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The relationship between employee motivation elements and job satisfaction in the pulp sector is examined in this paper. The Krishnagiri district's fruit pulp industry was the focus of the empirical investigation. 120 respondents who worked for the chosen companies made up the sample. Data processing was done with SPSS 21.0. package, which was used to calculate the factor analysis and perform a typical multiple regression analysis. The findings show a strong relationship between employee work satisfaction and motivational factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past 30 years, outgrower/contract farming has been promoted as an institutional innovation to boost agricultural and farm forestry in less developed countries. Understanding factors that make outgrower arrangements beneficial is crucial to realizing their full potential. This study examines a commercial tree-growing outgrower scheme in Uganda, assessing socioeconomic factors influencing farmers' participation and their motivations. Data collection utilized a mixed-method approach, including semi-structured interviews (n = 80), focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Findings revealed that participation was significantly associated with the purpose for the trees (χ2 = 19.7875, p = 0.00005), membership in farmer-based organizations (χ2 = 76.05, p = 2.77E-18), and household size (χ2 = 14.12667, p = 0.000856). Key motivations were access to quality seedlings, rated very important by 95 % of respondents, and farm credits, rated very important and important by 43.8 % and 36.3 % of farmers, respectively. Additionally, 96.3 % and 95 % considered training in agrochemical application and in planting, maintenance, and harvesting techniques, respectively, as very important. Most farmers (93 %) preferred on-spot cash payment over payment in kind. 55 % of farmers preferred donation with charge while 45 % preferred purchasing inputs at a subsidized price. Most farmers (65 %) favored a cost-sharing arrangement for harvesting costs, and 98 % wanted the company to cover post-harvest expenses. This study highlights the need of considering farmers' socioeconomic characteristics and preferences for contractual arrangements when designing outgrower schemes, as well providing seedlings, financial support, and training to enhance participation.

Purpose: The article aims to examine the expectations of students of the University of Szczecin in relation to the labor market. Factors motivating students to work professionally have been a topic repeatedly discussed by scientists in various years, hence the author’s thesis in her study: “due to significant socio-economic changes in the environment, students need more care and help from their superiors to motivate themselves to take up professional work”. Design/methodology/approach: The author conducted research in the form of an unstructured interview, allowing randomly selected full-time students of the University of Szczecin to answer the question “What encourages you to take up professional career?” Findings: The research results can be used to help prepare motivational systems in enterprises employing young people and also direct attention to the health, psychological and emotional problems of the young generation, which have intensified after the difficult times of the pandemic. Research limitations/implications: The author conducted a research sample by analyzing the responses of 145 students. Students’ statements may constitute a contribution to further, more developed research. Practical implications: The research results can help employers understand the young generation and indicate what tools they should use to mobilize young people for a given employer and, in the long run, keep them in the company for a longer period of time. Originality/value: The article describes issues that have been previously discussed by many authors, but the ability of respondents to express themselves freely shows the great diversity of young people’s expectations towards the labor market, which may help employers and lecturers understand the young generation better. Knowing the problems and expectations of students in relation to their professional work can help managers adopt an appropriate attitude towards young people to facilitate their entry into the world of adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social entrepreneurial ventures thrive on diverse motivations, evolving through stages. This research delved into the dynamic shifts in motivations guiding social entrepreneurs across projects and initiatives in Tanzania. Despite numerous attempts by scholars to study and theorize the motivations of social entrepreneurs, there remains a significant gap in understanding the primary focus of social entrepreneurs' involvement in various social entrepreneurship projects. This research aimed to address this knowledge gap by exploring the motivations that drive social entrepreneurs in Tanzania to engage in social entrepreneurship ventures. The study specifically investigated the CHEMA and Gongali Model cases. The respondents consisted of 20 social entrepreneurs, with 9 from CHEMA and 11 from the Gongali Model. The findings highlight the influence of personal experiences and backgrounds in establishing innovative social enterprises, emphasizing the importance of achieving successful outcomes. The study suggests that social entrepreneurs are motivated not only by their individual needs and goals but also by the satisfaction derived from witnessing the positive impact of their work on others. Successful entrepreneurship, the study argues, requires a focus on effecting