RLS symptoms, likely due to their antioxidant properties. Valerian improved RLS and sleep but did not show a statistically significant improvement. Despite these encouraging results, a high risk of bias was noted in half of the studies, emphasizing the need for more rigorous research. Overall, this review suggests that dietary supplements may be a promising approach to managing RLS. However, further investigation is required to confirm the efficacy and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this review is to examine the intersection of Parkinson's disease (PD) with nutrition, to identify best nutritional practices based on current evidence, and to identify gaps in the evidence and suggest future directions. Epidemiological work has linked various dietary patterns and food groups to changes in PD risk; however, fewer studies have evaluated the role of various diets, dietary components, and supplements in the management of established PD. There is substantial interest in exploring the role of diet-related interventions in both symptomatic management and potential disease modification. In this paper, we evaluate the utility of several dietary patterns, including the Mediterranean (MeDi), Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND), Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), vegan/vegetarian, and ketogenic diet in persons with PD. Additionally, we provide an overview of the evidence relating several individual food groups and nutritional supplements to PD risk, symptoms and progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To investigate the efficacy of raw corn starch (RCS) in clinical management of insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia. We retrospectively collected clinical data of insulinoma patients who received RCS-supplemented diet preoperatively, and analyzed the therapeutic effects of the RCS intervention on blood glucose control, weight change, and its adverse events. The study population consisted of 24 cases of insulinoma patients, 7 males and 17 females, aged 46.08±14.15 years. Before RCS-supplemented diet, all patients had frequent hypoglycemic episodes (2.51±3.88 times/week), concurrent with neuroglycopenia (in 83.3% of patients) and autonomic manifestations (in 75.0% of patients), with the median fasting blood glucose (FBG) of 2.70 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.50–2.90) mmol/L. The patients' weight increased by 0.38 (IQR: 0.05 – 0.65) kg per month, with 8 (33.3%) cases developing overweight and 7 (29.2%) cases developing obesity. All patients maintained the RCS-supplemented diet until they underwent tumor resection (23 cases) and transarterial chemoembolization for liver metastases (1 case). For 19 patients receiving RCS throughout the day, the median FBG within one week of nutritional management was 4.30 (IQR: 3.30–5.70) mmol/L, which was a significant increase compared to pre-nutritional level [2.25 (IQR: 1.60–2.90) mmol/L; P < 0.001]. Of them, 10 patients receiving RCS throughout the day for over four weeks had sustained improvement in FBG compared to pre-treatment [3.20 (IQR: 2.60–3.95) mmol/L vs. 2.15 (IQR: 1.83 – 2.33) mmol/L; P < 0.001). Five patients who received RCS only at night also had a significant increase in FBG within one week of nutritional management [3.50 (IQR: 2.50–3.65) mmol/L vs. 2.20 (IQR: 1.80–2.60) mmol/L; P < 0.001], but only one patient who continued to receive RCS for over four weeks did not have a significant improvement in FBG. No improvement in weight gain was observed upon RCS supplementation. Mild diarrhea (2 cases) and flatulence (1 case) occurred, and were relieved by reduction of RCS dose. The RCS-supplemented diet is effective in controlling insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic cancer is the most common medical condition that requires pancreatic resection. Over the last three decades, significant improvements have been made in the conditions and procedures related to pancreatic surgery, resulting in mortality rates lower than 5%. However, it is important to note that the morbidity in pancreatic surgery remains r latively high, with a percentage range of 30–60%. Pre-operative malnutrition is considered to be an independent risk factor for post-operative complications in pancreatic surgery, such as impaired wound healing, higher infection rates, prolonged hospital stay, hospital readmission, poor prognosis, and increased morbidity and mortality. Regarding the post-operative period, it is crucial to provide the best possible management of gastrointestinal dysfunction and to handle the consequences of alterations in food digestion and nutrient absorption for those undergoing pancreatic surgery. The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) suggests that early oral feeding should be the preferred way to initiate nourishing surgical patients as it is associated with lower rates of complications. However, there is ongoing debate about the optimal post-operative