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Brunner’s gland hyperplasia (BGH) or adenoma is an uncommon benign lesion which mimics malignancy in the duodenum. In the present study, five cases of BGH were reported, out of which one case was presented with large size measuring 5.54×4.05 cm, which has not been yet reported. Computed tomography demonstrated a large obstructing polypoidal mass, on esophagogastroduodenoscopy demonstrated polypoidal growth, and histologic examination revealed brunner’s gland adenoma. Most of the cases presented with gastric outlet obstruction and upper gastrointestinal bleeding with other non-specific symptoms. BGH is an uncommon benign condition of the duodenum, patients were usually asymptomatic or may present with non-specific symptoms or present as an incidental finding on endoscopy. Endoscopic and/or surgical resection represents the ideal approach. Brunner’s gland described by the Swiss anatomist Johann Conrad Brunner in 1688, predominantly present within the submucosa, begin just distal to the gastroduodenal junction, and gradually decrease in size and number distally and are often used as a histological marker of the duodenum. A Brunner’s gland adenoma (BGA), also known as BGH or hamartoma, is an uncommonbenign lesion in the duodenum.

Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) are one of the most common neoplasms, with classical morphology and histopathological features, but they can be diagnostically challenging at times. Albeit well defined subtypes of PNST have been described in literature, but controversies regarding reporting and typing of these tumors persists. Malignant PNSTs represent a diagnostically challenging group. Although the diagnosis and classification of most PNST are relatively straightforward, borderline grey zone neoplasms continue to be a diagnostic difficulty. In our case series, we attempt in providing some useful information for the oncopathologist to help navigate these persistent and challenging problems. In the present study, we found 26 cases of PNST, out of which the most common was schwannoma (n=18), followed by neurofibroma (n=7) and one case of malignant type, that is, malignant PNST. The cases involving all age from 12 to 65 years, showing slight male preponderance.

A curriculum can be seen from different perspectives. What society’s image as important tutoring and literacy constitutes the" intended" curriculum. Since it's generally presented in sanctioned documents, it may be also called the" written “or" sanctioned" curriculum. Still, at a classroom position this intended curriculum may be altered through a range of complex classroom relations, and what's actually delivered can be considered the" enforced" curriculum. What learners really learn (i.e. what can be assessed and can be demonstrated as learning issues or capabilities) constitutes the" achieved “or" learned" curriculum. To achieve the desired target we seek the help of Textbook. Handbooks are the major source of generalities, ideas and the content for classroom tutoring and literacy. Handbooks are the base for selection of content by the Curriculum preceptors for instruction (English, 1986). Handbooks shape the conditioning of the school teacher and scholars in the classroom. In this paper, I would examine the importance of textbook in Indian curriculum with reference to BSEB (Bihar School Examination Board).

Nurses are the heart of the health care system. They develop a plan of care, working collaboratively with physicians, therapists, the patient’s families and other team members that focus on treating illness to improve quality of life. This study was conducted to enhance the knowledge of nal year students of BSc Nursing and GNM who are the future nurses regarding partograph because they have to implement their partograph-related knowledge. A sample of 64 students of BSc Nursing and GNM was imparted training in partograph. The assessment after the training revealed that majority of students (42.18%) students had average knowledge regarding E-learning partograph.