changes at both the macro and micro levels. When the intended purpose of social entrepreneurs is achieved, it serves as a significant indicator of success. The report delves deeper into how these findings influence the overall infrastructure and mindset of social entrepreneurs in Tanzania. This research introduces a novel motivational model and connects it with critical success characteristics in social innovation projects, contributing to the advancement of social entrepreneurship research. Additionally, it proposes fundamental innovations in governance and operations within the field of social entrepreneurship. From the organizational context perspective, the findings contribute to a better understanding of the factors that contribute to the formation and growth of social enterprises in Tanzania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shortage of teachers and the challenge of popularizing the teaching profession are some of the most pressing problems in education today. Finding a solution to these issues is a priority task. Our research focuses on which teacher motivational factors improve professional life, create a better school atmosphere, and ensure new career paths, avoiding the harmful consequences of stress and burnout. In interviews with teachers teaching in disadvantaged schools, we tried to identify the motivational factors established by the literature, and we were curious about what factors influence someone's becom1ing an innovative teacher. All this knowledge can be useful information for teacher training, and help to develop an incentive system for teachers in the field, preventing them from leaving the occupation. During our empirical research, we analyzed 24 interviews with Atlas ti. Our main research question was what are the motivational factors that enable teachers to make adequate professional decisions, and why their pedagogical problem-solving ideas and innovations do not remain isolated data. We investigated which motivational factors can be identified as drivers and which as barriers to the development of innovations, and which are responsible for retention in the teaching profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long-term sustainability of the African Great Lakes is strongly connected to the management and monitoring of their coastal areas. Yet, the communities that live in these areas are rarely involved in monitoring and have limited influence on key management issues. Furthermore, regulatory activities and knowledge sharing in these transnational ecosystems are strongly limited by funding and infrastructure limitations. Citizen science has great potential to advance both scientific and public understanding of the state of the environment. However, there remains a limited understanding of participants' motivations and expectations, especially in developing countries, where citizen science has great potential to complement regulatory monitoring. The present study explores the motivations of citizen scientists in villages along Lake Tanganyika's northern coast and their potential to take a more active role in lake management. Motivations were examined through qualitative interviews, focus groups, and quantitative surveys with 110 citizen scientists and 110 non-citizen scientists from participating villages. Key motivational factors identified were the desire to contribute to scientific research and local knowledge, as well as aspects of financial compensation. The results confirm that participation in citizen science provides many benefits to participants beyond their role as data aggregators and final knowledge users. However, the incentives to participation varied to those typically considered in citizen science programs conducted in developed countries. To create sustainable long-term community based environmental monitoring, these motivations should be incorporated in the program design and participant recruitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Disciplines Economics & Administrative Scienves Studies is the property of International Journal of Disciplines in Economics & Administrative Sciences Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article highlights the features of three paradigms of education: competency-based, digital and modernization. The purpose of the study is to analyze the influence of factors of educational paradigms on the motivation of students to study history at a university. The empirical base of the study includes materials from an Internet survey of first- and second-year students of universities in Samara region (N=389) conducted in 2022. Depending on the attitude of students to the study of history at the university, three groups of respondents were identified: “supporters”, “moderate supporters” and “indifferent to the study of history at the university”. The grouping of students made it possible to analyze the differentiated influence of the factors of three types of educational paradigms on the motivation of students. The modernization paradigm has the greatest positive potential in shaping the motivation of students to study history. It, to a greater extent than other paradigms, takes into account the specifics of history as a humanitarian discipline. Within the framework of three paradigms, factors that have a negative impact on the motivation of students to study history are identified. Among them, insufficient development of independent work skills is of great importance. The practical significance of the study is to use the information obtained to improve the methods of teaching history at the university, as well as other social and humanitarian disciplines, taking into account the factors of student motivation.