feeding approach. Several studies have shown that enteral nutrition is associated with a shorter time to recovery, superior clinical outcomes and biomarkers. On the other hand, recent data suggest that nutritional goals are better achieved with parenteral feeding, either exclusively or as a supplement. The current review highlights recommendations from existing evidence, including nutritional screening and assessment and pre/post-operative nutrition support fundamentals to improve patient outcomes. Key areas for improvement and opportunities to enhance guideline implementation are also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of reviewReferral to nutrition care providers in the USA such as registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) for medical nutrition therapy (MNT) remains low. We summarize research on the effectiveness of MNT provided by dietitians versus usual care in the management of adults with dyslipidemia. Improvements in lipids/lipoproteins were examined. If reported, blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose (FBG) glycated hemoglobin (A1c), body mass index (BMI), and cost outcomes were also examined.Recent findingsThe synthesis of three systematic reviews included thirty randomized controlled trials. Multiple MNT visits (3-6) provided by dietitians, compared with usual care, resulted in significant improvements in total cholesterol (mean range: - 4.64 to - 20.84 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mean range: - 1.55 to - 11.56 mg/dl), triglycerides (mean range: - 15.9 to - 32.55 mg/dl), SBP (mean range: - 4.7 to - 8.76 mm Hg), BMI (mean: - 0.4 kg/m2), and A1c (- 0.38%). Cost savings from MNT were attributed to a decrease in medication costs and improved quality of life years (QALY). Multiple MNT visits provided by dietitians compared with usual care improved lipids/lipoproteins, BP, A1c, weight status, and QALY with significant cost savings in adults with dyslipidemia and justify a universal nutrition policy for equitable access to MNT.

BackgroundMalnutrition is a common complication in chronic pancreatitis and associated with reduced quality of life and life expectancy. Nutritional support is considered mandatory in malnourished patients with chronic pancreatitis but there is only scarce evidence on optimal treatment modalities and the efficacy of nutrition therapy. Here, we investigated the feasibility and efficacy of an intensified nutritional intervention in malnourished patients with chronic pancreatitis and aimed to identify suitable indicators for monitoring nutritional status.MethodsWe performed a single-arm feasibility study, in which malnourished patients with chronic pancreatitis received an intensified trans-sectoral nutritional intervention for 6 months. Multimodal treatment comprised face-to-face dietary counseling, oral nutritional supplementation, and a complementary telephone-based nutrition and exercise coaching. Patients underwent follow-up examinations after 28, 90, and 180 days, when we assessed changes in anthropometric and body composition measures, muscle function, Chronic Pancreatitis Prognosis Score (COPPS), as well as blood parameters and intestinal microbiota composition.ResultsEleven out of 73 patients initially screened for study participation were enrolled in the trial of which 9 subjects (age (mean ± SD): 56.2 (±14.8) years; male: 67%; alcoholic etiology: 44%) underwent the complete intervention. Patients gained a median of 5.3 kg (8.6%) body weight, including 1.6 kg skeletal muscle mass, and significantly increased gait speed (p

BackgroundIncreasing evidence suggests that nutrition plays an important role in the treatment of gastric cancer. However, no bibliometrics analysis has been conducted in this field. Our study aimed to conduct a bibliometric study to explore the latest publishing trends and areas of intense activity within the sphere of nutrition in gastric cancer.MethodPublications were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace (Version 6.2.4) and VOSviewer (Version 1.6.18) were used for visual analysis.ResultsIn total, there were 441 publications authored by 2,941 authors from 809 organizations and 47 countries, published in 182 journals from 2013 to 2023. The most prolific country was China, and the most productive institution was the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The leading core journal was Nutrients. P Daisuke Kobayashi and Yasuhiro Kodera were the most influential authors. The first highly cited document was published in Gastric Cancer by Kamarajah et al. The hotspots in this field were nutrition treatment and nutritional status. Moreover, research on nutritional status and nutrition-related prognosis in gastric cancer might be a potential trend.ConclusionNutrition in gastric cancer is a burgeoning research field garnering increasing attention. Further investigation is necessary to better understand the impact of nutritional status on the prognosis of gastric cancer.

