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To ensure the preservation of religious identity and the socio-political harmony of society in contemporary settings, it is crucial to explore methods for accurately interpreting the Quranic verses, which form the foundation of our traditional beliefs, while addressing both theoretical and practical aspects. Contemporary religious scholars highlight the importance of investigating the unity of spiritual experiences, knowledge, and consciousness, alongside a proper comprehension of the Quranic verses and their implications. The scientific examination of sacred texts is fundamental for protecting society from misleading foreign religious ideologies and for establishing sound religious principles and belief systems. In this research, the authors analyzed the perspectives of ahlisunna scholars on anthropomorphic texts and investigated the connection between theological verses of the Quran and the fields of linguistics, rhetoric, and semantics. Emphasis was placed on concepts such as muhkam and mutashabih, along with various interpretations of mutashabih texts. The study identified methods for interpreting verses related to the attributes of the Creator and unveiled the reasons behind their varied interpretations. The perspectives of Kalam scholars on mutashabih texts were also articulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Divinity of Ankara University / Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ta'wil is one of the basic concepts that has gained terminological meanings in almost all Islamic sciences. In the history of tafsir, the word ta'wil has been the subject of legitimacy debates in the context of the interpretation of the divine word. The discussions in question have evolved into an understanding that ta'wil is used synonymously with tafsir, although some conditions are met. It has preserved this meaning, which it gained in the eyes of the commentators, until today. The word ta'wil etymologically means to compile, collect, correct something, as well as to bring it back to its origin, to return it. However, the definition of "taking the word to one of its possible meanings" was mostly shaped in the period after the Qur'an. Ta'vil is a concept that is mentioned seventeen times in the Qur'an in various places and contexts. While the word is sometimes used alone, it is often used as a noun phrase. When used alone, the concept is used in the sense of "end, result". In this way, it is understood that the word preserves its root meaning almost completely. The word came in the form of "dream interpretation" in one of the places where it is used as a noun phrase. The interpretation of dreams is a very special treat, even a miracle, given to Ya'qub (a.s) and Yusuf (a.s) by Allah. Because while some dreams are clear, others can be complex and woven with symbols. In the second case, “interpretation of the dream” means taking the dream to its counterpart in reality and in real life. In this case, "ta'wil" may be the most appropriate expression for the transaction that will resolve the closure in question and determine what it means in real life. Since this process also means to inform about the future, it will need revelation in order to be ta'wil, not interpretation. This situation manifests itself clearly in the examples of Yusuf's dream, the prisoners' dream, and the king's dream, as found in the chapter of Yusuf. With another phrase, the word ta'wil is mentioned in the story of Moses (a.s)- Khidr (a.s). In this parable, the concept is used to mean the truth and inner face of extraordinary events such as the ship's piercing, the murder of the child and the construction of a free wall. In each of these three interesting cases, Moses objected to Khidr and finally Khidr told him the truth and insight of the events that Moses could not bear, that is, he informed him of their interpretation. The place where the word ta'wil is most discussed in the tafsir books is the seventh verse of the Surah Al Imran. The concepts of “muhkam” and “mutashabih” mentioned here have been subject to many interpretations. However, in our opinion, most of these interpretations are open to discussion as they are put forward independently of the reason for the revelation of the verse. According to the reason for the descent of the verse, a large delegation from Najran Christians came to Medina and defended the belief in the Trinity, and they also used some verses of the Qur'an to support their belief. Accordingly, the Christians of Najran They exploited some Qur'anic expressions describing Jesus as "the word of God" and "a spirit from Him" and claimed that the Qur'an also predicts the Trinity. However, the Qur'an came to correct an idolatrous society, and while emphasizing the belief in tawhid from beginning to end, it vehemently rejected all forms of polytheism. Here, in our opinion, these verses, which deal with the oneness of Allah very clearly, are described as "muhkam" and reveal the indisputable most basic principle of the Qur'an. On the other hand, mutashabih verses are the verses that are related