The human factor is still an irreplaceable element bearing a competitive advantage in the changed conditions of the wood-processing industry created by Industrial Revolution 4.0. Their sophisticated use and motivation result in the company's higher performance potential, and satisfaction is reflected in higher employee loyalty. The study aims to evaluate the level of motivation of employees working in the wood-processing industry in selected Central European countries (Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Ukraine) from the point of view of groups of motivation factors and then to compare them between countries in terms of gender and age. Differences in the mean values of the compared groups were tested, taking into account the confidence interval. The research was conducted at the beginning of 2021 when Ukraine has not been in a military conflict yet. The result of our findings is the knowledge that the most important motivation factors for Slovak employees in the wood-processing industry are those related to finance and employer-employee relationships. Czech employees also prefer the same motivation factors but place less emphasis on them. Employees of the wood-processing industry in Ukraine prefer motivation factors related to finance and career aspiration. From the point of view of motivation, the input qualitative parameters of rawwood material and its assessment in forest stands are also important. In globalization, the findings of our study can serve as insights for managers within the wood-processing industry. These insights can be particularly beneficial in enhancing the quality of human resource management, with a particular emphasis on bolstering employee motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the continuous challenges facing the world of education, the question is how teachers can renew themselves, what competences they have to be able to serve the continuous needs of the age. In the interviews with teachers, we tried to identify the motivational factors established by the literature, and we were curious about what factors influence whether someone becomes an innovative teacher. All this knowledge can be useful information for teacher training, and they can help to develop an incentive system for teachers in the field, preventing them from leaving the field. During our empirical research, we analyzed 24 interviews Atlas ie. with the help of Our question is what are the motivational factors that enable teachers to make appropriate professional decisions and that their pedagogical problem-solving ideas and innovations do not remain isolated data. We investigated which motivational factors can be identified as drivers or barriers to the development of innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On an international scale, it can be argued that the key currency of business entities is human resources. They are a dominant part of corporate assets. They are also decisive determinants of competitiveness if they work with adequate performance, which is influenced by motivation. Managers are aware of this and pay increased attention to the study of factors that increase the performance and motivation of employees. In Slovakia, the importance of human resources increased gradually after the transformation of the economy to market conditions; currently, the management of human resources corresponds to international standards. However, it is necessary to increase attention in the management of some areas that personnel managers have competence in. Motivation can be included among these. The submitted contribution deals with the motivation of employees, as the subject area is not sufficiently addressed in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. According to the analysis of motivational processes in selected manufacturing companies operating in Slovakia, changes are proposed in the motivational system to increase employee motivation. The aim is to reveal the important aspects of motivational policy. To achieve the research objective, a qualitative study of data collection was carried out using an unstructured questionnaire survey. A questionnaire was used to develop the hypotheses. After data collection, established hypotheses were tested using the chi-square test of independence. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. According to the analysis, proposals for changes in the incentive system were developed. The recommendations are presented in the form of individual concrete proposals and measures in various areas within motivational processes, which, after implementation, have the potential to increase the level of employee motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the analysis to be made, a theoretical framework in which the base and motivation factors are distinguished to reveal by which factors determine the foreign direct investments. The basic hypothesis is that if the base factor(s) are provided, foreign direct investment flows to the countries that provide at least one motivation factor. The factors affecting the entry of foreign direct investments in emerging market economies have been analyzed by System Generalized Method of Moments over the period of 1996-2018. It has been found that increase in the quality of governance and human capital, which are the base factors, increase foreign direct investment, while increase in physical infrastructure and financial development decrease it. Physical infrastructure turned out to be a motivation factor, not a base factor, hence foreign investors or multinational companies target countries that have insufficient physical infrastructure and they make foreign direct investment in the sector of physical infrastructure. Financial development also turned out to be a motivation factor, not a base factor, hence foreign investors or multinational companies target countries that have undeveloped financial sector and they make foreign direct investment in the financial sector. It is found that increase in international trade and tariff rates increases foreign direct investment inflows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of inbound tourists in Japan has been increasing steadily in recent years. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of inbound tourists decreased in 2020. This is particularly worrisome for Japan, as the number of inbound tourists is expected to reach 60 million per year by 2030. In order to help Japan's tourism industry to recover from the pandemic, we propose a method of identifying elements that attract the attention of inbound tourists (focus points) by analyzing reviews on tourist sites. We focus on Hokkaido, a popular area in Japan for tourists from China. Our proposed method extracts high-frequency n-gram patterns from reviews written by Chinese inbound tourists, showing which aspects are mentioned most often. We then use seven types of motivational factors for tourists and principal component analysis to quantify the focus points of each tourist destination. Finally, we estimate the focus points by clustering the n-gram patterns extracted from the tourists' reviews. The results show that our method successfully identifies the features and focus points of each tourist spot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between the organizational culture of the enterprise and the motivation of its personnel in military conditions. The role of organizational culture in the motivation of enterprises’ employees is analyzed. It is actual now because military actions forced many people to reconsider their values and showed the importance of intangible aspects of people's life. The purpose of the article was to substantiate the importance of the formation of organizational culture at the enterprise as a factor influencing the general motivation of the staff. The conducted survey made it possible to assess the level of organizational culture at the enterprises The analysis of the relationship between the level of satisfaction with material incentives and the factors determining the organizational culture at the enterprise made it possible to prove that the organizational culture really affects the motivation of the enterprises’ under the conditions of martial state. The authors proposed the implementation of measures to improve organizational culture at the enterprise to increase the level of employees’ motivation.