The microbial cells colonizing the human body form an ecosystem that is integral to the regulation and maintenance of human health. Elucidation of specific associations between the human microbiome and health outcomes is facilitating the development of microbiome-targeted recommendations and treatments (e.g., fecal microbiota transplant; pre-, pro-, and post-biotics) to help prevent and treat disease. However, the potential of such recommendations and treatments to improve human health has yet to be fully realized. Technological advances have led to the development and proliferation of a wide range of tools and methods to collect, store, sequence, and analyze microbiome samples. However, differences in methodology at each step in these analytic processes can lead to variability in results due to the unique biases and limitations of each component. This technical variability hampers the detection and validation of associations with small to medium effect sizes. Therefore, the American Society for Nutrition (ASN) Nutritional Microbiology Group Engaging Members (GEM), sponsored by the Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences (IAFNS), hosted a satellite session on methods in nutrition and gut microbiome research to review currently available methods for microbiome research, best practices, as well as tools and standards to aid in comparability of methods and results. This manuscript summarizes the topics and research discussed at the session. Consideration of the guidelines and principles reviewed in this session will increase the accuracy, precision, and comparability of microbiome research and ultimately the understanding of the associations between the human microbiome and health.

Abstract Background Osteoarthritis (OA) has long been considered as a degenerative disease of cartilage tissue resulting from bodily wear and tear. However, there is accumulating evidence that inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of OA. In knee OA, the most common form of OA, exercise therapy as an effective component of early treatment addresses functional deficits, pain and inflammation. Since inflammation is critical for the development and progress of OA, anti-inflammatory therapies must be combined strategically. In the course of the NUMOQUA project, an anti-inflammatory therapeutic diet named ‘Austrian Osteoarthritis Cuisine’ was developed. It is based on the framework of the New Nordic Diet combined with the food-based dietary guidelines of Austria, the guidelines for OA, the Austrian food culture and the principles of a sustainable diet. The present study examines the implementation of the ‘Austrian OA Cuisine’ combined with the evidence-based training programme GLA:D® (Good Life with osteoArthritis in Denmark) in Austrian patients with knee OA and the effects on quality of life, nutritional and inflammatory status, as well as oxidative stress parameters. Methods A total of 60 participants aged 50 to 75 with knee OA will be included and randomly assigned either to the intervention group or the control group. All participants will undergo the GLA:D® programme in the first 6 weeks. Additionally, the intervention group will receive nutritional group training and individual nutritional counselling on the ‘Austrian OA Cuisine’ over 9 months. The control group will receive general information about a healthy lifestyle. Measurements at baseline and at 4 follow-up dates include nutritional, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, anthropometric, behavioural and clinical data will be obtained. The recruitment process lasted from autumn 2022 to January 2024, followed by the intervention until October 2024. Discussion The prevalence of OA is expected to increase in the future due to ongoing demographic changes and rising obesity rates. The expected results will provide important evidence on whether this interdisciplinary therapeutic approach could be a new, cost-effective and sustainable strategy to address the disease process of OA without negative side effects. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05955300. Date of registration: 23rd of October 2023.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has always been a complicated global challenge, ranking as the 12th leading cause of death worldwide. Hemodialysis, being one of the most opted renal replacement therapies (RRTs) for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), still possesses some limitations in preventing complications, such as malnutrition and mineral bone disease (CKD-MBD). While efforts have focused on controlling CKD-MBD parameters like calcium and phosphate, less attention has been given to dietary interventions. Moreover, the adoption of low-phosphorus diets for hemodialysis patients is very complex due to potential conflicts with the guideline-recommended high-protein dietary approach. This study sought to investigate the relationship between dietary phosphorus intake and nutritional status in CKD patients undergoing regular hemodialysis.