to Allah and may be drawn in directions that are contrary to the most basic argument of the Qur'an when the muhkam verses are not taken into account. Because even though these verses are not meaningful, they are closed to us in terms of truth and nature, and they are beyond the limits of our knowledge. Despite everything, it is not correct to present some verses as evidence for corrupt beliefs while there are hundreds of plausible verses. Then, the existence of some mutashabih verses whose meaning is unknown should be mentioned, not verses whose meaning is unknown. Otherwise, it will not be possible to make sense of the divine explanations that the Qur'an has come to be understood. In some phrases where the concept of ta'wil is used, it is used in relation to worldly and otherworldly punishments. In these verses, it is mentioned that ta'wil will one day come, that is, the realization of the torment promised to the unbelievers, in a sense, passing through the warning stage and reaching reality. According to what we understand from the Qur'an, the relationship and certainty of the concept of ta’wil with revelation is much more evident. After all these determinations, we can say that interpretation is a more assertive and powerful concept than tafsir. In this situation, the interpretation of tafsir to the prophet was referred to the ijtihad of the commentators. Therefore, the legitimacy of ta’wil has always been discussed. As a result, it has been seen that the word ta'wil somehow preserves its relationship with the lexical meaning in the Qur'an, but it is not used in the sense of "tafsir" in the later understandings. Later assumptions about ta'wil are closely related to their historical conjunctures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muhkem ve müteşâbih; tarihsel süreçte dinsel bilimlerin her alanıyla ilişkili bir konu olarak gelişmiştir. Bu konunun dinsel bilimlerin her alanında tartışılmış olması, gerçekte Kur’an’ın ayetlerinin muhkem ve müteşâbih olduğu nitelenmesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu konunun kelâm ilminin alanında kabul edilmesi, muhkem ve müteşâbih kavramlarının yasayı nitelemesindendir. Muhkem ve müteşâbihin anlamları hakkında yapılan yorumlar ve ortaya atılan anlayışlar, genelde salt bu kavramların anlamlarıyla sınırlı kalmış veya zikredildiği ayetlerin indiriliş nedeniyle ilgili rivayetlerin etkisinde geliştiğinden, bağlamdan uzaklaşmıştır. Bununla birlikte muhkem ve müteşâbihin Kur’an ayetlerinin anlamsal niteliği olarak kabul edilmesi, Kur’an’ın anlaşılabilir bir metin olduğu konusunda kuşkular oluşturmuştur. Müteşâbih ayetlerin çeşitli anlamlara ihtimali olan ayetler olarak anlaşılması nedeniyle de, her ekolün kendi görüşlerini Kur’an ayetleriyle ilişkilendirmesini olası kılmıştır. Kur’an ayetlerinin güncel yorumlarının tarihsel bakış açılarından arındırılarak oluşmaması, tarihsel bilginin gücü nedeniyledir. Kur’an’da önceki elçilere iman emredildiği gibi, önceki yasalara iman da emredilmektedir. Muhkem; önceki yasalarda olmayan ve Kur’an’da var olan özgün yasalar ve müteşâbih ise Kur’an ayetlerinin önceki yasalara benzeşimli olan ayetleridir. Muhkem ve müteşâbih edebiyatında bu yaklaşım, yer almamıştır. Bu çalışmada; çözümleme, karşılaştırma ve eleştiri yöntem olarak kullanılmıştır. Kur’an ayetlerinin anlamları dilsel açıdan çözümlendiği gibi, bu bağlamda kullanılan kavramlar arasında ilişki kurulmaya gayret gösterilmiştir. Konuyla ilişkili ayetlerin yorumunda farklı ekollerin anlayışlarına atıf yapılmıştır. Eleştiri ise bağlam bütünlüğü ve Kur’an bütünlüğü gözetilerek konuyla ilgili önceki yorumlara yöneltilmiştir. Kur’an’ın muhkem ayetlerini inşa ederken nesh, insâ ve tebdîl yöntemini izlediği belirtilmiştir. Nesh olgusu, Kur’an’ın kendi ayetlerinin hükmünü kaldırması olarak değil; önceki yasaların hükümlerini kaldırması olarak anlaşılmıştır. İnsâ; önceki yasalarda var olan ayetlerin hükümlerinin kaldırılmaması ve tekrar yeni yasada indirilmesi olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Kur’an’da genel olarak zikredilen ilk muhatapların elçiyi “uydurmakla” nitelemelerinin de, kendi bilgilerinde var olan yasaların Kur’an’ın özgün yasalarıyla değiştirilmiş olması nedeniyle olduğu belirtilmiştir. Muhkem ve müteşâbih konusunun özgün ve benzeşimli ayetler olarak anlaşılması, Kur’an ayetlerinin anlaşılır olduğu yargısını güçlendirecektir. Muhkem ayetlerin Kur’an olarak adlandırılan yasanın temelini oluşturduğu ve müteşâbih ayetlerin ise önceki yasalarda bulunan ayetlere anlam yönünden benzeşen ayetler olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bununla bağıntılı olarak kalplerinde eğrilik olanların müteşâbih ayetlerin izini sürmeleri; onların söz konusu ayetlerin önceki yasalarda varlığının olup olmadığına dair araştırmaları, Allah’ın müteşâbih ayetlerin te’vilini bilmesi; ayetlerin ilk olarak hangi yasada indirildiğinin onun tarafından bilinmesi, ilimde derinleşmiş olanların müteşâbih ayetler konusundaki tutumlarının; vahiy konusunda derinlemesine bilgisi olanların bütün benzeşimli ayetlerin Allah tarafından indirildiğini itiraf etmeleri olarak yorumlanmıştır.