Purpose. Improvement of the quality of online education of university students, taking into account their motivational component. Methodology. The research results were obtained using general and special methods of cognition: abstract-logical, analysis, systematization and combination, the method of theoretical generalization, deduction and induction, statistical analysis. Findings. A study on a sample of 377 undergraduate students majoring in “Management” in Sri Lanka demonstrated a good fit of the proposed structural equation model to the observed data, confirming that content and organization, Internet access, and service quality had statistically significant effects on online learning. Originality. With the recombination of variables, the possibility of ensuring an increase in the quality of education is formed due to the effective increase of a significant motivational component of the educational process Practical values. The results of the study are useful for all participants in the education sector. They offer a guideline for university administrations on how they should conduct online teaching, ensuring the effectiveness of the learning process, taking into account the motivational componet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The residential sector is responsible for a large portion of global energy consumption, with the primary needs consisting of space heating. Therefore, consumers’ decisions concerning the heating system selection play a significant role in shaping the sector's conditions. This study examines the relationship between residential heating systems’ selection-related motivation factors and socioeconomic, residence, and spatial characteristics. A questionnaire survey focusing on the Greek population was performed during 2012 and 2019, with the two samples being examined in parallel. The motivation factors were classified into convenience, market, performance, and cost-related aspects, with performance-related and cost-related aspects being perceived as the most important. Convenience-related aspects are more important for older people and women, while performance-related aspects for individuals with environmentally friendlier behaviour.

Social entrepreneurial ventures thrive on diverse motivations, evolving through stages. This research delved into the dynamic shifts in motivations guiding social entrepreneurs across projects and initiatives in Tanzania. Despite numerous attempts by scholars to study and theorize the motivations of social entrepreneurs, there remains a significant gap in understanding the primary focus of social entrepreneurs’ involvement in various social entrepreneurship projects. This research aimed to address this knowledge gap by exploring the motivations that drive social entrepreneurs in Tanzania to engage in social entrepreneurship ventures. The study specifically investigated the CHEMA and Gongali Model cases. The respondents consisted of 20 social entrepreneurs, with 9 from CHEMA and 11 from the Gongali Model. The findings highlight the influence of personal experiences and backgrounds in establishing innovative social enterprises, emphasizing the importance of achieving successful outcomes. The study suggests that social entrepreneurs are motivated not only by their individual needs and goals but also by the satisfaction derived from witnessing the positive impact of their work on others. Successful entrepreneurship, the study argues, requires a focus on effecting changes at both the macro and micro levels. When the intended purpose of social entrepreneurs is achieved, it serves as a significant indicator of success. The report delves deeper into how these findings influence the overall infrastructure and mindset of social entrepreneurs in Tanzania. This research introduces a novel motivational model and connects it with critical success characteristics in social innovation projects, contributing to the advancement of social entrepreneurship research. Additionally, it proposes fundamental innovations in governance and operations within the field of social entrepreneurship. From the organizational context perspective, the findings contribute to a better understanding of the factors that contribute to the formation and growth of social enterprises in Tanzania.

This paper analyzes the relationships between family backgrounds, motivation and fieldsof study for a sample of 4-year students from Yaroslavl region and Tatarstan. The results showthat students with different family educational and material resources choose different fields of study and have different motivation. Students with high material resources and prefer to choose economic professions and rarely choose the humanities or pedagogical professions. Motivation can change the effect of family background: intensify or reduce it. Advantaged students (with high educational and material resources) explain their occupational choice by interest or job motivation and don’t follow by easiness of education or entering universities.