Background & Aims: The intestinal rehabilitation program (IRP) is a specialized approach to managing patients with intestinal failure (IF). The goal of IRP is to reduce the patient's dependence on parenteral nutrition by optimizing nutrition intake while minimizing the risk of complications and providing individualized medical and surgical treatment. We aimed to provide a thorough overview of our extensive history in adult IRP. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of adults with IF treated at our center's IRP over the past two decades. We collected data on demographic and clinical results, such as the causes of IF, the current status of the remaining bowel, nutritional support, and complications or mortality related to IF or prolonged parenteral nutrition. Results: We analyzed a total of 47 adult patients with a median follow-up of 6.7 years. The most common cause of IF was massive bowel resection due to mesenteric vessel thrombosis (38.3%). Twenty-eight patients underwent rehabilitative surgery, including 12 intestinal transplants. The 5-year survival rate was 81.9% with 13 patients who expired due to sepsis, liver failure, or complication after transplantation. Of the remaining 34 patients, 18 were successfully weaned off from parenteral nutrition. Conclusion: Our results of IRP over two decades suggest that the individualized and multidisciplinary program for adult IF is a promising approach for improving patient outcomes and achieving nutritional autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a widespread problem in critically ill patients with neurological disorders. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a multidisciplinary collaborative nutritional treatment mode based on a standardized unit for nutritional support on the outcome metrics in patients with neurological disorders who are critically ill. METHODS: We enrolled 84 participants who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Yancheng No. 1 People's Hospital for neurological disorders between June 2018 and December 2021. The participants were randomly assigned to the control group and the test group. The control group received traditional nutritional support, while the test group was treated with a multidisciplinary collaborative nutritional treatment mode based on a standardized unit for nutritional support. We collected the general information, feeding tolerance (FT), nutritional risk score, and laboratory indicators before intervention, after intervention for one week, and after intervention for 2 weeks, and other data of the participants. RESULTS: After the intervention, the test group scored significantly lower than the control group in the incidence of gastroparesis and diarrhea, as well as the NUTRIC score, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.001). The prealbumin levels in the test group increased progressively prior to intervention, after intervention for one week, and after intervention for two weeks. Compared to the control group, the test group had higher prealbumin levels prior to intervention, after intervention for one week, and after intervention for two weeks, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: We developed a multidisciplinary collaborative nutritional treatment model based on a standard unit for nutritional support. This model can improve neural function, FT, and pertinent outcome indicators and is generally applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigated changes of lipid parameters in children with severe eating disorders during refeeding in order to explore the optimal timing for lipid preparation administration. Methods: We prospectively assessed the physical conditions of patients with eating disorders after the start of nutrition therapy. The assessments were performed at admission and at 2 and 4 weeks. Lipid metabolism was assessed based on triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and free carnitine (FC) levels, as well as acylcarnitine/free carnitine (AC/FC) ratio. Results: A total of 18 patients were included. Of these, 12 and 6 received an oral diet (OD group) and total parenteral nutrition (TPN group), respectively. The mean body mass indexes at hospital admission were 12.8 kg/m2 in the OD group and 12.7 kg/m2 in the TPN group. At 2 weeks after the start of refeeding, TC, TG, and AC/FC levels were significantly lower in the TPN group than in the OD group. Other blood test results did not show any significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions: Fat-free glucose-based nutrition promoted lipid metabolism over a 2-week period after the start of refeeding, suggesting that balanced energy and lipid intake are essential, even in TPN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During critical illness skeletal muscle wasting occurs rapidly. Although beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate (HMB) is a potential treatment to attenuate this process, the plasma appearance and muscle concentration is uncertain. Methods: This was an exploratory study nested within a blinded, parallel group, randomized clinical trial in which critically ill patients after trauma received enteral HMB (3 g daily) or placebo. Plasma samples were collected at 0, 60, and 180 min after study supplement administration on day 1. Needle biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle were collected (baseline and day 7 of the HMB treatment intervention period). An external standard curve was used to calculate HMB concentrations in plasma and muscle. Results: Data were available for 16 participants (male n = 12 (75%), median [interquartile range] age 50 [29–58] years) who received placebo and 18 participants (male n = 14 (78%), age 49 [34–55] years) who received HMB. Plasma HMB concentrations were similar at baseline but increased after HMB (T = 60 min: placebo 0.60 [0.44–1.31] µM; intervention 