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bozok University Journal of Faculty of Theology / Bozok Üniversitesi Ilahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Bozok University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of KADER is the property of Kelam Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Muhkem ve müteşabih terimlerini tanımlamada görülen farklılıklar Tefsir problemleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bazı Tefsir problemlerine yaklaşımları arasında farklılıklar bulunan Sünnî ve Şiî geleneğine mensup müfessirlerin muhkem ve müteşâbih ile ilgili düşüncelerinde bir ihtilafın var olup olmadığının tespiti önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle muhkem ve müteşâbih terimlerinin her iki gelenekteki tarihi gelişimi incelenmektedir. Buna bağlı olarak Sünnî ve Şiî düşünceyi savunan son dönem müfessirlerden İbn Âşûr ile Tabâtabâî’nin konu ile ilgili görüşleri ele alınarak bu kapsamda ulaşılan nokta mukayeseli olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Muhkem-müteşâbihin tarihi seyrine bakıldığında, Sünnî ve Şiî ulemasının yaklaşımlarının büyük oranda örtüştüğü görülmektedir. Sünnilerde selef, Şiîlerde ise Ahbârî ulemasına göre müteşâbih ifadelerin anlamı sadece Allah tarafından bilinebilir. Ancak selef ile Ahbârî ulemasının muhkem-müteşâbih algısı arasında kısmi bir farklılık da görülmektedir. Selef ulemasının yaklaşımında ayetlerdeki gaybî durumların ismi olarak kullanılan kelimeler müteşâbih olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Ahabârî ulemasına göre ise Kur’ân, yalnız masum imamlar tarafından doğru anlaşılabildiğinden bütün ayetler müteşâbihtir. Buna karşılık, Sünnilerde halef, Şiîlerde genel itibariyle Usûlî ulemasına göre Kur’ân’da manası bilinmeyen ayetler bulunmamaktadır. İlim dünyasına büyük katkılar sunan İbn Âşûr ile Tabâtabâî muhkem-müteşâbih konusunda özgün düşüncelere sahiptirler. Ancak, bu düşünceleri yeni tartışmaların önünü açacak kabildendir. Söz gelimi İbn Âşûr’a göre müteşâbihin Kur’ân’da bulunmasının hikmetlerinden bir tanesi Kur’ân’ın ilmî i‘câzıdır. Tabâtabâî’ye göre ise te’vîle ihtiyaç duyan ayetlerin Kur’ân’da bulunmasından kaynaklanmaktadır.