Copyright of E-International Journal of Educational Research is the property of E-International Journal of Educational Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the paper is to define the level of motivation of employees in the enterprises in the forest-based sector in Slovakia in time, namely before the COVID-19 crisis and after the crisis, and subsequently to determine the most important motivation factors. Data were obtained through quantitative research. The research sample consisted of 920 respondents working in forest enterprises and 1,494 working in wood-processing enterprises. Following the multivariate analysis of dispersion, the employees' motivation level in the enterprises in the forest-based sector was defined and compared. The recognition of an insignificant change in group motivation factors is the result of the research. Another result is the realization that even with the essential motivation factors, there were no significant changes due to the impact of COVID-19. At the same time, they were balanced within the sectors. The contribution of the paper is comparing the level of motivation and motivation factors in the forest-based industry over time and the subsequent possibility of designing managerial models of motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to a recent change in the labor market, it is difficult for the agency to find its future workforce given generational differences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effect of generation on the relationship between basic psychological needs, motivation factors, and job selection preference in the Bangkok hotel industry. Data from 456 samples from 65 distinct sites were collected using a multi-stage sampling technique. The data collected was analyzed using a quantitative research approach called partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings presented that only negative basic psychological needs (NBP) (β = -.174, p = .001) had a negative significant effect on the dependent variable, whereas each independent variable (positive basic psychological needs (PBP) (β = .225, p = .001), motivation factors (MF) (β = .428, p = .001), and hygiene factors (HF) (β = .219, p = .001)) had a positive significant direct effect on the dependent variable (job selection preference (JSP). In the moderation analysis, the moderating roles of generation on the MF-JSP (weakening) (β = -.078, p = .047) and PBP-JSP (strengthening) (β = .116, p = .006) relationships were discovered. The findings suggest that when motivating factors such as job performance, career opportunities, or professional development are present, generational differences should be considered. They also emphasized the need to consider generational factors when basic psychological needs, including autonomy, relatedness, and competence, are addressed for job preference choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the motives for choosing a profession for the future rescuers. It is noted that in the era of postmodernism, the profession of a rescuer is undergoing the changes, since the cases of emergencies and disasters becomes more frequent, and it becomes relevant. The essence of the "motive", "motivation", "rescuer" concepts was investigated. It was proved that the professional motivation is significant in the profession of a rescuer. In addition, it is noted that the motive for choosing a profession is influenced by studying at a higher educational establishment, that is, the direct influence of the teachers; in addition, the professional vocation, the professional intentions, the need for activity, and the value orientations in the profession play an important role. A review of the articles by domestic and foreign authors on the problem raised was made. It turned out that the number of studies on this issue is not numerous. The types of the professional motives of the risky professions representatives were determined. The positive factors and disadvantages of the profession of a rescuer were highlighted. The focus is on the nervous and emotional stress during the work. It is noted that the researchers determine the main 4 criteria that contribute to the choice of profession: the desire to pursue a professional career, the desire to help another person, the appetence to the risks, danger, and receiving a high stable salary. In addition, 4 main factors that affect the professional growth of a rescuer were identified: the attitude, the capacity for knowledge, the inspiration, and the environment. The real factors influencing the professional motivation of future rescuers were considered. It is noted that the profession of a rescuer is both psychologically and physically dangerous. The research was considered, which indicates that 30% of university graduates have immature motivation for the professional activity. In addition, 3 levels of motivation were considered: high, medium and low. The content components of the professional self-concept of the future rescuer were clarified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively influenced all areas of human life across the world. Economic downturn is evident in almost every country. However, the biggest impact has crisis on micro and small enterprises (MaSEs). As the change of regime and rhythm of work is coming, the important task of employees in management is to retain their subordinates in the state of positive setting and motivation. The aim of the research is to define the impact of pandemic COVID-19 on the level of employee motivation in MaSEs operating in Slovak Republic. The development of employee motivation was investigated in three fields, financial, working and relationship one. A total of 848 respondents were asked in 2017 to 2020 by means of stratified selection. There was a significant decrease of preferences of respondents in all investigated motivation factors. Testing confirmed the existence of statistically significant differences during 2020 in comparison with previous years in investigating the following motivation factors: basic salary, job security, good working team, communication at work and superior's approach. The