51.65 [22.76–64.72] µM). Paired muscle biopsies were collected from 11 participants (placebo n = 7, HMB n = 4). Muscle HMB concentrations were similar at baseline between groups (2.35 [2.17–2.95]; 2.07 [1.78–2.31] µM). For participants in the intervention group who had the repeat biopsy within 4 h of HMB administration, concentrations were greater (7.2 and 12.3 µM) than those who had the repeat biopsy >4 h after HMB (2.7 and 2.1 µM). Conclusion: In this exploratory study, enteral HMB administration increased plasma HMB availability. The small sample size limits interpretation of the muscle HMB findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivesMethodsResultsDiscussionAlthough an increasing number of studies show that time-restricted feeding may improve metabolic health, studies examining the behavioral effects of this eating pattern are limited. This study examined the effect of time-restricted feeding on impulsivity in adults.Thirty adults aged 25–41 years participated in this randomized controlled trial. The intervention group followed time-restricted feeding for 4 weeks and there was no energy restriction in the intervention group (n = 15) or control group (n = 15). Impulsivity was assessed before and after the intervention with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and the Go/NoGo task.The compliance rate (the percentage of days when participants had a feeding time of ≤ 8 hours/day) of the intervention group to the time-restricted feeding pattern was 92.38 ± 4.24%. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 total score of the intervention group increased from 55.53 ± 6.37 to 59.47 ± 7.67 (p = 0.02). During the Go/NoGo task, an indicator of inhibitory control, the reaction time to food and non-food stimuli was significantly shortened in the intervention group (respectively; p = 0.009, p = 0.01). In the control group, no significant change was detected in impulsivity determined by the BIS-11 or Go/NoGo task.This study showed that although time-restricted feeding may reduce body weight, it can lead to increased impulsivity and impaired inhibitory control.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04960969. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) has long been considered as a degenerative disease of cartilage tissue resulting from bodily wear and tear. However, there is accumulating evidence that inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of OA. In knee OA, the most common form of OA, exercise therapy as an effective component of early treatment addresses functional deficits, pain and inflammation. Since inflammation is critical for the development and progress of OA, anti-inflammatory therapies must be combined strategically. In the course of the NUMOQUA project, an anti-inflammatory therapeutic diet named 'Austrian Osteoarthritis Cuisine' was developed. It is based on the framework of the New Nordic Diet combined with the food-based dietary guidelines of Austria, the guidelines for OA, the Austrian food culture and the principles of a sustainable diet. The present study examines the implementation of the 'Austrian OA Cuisine' combined with the evidence-based training programme GLA:D® (Good Life with osteoArthritis in Denmark) in Austrian patients with knee OA and the effects on quality of life, nutritional and inflammatory status, as well as oxidative stress parameters. Methods: A total of 60 participants aged 50 to 75 with knee OA will be included and randomly assigned either to the intervention group or the control group. All participants will undergo the GLA:D® programme in the first 6 weeks. Additionally, the intervention group will receive nutritional group training and individual nutritional counselling on the 'Austrian OA Cuisine' over 9 months. The control group will receive general information about a healthy lifestyle. Measurements at baseline and at 4 follow-up dates include nutritional, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, anthropometric, behavioural and clinical data will be obtained. The recruitment process lasted from autumn 2022 to January 2024, followed by the intervention until October 2024. Discussion: The prevalence of OA is expected to increase in the future due to ongoing demographic changes and rising obesity rates. The expected results will provide important evidence on whether this interdisciplinary therapeutic approach could be a new, cost-effective and sustainable strategy to address the disease process of OA without negative side effects. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05955300. Date of registration: 23rd of October 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-drug interventions are recommended for chronic condition prevention and management yet are underused in clinical practice. Understanding barriers and enablers to using non-drug interventions may help implement non-drug interventions in primary care. We aimed to conduct an overview of reviews to identify and summarise common barriers and enablers for using non-drug interventions for common chronic conditions in primary care. Methods: We included qualitative and quantitative reviews that used systematic process or methods to examine barriers and enablers to using non-drug interventions for chronic condition prevention and management in primary care settings. We searched 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, PsycInfo and CINAHL) from inception to September 2022. Two authors independently screened reviews. One author extracted and deductively coded data to Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research (CFIR) (and where relevant, Theoretical Domains Framework [TDF]). A second author validated 10% of extracted data and coding. Data was synthesised thematically using CFIR and TDF. One author assessed the methodological quality of included reviews using a modified AMSTAR 2 tool, with 