Among the mutasyābihāt verses, there are verses which speak about Allah SWT substances, such as verses about hands, eyes, face, istawa', and so on. This article specifically tries to expose and review the ta'wīl tafṣīli method used by the mufasir in understanding the Istiwa' verses. Some of the mufasir mentioned in this article are Ibnu Jarir al-Thabari (w. 310 H), Abu Bakr Ahmad al-Razi al-Jassas al-Hanafi (w. 370 H), Abu al-Laith Nasr bin Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Ibrahim al-Samarqandi (w. 375 H), Abu Hasan Ali bin Muhammad al-Mawardi (w.450 H), Abu Hasan Ali bin Ahmad al-Wahidi al-Naisaburi (w. 468 H), Abu Muhammad Abdul Haq bin' Athiyyah al-Andalusiy (w. 541 H), Fakhruddin al-Razi al-Shafi'i (w. 606 H), Abu Abdillah Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Ansari al-Qurthubi (w. 671 H), Nasiruddin Abdul Khair Abdullah bin Umar ibn Muhammad al-Baidawi al-Shafi'i (w. 685 H), Abu al-Barkat Abdullah bin Ahmad al-Nasafi (w. 710 H), Abu Hayyan al-Andalusiy (w. 754 H), and Abdurrahman bin Muhammad bin Makhluf Abu Zaid al-Tha'alabi (w. 875 H). Using the ta'wīl method, it was found that the majority of the mufasir did not understand istawa' literally. They do not believe that the meaning of istawa' is that Allah sits or stays at the 'Arsy. They turn the meaning of istawa' from its literal meaning to another meaning which corresponds to His greatness traits. They interpret istawa' with istawla or qahara which means to dominate or to conquer. The choice of the ta'wil method is a logical consequence to reinforce Asy'ari's ideology which believes that Allah exists without any place.

We as Muslims are inseparable from the learning of the Holy Qur'an, because the Qur'an is the first and foremost source and legal basis. Therefore, the Qur'an is from various aspects. In reading the Koran there is also a verse called muhkam and mutasyabih. This research method uses a literature study, the author reads references from several literations, which are finally made as additional knowledge for the author. Wisdom verse muhkam means to facilitate the knowledge and purpose of the verse so that it is easy to practice the implementation of its teachings. The wisdom of the verse Mutasyabih is to add merit, because with so many verses it requires help and effort in expressing its intentions.

The Holy Quran was revealed to the Holy Prophet Mohammed (Peace be upon him) by Allah Almighty as a final revelation for the whole of mankind. After the time of the Prophet Mohammed, his fellow scholars began writing commentaries on the holy Quran to understand its meaning and its context. The Mufassireen have concluded that the Quran has two types of verses; Muhkam are verses which are clear and have no dispute as to what they actually mean. Mutashabih are verses which have two or more than two options for the readers to infer their meaning and such verses have been open to debate amongst the Islamic scholars. This paper attempts to provide the correct definitions of Muhkam and Mutashabih verses based on the opinions of the classical and modern scholars. Based on the views of the modern and classical scholars, the researcher discusses the different varieties of these two types of verses and removes any objections and contradictions between the two attempting to clear up any such misconceptions. The philosophical reasoning behind the revelation of Mukham and Mutashabih verses is also tackled within this paper to ensure all areas and opinions are covered, giving an unbiased understanding of the subject

Bu çalışmada Kur’an ilimlerinin başat konularından biri olan “Mü-teşâbihu’l-Kur’an”, farklı bir yaklaşım ve tasnifle sunulmuştur. Bu yaklaşım bütünü görmemizde bize yardımcı olacak bir tasnifi içermektedir. Bu tasnifte müteşâbihât ile yeni bazı bilgiler yer alır-ken, pratik değeri olmayan ve Kur’an’ı anlamamızda ve bu konu-daki bilgileri kullanmamızda usûl açısından bize yardımcı olmaya-cak veriler yer almayacaktır. Buna mukabil bu üçlü tasnif, tarihsel malumatları ve tartışmaları yerli yerine koymamıza yarayacak pratik bir tasniftir. Bu tasnifte, “Müteşâbihu’l- Kur’an”; 1. Lite-ral/lafzi benzerlik 2. Al-i İmran, 3/7 ayeti bağlamında tartışılan müteşâbihlik 3. Allah’ın sıfatları çerçevesinde oluşan müteşâbihlik, olmak üzere üç temel başlık altında incelenecektir. Çalışmada gözden kaçan bazı yaklaşımlar okurların dikkatine sunulurken, ko-nunun dilbilimsel, tarihsel ve sosyo-kültürel bir çerçevede anlaşıl-ması yönünde çaba sarf edilmiştir.