main contribution of the research is the finding that pandemic COVID-19 has the influence except of other impacts also on the area of employee motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research identifies the most relevant motivation factors of the civil servants from the Fiscal Administration of Bucharest, District 1, Romania, but also the ways in which their motivation can be improved. The purpose of this research was achieved by adapting and combining three different instruments used in the literature in order to evaluate in what extent each factor influences the civil servants' motivation. The research is based on a quantitative approach, and it is an exploratory study that was carried out using a combination of methods: the analysis of the official records, plus published articles; and the opinion survey based on a questionnaire, employing a convenience sampling, in order to design a set of recommendations for improving the current level of motivation among civil servants. The results show the need for introducing new ways of motivating civil servants, in order to increase their satisfaction and involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to retain prominent teachers is a fundamental problem for rural education in less developed countries. However, the critical institutional factors affecting teachers’ turnover intention still need to be better understood. According to Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory, this study examines the effects of hygiene factors (rural incentive policy, personnel policy, and teacher pay) and motivation factors (advancement, work itself, and achievement) on rural teachers’ turnover intention. Based on a sample of 973 rural teachers, the results from structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that both hygiene factors and motivation factors can significantly reduce the turnover intention of rural teachers. Meanwhile, the effect of motivation factors is greater than that of hygiene factors. It was also confirmed that marital status, age, and teaching subject have a significant moderation effect on the relationship between motivation/hygiene factor and turnover intention, whereas gender has no significant moderation effect. Theoretical and practical implications for attracting and retaining rural teachers are discussed.

Volunteer tourists, often foreigners, collect essential data in wildlife conservation projects worldwide. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, international tourism activities reduced drastically, forcing many conservation projects to shut down. Using a nine-year (2013–2021) case study in Indonesia, we examine how local and foreign tourists construct the meaning of their volunteer experiences in the light of COVID-19. We aim to highlight the potential benefits of local volunteer tourism to face the travel limitations posed by COVID-19, and to show an example of how conservation projects can overcome the challenges of the current and potential future pandemics. We recruited 117 volunteers (49 Indonesians, 68 foreign; 73 females, 44 males; mean age: 24.2 ± SD 4.7) that collected 50.8% of the total amount of data collected by the project over the same period. Of the 117 volunteers, 81 of them (38 Indonesians, 43 foreigners) filled in a feedback form at the end of their stay. Via logistic regressions, we found that Indonesian volunteers declared more positive feedback on the logistics at the research station (p = 0.047). Via Bayesian structural equation models, we found that Indonesian volunteers reported significantly more frequently than foreign volunteers that they learned new skills (89% Credible Interval = 0.017–0.351) and that they gained personal wisdom, growth and maturity (89% Credible Interval = 0.891–1.003) from the volunteer experience. The volunteer program evolved from being 100% foreign volunteers in 2013 to 100% Indonesian volunteers by 2020 at the peak of the pandemic, which helped maintain the continuity of the research and conservation activities. We presented the positive implications of shifting towards local volunteer tourists in a long-term conservation project. We suggest that promoting local volunteer tourism through training new generations of nationals in conservation projects is key to guarantee the persistence of such initiatives in the post-COVID-19 Era. Volunteer tourists, often foreigners, collect essential data in wildlife conservation projects worldwide. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, international tourism activities reduced drastically, forcing many conservation projects to shut down. Using a nine-year (2013–2021) case study in Indonesia, we examine how local and foreign tourists construct the meaning of their volunteer experiences in the light of COVID-19. We aim to highlight the potential benefits of local volunteer tourism to face the travel limitations posed by COVID-19, and to show an example of how conservation projects can overcome the challenges of the current and potential future pandemics. We recruited 117 volunteers (49 Indonesians, 68 foreign; 73 females, 44 males; mean age: 24.2 ± SD 4.7) that collected 50.8% of the total amount of data collected by the project over the same period. Of the 117 volunteers, 81 of them (38 Indonesians, 43 foreigners) filled in a feedback form at the end of their stay. Via logistic regressions, we found that Indonesian volunteers declared more positive feedback on the logistics at the research station (p = 0.047). Via Bayesian structural equation models, we found that Indonesian volunteers reported significantly more frequently than foreign volunteers that they learned new skills (89% Credible Interval = 0.017–0.351) and that they gained personal wisdom, growth and maturity (89% Credible Interval = 0.891−1.003) from the volunteer experience. The volunteer program evolved from being 100% foreign volunteers in 2013 to 100% Indonesian volunteers by 2020 at the peak of the pandemic, which helped maintain the continuity of the research and conservation activities. We presented the positive implications of shifting towards local volunteer tourists in a