10% validated by a second author. We assessed overlap between primary studies in included reviews. Results: From 5324 records, we included 25 reviews, with data predominately from patients. Overall, 130 subthemes (71 barrier and 59 enabler) were identified across 4 CFIR domains (Innovation, Outer Setting, Inner Setting, and Individuals), and all TDF domains. Common barrier and enabler subthemes were identified for CFIR constructs of Innovation Adaptability, Innovation Cost, Innovation Relative Advantage, Local Attitudes, External Pressure, Local Conditions, Relational Connections, Available Resources, and Access to Knowledge and Information. For TDF domains, important barrier and enabler subthemes were identified for Knowledge, Skills, Environmental Context and Resources, Beliefs about Consequences, Reinforcement, and Emotion. Conclusions: We synthesised reviews to provide new insight into common barriers and enablers for using non-drug interventions to prevent and manage chronic conditions in primary care. The factors identified can inform the development of generalisable implementation interventions to enhance uptake of multiple non-drug interventions simultaneously. Trial Registration: This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022357583). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic diseases are a significant burden on the healthcare system. Nutrition counseling plays a pivotal role in the management and prevention of chronic diseases. Despite its importance, primary healthcare clinicians face practical challenges in providing effective nutritional guidance owing to time limitations, lack of information, and resistance of patients. Current Concepts: This review identifies the main barriers to nutrition counseling that are encountered by primary healthcare clinicians. We propose general strategies to overcome these obstacles, emphasizing the need for simple and easy approaches in clinical settings. In addition, specific one-point counseling methods according to gender and age that can be applied in various situations, techniques related to behavior change for motivating and guiding patients, and practical tips to cope with common conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity are also discussed. Additionally, utilization of education materials, apps, and websites as convenient resources for patients is highlighted. Discussion and Conclusion: Real-life cases demonstrated successful application of nutrition counseling in clinical practice that benefitted both the patients and clinicians. This review suggests enhancing nutrition education in medical schools and residency programs, along with activating nutrition counseling fees to motivate and support clinicians. In conclusion, this review reaffirms the importance of nutrition counseling and stresses the need for continuous learning and practice by clinicians. In the future, nutrition counseling is envisioned as a more integrated and patient-centered approach, necessitating active engagement and adaptation by primary healthcare providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutrition therapy is plays a pivotal role in diabetes prevention and blood glucose control among diabetics. The contents of the revision of the food exchange lists are as follows. First, the National Standard Food Ingredient Table 10.0 database was used, and the existing classification system and the standard amount of representative nutrients for each food group were maintained. Second, the food list increased significantly from 339 to 435 types in 2010, reflecting survey results from diabetes educators on the addition and deletion of foods. Third, an example of distribution of food groups by energy was planned based on the intake ratio of macronutrients and the ratio of intake of various carbohydrates (40~45%, 50~55%, and 60~65%) to facilitate use in meal patterns in consideration of the patient’s usual eating habits. Fourth, various meal planning methods and diets were presented for individualized meals. Fifth, because of the rapid changes to information on healthy diabetic meals and practices, as well as limitations on updates and revisions, the method of accessing and interpreting data is included in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effectiveness of rehabilitation programs (RP) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation remains controversial. However, few studies have investigated the combined effects of exercise and nutritional therapy. This study aimed to determine the effects of combined nutritional therapy on the physical function and nutritional status of patients with COPD exacerbation who underwent early RP. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbations. Patients were assigned to receive a regular diet in addition to RP (control group) or RP and nutrition therapy (intervention group). Physical function, including quadricep strength and body composition, was assessed. The intervention group was administered protein-rich oral nutritional supplements. A total of 38 patients with negligible baseline differences were included in the analysis. The intervention group showed a notably greater change in quadriceps strength. Lean body mass and skeletal muscle indices markedly decreased in the control group but were maintained in the intervention group. Logistic regression analysis identified nutritional therapy as a significant factor associated with increased muscle strength. No serious adverse events were observed in either group. Therefore, nutritional therapy combined with RP is safe and effective for improving exercise function while maintaining body composition in patients with COPD exacerbation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: To estimate resistance, reactance, and phase angle values among moderate preterm infants and their variation according to neonatal and maternal