long-term conservation project. We suggest that promoting local volunteer tourism through training new generations of nationals in conservation projects is key to guarantee the persistence of such initiatives in the post-COVID-19 Era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aging of population leads to the outcome that number of social care sector clients grows steadily. Hence the research highlighted that average age of the workforce in social care sector is also rising. An important question is how to attract and retain young people in the care sector for the elderly in the context of an aging society with the growing importance of the care economy. The study aims to reveal the factors motivating young people (18-29 years old) to employ and their attitudes towards work in the elderly care sector to. The research investigated the links between prosocial motivation and the attitudes of unemployed young people registered in the Employment Service toward work in the elderly care sector. The results of the study identified main directions, which could encourage more young people to get involved in the elderly care sector: promoting prosocial motivation of the individuals, increasing the flexibility of social services for the elderly and ensuring good working conditions. The study revealed significant role of the employment service as an intermediary between the young person and the institution providing social services and changing public attitudes towards work in the care sector for the elderly.

Introduction. The article provides data from the analysis of the motivational profiles of students of different generations. The introduction describes the features of the teams of pharmacy organizations and modern approaches to staff motivation. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of the methodology for diagnosing the motivational profile of the personality by S. Ritchie and P. Martin among students of a pharmaceutical university — representatives of generations Y and Z during their 1st, 3rd, and 5th years of studies. Results. In the course of the analysis of these motivational profiles, the main directions and differences in the motivation of these generations and the peculiarities of the motivation of generation Z specialists were identified. Their main incentives were determined, as well as the list and focus of measures to attract new generation employees. The dominant motivational factors of generation Z are: high wages and material rewards, clear job structuring and feedback. Also, representatives of generation Z revealed such qualities as: relatively low creativity, a high need for multiple social contacts, and high competitive assertiveness. Conclusion. On the basis of the results obtained, possible changes in the motivational profiles of generation Z at the beginning of their career were identified and the main recommendations for attracting such employees to the company were outlined. Further studies are needed to evaluate the changes of motivational profiles over time.

Copyright of Socialinė Teorija, Empirija, Politika ir Praktika (STEPP) is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to reveal the interest toward sustainability and effects of sustainability motivation factors in the management of hotels in the case of Palandöken Winter Tourism Center (WTC). Sustainability motivation factors are of great importance not only for the sustainability of the hotels but also for the sustainable future of WTCs, the winter tourism sector, and even for the cities and the countries. In other words, the motivations of firms regarding sustainability play a role in ensuring economic, ecological, and social sustainability from the individual to the country scale. Therefore, it is critically important to determine the effects of sustainability motivation factors. Since then, a road map can be drawn to strengthen the internal and external motivations that support sustainable practices and eliminate factors that disrupt their motivations. The study was designed as a case study. A questionnaire consisting of Likert-type questions was applied to the managers of the hotels in the Palandöken WTC in January 2020. Quantitative data were gathered from 40 samples and later analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression, and discriminant analysis techniques. As a result, the interests in sustainability, the effectiveness of sustainability motivation factors, the relationship between motivation factors and interest in sustainability, and the differences between respondent groups in terms of their interest in sustainability were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematically gifted students are precious human resources, educators of which make a great difference in helping them realize their potential. The retention of qualified teachers of mathematically gifted students is an issue worthy of in-depth exploration. In China, mathematics competitions are an important part of mathematics gifted education, and the teaching of the Mathematical Olympiad is a challenging profession with a high attrition rate. This qualitative study takes four seasoned and outstanding Chinese teachers as cases, collects data through individual semi-structured interviews, and uses the thematic analysis method based on Herzberg's two-factor theory to analyze why they can persist in the field of Mathematical Olympiad teaching for more than 20 years. The results show that the motivation factors affecting retention are recognition, achievement, possibility of growth, work itself, and responsibility, and the hygiene factors are policy and interpersonal relationships. Motivation factors are the main reason for their long-term persistence, while hygiene factors are conducive to their persistence as a whole. Finally, enlightenment to educational policy and school management and suggestions for retention and development of teachers of the mathematically gifted are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The residential sector is responsible for a large portion of global energy consumption, with the primary needs consisting of space heating. Therefore, consumers' decisions concerning the heating system selection play a significant role in shaping the sector's conditions. This study examines the relationship between residential heating systems' selection-related motivation factors and socioeconomic, residence, and spatial characteristics. A questionnaire survey focusing on the Greek population was performed during 2012 and 2019, with the two samples being examined in parallel. The motivation factors were classified into convenience, market, performance, and cost-related aspects, with performance-related and cost-related aspects being perceived as the most important. Convenience-related aspects are more important for older people and women, while performance-related aspects for individuals with environmentally friendlier behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the motivation factors of teacher candidates in choosing the teaching profession. The study employed a survey model which was carried out with 543 teacher candidates. The data were collected through the ' Factors Influencing Teaching Choice Scale' and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the highest rated motivation factors of teacher candidates for teaching were "shape the future of children/adolescents', ' make a social contribution', and ' enhance social equity' . Teacher candidates were least affected by ' job transferability', ' social influences', and ' fallback career' . Female teacher candidates attached more importance to social utility values, and they were more influenced by their environment to become a teacher than males. While the teacher candidates from the department of elementary education had the highest scores in the factors of ' shape the future of children/adolescents', ' enhance social equity', ' make a social contribution', ' work with children/adolescents', and ' intrinsic career values', the teacher candidates from the department of education science had the lowest scores in these areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematically gifted students are precious human resources, educators of which make a great difference in helping them realize their potential. The retention of qualified teachers of mathematically gifted students is an issue worthy of in-depth exploration. In China, mathematics competitions are an important part of mathematics gifted education, and the teaching of the Mathematical Olympiad is a challenging profession with a high attrition rate. This qualitative study takes four seasoned and outstanding Chinese teachers as cases, collects data through individual semi-structured interviews, and uses the thematic analysis method based on Herzberg’s two-factor theory to analyze why they can persist in the field of Mathematical Olympiad teaching for more than 20 years. The results show that the motivation factors affecting retention are recognition, achievement, possibility of growth, work itself, and responsibility, and the hygiene factors are policy and interpersonal relationships. Motivation factors are the main reason for their long-term persistence, while hygiene factors are conducive to their persistence as a whole. Finally, enlightenment to educational policy and school management and suggestions for retention and development of teachers of the mathematically gifted are provided.

One of the most important factors in successful e-learning is the motivation of the student. This article examines the very essence of student motivation in the context of e-learning and identifies the factors that influence it. The investigation involved 123 five-year students of the Elabuga Institute of Kazan Federal University and the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University aged from 21 to 23 (M = 22.6 SD = 0.03). Determination of specific factors affecting students' motivation was performed by means of a specially designed questionnaire. Motivation analysis was done by using the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) adapted for Russian students. The link between the reviewed factors of influence and academic motivation was established by using correlation analysis. In general, the results of the experiment indicate the absence of statistically significant variations in motivation levels across experimental (studying online) and control (studying traditionally) group participants (t = 0.721, p > 0.05). The significance of this research stems from the fact that it provides an idea of how to increase student engagement in e-learning and limit the effect of determinants reducing student motivation. That aside, they may be taken advantage of when planning and carrying out future research on the influence of e-learning on student motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitization in which the protagonists who are the subject of this paper’s research were born—the so-called Generation Z—has influenced everything aspects of life, including the attitude of new generations towards work. Working environment, expectations of jobs, working hours, motivation and loyalty of workers change a lot from generation to generation. There changes greatly affect the entire labor market, as well as the preferences of members of this generation regarding the choice of employers.

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Travel demand is driven by various motives, which can be subject to changes. Trend study data show, that some motivations shift over time based on age, birth cohort or time-period. It is expected that the external shock of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affects travel motivations of an entire population across ages and cohorts. However, and interestingly, survey results show that there are hardly any period effects on travel motives during the pandemic. There are two possible explanations which require further investigation: Either motivations are much more stable than expected, or motivations are instantly adjusted according to the available options to avoid cognitive dissonance between increased desires and reduced opportunities as well as limited abilities to travel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]