characteristics and nutritional intake. (2) Methods: This was a cohort that evaluated 43 moderate preterm infants using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The study variables included resistance, reactance, and phase angle measurements, in addition to classification of nutritional intake. (3) Results: Mean resistance was 602.0 ± 118.2 Ω, reactance was 57.2 Ω (IQR = 42.6–65.2), and phase angle was 522° (IQR = 4.1–6.6). Lower resistance values were found in the presence of risky pregnancy (532.2 ± 111.9 Ω vs. 650.9 ± 97.9 Ω, p < 0.001) and lower reactance values, in the presence of harmful maternal lifestyle habits at both the first (p = 0.01) and second assessments (p = 0.01). Eight preterm infants were considered to have insufficient nutritional intake (23.5%); 17, sufficient (50.0%) and 9, partially sufficient (26.5%). There was less reactance among preterm infants with insufficient nutritional intake (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements were within the range of values reported in other studies. There was an association between full diet and adequate nutritional intake with higher resistance values, while a lower reactance value was associated with the presence of risky pregnancy and harmful maternal lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aimsMedical nutrition therapy is important for diabetes management. This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of a diabetes-specific formula (DSF) on glycemic control and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsParticipants (n = 235) were randomized to either DSF with standard of care (SOC) (DSF group; n = 117) or SOC only (control group; n = 118). The DSF group consumed one or two DSF servings daily as meal replacement or partial meal replacement. The assessments were done at baseline, on day 45, and on day 90.ResultsThere were significant reductions in glycated hemoglobin (−0.44% vs. –0.26%, p = 0.015, at day 45; −0.50% vs. −0.21%, p = 0.002, at day 90) and fasting blood glucose (−0.14 mmol/L vs. +0.32 mmol/L, p = 0.036, at day 90), as well as twofold greater weight loss (−1.30 kg vs. –0.61 kg, p

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a type of eating disorders characterized by self-starvation, significant loss of body mass, and malnutrition. AN has the highest mortality rate among all psychiatric disorders, leading to severe psychopathologic symptoms and life-threatening medical complications. However, AN cannot be recognized and diagnosed early in China, resulting in a prolonged course of the disease. Therefore, under the organization of the Eating Disorders Coordination Group of the Psychosomatic Medicine Society of the Chinese Medical Association, together with the Eating Disorders Research Collaboration Group of the Psychiatric Medicine Society of the Chinese Medical Association, this expert consensus was formulated by 16 medical experts based on evidence-based medical evidence, domestic and international guidelines and expert consensus, expert experience, etc., in order to improve the recognition, diagnosis and treatment of AN among domestic professionals.

Background: Endometriosis is a chronic disease that affects approximately 10% of reproductive-age women, and one of the primary symptoms is pain, which can significantly impact quality of life and productivity. This has resulted in substantial income loss for women across the world. Aims: This study aimed to systematically review the evidence of nutrition interventions for improving pain in endometriosis patients based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and to perform a meta-analysis of the risk difference in mean visual analogue scale (VAS) between the treatment group and control. Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was used in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus using the keywords endometriosis, diet, nutrition, and pain. Screening, full-text review, and risk assessment were performed by two independent reviewers, and risk assessment bias was conducted using Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2). Results: The search resulted in 1,084 records, and eight studies were included in the review. Most studies were concluded to have low risk of bias based on RoB2 assessment, with two studies with some concern and one study with high risk of bias according to missing outcome data in reports. A total of 225 cases and 245 controls, laparoscopically confirmed with endometriosis, were included in this review. Nutrition interventions included in this review were vitamin C, D, E, fish oils, and complementary diet therapy for 8-24 weeks. Meta-analysis using a random-effect model showed an 18% risk reduction in mean VAS in the treatment group compared to the control. Although this analysis found substantial heterogeneity within the study (I2=82.51%), this finding can be explained by subgroup analysis, in which fish oils showed a positive mean risk difference with a large confidence interval. Conclusions: This study found that nutrition interventions show promising effects in alleviating pain in endometriosis. However, further research, especially RCTs for comparing nutrition intervention and medical treatments in managing endometriosis pain, is still much needed. These findings highlight the importance of exploring alternative, non-pharmacological approaches in endometriosis management, which could potentially improve the quality of life for patients.

A balanced and healthy diet is very important in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in childhood. In addition to regulating blood glucose with diet, diet should also support optimal growth. Low-carbohydrate diet aims to provide daily energy from fats and was originally used for childhood epilepsy. We present a patient with T1DM who experienced unfavorable effects when on a low-carbohydrate diet.

Aims/hypothesis: Early time-restricted carbohydrate consumption (eTRC) is a novel dietary strategy that involves restricting carbohydrate-rich food intake to the morning and early afternoon to align with circadian variations in glucose tolerance. We examined the efficacy, feasibility and safety of eTRC in individuals with type 2 diabetes under free-living conditions. Methods: In this randomised, parallel-arm, open label, controlled trial, participants with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity (age 67.2±7.9 years, 47.8% women, BMI 29.4±3.7 kg/m2, HbA1c 49±5 mmol/mol [6.6±0.5%]) were randomised, using computer-generated random numbers, to a 12 week eTRC diet or a Mediterranean-style control diet with matched energy restriction and macronutrient distribution (50% carbohydrate, 30% fat and 20% protein). The primary outcome was the between-group difference in HbA1c at 12 weeks. Body composition, 14 day flash glucose monitoring and food diary analysis were performed every 4 weeks. Mixed meal tolerance tests with mathematical beta cell function modelling were performed at baseline and after 12 weeks. Results: Twelve (85.7%) participants in the eTRC arm and 11 (84.6%) participants in the control arm completed the study, achieving similar reductions in body weight and fat mass. The two groups experienced comparable improvements in HbA1c (−3 [−6, −0.3] mmol/mol vs −4 [−6, −2] mmol/mol, corresponding to −0.2 [−0.5, 0]% and −0.3 [−0.5, −0.1]%, respectively, p=0.386), fasting plasma glucose, flash glucose monitoring-derived glucose variability and mixed meal tolerance test-derived glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, insulin clearance and plasma glucagon levels, without changes in model-derived beta cell function parameters, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and non-esterified fatty acid levels. The two diets similarly reduced liver function markers and triglyceride levels, being neutral on other cardiometabolic and safety variables. In exploratory analyses, diet-induced changes in body weight and glucometabolic variables were not related to the timing of carbohydrate intake. Conclusions/interpretation: The proposed eTRC diet provides a feasible and effective alternative option for glucose and body weight management in individuals with type 2 diabetes, with no additional metabolic benefits compared with conventional dieting. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05713058 Funding: This study was supported by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the Italian Society of Diabetology (SID). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine how nutrition therapy with brown rice, tuna fish, pineapple, and cucumber affects proteinuria and albuminuria in male Wistar rats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, 16 male Wistar rats with CKD were divided into four groups. The result states that the third treatment, consisting of 341 g/kg BW (Body Weight)/day brown rice, 15 g/kg BW/day tuna fish, 2 g/kg BW/day pineapple, and 2 g/kg BW/day cucumber could reduce both proteinuria (p <0.01) and albuminuria (p <0.01) in rats. However, the first (250 g brown rice, 13 g/kg BW/day tuna fish, 1 g/kg BW/day pineapple, 1 g/kg BW/day cucumber) and second treatment (296 g/kg BW/day brown rice, 14 g/kg BW/day tuna fish, 1.5 g/kg BW/day pineapple, 1.5 g/kg BW/day cucumber) could not reduce the levels of proteinuria and albuminuria in rats. In conclusion, giving a balanced diet containing 341 g/kg BW/day of brown rice, 15 g/kg BW/day of tuna fish, 2 g/kg BW/day of pineapple, and 2 g/kg BW/day of cucumber for CKD can maintain body fluid and increase the re-absorption of proteins and albumin. Therefore, the third nutrition formula can be recommended to people with kidney disease after clinical tests on humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Globally, the prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) has significantly increased. Consequently, interest in non-pharmacological treatment approaches has risen. Current Concepts: Nutritional and immunological status plays a pivotal role in the onset, treatment, and prognosis of NTM-PD. A lower body mass index is associated with an increased disease risk. Reduced abdominal fat and hypoalbuminemia have also been linked to the progression of NTM-PD. As a result, nutritional therapy aims to overcome underweight and meet energy, protein, and micronutrient requirements. In addition, exercise, and respiratory rehabilitation are essential for patients. Moderate aerobic and strength training is recommended, while strenuous activities need to be avoided, especially in cases of hemoptysis. Environmental management includes minimizing exposure to potential NTM sources like aerosols from showers, public baths, and gardening. Recommendations include regular cleaning of showerheads, adequate bathroom ventilation, and avoiding public baths and indoor swimming. For patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, consuming water boiled for at least 10 minutes is advised. Discussion and Conclusion: Although antibiotics remain central to NTM-PD treatment, they may not be suitable for every patient due to their potential side effects. Therefore, a comprehensive approach encompassing nutritional management, exercise, and environmental control is essential. Continued research into developing non-pharmacological interventions remains vital for holistic treatment strategies to address NTM-PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]